Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.04054202004082020
M. Gupta, A. Mondal
Background: Sida cordifolia Linn. is a well-known medicinal plant which exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and sexual properties. It shows good promise in the treatment of male sexual disorders during its pre-clinical studies. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the spermatogenesis action of aqueous extract of roots of S. cordifolia Linn. in clinical trials. Materials and Methods: The study uses qualitative criteria such as primary and secondary symptoms, and quantitative investigations such as hematological investigations, hormonal analysis, and semen analysis for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of research formulation through placebo-controlled clinical trials on 50 males having lack of sexual desire and non-satisfactory sexual life. Results: Very high inhibition was noticed in respect of primary symptoms such as lack of libido, difficulty in ejaculation or little amount of semen, as well as secondary symptoms such as nausea, body ache, headache, indigestion, loss of appetite, and general weakness in the research group. Lack of any adverse changes in hematological parameters (blood sugar, hemoglobin, ESR, RBC, and WBC) and biochemical parameters (bilirubin, protein, SGPT, SGOT, and ALP) indicates the non-toxic nature of research formulation. The hormonal levels registered a significant increase during the clinical study in research group, especially the testosterone level (8.53%). Semen quality evaluated through sperm count, motility, and morphology showed a significant improvement in research group, suggesting that administration of research drug in cases of stress-related sexual problems protected healthy cells by reduced generation of ROS and helped maintain quality parameters of spermatozoa during spermatogenesis. Conclusion: The research formulation made from roots of S. cordifolia Linn. shows good and significant (P < 0.05) therapeutic efficacy through inhibition of primary and secondary symptoms and enhancement in hormonal and seminal parameters, validating its spermatogenesis effect without any toxic or adverse effects.
{"title":"Single-blind placebo-controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Sida cordifolia Linn. in treatment of semen disorders (Sukra Kshaya) using semen and hormonal analysis","authors":"M. Gupta, A. Mondal","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.04054202004082020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.04054202004082020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sida cordifolia Linn. is a well-known medicinal plant which exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and sexual properties. It shows good promise in the treatment of male sexual disorders during its pre-clinical studies. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the spermatogenesis action of aqueous extract of roots of S. cordifolia Linn. in clinical trials. Materials and Methods: The study uses qualitative criteria such as primary and secondary symptoms, and quantitative investigations such as hematological investigations, hormonal analysis, and semen analysis for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of research formulation through placebo-controlled clinical trials on 50 males having lack of sexual desire and non-satisfactory sexual life. Results: Very high inhibition was noticed in respect of primary symptoms such as lack of libido, difficulty in ejaculation or little amount of semen, as well as secondary symptoms such as nausea, body ache, headache, indigestion, loss of appetite, and general weakness in the research group. Lack of any adverse changes in hematological parameters (blood sugar, hemoglobin, ESR, RBC, and WBC) and biochemical parameters (bilirubin, protein, SGPT, SGOT, and ALP) indicates the non-toxic nature of research formulation. The hormonal levels registered a significant increase during the clinical study in research group, especially the testosterone level (8.53%). Semen quality evaluated through sperm count, motility, and morphology showed a significant improvement in research group, suggesting that administration of research drug in cases of stress-related sexual problems protected healthy cells by reduced generation of ROS and helped maintain quality parameters of spermatozoa during spermatogenesis. Conclusion: The research formulation made from roots of S. cordifolia Linn. shows good and significant (P < 0.05) therapeutic efficacy through inhibition of primary and secondary symptoms and enhancement in hormonal and seminal parameters, validating its spermatogenesis effect without any toxic or adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"39 1","pages":"419-425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91019738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.12183202025122020
A. Dixit, P. Roy
The whole world is under the grip of the coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 pandemic and in India, the virus has wreaked havoc and the victory against the contagion seems a distant dream. A series of lockdowns were imposed in India at both central and state level to halt the spread of the virus, the repercussions of which have been drastic. The major brunt fell on the patients due to suspension of various health and public transport services amidst the lockdown. This could have been prevented by better planning and its implementation and systematic phased out lockdown measures.
