International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献_第3页

Unlubricated fretting wear of a hard B12(C,Si,B)3–SiC composite reactively sintered from B4C with Si aids B4C与Si助剂反应烧结的硬质B12(C,Si，B) 3-SiC复合材料无润滑微动磨损

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107707

Antonio Fernández-Ortiz, Victor Zamora, Fernando Guiberteau, Angel L. Ortiz

The fretting wear behaviour of a hard B₁₂(C,Si,B)₃–SiC composite fabricated by reactive spark plasma sintering (SPS) at only 1400 °C from B₄C with 20 vol% Si aids was evaluated under 1-N and 5-N loads without lubrication against three ceramic materials of different hardness (diamond, Al₂O₃., and borosilicate glass). The results were compared with those of B₄C monoliths SPS-ed at 1400 °C and 2000 °C. First, the B₁₂(C,Si,B)₃–SiC composite exhibited lower wear under the 1-N load than under the 5-N load, and its specific fretting rate (SFR) increased with decreasing hardness of the counterpart, which was attributed to greater damage of the latter causing rougher contacts with more abundant wear debris. Nevertheless, the composite demonstrated excellent fretting resistance, having undergone very mild two-body abrasion against diamond (SFR = 10⁻⁷–10⁻⁸ mm³/(N·m)) and very mild or mild three-body abrasion against Al₂O₃ (SFR = 10⁻⁷ mm³/(N·m)) and borosilicate glass (SFR = 10⁻⁶ mm³/(N·m)). Second, owing to its fully dense, fine-grained duplex microstructure and high hardness (28.7 ± 0.8 GPa), the B₁₂(C,Si,B)₃–SiC composite exhibited a significantly higher fretting resistance than the porous B₄C monolith SPS-ed using the same cycle and slightly higher fretting resistance than the well-densified, super-hard (35.6 ± 0.8 GPa) B₄C monolith SPS-ed at 2000 °C, with the added advantage of requiring a substantially lower SPS temperature.

采用反应放电等离子烧结（SPS）技术，以B4C为原料，添加20 vol% Si助剂，在1400°C下制备了一种硬质B12(C,Si，B) 3-SiC复合材料，在1 n和5 n载荷下，对三种不同硬度的陶瓷材料（金刚石，Al2O3）进行了微动磨损性能评价。硼硅酸盐玻璃)。在1400°C和2000°C时，将结果与B4C单片ps -ed进行了比较。首先，B12(C,Si，B) 3-SiC复合材料在1 n载荷下的磨损比5 n载荷下的磨损更小，其比微动率（SFR）随硬度的降低而增加，这是由于后者的损伤更大，接触更粗糙，磨损碎屑更丰富。然而，复合材料表现出优异的抗微动性能，对金刚石（SFR = 10−7 - 10−8 mm3/(N·m)）有非常轻微的两体磨损，对氧化铝（SFR = 10−7 mm3/(N·m)）和硼硅玻璃（SFR = 10−6 mm3/(N·m)）有非常轻微或轻微的三体磨损。其次，由于其完全致密、细晶的双相组织和高硬度（28.7±0.8 GPa），在相同的循环条件下，B12(C,Si，B) 3-SiC复合材料的微动阻力明显高于多孔B4C整体SPS-ed，在2000°C时的微动阻力略高于致密的超硬B4C整体SPS-ed(35.6±0.8 GPa)，并且需要更低的SPS温度。

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引用次数: 0

The development of W-Cr-Al alloys by spark plasma sintering and their oxidation behavior 放电等离子烧结制备W-Cr-Al合金及其氧化性能

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107713

Chunyan Li , Jie Chen , Andrey Litnovsky , Christian Linsmeier , Shuotong Zong , Yucheng Wu , Xuejiao Wang , Junwei Qiao

