Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100731
Sang-Hyun Park , Young-Jae Yu , Sang-Rai Cho , Jong Il Lim , Jin Ung Kim , Seung Ha Lee , Kwang Hee Yun , Jung Kyu Song
Accurate strength prediction for submarine pressure hulls fabricated from high-yield-strength (HYS) steels like HY-80 is critical, yet publicly available experimental data remains scarce. This study experimentally investigates the collapse behavior of a scaled, ring-stiffened HY-80 cylinder. Material properties and initial geometric imperfections were characterized using tensile tests and 3D scanning, respectively. During hydrostatic testing, the model experienced an initial collapse at 5.05 MPa via local shell buckling in Bay #3, correlating strongly with the largest measured imperfections. Subsequent repressurization induced an overall buckling mode involving Bays #3, #4, and #5 at 4.98 MPa. A comparison of the 5.05 MPa experimental result with estimations from various design codes revealed significant discrepancies, with prediction-to-experiment ratios ranging from 0.75 to 1.12. This study provides crucial benchmark data underscoring the impact of imperfections, which is vital for validating numerical models and assessing the reliability of current design standards for HYS applications.
{"title":"An experimental and numerical study on the hydrostatic collapse of a scaled HY-80 pressure hull","authors":"Sang-Hyun Park , Young-Jae Yu , Sang-Rai Cho , Jong Il Lim , Jin Ung Kim , Seung Ha Lee , Kwang Hee Yun , Jung Kyu Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate strength prediction for submarine pressure hulls fabricated from high-yield-strength (HYS) steels like HY-80 is critical, yet publicly available experimental data remains scarce. This study experimentally investigates the collapse behavior of a scaled, ring-stiffened HY-80 cylinder. Material properties and initial geometric imperfections were characterized using tensile tests and 3D scanning, respectively. During hydrostatic testing, the model experienced an initial collapse at 5.05 MPa via local shell buckling in Bay #3, correlating strongly with the largest measured imperfections. Subsequent repressurization induced an overall buckling mode involving Bays #3, #4, and #5 at 4.98 MPa. A comparison of the 5.05 MPa experimental result with estimations from various design codes revealed significant discrepancies, with prediction-to-experiment ratios ranging from 0.75 to 1.12. This study provides crucial benchmark data underscoring the impact of imperfections, which is vital for validating numerical models and assessing the reliability of current design standards for HYS applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100743
Yun-jae Kim , Jin Seok Lim , Hae Jong Kim , Sung-Woong Choi
{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘A comprehensive review of foundation designs for fixed offshore wind turbines’ [Int. J. Nav. Archit. Ocean Eng. 17 (2025) 100643]","authors":"Yun-jae Kim , Jin Seok Lim , Hae Jong Kim , Sung-Woong Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2026.100743","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100736
Chang Hwan Jang , Shin Hyung Kim , Nak-Kyun Cho , Seungjun Kim , Do Kyun Kim
Heat transfer analysis in ships handling LNG as cargo or fuel at extremely low temperatures has two purposes, i.e., 1) to select steel grades based on temperature distribution to protect the hull structure from extremely low-temperature cargo and 2) to obtain the boil-off rate (BOR) by calculating the amount of heat flowing into the cargo hold. For a typical LNG carrier (LNGC), the heat transfer model can be simplified by introducing the overall heat transfer coefficient, which enables easy and fast heat transfer analysis. However, as various ships and containers for transporting and storing cryogenic cargoes or fuels such as LNG were developed, a heat transfer analysis program that could be applied to various and complex shapes became necessary. Methods and programs considering various hull structures and complex shapes have been proposed and developed. The concept of the finite element method was introduced to consider various shapes in heat transfer analysis. The hull and surrounding space are divided into panels and spaces, and heat transfer problems can be solved in 2D or 3D by defining line, plane, and volume elements. The basic heat transfer equations were derived by defining a unit heat transfer model consisting of one panel and two spaces and a unit heat balance model consisting of one space and multiple panels. The heat transfer equations of the unit models were assembled into the equations of the entire model, and the equations were solved using matrix operations. Heat transfer analysis for LNG ships was performed using the developed program to calculate temperature distribution and BOR. Analysis models for various types of LNG ships were created to verify the applicability and usability of the program. Additionally, we reviewed issues that may be considered in the heat transfer analysis of ships.
