Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.06098202025072020
S. Pandian, M Vijaykarthikeyan, R. Umadevi
Background: The burden of the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing over the years. Worldwide, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality has been due to NCDs. Although NCDs are multifactorial, hypertension plays a major role as a risk factor. Lack of treatment adherence can lead to negative health consequences. Objectives: The objectives of the study were as follows: (1) To assess patients compliance to antihypertensive drugs; (2) to evaluate association between treatment compliance and sociodemographic determinants; and (3) to find out the factors responsible for non-adherence. Materials and Methods: This study was carried among 350 hypertensive patients in the rural field practice area of a medical college using simple random sampling method. The study population consists of hypertensive patients belonging to 2060 years of age. A pretested structured questionnaire containing Moriskys scale was used to assess patients adherence. Data analysis was done using SPSS (Version 22). Results: Nearly 53.7% of the study participants were female. The prevalence of treatment compliance was estimated to be 24.6%. Statistically significant association was observed between age, education, and socioeconomic status with adherence to hypertensive medications (P < 0.05). Many reasons were identified for non-adherence and they include cost of treatment (21.4 %), side effects (27.5%), alternative treatment (16%), lack of knowledge (32.8%), and multiple drugs (25%). Conclusion: The prevalence of 23.6% of patients being adherent to hypertensive medications was observed among the study population. It is necessary to strengthen treatment adherence by various health education campaigns and implementing various health programs.
{"title":"A cross-sectional study on the compliance to antihypertensive drugs in a rural area","authors":"S. Pandian, M Vijaykarthikeyan, R. Umadevi","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.06098202025072020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.06098202025072020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The burden of the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing over the years. Worldwide, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality has been due to NCDs. Although NCDs are multifactorial, hypertension plays a major role as a risk factor. Lack of treatment adherence can lead to negative health consequences. Objectives: The objectives of the study were as follows: (1) To assess patients compliance to antihypertensive drugs; (2) to evaluate association between treatment compliance and sociodemographic determinants; and (3) to find out the factors responsible for non-adherence. Materials and Methods: This study was carried among 350 hypertensive patients in the rural field practice area of a medical college using simple random sampling method. The study population consists of hypertensive patients belonging to 2060 years of age. A pretested structured questionnaire containing Moriskys scale was used to assess patients adherence. Data analysis was done using SPSS (Version 22). Results: Nearly 53.7% of the study participants were female. The prevalence of treatment compliance was estimated to be 24.6%. Statistically significant association was observed between age, education, and socioeconomic status with adherence to hypertensive medications (P < 0.05). Many reasons were identified for non-adherence and they include cost of treatment (21.4 %), side effects (27.5%), alternative treatment (16%), lack of knowledge (32.8%), and multiple drugs (25%). Conclusion: The prevalence of 23.6% of patients being adherent to hypertensive medications was observed among the study population. It is necessary to strengthen treatment adherence by various health education campaigns and implementing various health programs.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"414-418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84251737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.0823708112019
C. Nandini, K. Nagendra
Background: Advocacy, communication, and social mobilization addresses four key challenges such as improving case detection and treatment adherence, reducing stigma and discrimination, empowering tuberculosis (TB) patients, and mobilizing the resources and political commitment required to combat TB. A multipronged approach included activities to disseminate information through information, education, and communication materials, and simultaneously initiating community-based activities by actively involving and sensitizing communities on TB. Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To assess the awareness of communication and social mobilization activities among households in rural field practice area of Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shivamogga and (2) to know the preferred sources of communication and social mobilization activities among households in rural field practice area of Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shivamogga. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among households in rural field practice area of Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shivamogga. After taking approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee, data were collected by doing house-to-house visits until all the houses in that particular village were covered. After taking informed consent, every household willing to be a part of the study was subjected to personal interviews using a semi-structured and pre-tested questionnaire, which was initially developed in English, and all the questions were translated into local language Kannada for the target population. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: Of 100 households covered, females (74%) were more compared to males (26%), and among media information sources of TB; unaware (43%), television (TV) (26%), posters in health center (5%), and among community information source of TB; and unaware (34%), health-care provider (36%), and peers (11%). Most of them preferred TV and health-care providers as the priority to disseminate health education. Conclusion: The awareness of communication and social mobilization activities is very poor among rural people, which requires effective use of media information sources such as TV, radio, and digital innovations to convey the information with high priority to community participation in all social mobilization activities.