Tungsten-based self-passivating metal alloys with reduced thermo-oxidation (SMART), which using Cr or Si as oxidation-resistant elements, have exhibited great potential for oxidation resistance application at high temperature compared with pure W. In this work, aluminum (Al) was added to WCr SMART systems to further improve the oxidation resistance, and the novel W-17.8Cr-6.4Al alloys were successfully developed using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The influence of sintering pressure and temperature on the densification process was systematically investigated, and the oxidation behaviors were studied at 800 °C and 1000 °C. The sintering curves exhibit that there is the liquidation of Al above around 630 °C, and the rapid densification of W-Cr-Al alloys starts above 923–950 °C. The intermetallic compounds of (WCr)Al₁₂ and (WCr)Al₄ are generated when sintered at 650 °C and 700 °C, respectively. When sintered above 1000 °C, W-Cr-Al alloys mainly consist of two BCC phases of W-Cr-Al solution. Dense bulk W-Cr-Al alloys, with a density of around 11.6 g/cm³, could be manufactured by sintering above 1200 °C at 20 MPa for 15 min. At the end of oxidation, the oxides formed at 800 °C mainly consist of WO₃, Cr₂WO₆ and Al₂W₃O₁₂, while WO₃ disappears at 1000 °C due to the volatilization of WO₃ and the reaction with Cr₂O₃. In addition, no obvious variation trend of mass gain is observed when oxidized at 800 °C compared with pure W, while a double parabolic trend of mass gain is found during oxidization at 1000 °C. The parabolic oxidation parameter,

k_{p}

, is around (7–8) × 10⁻⁵ mg²/(cm⁴

∙

min) and (4–5) × 10⁻⁴ mg²/(cm⁴

∙

min), respectively. Compared to the linear oxidation behavior of pure W, W-Cr-Al alloys exhibit its potential for oxidation resistance application at high temperature.

以Cr或Si为抗氧化元素的钨基自钝化还原性热氧化金属合金（SMART）与纯w相比，在高温下表现出很大的抗氧化应用潜力。本研究将铝（Al）添加到WCr SMART体系中，进一步提高了其抗氧化性能，并利用火花等离子烧结（SPS）技术成功制备了新型W-17.8Cr-6.4Al合金。系统研究了烧结压力和温度对致密化过程的影响，并研究了800℃和1000℃下的氧化行为。烧结曲线表明，在630℃以上Al析出，在923 ~ 950℃以上W-Cr-Al合金开始快速致密化。（WCr）Al12和（WCr）Al4分别在650℃和700℃烧结时生成金属间化合物。在1000℃以上烧结时，W-Cr-Al合金主要由W-Cr-Al溶液的两个BCC相组成。在1200℃以上、20 MPa、15 min的烧结条件下，可制得密度约为11.6 g/cm3的致密块状W-Cr-Al合金。氧化结束时，在800℃时形成的氧化物主要为WO3、Cr2WO6和Al2W3O12，而在1000℃时由于WO3的挥发和与Cr2O3的反应，WO3消失。另外，在800℃氧化时，与纯W相比，质量增加没有明显的变化趋势，而在1000℃氧化时，质量增加呈双抛物线趋势。抛物氧化参数kp分别约为（7-8）× 10−5 mg2/(cm4∙min)和（4 - 5）× 10−4 mg2/(cm4∙min)。与纯W的线性氧化行为相比，W- cr - al合金显示出其在高温下抗氧化应用的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Y addition on the oxidation behavior and oxide scale structure of Nb14Si27Ti22.5Al33Hf3.5 alloy at 1300 °C 添加Y对Nb - Si - Ti - Al - Hf合金1300℃氧化行为和氧化垢结构的影响

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107715

Zhicheng Deng , Song Zeng , Chang Jiang , Wenfu Chen , Youxing He , Yiyou Wu , Xuebing Yang , Jiuming Yu , Linwei Zhang

The effect of Y addition on the isothermal oxidation behavior of Nb_14-xSi₂₇Ti_22.5Al₃₃Hf_3.5Y_x (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 at.%) alloys is systematically investigated at 1300 °C in static air for 100 h. The 0.1Y alloy exhibits the best oxidation performance, with a mass gain lower than that of the 0Y alloy. The mass-gain sequence is 0.1Y < 0Y < 0.3Y < 0.5Y < 0.7Y. A wrinkled Al₂O₃ scale forms on the Y-free alloy, whereas a highly adherent, smooth, and protective Al₂O₃-based scale develops on the 0.1Y alloy. When the Y content reaches 0.3 at.% or above, excessive Y promotes the formation of an Al₅Y₃O₁₂/Al₂O₃ duplex layer that severely deteriorates oxidation resistance. This study clarifies the dual role of Y in the alloy system and identifies an optimal addition level of approximately 0.1 at.%.