{"title":"Development of a heat transfer analysis program by an efficient and simplified numerical technique: Application to LNGC","authors":"Chang Hwan Jang , Shin Hyung Kim , Nak-Kyun Cho , Seungjun Kim , Do Kyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat transfer analysis in ships handling LNG as cargo or fuel at extremely low temperatures has two purposes, i.e., 1) to select steel grades based on temperature distribution to protect the hull structure from extremely low-temperature cargo and 2) to obtain the boil-off rate (BOR) by calculating the amount of heat flowing into the cargo hold. For a typical LNG carrier (LNGC), the heat transfer model can be simplified by introducing the overall heat transfer coefficient, which enables easy and fast heat transfer analysis. However, as various ships and containers for transporting and storing cryogenic cargoes or fuels such as LNG were developed, a heat transfer analysis program that could be applied to various and complex shapes became necessary. Methods and programs considering various hull structures and complex shapes have been proposed and developed. The concept of the finite element method was introduced to consider various shapes in heat transfer analysis. The hull and surrounding space are divided into panels and spaces, and heat transfer problems can be solved in 2D or 3D by defining line, plane, and volume elements. The basic heat transfer equations were derived by defining a unit heat transfer model consisting of one panel and two spaces and a unit heat balance model consisting of one space and multiple panels. The heat transfer equations of the unit models were assembled into the equations of the entire model, and the equations were solved using matrix operations. Heat transfer analysis for LNG ships was performed using the developed program to calculate temperature distribution and BOR. Analysis models for various types of LNG ships were created to verify the applicability and usability of the program. Additionally, we reviewed issues that may be considered in the heat transfer analysis of ships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100717
Mu-Yeong Seo , Kwang-Jun Paik , Won-Jun Yoo , Sanghyun Kim , Soo-Yeon Kwon
The technologies for autonomous navigation are steadily being developed for the International Maritime Organization level 4 fully unmanned ships. Autonomous surface ships must comply with the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), which requires them to perceive and judge their situation and generate a collision avoidance path for safe navigation. While COLREGs are designed to prevent collisions between individual vessels, they do not provide clear criteria for when to initiate collision avoidance, which is why maritime collisions continue to occur. This study analyzed the collision avoidance timing of navigators using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data and applied the findings to the collision avoidance system of autonomous ships. A machine learning approach was employed using a decision tree model to classify collision avoidance timing rules, which were then integrated into the collision avoidance system of autonomous surface ships. By analyzing collision avoidance timing through a machine learning model, a system was developed to determine avoidance points in various scenarios. The effectiveness of the proposed system was validated through simulations conducted in diverse and complex environments.
{"title":"A study on the avoidance timing of autonomous surface ships through machine learning","authors":"Mu-Yeong Seo , Kwang-Jun Paik , Won-Jun Yoo , Sanghyun Kim , Soo-Yeon Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The technologies for autonomous navigation are steadily being developed for the International Maritime Organization level 4 fully unmanned ships. Autonomous surface ships must comply with the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), which requires them to perceive and judge their situation and generate a collision avoidance path for safe navigation. While COLREGs are designed to prevent collisions between individual vessels, they do not provide clear criteria for when to initiate collision avoidance, which is why maritime collisions continue to occur. This study analyzed the collision avoidance timing of navigators using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data and applied the findings to the collision avoidance system of autonomous ships. A machine learning approach was employed using a decision tree model to classify collision avoidance timing rules, which were then integrated into the collision avoidance system of autonomous surface ships. By analyzing collision avoidance timing through a machine learning model, a system was developed to determine avoidance points in various scenarios. The effectiveness of the proposed system was validated through simulations conducted in diverse and complex environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100658
Chongfei Sun , Huaiyu Teng , Xiaoyan Ma , Hailong Chen , Liming Sun , Cun Shao , Fei Cao , Hengxu Liu
The increasing global demand for marine resource exploration, maritime rights protection, and deep-sea engineering applications highlights the need for the diversification of marine engineering equipment and the expansion of its deep-sea capabilities, presenting significant technical and economic value. As the use of small-scale marine engineering equipment in deep-sea environments becomes more prevalent, optimizing energy supply methods for such equipment is critical to ensure their durability and efficiency in complex marine conditions. This paper proposes an Inertial Tilting Electromagnetic-Triboelectric Hybrid Energy Converter (ITHEC), which efficiently harvests energy from ocean waves to power small marine engineering devices. A comprehensive design and optimization framework was developed for this energy converter. This framework was based on theoretical analysis and simulations of structural dynamics and characteristics. Validation experiments were conducted using a custom-built structural characteristics testing platform. The results showed that under horizontal harmonic motion excitation with an amplitude of d = 60 mm and a frequency of f = 1.5Hz, the open-circuit voltages of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and electromagnetic generator (EMG) reached 60V and 0.23V, respectively, with short-circuit currents of 1.3 μA and 2.2 mA, and peak power densities of 1.18 mW/m2 and 0.51 mW/m2. When arrayed, the hybrid energy converter can meet the operating current requirements of small marine sensors. This study offers an innovative solution for energy supply challenges in small marine equipment and establishes the practical viability of hybrid power systems for marine energy harvesting.