{"title":"Impact of coronavirus disease-2019 and lockdown on non-coronavirus disease-2019 patients in India","authors":"A. Dixit, P. Roy","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.12183202025122020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.12183202025122020","url":null,"abstract":"The whole world is under the grip of the coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 pandemic and in India, the virus has wreaked havoc and the victory against the contagion seems a distant dream. A series of lockdowns were imposed in India at both central and state level to halt the spread of the virus, the repercussions of which have been drastic. The major brunt fell on the patients due to suspension of various health and public transport services amidst the lockdown. This could have been prevented by better planning and its implementation and systematic phased out lockdown measures.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81077573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.02034202018022020
A. Dubey, Davina Hijam, O. B. Devi, W. B. Devi, Suman Debnath
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown cause that affects the joints principally. The disease affects between 0.5% and 1% of the adult population worldwide. Two to three times as many women as men suffer from the disease. Osteocalcin (OC) is a small protein of 49 amino acids long. OC is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in bone. OC originates from osteoblasts and is deposited into bones or released into circulation, where it correlates with histological measures of bone formation. Bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a glycoprotein that is found on the surface of osteoblasts. This enzyme reflects the biosynthetic activity of these bone-forming cells. The presence of OC and ALP in the circulation may, therefore, provide a specific chemical index of osteoblastic activity. Objectives: This study was undertaken to estimate the values of serum OC and ALP among patients with RA and healthy control groups and to compare and find out any changes in levels of serum OC and ALP between the study and control groups. Materials and Methods: It was a casecontrol study done on 76 RA patients and 76 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Serum OC and serum ALP values were evaluated among all 76 cases and 76 controls. Serum OC was measured using immunoenzymatric assay and ALP was measured by colorimetric method. Statistical analysis was performed and results were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Mean ± standard deviation of serum OC level is significantly higher (P < 0.001) among cases (18.50 ± 8.72 ng/ml) than controls (9.98 ± 7.68 ng/ml). Similarly, the values of ALP are higher (P < 0.001) among cases (216.22 ± 59.96 IU/L) than controls (164.17 ± 50.70 IU/L). A significantly positive correlation was found between serum OC and serum ALP levels. Patient with the highest mean value of serum OC also has the highest values of ALP. The values of serum ALP and OC levels increase significantly in both early and late stages when compared with control values. Conclusions: A significant difference between the values of serum OC and ALP among cases and controls was seen in the study. Levels of both these parameters are elevated in subjects with RA compared to controls. Furthermore, the levels of serum OC correlated with the levels of serum ALP. This study demonstrates that increased bone formation is associated with RA together with bone resorption.
{"title":"Study of bone formation marker levels in rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"A. Dubey, Davina Hijam, O. B. Devi, W. B. Devi, Suman Debnath","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.02034202018022020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.02034202018022020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown cause that affects the joints principally. The disease affects between 0.5% and 1% of the adult population worldwide. Two to three times as many women as men suffer from the disease. Osteocalcin (OC) is a small protein of 49 amino acids long. OC is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in bone. OC originates from osteoblasts and is deposited into bones or released into circulation, where it correlates with histological measures of bone formation. Bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a glycoprotein that is found on the surface of osteoblasts. This enzyme reflects the biosynthetic activity of these bone-forming cells. The presence of OC and ALP in the circulation may, therefore, provide a specific chemical index of osteoblastic activity. Objectives: This study was undertaken to estimate the values of serum OC and ALP among patients with RA and healthy control groups and to compare and find out any changes in levels of serum OC and ALP between the study and control groups. Materials and Methods: It was a casecontrol study done on 76 RA patients and 76 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Serum OC and serum ALP values were evaluated among all 76 cases and 76 controls. Serum OC was measured using immunoenzymatric assay and ALP was measured by colorimetric method. Statistical analysis was performed and results were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Mean ± standard deviation of serum OC level is significantly higher (P < 0.001) among cases (18.50 ± 8.72 ng/ml) than controls (9.98 ± 7.68 ng/ml). Similarly, the values of ALP are higher (P < 0.001) among cases (216.22 ± 59.96 IU/L) than controls (164.17 ± 50.70 IU/L). A significantly positive correlation was found between serum OC and serum ALP levels. Patient with the highest mean value of serum OC also has the highest values of ALP. The values of serum ALP and OC levels increase significantly in both early and late stages when compared with control values. Conclusions: A significant difference between the values of serum OC and ALP among cases and controls was seen in the study. Levels of both these parameters are elevated in subjects with RA compared to controls. Furthermore, the levels of serum OC correlated with the levels of serum ALP. This study demonstrates that increased bone formation is associated with RA together with bone resorption.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"4 1","pages":"258-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78317917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.02037202026062020
O. Odunlade, M. Akinlosotu, P. Osho, T. Ogundele, Abiola Oboh, F. Akinkunmi
{"title":"Explanatory factors with knowledge, attitude, and practice of voluntary blood donation","authors":"O. Odunlade, M. Akinlosotu, P. Osho, T. Ogundele, Abiola Oboh, F. Akinkunmi","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.02037202026062020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.02037202026062020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"4 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79220856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.10161202002112020