Y的加入对Nb14-xSi27Ti22.5Al33Hf3.5Yx （x = 0,0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7）等温氧化行为的影响。结果表明，0.1Y合金具有较好的氧化性能，质量增益低于0Y合金。质量增加序列是0.1 y & lt; 0 y & lt; 0.3 y & lt; 0.5 y & lt; 0.7 y。在不含y的合金上形成皱褶的Al₂O₃鳞片，而在0.1Y合金上形成高度粘附、光滑和保护性的Al₂O₃鳞片。当Y含量达到0.3 at时。%或更高，过多的Y会促进Al5Y3O12/Al₂O₃双相层的形成，严重降低抗氧化性。这项研究阐明了Y在合金体系中的双重作用，并确定了大约0.1 at.%的最佳添加水平。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation of RHEA/Fe alloy bond diamond tools for dry grinding of silicon nitride 干式磨削氮化硅用RHEA/Fe合金结合金刚石刀具的制备

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107711

Tao He , Feng-lin Zhang , Wei-jian Yang , Xin zhou , Xiao-yi Pan , Yu-mei Zhou

Dry grinding of hard and brittle materials has received increasing attention due to the environmental issues associated with using coolants and the need for machine tooling under dry conditions. However, during dry grinding, the high grinding temperature may induce thermal deformation of traditional metal bonds and accelerate the wear of diamond tools. In the present study, a refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) was introduced into Fe alloy to serve as the metal bond of diamond tool in order to improve the dry grinding performance. First, RHEA powders (composed of WMoTaNbV) were prepared by discharge plasma ball milling (DPBM) as well as planetary milling (PM) for comparison. The effect of ball milling time on the microstructure of RHEA powder was examined. Then, RHEA/Fe alloy was prepared by hot-press sintering, and the microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of sintered RHEA/Fe alloys with different contents of RHEA were investigated. Finally, a RHEA/Fe alloy bond diamond tool was prepared to evaluate the dry grinding performance on a silicon nitride ceramic. The results indicated that RHEA powder was successfully synthesized by DPBM milling for only 15 h, which was a much shorter duration compared to PM method. With increasing RHEA content in the range of 0-20 wt%, the relative density of RHEA/Fe alloys decreased, but the hardness, compressive strength, and wear resistance increased. Good bonding was achieved between 20wt.%RHEA/Fe alloy and diamond grits in the synthesized diamond tool at the sintering temperature of 1050 °C. During dry grinding of silicon nitride ceramic, the diamond tool based on 20wt.%RHEA/Fe bond exhibited a lower grinding force, higher grinding ratio, and reduced wear in comparison with commercial Fe alloy bond diamond tool, showing excellent potential for the dry grinding of ceramics.

由于使用冷却剂的环境问题和干燥条件下机床的需要，硬脆材料的干式磨削受到越来越多的关注。然而，在干式磨削过程中，较高的磨削温度会引起传统金属键的热变形，加速金刚石工具的磨损。在铁合金中引入难熔高熵合金（RHEA）作为金刚石工具的金属结合剂，以改善金刚石工具的干磨性能。首先，通过放电等离子球磨（DPBM）和行星磨（PM）制备了由WMoTaNbV组成的RHEA粉末，并进行了比较。研究了球磨时间对RHEA粉末微观结构的影响。然后采用热压烧结法制备了RHEA/Fe合金，研究了不同含量RHEA烧结后的RHEA/Fe合金的显微组织、力学性能和耐磨性。最后，制备了RHEA/Fe合金结合金刚石工具，对氮化硅陶瓷的干式磨削性能进行了评价。结果表明，DPBM制粉仅需15 h即可成功合成RHEA粉末，比PM制粉时间短得多。在0 ~ 20 wt%范围内，随着RHEA含量的增加，RHEA/Fe合金的相对密度降低，硬度、抗压强度和耐磨性提高。在20wt之间实现了良好的粘合。在1050℃的烧结温度下，合成的金刚石工具中含有%RHEA/Fe合金和金刚石磨粒。干式磨削氮化硅陶瓷时，金刚石刀具以20wt为基础。与商用铁合金结合剂金刚石刀具相比，RHEA/Fe结合剂具有较低的磨削力、较高的磨削比和较低的磨损，具有良好的干式磨削陶瓷的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation on rear-side fragmentation and damage of steel targets penetrated by tungsten fiber-reinforced bulk metallic glass composites 钨纤维增强大块金属玻璃复合材料侵彻钢靶后侧破碎损伤试验研究