{"title":"A descriptive study to assess the awareness of communication and social mobilization activities for tuberculosis control among households in rural area of Shivamogga, Karnataka","authors":"C. Nandini, K. Nagendra","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.0823708112019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.0823708112019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Advocacy, communication, and social mobilization addresses four key challenges such as improving case detection and treatment adherence, reducing stigma and discrimination, empowering tuberculosis (TB) patients, and mobilizing the resources and political commitment required to combat TB. A multipronged approach included activities to disseminate information through information, education, and communication materials, and simultaneously initiating community-based activities by actively involving and sensitizing communities on TB. Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To assess the awareness of communication and social mobilization activities among households in rural field practice area of Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shivamogga and (2) to know the preferred sources of communication and social mobilization activities among households in rural field practice area of Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shivamogga. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among households in rural field practice area of Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shivamogga. After taking approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee, data were collected by doing house-to-house visits until all the houses in that particular village were covered. After taking informed consent, every household willing to be a part of the study was subjected to personal interviews using a semi-structured and pre-tested questionnaire, which was initially developed in English, and all the questions were translated into local language Kannada for the target population. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: Of 100 households covered, females (74%) were more compared to males (26%), and among media information sources of TB; unaware (43%), television (TV) (26%), posters in health center (5%), and among community information source of TB; and unaware (34%), health-care provider (36%), and peers (11%). Most of them preferred TV and health-care providers as the priority to disseminate health education. Conclusion: The awareness of communication and social mobilization activities is very poor among rural people, which requires effective use of media information sources such as TV, radio, and digital innovations to convey the information with high priority to community participation in all social mobilization activities.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85896069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.02024202008022020
R. Kumar, Anita Maurya, D. Singh, P. Dudeja
Background: High levels of stress and psychological morbidity occur in health-care professional students. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate psychological well-being, perceived stress level, and coping abilities among medical and paramedical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study carried out in a tertiary care hospital, West Uttar Pradesh, India. The total study period was from September 2019 to November 2019 with a sample of 145 medical students aged 1725 years and 81 paramedical students aged 1933 years. Ethical clearance was obtained from the College Ethical Committee. We used self-administered, three different types of validated tools for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: The median age of paramedical and medical trainees was 22 and 21 years, respectively. Family history of mental illness was 21% and 5.5%, respectively. On general health questionnaire-12 scale, 9% of paramedical trainees reported evidence of distress and 91% of severe problem and psychological distress while 19% of medical trainees having evidence of distress and 81% of severe problem and psychological distress. On perceived stress scale-10 (PSS-10) scale, 15% of paramedical trainees reported average level, 27% moderate level, and 55% high level of perceived stress while 2% of medical trainees having average, 19% moderate level, and 79% high level of perceived stress, respectively. The difference in mean score on PSS-10 and Brief COPE scale between paramedics and medical trainees group was found statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: We concluded the higher level of severe problem and psychological distress in the paramedical and high level of perceived stress in medical trainees. Paramedical trainees practice a better coping mechanism than medical trainees.