{"title":"Numerical and experimental investigation of an Inertial Tilting hybrid wave energy converter for powering small-scale marine systems","authors":"Chongfei Sun , Huaiyu Teng , Xiaoyan Ma , Hailong Chen , Liming Sun , Cun Shao , Fei Cao , Hengxu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing global demand for marine resource exploration, maritime rights protection, and deep-sea engineering applications highlights the need for the diversification of marine engineering equipment and the expansion of its deep-sea capabilities, presenting significant technical and economic value. As the use of small-scale marine engineering equipment in deep-sea environments becomes more prevalent, optimizing energy supply methods for such equipment is critical to ensure their durability and efficiency in complex marine conditions. This paper proposes an Inertial Tilting Electromagnetic-Triboelectric Hybrid Energy Converter (ITHEC), which efficiently harvests energy from ocean waves to power small marine engineering devices. A comprehensive design and optimization framework was developed for this energy converter. This framework was based on theoretical analysis and simulations of structural dynamics and characteristics. Validation experiments were conducted using a custom-built structural characteristics testing platform. The results showed that under horizontal harmonic motion excitation with an amplitude of d = 60 mm and a frequency of <em>f</em> = 1.5Hz, the open-circuit voltages of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and electromagnetic generator (EMG) reached 60V and 0.23V, respectively, with short-circuit currents of 1.3 μA and 2.2 mA, and peak power densities of 1.18 mW/m<sup>2</sup> and 0.51 mW/m<sup>2</sup>. When arrayed, the hybrid energy converter can meet the operating current requirements of small marine sensors. This study offers an innovative solution for energy supply challenges in small marine equipment and establishes the practical viability of hybrid power systems for marine energy harvesting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100709
Yi Eun Kim , Hee Yeong Yang , Yeong Je Kim , Joo Shin Park , Dong Hun Lee , Sang Jin Kim , Do Kyun Kim
This study presents an empirical formula for predicting the ultimate compressive strength of curved plates incorporating welding-induced defects, with the objective of enhancing structural design for Ocean Mobility applications. The proposed formula uniquely considers both initial deflection and welding residual stress, two major sources of imperfection. It introduces the plate slenderness ratio (β) and the flank angle (θ, in radians) as internal variables. It enables the prediction of ultimate strength across eight representative scenarios, defined by combinations of welding direction, loading condition, initial deflection level, and residual stress distribution. The results indicate that welding residual stress can reduce the ultimate strength by up to 10 %, and the proposed formula demonstrates high accuracy with an average deviation within 0.1 % from FEM results. This research improves existing design equations by systematically incorporating the effects of welding defects, and the proposed formula may serve as a reliable tool for accurate ultimate strength assessment in the structural design of welded curved plates.