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107689

Lizhi Xu , Mingyang Wang , Xuan Zhou , Zhanxuan Wang , Jun He , Yongkang Zhou , Zhengkun Li , Zhonghua Du

Tungsten fiber-reinforced bulk metallic glass composites (BMGCs) are high-strength, high-density materials with exceptional penetration capabilities, post-target fragmentation, and energy-release damage effects, making them highly valuable in defense applications. This study investigates a Zr-based BMGC (composition: Zr_40.08Ti_13.30Cu_11.84Ni_0.07Nb_24.7) with a density of 12 g/cm³. Quasi-static/dynamic compression tests and ballistic experiments were conducted to systematically analyze its mechanical properties under varying strain rates and post-penetration fragmentation and damage effects. Results indicate that BMGCs exhibit high strength (ultimate strength of 1656 MPa) and plastic deformation under quasi-static loading, while dynamic loading induces brittle fracture and strain-rate softening (strength reduced to ∼1120 MPa at 1508 s⁻¹). Ballistic tests reveal that BMGCs form a fragmented cloud after penetrating steel targets. Within the velocity range of 864–1407 m/s, the post-target damage mode transitions from shear plugging to tensile-dominated “petal” failure. The post-target damage area initially increases and decreases with velocity, peaking at 1325 m/s. Fragment size analysis shows that higher velocities increase the proportion of small fragments and their dispersion area, reducing the kinetic energy density per unit area and diminishing damage efficiency.

钨纤维增强大块金属玻璃复合材料（BMGCs）是一种高强度、高密度的材料，具有卓越的穿透能力、目标后破碎和能量释放损伤效应，在国防应用中具有很高的价值。研究了一种密度为12 g/cm3的zr基BMGC（成分：Zr40.08Ti13.30Cu11.84Ni0.07Nb24.7）。通过准静态/动态压缩试验和弹道试验，系统分析了不同应变速率和侵彻后破碎损伤效应下的力学性能。结果表明：在准静态加载下，BMGCs表现出较高的强度（极限强度为1656 MPa）和塑性变形，而在动加载下，BMGCs表现出脆性断裂和应变率软化（在1508 s−1时强度降至~1120 MPa）。弹道试验表明，弹道导弹在穿透钢目标后形成碎片云。在864 ~ 1407 m/s速度范围内，靶后破坏模式由剪切堵塞转变为以拉伸为主的“花瓣”破坏。目标后伤害面积随着速度的增加先增大后减小，在1325 m/s处达到峰值。碎片尺寸分析表明，较高的速度增加了小碎片的比例及其分散面积，降低了单位面积的动能密度，降低了杀伤效率。

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引用次数: 0

Surface deformation and damage evolution mechanism in grinding of WC-Al0.5CoCrFeNi high-entropy cemented carbide WC-Al0.5CoCrFeNi高熵硬质合金磨削过程中表面变形及损伤演化机制

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107683

Ziyi Zhao , Jin Du , Guosheng Su , Peirong Zhang , Binxun Li , Yujing Sun , Chonghai Xu

Cemented carbide is a typical difficult-to-machine material used in machine tool components. The grinding process is an effective method for achieving the desired shape and dimensional accuracy of cemented carbide parts. The deformation mechanisms and damage behavior of the ground surface depend on the grinding parameters. In this study, WC–Al₀.₅CoCrFeNi high-entropy cemented carbide (WC-HEA) was fabricated via vacuum gas-pressure composite sintering. Grinding experiments were conducted to analyze the phase composition, microstructure, deformation mechanisms, and damage behavior of the ground surface. A refined surface layer composed of both amorphous and nanocrystalline phases formed on the machined surface. The dominant damage behavior of WC grains within the refinement layer was fracture and microcracking. The severity of brittle damage and binder-phase deformation on the ground surface increased with grinding depth and feed rate. Under a high grinding strain rate, grain pull-out, brittle fragmentation, and cracking were reduced. Therefore, the surface exhibited lower roughness and fewer brittle damage defects. In addition, elevated strain rates promoted a deformation mechanism in the Al_0.5CoCrFeNi binder phase, characterized by twinning and solid-state amorphization. This plastic deformation mechanism suppresses phase transformation defects. The findings of this study clarify the deformation mechanisms and damage behavior of WC-HEA under various grinding parameters, providing a theoretical basis for the efficient and high-quality processing of WC-HEA.