{"title":"Assessment of well-being and coping abilities among medical and paramedical trainees, in a Government Medical College, West Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"R. Kumar, Anita Maurya, D. Singh, P. Dudeja","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.02024202008022020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.02024202008022020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: High levels of stress and psychological morbidity occur in health-care professional students. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate psychological well-being, perceived stress level, and coping abilities among medical and paramedical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study carried out in a tertiary care hospital, West Uttar Pradesh, India. The total study period was from September 2019 to November 2019 with a sample of 145 medical students aged 1725 years and 81 paramedical students aged 1933 years. Ethical clearance was obtained from the College Ethical Committee. We used self-administered, three different types of validated tools for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: The median age of paramedical and medical trainees was 22 and 21 years, respectively. Family history of mental illness was 21% and 5.5%, respectively. On general health questionnaire-12 scale, 9% of paramedical trainees reported evidence of distress and 91% of severe problem and psychological distress while 19% of medical trainees having evidence of distress and 81% of severe problem and psychological distress. On perceived stress scale-10 (PSS-10) scale, 15% of paramedical trainees reported average level, 27% moderate level, and 55% high level of perceived stress while 2% of medical trainees having average, 19% moderate level, and 79% high level of perceived stress, respectively. The difference in mean score on PSS-10 and Brief COPE scale between paramedics and medical trainees group was found statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: We concluded the higher level of severe problem and psychological distress in the paramedical and high level of perceived stress in medical trainees. Paramedical trainees practice a better coping mechanism than medical trainees.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"390 1","pages":"229-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86775886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.08133202018082020
Tari Adrian, R. R. Lubis, A. Arma
Background: Ocular prosthesis is needed to replace the content of eyeball lost due to several factors. Adequate retention of ocular prosthesis requires an adequate upper and lower conjunctival fornix depth. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the association between the duration of using ocular prosthesis and upper and lower conjunctival fornix depth. Materials and Methods: A casecontrol study was conducted in 30 anophthalmic socket patients aged 2277 that using ocular prosthesis more than 6 months. The contralateral eye with healthy socket was chosen as a control group. Upper and lower conjunctival fornix depth were measure using fornicometer. We design a fornix depth measurer for objective measurement of upper and lower conjunctival fornix depth. Results: From 30 anophthalmic socket patients, males were about 14 times more often than female, with the average age that was 51. The mean upper conjunctival fornix depth in males was 10.8 ± 0.6 and lower conjunctival fornix depth was 6.2 ± 0.8. The mean upper conjunctival fornix depth in females was 10.80± 0.6 and lower conjunctival fornix depth was 5.5 ± 0.7. There is medium relationship between upper conjunctival fornix depth and the duration of using prosthesis (cc = −0.435; P = 0.016) and there is high relationship between lower conjunctival fornix depth and the duration of using prosthesis (cc = −0.551; P = 0.002). Conclusions: There was a significant association between the duration of using ocular prosthesis and upper and lower conjunctival fornix depth.
{"title":"The association between the duration of using ocular prosthesis and upper and lower conjunctival fornix depth","authors":"Tari Adrian, R. R. Lubis, A. Arma","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.08133202018082020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.08133202018082020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ocular prosthesis is needed to replace the content of eyeball lost due to several factors. Adequate retention of ocular prosthesis requires an adequate upper and lower conjunctival fornix depth. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the association between the duration of using ocular prosthesis and upper and lower conjunctival fornix depth. Materials and Methods: A casecontrol study was conducted in 30 anophthalmic socket patients aged 2277 that using ocular prosthesis more than 6 months. The contralateral eye with healthy socket was chosen as a control group. Upper and lower conjunctival fornix depth were measure using fornicometer. We design a fornix depth measurer for objective measurement of upper and lower conjunctival fornix depth. Results: From 30 anophthalmic socket patients, males were about 14 times more often than female, with the average age that was 51. The mean upper conjunctival fornix depth in males was 10.8 ± 0.6 and lower conjunctival fornix depth was 6.2 ± 0.8. The mean upper conjunctival fornix depth in females was 10.80± 0.6 and lower conjunctival fornix depth was 5.5 ± 0.7. There is medium relationship between upper conjunctival fornix depth and the duration of using prosthesis (cc = −0.435; P = 0.016) and there is high relationship between lower conjunctival fornix depth and the duration of using prosthesis (cc = −0.551; P = 0.002). Conclusions: There was a significant association between the duration of using ocular prosthesis and upper and lower conjunctival fornix depth.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"49 1","pages":"444-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91067083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.06101202003072020