A. Janahi, A. Ansari, H. Jahrami
{"title":"The prevalence of sleep problems among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder: A case-control study","authors":"A. Janahi, A. Ansari, H. Jahrami","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.10161202002112020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.10161202002112020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"115 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83467459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.07116202023072020
Rizwan Sharief, Afreen Mahaboob, P. MahaboobBasha
Background: Prenatal stress is unique due to range of problems and can affect the embryo/fetus beginning with conception. Gestational diabetes mellitus is the concern for expectant-mothers wherein glucose intolerance with consistent hyperglycemia is a threatening factor during pregnancy. Objectives: In the event of multiple stressors posing their effects on intrauterine life and placenta being the target of increased sympathetic tone during gestation, there is a possibility of functional vulnerabilities that may contribute to the pathogenesis in post-natal life. Studying brain regional discrepancies in offspring might help to know the prenatal stress-induced variation in the antioxidant barrier and promoted oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: The changes occurring in oxidative stress indices in discrete brain regions of rat offspring born as a consequential exposure to gestational diabetes (streptozotocin induction) and cold stress (15 and 20°C) are assessed in this study. Results: The findings specify the involvement of cold-stress provoked induction of higher degree oxidative stress within brain compartments as evidenced by a decrease in antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and GSH as well as increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde. Results highlight the synergistic actions of stressors due to the increased generation of free radicals. Cold stress at 15°C found to cause exacerbatory actions by depleting antioxidant enzymes in diabetic subjects than the exposures made at 20°C. Conclusion: The findings prove that cold stress is a crucial stimulus to a fetus during gestation and acts as a trigger of oxidative stress especially in diabetic subjects and can pose an adverse impact. These changes could partly explain the increased vulnerability of prenatally stressed subjects to functional disorders including deficits in memory and cognitive processes in later life.
{"title":"Consequential exposure to hypothermia in gestational diabetic rats induces oxidative changes in the brain of offspring","authors":"Rizwan Sharief, Afreen Mahaboob, P. MahaboobBasha","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.07116202023072020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.07116202023072020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prenatal stress is unique due to range of problems and can affect the embryo/fetus beginning with conception. Gestational diabetes mellitus is the concern for expectant-mothers wherein glucose intolerance with consistent hyperglycemia is a threatening factor during pregnancy. Objectives: In the event of multiple stressors posing their effects on intrauterine life and placenta being the target of increased sympathetic tone during gestation, there is a possibility of functional vulnerabilities that may contribute to the pathogenesis in post-natal life. Studying brain regional discrepancies in offspring might help to know the prenatal stress-induced variation in the antioxidant barrier and promoted oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: The changes occurring in oxidative stress indices in discrete brain regions of rat offspring born as a consequential exposure to gestational diabetes (streptozotocin induction) and cold stress (15 and 20°C) are assessed in this study. Results: The findings specify the involvement of cold-stress provoked induction of higher degree oxidative stress within brain compartments as evidenced by a decrease in antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and GSH as well as increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde. Results highlight the synergistic actions of stressors due to the increased generation of free radicals. Cold stress at 15°C found to cause exacerbatory actions by depleting antioxidant enzymes in diabetic subjects than the exposures made at 20°C. Conclusion: The findings prove that cold stress is a crucial stimulus to a fetus during gestation and acts as a trigger of oxidative stress especially in diabetic subjects and can pose an adverse impact. These changes could partly explain the increased vulnerability of prenatally stressed subjects to functional disorders including deficits in memory and cognitive processes in later life.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"20 1","pages":"407-413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84779720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.08135202027082020
M. Jayaraman, K. V. Leela, E. Rajalakshmi
Background: Two types of herpes simplex virus (HSV) HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV type 2 (HSV-2) can cause oral and genital infections, respectively. Superadded bacterial and fungal infections of HSV lesions are one of the complications seen in herpes simplex infections. Objective: The study aims to identify the super added bacterial and fungal infections in oral and genital herpes simplex infections. Materials and Methods: This is an observational study carried out at SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Tamil Nadu, India, from February 2019 to February 2020 after the Institutional Ethical committee approval. Patients with clinically suspected oral and genital herpes infections in all age groups are included in the study excluding neonates and infants. Under aseptic precautions vesicular fluid, blood and wound swabs were collected. Vesicular fluid examined by Tzanck smear for multinucleated giant cells, and Immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed in positive cases. Superadded bacterial and fungal infections identified using conventional culture and identification methods. Results: In this observational study, a total of 75 patients were screened for oral and genital herpes infection. Thirty-five (46.6%) were clinically positive. Out of the positive cases, Tzanck smear was positive in 17 (48.6%), superadded bacterial and fungal infections are seen in 18 (51.4%). The most common super added infections are Candida albicans 9 (50%), Candida non-albicans 4 (22.2%), Escherichia coli 2 (11%), Staphylococcus 1 (5.6%), Enterococcus 1 (5.6%), and Proteus mirabilis 1 (5.6%). Conclusion: Most common superadded infections associated with oral and genital herpes simplex infections are with Candida species, E. coli, and Staphylococcus.
