International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献

英文中文

The wear behavior of (Ti, W, Mo, Cr) (C, N)-based cermet under a wide load range

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107122

Ziyuyang Zheng , Lu Wang , Yuan Dong , Keji Yue , Renquan Wang , Chang Liu , Ying Liu

The solid solution carbonitride -based cermet such as (Ti, M)(C, N)-based cermet (M represents transition metals) with low mismatch interfaces, hold significant potential to application in molds, cutting tools, and other wear-resistant parts. However, their wear behavior and mechanisms under reciprocating sliding contact and wide load range remain unclear. Herein, we investigate the unlubricated tribological behavior and wear mechanisms of (Ti, W, Mo, Cr)(C, N)-based cermet at a wide load range from 5 N to 100 N. Under low load, (Ti, M)(C, N)-based cermet exhibits excellent wear resistance compared to traditional Ti(C, N)-based cermet. The low friction coefficient and wear rate are attributed to the synergistic effects of transition metal oxides, particularly the self-lubricating properties of molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃). Under high loads, the wear mechanism changes from the formation and failure of oxide layers, to accelerated abrasive wear and subsequently to an extremely slow wear caused by the Al-rich adhesive layer generated from elemental transformation between the tribo-couples. Furthermore, the strong interfacial bonding helps prevent crack growth between the core and rim phases. This study provides a theoretical basis and guidance for further improving the wear resistance of (Ti, M)(C, N)-based cermets and expending their potential application domains.

{"title":"The wear behavior of (Ti, W, Mo, Cr) (C, N)-based cermet under a wide load range","authors":"Ziyuyang Zheng , Lu Wang , Yuan Dong , Keji Yue , Renquan Wang , Chang Liu , Ying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The solid solution carbonitride -based cermet such as (Ti, M)(C, N)-based cermet (M represents transition metals) with low mismatch interfaces, hold significant potential to application in molds, cutting tools, and other wear-resistant parts. However, their wear behavior and mechanisms under reciprocating sliding contact and wide load range remain unclear. Herein, we investigate the unlubricated tribological behavior and wear mechanisms of (Ti, W, Mo, Cr)(C, N)-based cermet at a wide load range from 5 N to 100 N. Under low load, (Ti, M)(C, N)-based cermet exhibits excellent wear resistance compared to traditional Ti(C, N)-based cermet. The low friction coefficient and wear rate are attributed to the synergistic effects of transition metal oxides, particularly the self-lubricating properties of molybdenum trioxide (MoO<sub>3</sub>). Under high loads, the wear mechanism changes from the formation and failure of oxide layers, to accelerated abrasive wear and subsequently to an extremely slow wear caused by the Al-rich adhesive layer generated from elemental transformation between the tribo-couples. Furthermore, the strong interfacial bonding helps prevent crack growth between the core and rim phases. This study provides a theoretical basis and guidance for further improving the wear resistance of (Ti, M)(C, N)-based cermets and expending their potential application domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An experimental study for ductile mode control on cemented carbide micro-milling

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107119

Daniel Figueiredo , B. Guimarães , Tiago E.F. Silva , Cristina M. Fernandes , J. Paulo Davim

Micro-milling of hard materials can be an efficient processing technique to attain high-precision parts in difficult-to-machine metal matrix composites, such as cemented carbide. Despite their brittle mechanical behavior, within specific operational conditions plastic-flow (ductile) cutting occurs, enabling significant technological advances on ultra-precision machines and components. This brittle-to-ductile threshold (which has been defined based on grinding operations) depends on material properties, such as the elastic modulus, material hardness and fracture toughness of the tool-workpiece materials pair. Despite the similar process size scale, grinding and micro-milling significantly differ on how well defined the cutting edges are, and the control of micro-milling operations towards stable ductile cutting is still rather unexplored. In the present work, micro-milling of WC-15wt.%Co sintered samples was performed with diamond coated end mills, confirming the influence of a ductile-to-brittle threshold on the cutting regime. Critical scale effects and structure-related behavior were also confirmed, as well as the impact of edge radius optimization with laser sharpened coating. A positive effect on machined surface quality was observed when ductile cutting regime mode was applied, likewise the effect of edge radius control with laser sharpness technology. Scanning electron microscopy and micro 3D topography were used to evaluate the machined surface microstructure features after different machining conditions, The experimental study confirmed the ability to control the cutting regime during micro milling of cemented carbide, the great impact of the edge radius on the ploughing effect and the ability to apply laser edge treatment as a solution to control this scale effect, however, the sharp edges promoted a reduction in the quality of the machined surfaces.