Preet P. Khona, G. Sujatha
Background: Loss of sight of a person should not remain just a statistic but a personal tragedy, not only for the individual concerned but for all of us who claim to be concerned. With the introduction of universal eye health: A global action plan 20142019, dealing with a reduction in avoidable blindness across the world, this study would help in enlightening the present scenario in this region. Objective: The objective of the study was to know the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness among elderly in a rural area. Materials and Methods: All individuals aged 60 years and above residing in the area covered under Vantamuri Primary Health Centre (PHC), Belagavi, were selected for the study. A sample size of 620 was calculated and obtained by population proportionate sampling from five subcenters under Vantamuri PHC. Sociodemographic data were collected from the study subject with the help of pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire and detailed ocular examination was carried out. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness in our study was 28.07% and 2.90%, respectively. Female constituted more than half (61.11%) of blind individuals, whereas male (51.39%) dominated visual impairment. Cataract was the most common cause of visual impairment and blindness. Conclusion: Blindness was more common among elderly female compared to male. Cataract being the most common cause for visual impairment, it can be prevented by more coverage and better health care services in the rural area.
{"title":"Visual impairment and blindness among elderly in rural area of North Karnataka - A cross-sectional study","authors":"Preet P. Khona, G. Sujatha","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.06101202003072020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.06101202003072020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Loss of sight of a person should not remain just a statistic but a personal tragedy, not only for the individual concerned but for all of us who claim to be concerned. With the introduction of universal eye health: A global action plan 20142019, dealing with a reduction in avoidable blindness across the world, this study would help in enlightening the present scenario in this region. Objective: The objective of the study was to know the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness among elderly in a rural area. Materials and Methods: All individuals aged 60 years and above residing in the area covered under Vantamuri Primary Health Centre (PHC), Belagavi, were selected for the study. A sample size of 620 was calculated and obtained by population proportionate sampling from five subcenters under Vantamuri PHC. Sociodemographic data were collected from the study subject with the help of pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire and detailed ocular examination was carried out. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness in our study was 28.07% and 2.90%, respectively. Female constituted more than half (61.11%) of blind individuals, whereas male (51.39%) dominated visual impairment. Cataract was the most common cause of visual impairment and blindness. Conclusion: Blindness was more common among elderly female compared to male. Cataract being the most common cause for visual impairment, it can be prevented by more coverage and better health care services in the rural area.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80984047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.0203115022020
R. Ali, Eman Roshdy
Background: The last years spectacle an increase in the number of full-time nursing students joining in paid work, and the number of working hours during the study that may affect students health, the causes for the increasing numbers of full-time students in paid work are usually approved to be driven from increasing the expenses related to study and the fluctuations in the funding system. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, magnitude, and nature of part-time work among undergraduate nursing students of Faculty of Nursing and students of Nursing Institute at Sohag University. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was performed through the academic year 20182019. Results: The prevalence of part-time work among the studied nursing students was 41.3%, the associated factors which found to be significant in contributing for working among students are being male (P < 0.001; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.1; 95% [CI: 2.194.7]), and father having basic education only (P = 0.02; AOR 2.3; 95% [CI: 1.392.7]) was independently associated with students employment. About 56.9% of the participants work for financial support and 32.4% work to gain experience; exposure to physical hazards and biological hazards was the utmost common health hazards reported by working nursing students, musculoskeletal complaints were the most recurrent occupational health effects (80%). Conclusion: Working among nursing students becomes a common phenomenon that has a positive and negative impact, it leads to gaining clinical experience among students through working but at the same time, they are at a risk of exposure to physical, biological, and mechanical hazards.