{"title":"Superadded bacterial and fungal infections in oral and genital herpes simplex lesions","authors":"M. Jayaraman, K. V. Leela, E. Rajalakshmi","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.08135202027082020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.08135202027082020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Two types of herpes simplex virus (HSV) HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV type 2 (HSV-2) can cause oral and genital infections, respectively. Superadded bacterial and fungal infections of HSV lesions are one of the complications seen in herpes simplex infections. Objective: The study aims to identify the super added bacterial and fungal infections in oral and genital herpes simplex infections. Materials and Methods: This is an observational study carried out at SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Tamil Nadu, India, from February 2019 to February 2020 after the Institutional Ethical committee approval. Patients with clinically suspected oral and genital herpes infections in all age groups are included in the study excluding neonates and infants. Under aseptic precautions vesicular fluid, blood and wound swabs were collected. Vesicular fluid examined by Tzanck smear for multinucleated giant cells, and Immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed in positive cases. Superadded bacterial and fungal infections identified using conventional culture and identification methods. Results: In this observational study, a total of 75 patients were screened for oral and genital herpes infection. Thirty-five (46.6%) were clinically positive. Out of the positive cases, Tzanck smear was positive in 17 (48.6%), superadded bacterial and fungal infections are seen in 18 (51.4%). The most common super added infections are Candida albicans 9 (50%), Candida non-albicans 4 (22.2%), Escherichia coli 2 (11%), Staphylococcus 1 (5.6%), Enterococcus 1 (5.6%), and Proteus mirabilis 1 (5.6%). Conclusion: Most common superadded infections associated with oral and genital herpes simplex infections are with Candida species, E. coli, and Staphylococcus.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"226 1","pages":"468-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78476371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.09156202010102020
Dipen R. Damor, Mina D Varlekar, Hardika R Upaqdhyay, Mukesh S. Suvera, Nilay Thakore
Background: Deficiency of insulin generally causes diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder with elevated blood glucose levels. Practicing yoga and pranayama affects the secretion of insulin and glucagon through neurohormonal modulation. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to see 16 weeks yoga-asanas and pranayamas helpful in non-insulin-dependent DM (NIDDM) (Type II DM) management. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 participants of both gender between 35 and 60 years of age with NIDDM (Type II DM) subjects of at least 12 months duration, those on antidiabetic diet and oral hypoglycemic medicine were included in the study. After recording the baseline parameters (pre-intervention values), yoga and pranayama was practiced by all the participants once in a day, daily for 16 weeks. Blood sample for fasting blood sugar (FBS), post-prandial blood sugar (PPBS), glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and hemoglobin (Hb) was estimated at day 1 and at the end of each of the 4 months of the study period. After 16 weeks values were compared and analyzed. Results: Decreased FBS and PPBS values from 139.2 ± 16.6 and 174.1 ± 7.9 mg/dl to 96.8 ± 15.9 and 134.7 ± 8.4 mg/dl, respectively. HbA1C value decreased from 9.3 ± 1.0 to 6.9 ± 0.7. Hb value increased from 10.2 ± 1.3 to 12.6 ± 1.6. Conclusion: Our study provides yoga-asanas and pranayamas helpful in the NIDDM (Type II DM) management.