硬质合金是一种用于机床部件的典型难加工材料。磨削加工是实现硬质合金零件所需形状和尺寸精度的有效方法。磨削参数决定了磨削表面的变形机理和损伤行为。在本研究中，WC-Al 0。₅CoCrFeNi高熵硬质合金（WC-HEA）是通过真空气压复合烧结制备的。通过磨削试验，分析了磨削过程中磨削表面的相组成、显微组织、变形机理和损伤行为。在加工表面形成由非晶相和纳米晶相组成的精细表面层。WC晶粒在细化层内的主要损伤行为是断裂和微裂。磨削深度和进给量越大，磨削表面脆性损伤和结合物相变形的严重程度越高。在较高的磨削应变速率下，晶粒拉出、脆性破碎和裂纹减少。因此，表面粗糙度较低，脆性损伤缺陷较少。此外，应变速率的提高促进了Al0.5CoCrFeNi结合相的变形机制，其特征是孪晶和固态非晶化。这种塑性变形机制抑制了相变缺陷。研究结果阐明了不同磨削参数下WC-HEA的变形机理和损伤行为，为高效、高质量加工WC-HEA提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of rolling reduction and annealing on recrystallization and grain structure in Ta-2.5W alloys 轧制压下和退火对ta-2.5 W合金再结晶和晶粒组织的影响

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107708

P.D. Paradise, R.P. Sankaran, M. Koelle, J.R. Boro, J.T. McKeown, T.Y. Han, S.R. Qiu

The microstructural evolution of wrought Tantalum - 2.5 wt% Tungsten (Ta-2.5W) alloys during thermomechanical processing is critical for optimizing their mechanical reliability in demanding applications such as aerospace, chemical processing, and nuclear technology. Despite the widespread use of Ta-W alloys, a comprehensive understanding of how rolling reduction, annealing temperature, and elemental inhomogeneity interact to determine recrystallization behavior and grain refinement remains incomplete. In this study, we systematically investigate the effects of cold rolling and subsequent annealing on the microstructure of Ta-2.5W, with particular attention to grain orientation, stored energy, and elemental banding. Our results demonstrate that higher rolling reduction rates lower the onset and completion temperatures for recrystallization, resulting in finer and more homogeneous grain structures. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis reveals that grains with a 〈111〉 parallel to the plate normal possess higher stored energy and nucleate recrystallization more readily than grains with a 〈001〉 parallel to the plate normal. Elemental mapping shows that tungsten inhomogeneity leads to localized bands of accelerated recrystallization and hardness variation. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of microstructure refinement in Ta-2.5W alloys, offering guidance for tailoring processing routes to achieve superior performance in demanding engineering environments.

变形钽-2.5 wt%钨（Ta-2.5W）合金在热机械加工过程中的微观组织演变对于优化其在航空航天、化学加工和核技术等苛刻应用中的机械可靠性至关重要。尽管Ta-W合金广泛使用，但对轧制压下、退火温度和元素不均匀性如何相互作用决定再结晶行为和晶粒细化的全面理解仍然不完整。在这项研究中，我们系统地研究了冷轧和随后的退火对Ta-2.5W微观组织的影响，特别关注了晶粒取向、储存能量和元素带化。我们的研究结果表明，较高的轧制压下率降低了再结晶的开始温度和完成温度，从而产生更细、更均匀的晶粒组织。电子后向散射衍射（EBSD）分析表明，与平行于板法向线< 111 >的晶粒相比，平行于板法向线< 001 >的晶粒具有更高的储能和更容易的成核再结晶。元素映射表明，钨的不均匀性导致了局部的加速再结晶带和硬度变化。这些发现为研究Ta-2.5W合金的微观组织细化机制提供了新的见解，为在苛刻的工程环境中实现卓越性能的定制加工路线提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature-dependent thermodynamic properties of CrNbO4 and CrTaO4 by first-principles calculations 基于第一性原理计算的CrNbO4和CrTaO4的热力学性质