{"title":"An experimental study for ductile mode control on cemented carbide micro-milling","authors":"Daniel Figueiredo , B. Guimarães , Tiago E.F. Silva , Cristina M. Fernandes , J. Paulo Davim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-milling of hard materials can be an efficient processing technique to attain high-precision parts in difficult-to-machine metal matrix composites, such as cemented carbide. Despite their brittle mechanical behavior, within specific operational conditions plastic-flow (ductile) cutting occurs, enabling significant technological advances on ultra-precision machines and components. This brittle-to-ductile threshold (which has been defined based on grinding operations) depends on material properties, such as the elastic modulus, material hardness and fracture toughness of the tool-workpiece materials pair. Despite the similar process size scale, grinding and micro-milling significantly differ on how well defined the cutting edges are, and the control of micro-milling operations towards stable ductile cutting is still rather unexplored. In the present work, micro-milling of WC-15wt.%Co sintered samples was performed with diamond coated end mills, confirming the influence of a ductile-to-brittle threshold on the cutting regime. Critical scale effects and structure-related behavior were also confirmed, as well as the impact of edge radius optimization with laser sharpened coating. A positive effect on machined surface quality was observed when ductile cutting regime mode was applied, likewise the effect of edge radius control with laser sharpness technology. Scanning electron microscopy and micro 3D topography were used to evaluate the machined surface microstructure features after different machining conditions, The experimental study confirmed the ability to control the cutting regime during micro milling of cemented carbide, the great impact of the edge radius on the ploughing effect and the ability to apply laser edge treatment as a solution to control this scale effect, however, the sharp edges promoted a reduction in the quality of the machined surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon-mediated interface structure and mechanical properties in TiB2-WC cermets: From microstructure to performance

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107118

Fengdan Xue , Haojun Zhou , Ning Wu , Lei Zhang

We systematically investigated the influence of carbon content (0–1.05 wt%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB₂-WC-based cermets prepared via vacuum liquid-phase sintering. Carbon addition facilitated oxide impurity reduction and enhanced wettability between the liquid binder and ceramic particles, promoting TiB₂ and WC dissolution-precipitation within the CoNi binder. This led to the formation of a distinctive TiB₂ core-(Ti, W, Co, Ni)(B, C) rim structure with coherent interfaces. The optimal carbon content of 0.60 wt% yielded superior mechanical properties: transversal rupture strength of 1578 ± 26 MPa, indentation fracture toughness of 11.05 ± 0.31 MPa·m^1/2, and hardness of 20.12 ± 0.17 GPa. However, excessive carbon content increased W atom concentration in the CoNi binder, inducing solid solution hardening that compromised overall toughness.

引用次数: 0

Joint performance and hierarchical behavior of WC-10Co/B318 steel dissimilar resistance welds with different V-groove depths

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107111

Lingyu Chen , Chong Zhang , Hui Long

Resistance welding provides unique advantages over other joining processes in combining a small portion of cemented carbide with a large part of steel for the purpose of applying carbide band saw blades and achieving the effect of cost reduction, material savings, and increased efficiency. Based on previous studies, this research examines how V-groove depth affects the quality of resistance-welded WC-10Co and B318 steel joints in order to improve the service life of carbide band saw blades. The joints' shear force, welding process, macroscopic morphology, microstructure, fracture, microhardness, and toughness are explored to reveal joint performance and hierarchical behavior. The results show that the joint with a V3 groove has a higher and more stable shear force among the three investigated V-groove depths due to the smaller interfacial reaction layer and less WC-10Co loss. High-speed photographic results reflect differences in the location and amount of heat production in the three types of joints, corresponding to the microstructure and fracture morphology. A deeper groove depth results in high utilization of Ni, less welding slag encapsulating the WC-10Co, and reduced cracks. The joint's microstructure and fracture morphology exhibit ellipsoidal and fishbone-like structures, demonstrating a hierarchical behavior between the ellipsoidal and fishbone-like structures. This hierarchical behavior is mainly attributed to the interactions among Ni, W, Co, C, and molten Fe and elemental migration, with the formation mechanism explained by the structural evolution schematic, which has never been mentioned in other studies. Accordingly, the V3 groove provides the optimal groove depth as it delivers the best joint performance by combining. This study provides experimental data and theoretical references for the actual machining of carbide band saw blades.