{"title":"Part-time work among nursing students of Sohag University, Egypt","authors":"R. Ali, Eman Roshdy","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.0203115022020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.0203115022020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The last years spectacle an increase in the number of full-time nursing students joining in paid work, and the number of working hours during the study that may affect students health, the causes for the increasing numbers of full-time students in paid work are usually approved to be driven from increasing the expenses related to study and the fluctuations in the funding system. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, magnitude, and nature of part-time work among undergraduate nursing students of Faculty of Nursing and students of Nursing Institute at Sohag University. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was performed through the academic year 20182019. Results: The prevalence of part-time work among the studied nursing students was 41.3%, the associated factors which found to be significant in contributing for working among students are being male (P < 0.001; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.1; 95% [CI: 2.194.7]), and father having basic education only (P = 0.02; AOR 2.3; 95% [CI: 1.392.7]) was independently associated with students employment. About 56.9% of the participants work for financial support and 32.4% work to gain experience; exposure to physical hazards and biological hazards was the utmost common health hazards reported by working nursing students, musculoskeletal complaints were the most recurrent occupational health effects (80%). Conclusion: Working among nursing students becomes a common phenomenon that has a positive and negative impact, it leads to gaining clinical experience among students through working but at the same time, they are at a risk of exposure to physical, biological, and mechanical hazards.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"49 1","pages":"242-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91394885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.1030821112019
Suman Panda, B. Satyanarayan, H. Sinha, S. Trivedi, S. K. Prasad
Although miliary tuberculosis (TB) is uncommon in pregnancy, it is difficult to diagnose when present and is often associated with a maternal history of intravenous drug abuse, malignancy, alcoholism, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. TB in pregnancy can present with non-pulmonary symptoms, making the diagnosis and treatment challenging. We report a case of military TB in a lady with advanced pregnancy who presented with fever and cough without any history of exposure to TB patient. There was no history of alcoholism, intravenous drug abuse, or any other risk factors. Sputum for acid-fast bacilli stains and HIV screening were negative. The patient was started on anti-TB treatment after blood investigations ruled out other causes of fever and chest radiograph was suggestive of miliary TB. Confirming the diagnosis of miliary TB is an arduous process requiring a high index of suspicion. During pregnancy, histopathologic examination of tissue biopsy and GeneXpert may facilitate making an early diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB.
{"title":"Atypical cause of fever in advanced pregnancy","authors":"Suman Panda, B. Satyanarayan, H. Sinha, S. Trivedi, S. K. Prasad","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.1030821112019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.1030821112019","url":null,"abstract":"Although miliary tuberculosis (TB) is uncommon in pregnancy, it is difficult to diagnose when present and is often associated with a maternal history of intravenous drug abuse, malignancy, alcoholism, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. TB in pregnancy can present with non-pulmonary symptoms, making the diagnosis and treatment challenging. We report a case of military TB in a lady with advanced pregnancy who presented with fever and cough without any history of exposure to TB patient. There was no history of alcoholism, intravenous drug abuse, or any other risk factors. Sputum for acid-fast bacilli stains and HIV screening were negative. The patient was started on anti-TB treatment after blood investigations ruled out other causes of fever and chest radiograph was suggestive of miliary TB. Confirming the diagnosis of miliary TB is an arduous process requiring a high index of suspicion. During pregnancy, histopathologic examination of tissue biopsy and GeneXpert may facilitate making an early diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"10 1","pages":"106-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75437727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.1131621112019
S. Dutta, Anjan Bera, S. Mandal, Debojyoti Manna, Aparajita Sadhya, Linkon Biswas, J. Saha
