Pub Date : 2023-05-07DOI: 10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.215
W. Raja, Ubhat Ali, Akhil Gupta, Pratik Kumar
There has been a huge emphasis on converting waste into energy in developing countries like India since a couple of decades now. Agriculture is a huge industry in India and produces huge amount of agricultural waste which goes around 350 million tons every year. Out of this huge weight of waste more than 40 million tons is sugarcane bagasse. Only a small percentage of this waste is collected and out of that, less than 20% gets advanced treatments like incineration, pyrolysis etc. and the rest of it ends up in landfills. In this study Hydrothermal Carbonization of bagasse is carried out in order to raise its carbon content and achieve a higher calorific value. The waste after undergoing the HTC is called hydrochar and mostly resembles the properties of lignite coal. A number of tests are performed on the feedstock at 200 ° C and 220 ° C for three reaction periods viz. 2, 4 and 6 hours. The yield of the char is found to decreases with increase in temperature and retention time whereas the Carbon percentage shows a positive trend and goes as high as 69.1 % at 220° C with Calorific value as 24.44 MJ/kg at 6 hours reaction period.
{"title":"Agricultural Waste Management by Hydrothermal Carbonization","authors":"W. Raja, Ubhat Ali, Akhil Gupta, Pratik Kumar","doi":"10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.215","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a huge emphasis on converting waste into energy in developing countries like India since a couple of decades now. Agriculture is a huge industry in India and produces huge amount of agricultural waste which goes around 350 million tons every year. Out of this huge weight of waste more than 40 million tons is sugarcane bagasse. Only a small percentage of this waste is collected and out of that, less than 20% gets advanced treatments like incineration, pyrolysis etc. and the rest of it ends up in landfills. In this study Hydrothermal Carbonization of bagasse is carried out in order to raise its carbon content and achieve a higher calorific value. The waste after undergoing the HTC is called hydrochar and mostly resembles the properties of lignite coal. A number of tests are performed on the feedstock at 200 ° C and 220 ° C for three reaction periods viz. 2, 4 and 6 hours. The yield of the char is found to decreases with increase in temperature and retention time whereas the Carbon percentage shows a positive trend and goes as high as 69.1 % at 220° C with Calorific value as 24.44 MJ/kg at 6 hours reaction period.","PeriodicalId":142446,"journal":{"name":"IARS' International Research Journal","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115895136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-07DOI: 10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.216
Anirudh P. Singh, Anjaneyulu Bendi, Aditi Tiwari
Heterocycles that include nitrogen are now indispensable to humanity. The majority of the major pharmaceuticals on the market are composed of heterocycles that include nitrogen. One such substance is benzodiazepine, which was shown to have potential as an anti-anxiety medication in 1955. A novel class of chalcone-based benzodiazepines continues to receive the most attention because of their enhanced pharmacological, medicinal, and biological actions. The present study covers the chemistry of some important biologically active chalcone-based benzodiazepines.
{"title":"A Study on Biologically Active Chalcone Based Benzodiazepines","authors":"Anirudh P. Singh, Anjaneyulu Bendi, Aditi Tiwari","doi":"10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.216","url":null,"abstract":"Heterocycles that include nitrogen are now indispensable to humanity. The majority of the major pharmaceuticals on the market are composed of heterocycles that include nitrogen. One such substance is benzodiazepine, which was shown to have potential as an anti-anxiety medication in 1955. A novel class of chalcone-based benzodiazepines continues to receive the most attention because of their enhanced pharmacological, medicinal, and biological actions. The present study covers the chemistry of some important biologically active chalcone-based benzodiazepines.","PeriodicalId":142446,"journal":{"name":"IARS' International Research Journal","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116331391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-07DOI: 10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.214
K. Chandra, Anil Kumar
Oilseed rape and mustard are mostly grown on conserved soil water in the Indian sub-continent. These crops generally suffer from water stress at reproductive period of development. Thus, to obtain higher stable yields of Brassica species under routine stress conditions, it is essential to identify and understand the interactions of different morpho-physiological traits responsible for drought resistance. To explicate interaction of traits related to biochemical, physio-morphological factors for sustaining drought resistance in Brassica species. Dry mass production and partition in a plant is important when increased yield are sought. A osmometer like plant cell which allows only selective solutes to pass through elastic membrane, cell wall and the thin layer of cytoplasm and a vacuole containing an aqueous solution. To express drought tolerance turgidity of cells maintained by osmotic adjustments.