{"title":"Joint performance and hierarchical behavior of WC-10Co/B318 steel dissimilar resistance welds with different V-groove depths","authors":"Lingyu Chen , Chong Zhang , Hui Long","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resistance welding provides unique advantages over other joining processes in combining a small portion of cemented carbide with a large part of steel for the purpose of applying carbide band saw blades and achieving the effect of cost reduction, material savings, and increased efficiency. Based on previous studies, this research examines how V-groove depth affects the quality of resistance-welded WC-10Co and B318 steel joints in order to improve the service life of carbide band saw blades. The joints' shear force, welding process, macroscopic morphology, microstructure, fracture, microhardness, and toughness are explored to reveal joint performance and hierarchical behavior. The results show that the joint with a V3 groove has a higher and more stable shear force among the three investigated V-groove depths due to the smaller interfacial reaction layer and less WC-10Co loss. High-speed photographic results reflect differences in the location and amount of heat production in the three types of joints, corresponding to the microstructure and fracture morphology. A deeper groove depth results in high utilization of Ni, less welding slag encapsulating the WC-10Co, and reduced cracks. The joint's microstructure and fracture morphology exhibit ellipsoidal and fishbone-like structures, demonstrating a hierarchical behavior between the ellipsoidal and fishbone-like structures. This hierarchical behavior is mainly attributed to the interactions among Ni, W, Co, C, and molten Fe and elemental migration, with the formation mechanism explained by the structural evolution schematic, which has never been mentioned in other studies. Accordingly, the V3 groove provides the optimal groove depth as it delivers the best joint performance by combining. This study provides experimental data and theoretical references for the actual machining of carbide band saw blades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of initial notch wear during turning of stainless steel with CVD Al2O3/Ti(C,N) coated cemented carbide tools

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107116

Larissa Juliana Sirtuli , Denis Boing , Volodymyr Bushlya , Susanne Norgren

Notch wear often determines tool life when machining stainless steel. Chemical Vapour Deposited (CVD) Al₂O₃/Ti(C,N) coated cemented carbide tools are the first recommendation for turning of stainless steel. The CVD coating plays a vital role in reducing and delaying tool wear progress. Hence, it is essential to understand the interaction between the initiation of notch wear and the coating degradation. However, most publications have focused on studying the progression of notch wear rather than the initiation of notch. Thus, this work investigates the initial notch wear in two fundamentally different alumina-based CVD coatings. The first coating system is composed of κ-Al₂O₃ multilayers separated by thin TiN layers. The second coating system is a solid layer of textured (0001) α-Al₂O₃. Both coatings have a Ti(C,N) underlayer. The coated WC-Co cutting tools were assessed from 0.3 to 16 m of face turning in AISI 316Ti. The results showed that the notch wear started already at 0.3 m (equal to 0.3 s) of engagement length in the multilayer κ-Al₂O₃-TiN/Ti(C,N) coated tool and at 1 m (1 s) in the textured α-Al₂O₃/Ti(C,N) coated tool. The wear marks show signs of substantial mechanical and/or thermal loads in the notch region already after the first centimetres in cut. The initial notch wear occurred as a coating brittle fracture. Adhered stainless steel on the tools suggests that adhesion contributed to initial notch wear. The results of this work promote a better understanding and problem formulation of the fundamental mechanism of notch wear formation when using CVD-coated tools in stainless steel turning.