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107728

Shuang Lin , Shun-Li Shang , Allison M. Beese , Zi-Kui Liu

In the present work, the density functional theory (DFT) in the generalized-gradient approximation developed by Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE) + U method, i.e., PBE + U, was employed to predict temperature-dependent thermodynamic properties of the rutile-type oxides CrNbO₄ and CrTaO₄ as well as the binary oxides Cr₂O₃, Nb₂O₅, and Ta₂O₅ via the quasiharmonic phonon approach (QHA). Calculated thermodynamic properties of the binary oxides were benchmarked with experimental data, showing high accuracy except for the negative thermal expansion (NTE) of Nb₂O₅, attributed to its polymorphic complexity. By combining the formation energy predicted by DFT with the existing SGTE Substances Database (SSUB5), the CrNbO₄ and CrTaO₄ are found to be thermodynamic stable up to 1706 K and 1926 K and decompose into Cr₂O₃ and Nb₂O₅ or Ta₂O₅ at those temperatures, respectively. The temperature dependence of linear thermal expansion coefficients for CrNbO₄ and CrTaO₄ are predicted, and their mean values from 500 K to 2000 K are found to be 6.0 × 10⁻⁶/K and 5.04 × 10⁻⁶/K, respectively, in agreement with experimental observations in the literature. The gas-phase species and their vapor pressure are calculated, indicating that the formation of CrTaO₄ and CrNbO₄ reduces chromium volatilization, which is critically important to design enhanced refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) with enhanced oxidation resistance.

本文利用Perdew， Burke, and Ernzerhof （PBE） + U方法中的密度泛函理论（DFT），即PBE + U，通过准谐波声子方法（QHA）预测了金红石型氧化物CrNbO4和CrTaO4以及二元氧化物Cr2O3， Nb2O5和Ta2O5的温度依赖热力学性质。计算得到的二元氧化物的热力学性质与实验数据进行了基准比对，除Nb2O5的负热膨胀（NTE）外，其精度较高，这是由于其多晶性的复杂性。将DFT预测的形成能与现有的SGTE物质数据库（SSUB5）相结合，发现CrNbO4和CrTaO4在1706 K和1926 K温度下是热力学稳定的，并分别分解为Cr2O3和Nb2O5或Ta2O5。对CrNbO4和CrTaO4的线性热膨胀系数的温度依赖性进行了预测，在500 K ~ 2000 K范围内，其平均值分别为6.0 × 10−6/K和5.04 × 10−6/K，与文献中的实验观测结果一致。结果表明，CrTaO4和CrNbO4的形成减少了铬的挥发，这对设计具有增强抗氧化性的增强型耐火高熵合金（RHEAs）至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing the thermal stability of nanocrystalline tungsten alloys through optimized yttrium doping 通过优化钇掺杂提高纳米晶钨合金的热稳定性

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107717

Yu He , Xun Shen , Yifan Yan , Shuju Liang , Shuguang Cao , Jingyuan He , Jiangxia Liu , Chong Peng , Changjian Geng , Lingwei Kong , Kangkang Wen , Rui Li

Nanocrystalline (NC) tungsten (W) alloys with high thermal stability are needed for their use as plasma-facing materials in fusion reactors. In this work, the thermal stability of W alloys is optimized by yttrium (Y) doping, and the theoretical calculation and experimental verification are carried out. The link between the normalized grain boundary energy and the Y content (1–10 at.%) and the microstructural evolution were systematically investigated. Theoretical modeling showed an optimum Y doping range of 3–5 at.%, which thermodynamically stabilizes the nanostructure by lowering the grain boundary energy to below zero. WY alloys were synthesized experimentally by high-energy ball milling and high-pressure consolidation. W3Y and W5Y alloys showed excellent thermal stability, with sub-30 nm NC grain size after annealing at 1300 °C for 1 h, and W5Y alloy showed a Vickers hardness of 17.8 GPa, showing only 12.3% decrease compared to the as-sintered state. In contrast, the specific grain boundary energy was increased by excessive Y doping (e.g., 10 at.%), which reduced thermodynamic stability and made the material kinetically pinned by Y₂O₃ nanoparticles, which were found to be inadequate at higher temperatures. The results show that the synergistic effect of thermodynamic stabilization by Y segregation and kinetic stabilization by oxide pinning is responsible for the improved performance. This work offers a fundamental approach for the design of high-performance, nanoscale tungsten-based materials for extreme environments in fusion energy and other advanced nuclear systems.