Background: In adults most common intracranial malignant lesion is brain metastasis, far outnumbering primary brain tumor. The most common primary site is lung cancer (1864%), followed by breast (2521%), malignant melanoma (416%), and colorectal cancer (212%). It is hypothesized that the incidence of brain metastasis might be increasing, as a result of increasing survival from recent advance in cancer treatment, more frequent brain screening for specific primary malignancy that known to have a higher prediction for brain metastasis and greater availability and use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain. In clinical oncology, understanding brain metastasis is important, because it has profound effect on length of survival, quality of life, and in one-third to one-half of affected patients, they represent the direct cause of death despite current improvement in therapeutic approach. Epidemiological data of brain metastasis are lacking in India. Objectives: Aims of our retrospective analysis are to study epidemiology and pattern of care of brain metastasis over last one decade in Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata. Materials and Methods: Between 2006 and December 2017, a total of 710 patients of brain metastasis treated in our department with palliative intent were analyzed retrospectively. New-onset neurological symptoms in a known case of cancer we always presumed that, symptoms were due to brain metastasis until proven otherwise. Hence, all patients presenting with acute neurological signs and symptoms underwent through clinical examination, contrast-enhanced (CE) computed tomography brain, and/or CEMRI of brain. Epidemiology, pattern of care, and outcome in the form of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival were determined. Results: Fifty-seven percent patients were male. The median age was 62 years at the time of diagnosis. Lung carcinoma was most common primary site seen in 52% patients, followed by carcinoma breast second most common primary site, seen in 32% patients. Headache (73%) and motor weakness were most common presenting symptoms. Supratentorial location most common site, out of which parietal region is most common. The only small number of patients was offered best supportive care alone whereas majority of the patients were considered fit for palliative therapy. Treatment consisted of metastasectomy when possible and palliative whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) alone or followed by systemic therapy. Optimal supportive care in addition to chemotherapy or radiotherapy is given to all patients. A total of 254 patients were given blood product, erythropoietin, granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor following chemotherapy. Hospitalization required in 71% patients and tumor-related problem was most common cause (46%). Remaining patients were hospitalized for delivery WBRT or CCT. The median OS is 9 months. Patients with younger age and breast primary associated with better prognosis than lung p
{"title":"Pattern of care and epidemiology of brain metastasis over past 10 years: A retrospective study from tertiary cancer center","authors":"S. Dutta, Anjan Bera, S. Mandal, Debojyoti Manna, Aparajita Sadhya, Linkon Biswas, J. Saha","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.1131621112019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.1131621112019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In adults most common intracranial malignant lesion is brain metastasis, far outnumbering primary brain tumor. The most common primary site is lung cancer (1864%), followed by breast (2521%), malignant melanoma (416%), and colorectal cancer (212%). It is hypothesized that the incidence of brain metastasis might be increasing, as a result of increasing survival from recent advance in cancer treatment, more frequent brain screening for specific primary malignancy that known to have a higher prediction for brain metastasis and greater availability and use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain. In clinical oncology, understanding brain metastasis is important, because it has profound effect on length of survival, quality of life, and in one-third to one-half of affected patients, they represent the direct cause of death despite current improvement in therapeutic approach. Epidemiological data of brain metastasis are lacking in India. Objectives: Aims of our retrospective analysis are to study epidemiology and pattern of care of brain metastasis over last one decade in Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata. Materials and Methods: Between 2006 and December 2017, a total of 710 patients of brain metastasis treated in our department with palliative intent were analyzed retrospectively. New-onset neurological symptoms in a known case of cancer we always presumed that, symptoms were due to brain metastasis until proven otherwise. Hence, all patients presenting with acute neurological signs and symptoms underwent through clinical examination, contrast-enhanced (CE) computed tomography brain, and/or CEMRI of brain. Epidemiology, pattern of care, and outcome in the form of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival were determined. Results: Fifty-seven percent patients were male. The