{"title":"Study of initial notch wear during turning of stainless steel with CVD Al2O3/Ti(C,N) coated cemented carbide tools","authors":"Larissa Juliana Sirtuli , Denis Boing , Volodymyr Bushlya , Susanne Norgren","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Notch wear often determines tool life when machining stainless steel. Chemical Vapour Deposited (CVD) Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Ti(C,N) coated cemented carbide tools are the first recommendation for turning of stainless steel. The CVD coating plays a vital role in reducing and delaying tool wear progress. Hence, it is essential to understand the interaction between the initiation of notch wear and the coating degradation. However, most publications have focused on studying the progression of notch wear rather than the initiation of notch. Thus, this work investigates the initial notch wear in two fundamentally different alumina-based CVD coatings. The first coating system is composed of κ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> multilayers separated by thin TiN layers. The second coating system is a solid layer of textured (0001) α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Both coatings have a Ti(C,N) underlayer. The coated WC-Co cutting tools were assessed from 0.3 to 16 m of face turning in AISI 316Ti. The results showed that the notch wear started already at 0.3 m (equal to 0.3 s) of engagement length in the multilayer κ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-TiN/Ti(C,N) coated tool and at 1 m (1 s) in the textured α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Ti(C,N) coated tool. The wear marks show signs of substantial mechanical and/or thermal loads in the notch region already after the first centimetres in cut. The initial notch wear occurred as a coating brittle fracture. Adhered stainless steel on the tools suggests that adhesion contributed to initial notch wear. The results of this work promote a better understanding and problem formulation of the fundamental mechanism of notch wear formation when using CVD-coated tools in stainless steel turning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fabrication of wear-resistant diamond/Ni-based composite coatings via induction brazing

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107098

Qilong Wu , Huawei Sun , Hongwei Zhao , Lei Zhang , Yujia Li , Zhipeng Sun

Recently, the preparation of diamond-metal composite coatings has garnered significant attention from researchers. This paper presents a brazing process for diamond‑nickel-based composite coatings. The effects of brazing temperature and holding time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coating were investigated. The results indicate that the diamond‑nickel-based composite coating is defect-free and demonstrates excellent wear resistance under optimal parameters. The composite coating primarily consists of diamond, γ-Ni, Cr₂C₃, and M₇C_3，other phases such as Ni3C, FeNi, etc. may also be present. As brazing temperature and holding time increase, the diffusion layer between the coating and steel substrate thickens, the microstructure of the brazing alloy coarsens, and cracks eventually form. At a brazing temperature of 1050 °C and a holding time of 15 s, the average wear mass loss of the coating was just 166.3 mg, indicating excellent abrasive wear resistance.

{"title":"Fabrication of wear-resistant diamond/Ni-based composite coatings via induction brazing","authors":"Qilong Wu , Huawei Sun , Hongwei Zhao , Lei Zhang , Yujia Li , Zhipeng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, the preparation of diamond-metal composite coatings has garnered significant attention from researchers. This paper presents a brazing process for diamond‑nickel-based composite coatings. The effects of brazing temperature and holding time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coating were investigated. The results indicate that the diamond‑nickel-based composite coating is defect-free and demonstrates excellent wear resistance under optimal parameters. The composite coating primarily consists of diamond, γ-Ni, Cr<sub>2</sub>C<sub>3</sub>, and M<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3，</sub>other phases such as Ni3C, Fe<img>Ni, etc. may also be present. As brazing temperature and holding time increase, the diffusion layer between the coating and steel substrate thickens, the microstructure of the brazing alloy coarsens, and cracks eventually form. At a brazing temperature of 1050 °C and a holding time of 15 s, the average wear mass loss of the coating was just 166.3 mg, indicating excellent abrasive wear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107098"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving Cu-network structure of W@20Cu composites by ultrasonic-assisted particles rearrangement

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107101

Qingchuan Zou , Xin Yu , Meng Li , Xizhong An , Yuming Zhou , Chao Zhang

This work reports a simple method to improve the connectivity of Cu-network structure in W@20Cu composites with Cu-coated W powders. W@20Cu composites, featuring an interpenetrating W and Cu network structure, were sintered via an ultrasonic-assisted reorganization process of W@20Cu microcapsules. The rearrangement process of ultrasonic vibration in these microcapsules was investigated through numerical simulation. As-sintered W@20Cu composites after ultrasonic-assisted filling of W@20Cu microcapsules exhibit uniform microstructure with a Cu enrichment ratio 54.5 % lower and hardness uniformity 45 % better than the counterparts without ultrasonic vibration, as well as the high tensile strength of 316 MPa and the compressive strength of 448 MPa. This processing strategy can realize precise control of Cu-network structure without increasing the process complexity, providing useful experiences and references for fabricating high-performance WCu composites.