{"title":"Yoga-asanas and pranayama: Is it helpful in management non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","authors":"Dipen R. Damor, Mina D Varlekar, Hardika R Upaqdhyay, Mukesh S. Suvera, Nilay Thakore","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.09156202010102020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.09156202010102020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Deficiency of insulin generally causes diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder with elevated blood glucose levels. Practicing yoga and pranayama affects the secretion of insulin and glucagon through neurohormonal modulation. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to see 16 weeks yoga-asanas and pranayamas helpful in non-insulin-dependent DM (NIDDM) (Type II DM) management. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 participants of both gender between 35 and 60 years of age with NIDDM (Type II DM) subjects of at least 12 months duration, those on antidiabetic diet and oral hypoglycemic medicine were included in the study. After recording the baseline parameters (pre-intervention values), yoga and pranayama was practiced by all the participants once in a day, daily for 16 weeks. Blood sample for fasting blood sugar (FBS), post-prandial blood sugar (PPBS), glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and hemoglobin (Hb) was estimated at day 1 and at the end of each of the 4 months of the study period. After 16 weeks values were compared and analyzed. Results: Decreased FBS and PPBS values from 139.2 ± 16.6 and 174.1 ± 7.9 mg/dl to 96.8 ± 15.9 and 134.7 ± 8.4 mg/dl, respectively. HbA1C value decreased from 9.3 ± 1.0 to 6.9 ± 0.7. Hb value increased from 10.2 ± 1.3 to 12.6 ± 1.6. Conclusion: Our study provides yoga-asanas and pranayamas helpful in the NIDDM (Type II DM) management.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"71 1","pages":"540-543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76777637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.08132202024082020
Paphapin Pairojtanachai
Cystic fibrosis is a disease found predominantly in Caucasians. It is caused by an autosomal recessive mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The mutation(s) lead to defective CFTR proteins, or transmembrane cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent chloride channels found on the surface of epithelial cells. The respiratory system is most impacted by this abnormal phenotype, and lung disease can bring about the majority of the various issues that a cystic fibrosis patient has to deal with. Even so, due to the excess amount of mucus that is secreted, individuals diagnosed with cystic fibrosis experience complications in other organs as well. Today, newborn screening is widely used as a means of early diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, and there are also multiple other novel technologies that aim for accurate diagnosis and prevention of the disease. In addition, while traditional treatment programs are based on curing the symptoms that the patients exhibit, new regimens are directed at correcting the error that occurred at the molecular level. With improvements made in the medical field, cystic fibrosis patients are able to live longer and have a better quality of life. This review article serves as a compilation of the current knowledge on the causes of cystic fibrosis, the physiological processes associated with the disease, the techniques for diagnosis of the disease, and finally the recent and upcoming therapeutics for the disease.
{"title":"The pathological features of cystic fibrosis and the diagnostic techniques and treatments involved","authors":"Paphapin Pairojtanachai","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.08132202024082020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.08132202024082020","url":null,"abstract":"Cystic fibrosis is a disease found predominantly in Caucasians. It is caused by an autosomal recessive mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The mutation(s) lead to defective CFTR proteins, or transmembrane cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent chloride channels found on the surface of epithelial cells. The respiratory system is most impacted by this abnormal phenotype, and lung disease can bring about the majority of the various issues that a cystic fibrosis patient has to deal with. Even so, due to the excess amount of mucus that is secreted, individuals diagnosed with cystic fibrosis experience complications in other organs as well. Today, newborn screening is widely used as a means of early diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, and there are also multiple other novel technologies that aim for accurate diagnosis and prevention of the disease. In addition, while traditional treatment programs are based on curing the symptoms that the patients exhibit, new regimens are directed at correcting the error that occurred at the molecular level. With improvements made in the medical field, cystic fibrosis patients are able to live longer and have a better quality of life. This review article serves as a compilation of the current knowledge on the causes of cystic fibrosis, the physiological processes associated with the disease, the techniques for diagnosis of the disease, and finally the recent and upcoming therapeutics for the disease.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"452-458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77586428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.06086202021082020
M. Narendran, C SmithaM, J. Thomas, P. Kulkarni, R NarayanaMurthyM
Background: Despite improvements in immunization coverage during the 1990s, full immunization coverage for 1223 months according to National Family Health Survey 4 still remains low. To change the quality of care outcome within a system, quality improvement initiatives must first understand the causes contributing to the outcome and accordingly can administer the changes. Objectives: The objective of this study were as follows: (1) To understand the barriers to Routine Immunization among Caregivers and health personnel through participatory group discussions and (2) cocreation of a fishbone diagram illustrating the barriers, in an Urban Primary Health Center in Mysuru, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: The barriers to immunization were unveiled by participatory focus group discussions conducted among caregivers and health workers in an urban primary health center in Mysuru. A fishbone diagram depicting the root causes of delayed immunization/drop-outs was constructed with the participants. Results: The barriers include social factors, individual/family factors, barriers associated with private clinics, and problems in the public health system. The major cause was information system which did not reach the parents periodically by health workers, carelessness by the parents for delaying or skipping, migrating population, and non-accounting of child immunization in private clinics. Conclusion: Lack of timely administration and drop-outs of key childhood vaccines and improper functioning of the health system remains a major challenge in this area. An effective, regular, and universal monitoring of the sessions are necessary for appropriate action which is very much essential.
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