median age was 62 years at the time of diagnosis. Lung carcinoma was most common primary site seen in 52% patients, followed by carcinoma breast second most common primary site, seen in 32% patients. Headache (73%) and motor weakness were most common presenting symptoms. Supratentorial location most common site, out of which parietal region is most common. The only small number of patients was offered best supportive care alone whereas majority of the patients were considered fit for palliative therapy. Treatment consisted of metastasectomy when possible and palliative whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) alone or followed by systemic therapy. Optimal supportive care in addition to chemotherapy or radiotherapy is given to all patients. A total of 254 patients were given blood product, erythropoietin, granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor following chemotherapy. Hospitalization required in 71% patients and tumor-related problem was most common cause (46%). Remaining patients were hospitalized for delivery WBRT or CCT. The median OS is 9 months. Patients with younger age and breast primary associated with better prognosis than lung p","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73825236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.12343201930062020
B. Singh, Kirti Singh, R. Khanna, R. Meena
Background: It is still difficult to diagnose tuberculosis as a source of abdominal pain. Due to the lack of non-invasive diagnostic testing, the diagnosis remains a problem. Determining the role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in ascitic fluid in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis, we can conclude whether it is sensitive/specific or not and further its use in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the role of PCR in ascitic fluid in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis and also to correlate the ADA levels of ascitic fluid with the PCR report. Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative study includes 41 clinically suspected abdominal tuberculosis patients (age range 1565 years) over a period of 2 years. A detailed history, clinical evaluation, and relevant investigations, including radiology, were done in all patients. Bacteriological or histological approaches had to support the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis, and PCR was also tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in ascitic fluid. Results: The mean age of patients was 31.71±12.32 years with male:female ratio was 1.4:1. PCR was positive in 24 (58.8%) cases. A receiver operating characteristic curve showed that a cutoff value of 35.3 IU/L (AUC 0.998, P < 0.001) for the ADA level produced the best results as a diagnostic test for abdominal tuberculosis, yielding the following parameter values: Sensitivity 100%, specificity 94.1%, positive predictive value 96%, negative predictive value 100%, and diagnostic accuracy 97.56%. ADA values were significantly elevated during abdominal tuberculosis, indicating that ADA can still be a valuable diagnostic tool. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that ascitic fluid PCR is a safe tool for diagnosing it and should be tried at least before surgical intervention.
背景:诊断结核是否为腹痛的原因仍然很困难。由于缺乏无创诊断测试，诊断仍然是一个问题。测定腹水聚合酶链反应(PCR)在诊断腹水结核中的作用，可以判断其是否敏感/特异性，并进一步应用于腹水结核的诊断。目的:本研究的目的是确定腹水PCR在腹结核诊断中的作用，并将腹水ADA水平与PCR报告联系起来。材料与方法:本前瞻性比较研究纳入41例临床疑似腹部结核患者(年龄15 ~ 65岁)，为期2年。对所有患者进行详细的病史、临床评估和相关调查，包括影像学检查。细菌学或组织学方法必须支持腹部结核的诊断，PCR也用于腹水结核分枝杆菌的检测。结果:患者平均年龄为31.71±12.32岁，男女比例为1.4:1。PCR阳性24例(58.8%)。受试者工作特征曲线显示，ADA水平的临界值为35.3 IU/L (AUC 0.998, P < 0.001)，作为腹结核的诊断指标效果最佳，其参数值为:敏感性100%，特异性94.1%，阳性预测值96%，阴性预测值100%，诊断准确率97.56%。腹结核期间ADA值显著升高，表明ADA仍可作为一种有价值的诊断工具。结论:腹水PCR是一种安全的诊断手段，至少应在手术前尝试。
{"title":"Role of polymerase chain reaction of ascitic fluid and its correlation with adenosine deaminase levels in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis","authors":"B. Singh, Kirti Singh, R. Khanna, R. Meena","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.12343201930062020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.12343201930062020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is still difficult to diagnose tuberculosis as a source of abdominal pain. Due to the lack of non-invasive diagnostic testing, the diagnosis remains a problem. Determining the role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in ascitic fluid in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis, we can conclude whether it is sensitive/specific or not and further its use in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the role of PCR in ascitic fluid in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis and also to correlate the ADA levels of ascitic fluid with the PCR report. Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative study includes 41 clinically suspected abdominal tuberculosis patients (age range 1565 years) over a period of 2 years. A detailed history, clinical evaluation, and relevant investigations, including radiology, were done in all patients. Bacteriological or histological approaches had to support the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis, and PCR was also tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in ascitic fluid. Results: The mean age of patients was 31.71±12.32 years with male:female ratio was 1.4:1. PCR was positive in 24 (58.8%) cases. A receiver operating characteristic curve showed that a cutoff value of 35.3 IU/L (AUC 0.998, P < 0.001) for the ADA level produced the best results as a diagnostic test for abdominal tuberculosis, yielding the following parameter values: Sensitivity 100%, specificity 94.1%, positive predictive value 96%, negative predictive value 100%, and diagnostic accuracy 97.56%. ADA values were significantly elevated during abdominal tuberculosis, indicating that ADA can still be a valuable diagnostic tool. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that ascitic fluid PCR is a safe tool for diagnosing it and should be tried at least before surgical intervention.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"124 1","pages":"368-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75808980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2020.05058202062042020
S ArpithaV, P. Patil, N. Pradeep
Background: COVID-19 outbreak has been declared as pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. Globally more than 16 lakh cases have been reported, affecting nearly 195 nations till April 12th 2020. Health authorities have initiated measures to create awareness and to control the spread. Objectives: To assess the Knowledge and practices of general public towards COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among general public residing in Karnataka. Online questioner was prepared and circulated in social media and responses were collected during March 2020. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.0, descriptive statistics were calculated. Knowledge scores and practices with socio-demographic profile were done using Independent t test, one-way ANOVA and Chi-square test. Results: A total of 1048 responses were received. Majority were males (61.3%), married (57.4%), of age 2040 years (79.4%) and held a bachelor degree (53.1%). The mean knowledge score for COVID 19 was 11.7 ± 2.07. There was a statistically significant difference of knowledge score among various socio-demographic variable like age (P = 0.009), gender (P = 0.001), educational status (P = 0.00) and marital status (P = 0.00). Majority of the study participants preferred consulting a doctor 964 (91.84%) when they have symptoms like fever and cough. 68 (6.4%) of the study participants had been to crowded places in recent times. 974 (92.9%) and 843 (80.5%) update their knowledge and prefer wearing mask outside the home respectively. Conclusion: More than three-fourth of the participants had adequate knowledge and around 90% of the participants had satisfactory practices towards COVID-19.
{"title":"Assessment of knowledge and practice towards COVID-19 amid inhabitants of Karnataka","authors":"S ArpithaV, P. Patil, N. Pradeep","doi":"10.5455/ijmsph.2020.05058202062042020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2020.05058202062042020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 outbreak has been declared as pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. Globally more than 16 lakh cases have been reported, affecting nearly 195 nations till April 12th 2020. Health authorities have initiated measures to create awareness and to control the spread. Objectives: To assess the Knowledge and practices of general public towards COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among general public residing in Karnataka. Online questioner was prepared and circulated in social media and responses were collected during March 2020. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.0, descriptive statistics were calculated. Knowledge scores and practices with socio-demographic profile were done using Independent t test, one-way ANOVA and Chi-square test. Results: A total of 1048 responses were received. Majority were males (61.3%), married (57.4%), of age 2040 years (79.4%) and held a bachelor degree (53.1%). The mean knowledge score for COVID 19 was 11.7 ± 2.07. There was a statistically significant difference of knowledge score among various socio-demographic variable like age (P = 0.009), gender (P = 0.001), educational status (P = 0.00) and marital status (P = 0.00). Majority of the study participants preferred consulting a doctor 964 (91.84%) when they have symptoms like fever and cough. 68 (6.4%) of the study participants had been to crowded places in recent times. 974 (92.9%) and 843 (80.5%) update their knowledge and prefer wearing mask outside the home respectively. Conclusion: More than three-fourth of the participants had adequate knowledge and around 90% of the participants had satisfactory practices towards COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":14153,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"300-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84969452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：