引用次数: 0

Investigation on microstructures of typical particles in plasma spheroidized WC-Co powder

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107110

Jiacheng Li , Qiaoyun Shen , Zhenhua Hao , Rulong Ma , Pei Wang , Yongchun Shu , Jilin He

Spheroidized WC-Co powder has more complex morphologies than other spherical powders. To investigate this phenomenon, this study divides spheroidized WC-Co powder into five categories based on the morphologies of WC grains and whether the WC grains were completely melted in plasma torch and discusses in detail their surface morphologies and formation mechanisms. It is found that the growth mechanisms of the typical particle A during spheroidization are dissolution-precipitation and aggregation and growth mechanisms. Furthermore, typical particle B has high spherical shapes, and its increased free carbon content suppresses the anisotropic growth of WC grains, leading to a transformation of the WC grains from needle-like to fine grains. Finally, typical particle C has coalescence of WC grains, and the free carbon may accumulate on the surface of black particle to form a shell, which can cause blurred SEM images.

引用次数: 0

Hardmetals with Ru-containing multi-element binders: Composition, constitution and phase formation

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107102

Lena Maria Dorner , Raquel De Oro Calderon , Wolf-Dieter Schubert , Ralph Useldinger

In spite of the rather high cost of Ru, CoRu binders are commonly used by the industry for the production of cemented carbides with performance demands at high temperatures. In a recent study it was shown that the solubility of W in Co-binders is considerably increased by the addition of Ru (both at low and at high carbon contents), which can significantly affect aspects such as grain growth inhibition, hardness, corrosion resistance and high temperature strength. The present work has extended the study to further binder chemistries: Co, Ni, CoNi and CoNiCr, which have been evaluated both with and without Ru additions. The results indicate that Ru additions increase the solubility of elements like W and Cr for all binder chemistries, both at low and at high carbon contents. The solubility of W is the lowest in the Cr-containing systems (CoNiCr and CoNiCrRu), however, due to the presence of Cr, the total amount of elements in solution is the highest from all binders. The results clearly demonstrate that the WC growth behaviour is significantly affected by the chemistry of the binder system, i.e. the chemical environment of the growing WC grains, which is strongly linked with the chemical activity of carbon in the system.

{"title":"Hardmetals with Ru-containing multi-element binders: Composition, constitution and phase formation","authors":"Lena Maria Dorner , Raquel De Oro Calderon , Wolf-Dieter Schubert , Ralph Useldinger","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In spite of the rather high cost of Ru, CoRu binders are commonly used by the industry for the production of cemented carbides with performance demands at high temperatures. In a recent study it was shown that the solubility of W in Co-binders is considerably increased by the addition of Ru (both at low and at high carbon contents), which can significantly affect aspects such as grain growth inhibition, hardness, corrosion resistance and high temperature strength. The present work has extended the study to further binder chemistries: Co, Ni, CoNi and CoNiCr, which have been evaluated both with and without Ru additions. The results indicate that Ru additions increase the solubility of elements like W and Cr for all binder chemistries, both at low and at high carbon contents. The solubility of W is the lowest in the Cr-containing systems (CoNiCr and CoNiCrRu), however, due to the presence of Cr, the total amount of elements in solution is the highest from all binders. The results clearly demonstrate that the WC growth behaviour is significantly affected by the chemistry of the binder system, i.e. the chemical environment of the growing WC grains, which is strongly linked with the chemical activity of carbon in the system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compressive performance and defects healing behavior of pure tungsten fabricated by LPBF coupled with subsequent hot isostatic pressing

IF 4.2 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107100

Jie Mao , Zichun Wu , Nan Ye , Xiaoqiang Wen , Fan Zhang , Wentan Zhu , Ziyi Gong , Jiancheng Tang

Additively manufactured pure tungsten parts are prone to defects such as gas pores, lack of fusions, and cracks, which significantly confines its wider application. Here, the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment was employed to improve the microdefects using high temperature and high pressure conditions. The microstructure evolution and compressive performance were systematically investigated. The results revealed that the HIP treatment contributed to filling the gas pores and lack of fusions, and healing the crack to discontinuous chain-like pores. The grain size ascended with the more concentrated distribution at both views, and the texture orientation evolved towards the 〈101〉 and 〈111〉, accompanied by the weaker 〈001〉. In addition, the LAGBs penetrated the HGABs storing the strain energy required for crack propagation. The compressive performance of additively manufactured pure tungsten was significantly enhanced, with the compressive strength increasing from 944 MPa to 1263 MPa (about 33.8 %) and the compressive strain rising from 11.0 % to 16.0 % (around 45.4 %). These results aid in offering another way to understand the micro defects and heal them of pure tungsten or other refractory metals.

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