{"title":"Welding residual stress of curved plate: Development of empirical formula for predicting ultimate compressive strength","authors":"Yi Eun Kim , Hee Yeong Yang , Yeong Je Kim , Joo Shin Park , Dong Hun Lee , Sang Jin Kim , Do Kyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an empirical formula for predicting the ultimate compressive strength of curved plates incorporating welding-induced defects, with the objective of enhancing structural design for Ocean Mobility applications. The proposed formula uniquely considers both initial deflection and welding residual stress, two major sources of imperfection. It introduces the plate slenderness ratio (<em>β</em>) and the flank angle (<em>θ</em>, in radians) as internal variables. It enables the prediction of ultimate strength across eight representative scenarios, defined by combinations of welding direction, loading condition, initial deflection level, and residual stress distribution. The results indicate that welding residual stress can reduce the ultimate strength by up to 10 %, and the proposed formula demonstrates high accuracy with an average deviation within 0.1 % from FEM results. This research improves existing design equations by systematically incorporating the effects of welding defects, and the proposed formula may serve as a reliable tool for accurate ultimate strength assessment in the structural design of welded curved plates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100707
Agnieszka Lazarowska
The development of Autonomous Navigation Systems (ANS) constitutes a milestone in the process leading to the achievement of the autonomous operation of different vehicles, such as cars, aircrafts, mobile robots and ships. Obstacle avoidance is a vital task that has to be included in the process of the development of such system. The paper introduces a path planning method to be applied in the Maritime Intelligent Transportation Systems (M-ITS). The method uses the safety indicators such as the Distance at the Closest Point of Approach (DCPA), the Time to the Closest Point of Approach (TCPA), the Bow Crossing Range (BCR) and the Bow Crossing Time (BCT). The method considers the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) and safety zones (domains) around target ships. The deterministic nature of the algorithm guarantees the repeatability of solutions for every run of the algorithm with the same input data and very short run-time. The approach was compared with two other algorithms, one deterministic and one heuristic. Results of 100 test cases with different complexity (simple encounters defined in the COLREGs as well as multi-ship encounters with up to 20 target ships) were compared in the paper. The algorithm searches for a solution in a cascade manner, what allows for the achievement of competitive results as compared to other algorithms maintaining short run time. These features allow to apply this collision avoidance (COLAV) method in commercial systems of autonomous ships and Unmanned Surface Vessels (USVs).
{"title":"Safe path planning for autonomous ships based on the point of potential collision concept","authors":"Agnieszka Lazarowska","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of Autonomous Navigation Systems (ANS) constitutes a milestone in the process leading to the achievement of the autonomous operation of different vehicles, such as cars, aircrafts, mobile robots and ships. Obstacle avoidance is a vital task that has to be included in the process of the development of such system. The paper introduces a path planning method to be applied in the Maritime Intelligent Transportation Systems (M-ITS). The method uses the safety indicators such as the Distance at the Closest Point of Approach (DCPA), the Time to the Closest Point of Approach (TCPA), the Bow Crossing Range (BCR) and the Bow Crossing Time (BCT). The method considers the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) and safety zones (domains) around target ships. The deterministic nature of the algorithm guarantees the repeatability of solutions for every run of the algorithm with the same input data and very short run-time. The approach was compared with two other algorithms, one deterministic and one heuristic. Results of 100 test cases with different complexity (simple encounters defined in the COLREGs as well as multi-ship encounters with up to 20 target ships) were compared in the paper. The algorithm searches for a solution in a cascade manner, what allows for the achievement of competitive results as compared to other algorithms maintaining short run time. These features allow to apply this collision avoidance (COLAV) method in commercial systems of autonomous ships and Unmanned Surface Vessels (USVs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100643
Yun-jae Kim , Jin Seok Lim , Hae Jong Kim , Sung-Woong Choi
In the present study, technical challenges and their corresponding solutions for each type of foundation—gravity-based, monopile, jacket, tripod, and suction bucket—used in wind turbines were addressed with consideration to different water depths. Along with presenting challenges and their solutions for each foundation, the present study proposed optimizing solutions and methods for addressing these challenges, including numerical approaches and empirical methods derived from field testing. These include enhancing structural stability, improving installation efficiency, and utilizing advanced structural analysis techniques to predict and mitigate environmental impacts. Finally, research cases demonstrating improvements in foundations through shape modifications are summarized. This paper focuses on addressing and proposing an optimal design approach to achieve cost reduction, improved stiffness, and weight minimization. Notably, hybrid foundations incorporating friction wheels achieved a 300% increase in ultimate bearing capacity, while optimization techniques accounting for environmental loads resulted in approximately a 38.24% reduction in foundation weight.