纳米晶（NC）钨(W)合金在聚变反应堆中作为等离子体表面材料需要具有高热稳定性。本文通过钇(Y)掺杂优化了W合金的热稳定性，并进行了理论计算和实验验证。归一化晶界能与Y含量（1 ~ 10 at）之间的关系。%)和显微组织演变进行了系统的研究。理论模拟表明，Y掺杂的最佳范围为3 ~ 5 at。%，它通过将晶界能降低到零以下来热力学稳定纳米结构。采用高能球磨和高压固结法制备了WY合金。W3Y和W5Y合金表现出优异的热稳定性，在1300℃下退火1 h后，其NC晶粒尺寸在30 nm以下，W5Y合金的维氏硬度为17.8 GPa，仅比烧结态降低12.3%。相比之下，过量的Y掺杂（如10 at）增加了比晶界能。%)，这降低了热力学稳定性，并使材料被Y2O3纳米颗粒动力学钉住，这在高温下发现是不够的。结果表明，Y偏析的热力学稳定和氧化钉钉的动力学稳定的协同作用是提高性能的主要原因。这项工作为设计用于聚变能和其他先进核系统极端环境的高性能纳米级钨基材料提供了一种基本方法。

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Microstructure and wear behavior of carbide-metal cermet materials with WB addition 添加WB的硬质合金-金属陶瓷材料的组织与磨损性能

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.107652

Ziqing Xiong , Xiufang Gong , Xiaohu Yuan , Chunmei Tang , Xia Lou , Xiangrong Li , Kaifeng Jing , Longgang Wang , Jinwen Cai , Xiang Xia , Tianen Yang , Guang Xian , Zhixing Guo

Carbide-metal cermet materials-(WC-6Ni) were fabricated, and the effect of tungsten boride (WB) addition on the phase evolution, microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior was investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the cermet materials is changed after the addition of WB. With the WB addition, WC grains are first coarsened at 0.5 wt% WB, and then refined at 0.9 wt% WB, while the grains become rounder and more homogeneous. During sintering, WB reacts with the Ni binder to form the intermetallic compound Ni₂B. Meanwhile, a small amount of boron dissolves into the WC lattice, and a lattice distortion is induced. In addition, the proportion of high-angle grain boundaries in the WC phase increases, and the {0001} basal texture is strengthened. In the Ni phase, the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density rises, indicating enhanced local strain hardening. The Schmid factor (SF) decreases, suggesting suppressed slip activity and improved resistance to plastic deformation. As a consequence, both the mechanical and tribological properties have been improved. The composite containing 0.5 wt% WB shows the highest hardness and adequate toughness. The coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate decrease, indicating better wear resistance under both room-temperature and high-temperature conditions.

制备了硬质合金金属陶瓷材料（WC-6Ni），研究了硼化钨（WB）的加入对材料相演化、显微组织、力学性能和磨损性能的影响。结果表明，加入WB后，陶瓷材料的显微组织发生了变化。添加WB后，WC晶粒首先在0.5 wt% WB下粗化，然后在0.9 wt% WB下细化，晶粒变得更圆、更均匀。在烧结过程中，WB与Ni粘结剂反应生成金属间化合物Ni2B。同时，少量硼溶解在WC晶格中，引起晶格畸变。WC相中高角度晶界的比例增加，{0001}基态织构得到强化。在Ni相，几何必需位错（GND）密度上升，表明局部应变硬化增强。施密德因子（SF）减小，表明滑移活性受到抑制，抗塑性变形能力提高。因此，机械性能和摩擦学性能都得到了改善。含0.5 wt% WB的复合材料具有最高的硬度和足够的韧性。摩擦系数（COF）和磨损率降低，表明在室温和高温条件下都具有更好的耐磨性。

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引用次数: 0