{"title":"A comprehensive review of foundation designs for fixed offshore wind turbines","authors":"Yun-jae Kim , Jin Seok Lim , Hae Jong Kim , Sung-Woong Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, technical challenges and their corresponding solutions for each type of foundation—gravity-based, monopile, jacket, tripod, and suction bucket—used in wind turbines were addressed with consideration to different water depths. Along with presenting challenges and their solutions for each foundation, the present study proposed optimizing solutions and methods for addressing these challenges, including numerical approaches and empirical methods derived from field testing. These include enhancing structural stability, improving installation efficiency, and utilizing advanced structural analysis techniques to predict and mitigate environmental impacts. Finally, research cases demonstrating improvements in foundations through shape modifications are summarized. This paper focuses on addressing and proposing an optimal design approach to achieve cost reduction, improved stiffness, and weight minimization. Notably, hybrid foundations incorporating friction wheels achieved a 300% increase in ultimate bearing capacity, while optimization techniques accounting for environmental loads resulted in approximately a 38.24% reduction in foundation weight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-05-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100665
Guoshou Zhao , Heng Liu , Rui Wu , Ning Liang , Linlin Cao
The propulsion pump is widely employed in ocean engineering to generate thrust for surface or underwater vehicles. The cascade provides a simplified way to investigate the flow dynamics inside a propulsion pump considering specific parameters such as solidity and blade stagger. This work develops the foil generation method by in-house code through parametrically controlling the maximum and its position of camber and thickness, the influence of which on the performance obtained by numerical simulation is studied by the multiple statistical regression covering linear and interaction terms. For isolated hydrofoils, the interaction of maximum thickness and its position plays a major role in determining the performance. For cascade configurations with variable foils, besides the thickness interaction terms, other terms influencing lift and drag are not unified for different angles of attack. The solidity insignificantly affects the regression terms. For the cascade with the fixed foils, the solidity, axial velocity, and incidence angle all have an impact on the cascade foil's performance. The statistical loading distributions show that the isolated foil is a typical head-loading type, and the cascade foil is a body-loading type. The cascade cavitation dynamics indicate that a higher solidity and incidence angle would depress the cavitation development owing to the adjacent foil interference. This research aims to provide an instructive guide on pump blade design.
{"title":"Statistical study of cascade hydrodynamics and cavitation dynamics in propulsion pumps","authors":"Guoshou Zhao , Heng Liu , Rui Wu , Ning Liang , Linlin Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2025.100665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The propulsion pump is widely employed in ocean engineering to generate thrust for surface or underwater vehicles. The cascade provides a simplified way to investigate the flow dynamics inside a propulsion pump considering specific parameters such as solidity and blade stagger. This work develops the foil generation method by in-house code through parametrically controlling the maximum and its position of camber and thickness, the influence of which on the performance obtained by numerical simulation is studied by the multiple statistical regression covering linear and interaction terms. For isolated hydrofoils, the interaction of maximum thickness and its position plays a major role in determining the performance. For cascade configurations with variable foils, besides the thickness interaction terms, other terms influencing lift and drag are not unified for different angles of attack. The solidity insignificantly affects the regression terms. For the cascade with the fixed foils, the solidity, axial velocity, and incidence angle all have an impact on the cascade foil's performance. The statistical loading distributions show that the isolated foil is a typical head-loading type, and the cascade foil is a body-loading type. The cascade cavitation dynamics indicate that a higher solidity and incidence angle would depress the cavitation development owing to the adjacent foil interference. This research aims to provide an instructive guide on pump blade design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2024.100641
Jooho Lee, Seonhong Kim, Jihwan Shin, Jaemoon Yoon, Jinheong Ahn, Minjae Kim
Development of submarine and its safe operational envelope requires an understanding of motion characteristics including emergency rising motion. In this study, the emergency rising motion is investigated using submarine free-running model equipped with ballast systems. The emergency rising test was conducted according to the initial vehicle speed, yaw rate, depth, ballast water discharge ratio and time interval between bow and stern ballast systems. Experimental results reveal that the maximum pitch angle before surface is affected by initial velocity and the operation conditions of ballast systems. In addition, excessive roll occurs after the surface when the submarine passes through the water surface at a negative pitch angle. Furthermore, the system parameters that comprise the emergency rising model are estimated using the collected test data. The identified model is verified by comparing emergency rising simulation with the free-running model test results.
{"title":"Experiment and modeling of submarine emergency rising motion using free-running model","authors":"Jooho Lee, Seonhong Kim, Jihwan Shin, Jaemoon Yoon, Jinheong Ahn, Minjae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2024.100641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2024.100641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Development of submarine and its safe operational envelope requires an understanding of motion characteristics including emergency rising motion. In this study, the emergency rising motion is investigated using submarine free-running model equipped with ballast systems. The emergency rising test was conducted according to the initial vehicle speed, yaw rate, depth, ballast water discharge ratio and time interval between bow and stern ballast systems. Experimental results reveal that the maximum pitch angle before surface is affected by initial velocity and the operation conditions of ballast systems. In addition, excessive roll occurs after the surface when the submarine passes through the water surface at a negative pitch angle. Furthermore, the system parameters that comprise the emergency rising model are estimated using the collected test data. The identified model is verified by comparing emergency rising simulation with the free-running model test results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14160,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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