{"title":"Impact of Water Deficit Condition on Osmoregulation of the Brassica Species","authors":"K. Chandra, Anil Kumar","doi":"10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.214","url":null,"abstract":"Oilseed rape and mustard are mostly grown on conserved soil water in the Indian sub-continent. These crops generally suffer from water stress at reproductive period of development. Thus, to obtain higher stable yields of Brassica species under routine stress conditions, it is essential to identify and understand the interactions of different morpho-physiological traits responsible for drought resistance. To explicate interaction of traits related to biochemical, physio-morphological factors for sustaining drought resistance in Brassica species. Dry mass production and partition in a plant is important when increased yield are sought. A osmometer like plant cell which allows only selective solutes to pass through elastic membrane, cell wall and the thin layer of cytoplasm and a vacuole containing an aqueous solution. To express drought tolerance turgidity of cells maintained by osmotic adjustments.","PeriodicalId":142446,"journal":{"name":"IARS' International Research Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130233689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-07DOI: 10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.211
Meenakshi Singh, J. Aggarwal, S. Tomo, J. Batra, P. Katara
Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of metabolic disorder (MS) and its various components among pre-and postmenopausal women and their associated relationship between menopausal status and MS. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted at the Biochemistry department in association with Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad. The necessary approval was obtained from the institutional ethical committee to conduct the study and informed written consent was also obtained from the study subjects. The cross-sectional case-control study included premenopausal females aged between 20-40 years as the control group (n=41) postmenopausal females aged between 50-60 years as the case group (n=41). Results: In the study group (post-menopause women), the mean value of BMI is 26.35±2.302 (kg/m2). In comparison with the control group (pre-menopause women), the mean value of BMI is 24.05±1.851 (kg/m2). There was a statically significant increase in the levels of BMI in the study group in comparison with the control group. There was a statically significant increase in the levels of SBP and DBP in the study group compared with the control group. In the study group, the mean value of FBS is 127.12±48.186 (mg/dl). In comparison with the control group (pre-menopause women), the mean value of FBS is 96.12±25.567 (mg/dl). There was a statically significant increase in the levels of FBS in the study group compared with the control group. Conclusion: It has been concluded that MS was significantly more prevalent among postmenopausal women than premenopausal women. This indicates that they are at risk of developing hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, health care workers should closely monitor for the two conditions as metabolic syndrome is an underlying condition for other non-communicable diseases and also be advised to adopt healthy lifestyles to minimize the incidence of these conditions.
{"title":"Study of Metabolic Syndrome in Pre and Post Menopausal Women","authors":"Meenakshi Singh, J. Aggarwal, S. Tomo, J. Batra, P. Katara","doi":"10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.211","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of metabolic disorder (MS) and its various components among pre-and postmenopausal women and their associated relationship between menopausal status and MS. \u0000Materials and methods: The present study was conducted at the Biochemistry department in association with Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad. The necessary approval was obtained from the institutional ethical committee to conduct the study and informed written consent was also obtained from the study subjects. The cross-sectional case-control study included premenopausal females aged between 20-40 years as the control group (n=41) postmenopausal females aged between 50-60 years as the case group (n=41). \u0000Results: In the study group (post-menopause women), the mean value of BMI is 26.35±2.302 (kg/m2). In comparison with the control group (pre-menopause women), the mean value of BMI is 24.05±1.851 (kg/m2). There was a statically significant increase in the levels of BMI in the study group in comparison with the control group. There was a statically significant increase in the levels of SBP and DBP in the study group compared with the control group. In the study group, the mean value of FBS is 127.12±48.186 (mg/dl). In comparison with the control group (pre-menopause women), the mean value of FBS is 96.12±25.567 (mg/dl). There was a statically significant increase in the levels of FBS in the study group compared with the control group. \u0000Conclusion: It has been concluded that MS was significantly more prevalent among postmenopausal women than premenopausal women. This indicates that they are at risk of developing hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, health care workers should closely monitor for the two conditions as metabolic syndrome is an underlying condition for other non-communicable diseases and also be advised to adopt healthy lifestyles to minimize the incidence of these conditions.","PeriodicalId":142446,"journal":{"name":"IARS' International Research Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114859380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-07DOI: 10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.218
B. Sharma, Dinesh Yadav
Hardcore capability of drug repurposing has allowed rising population of diversified diseased patients to approach various medications with known safety profiles. In an ongoing scenario considering current pharmaceutical market, we have numerous drugs that are approved and repurposed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Developing and bringing a novel drug molecule from the laboratory to a market requires a lot of investment in terms of money, efforts, and time. On the other hand, repurposing a drug holds the capability of bringing out best cures with harmless, ease availability and inexpensive quality. Sildenafil, Chloroquine, Metformin are some examples of repurposed drug used in multiple disease models. Despite numerous challenges, drug repurposing stood to be a core component to any comprehensive drug re-discovering strategies which has been planned to bring benefit to the patients suffering from a wide variety of dreadful ailments. In this review, we have discussed the various repurposed drugs in numerous types of cancer, deadly novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and some orphan diseases. This paper holds various examples of drugs which are still under clinical trial and have high chances of being approved as repurposed drugs benefitting humankind.
{"title":"A systematic review on Drug Re-profiling/Re-Purposing","authors":"B. Sharma, Dinesh Yadav","doi":"10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.218","url":null,"abstract":"Hardcore capability of drug repurposing has allowed rising population of diversified diseased patients to approach various medications with known safety profiles. In an ongoing scenario considering current pharmaceutical market, we have numerous drugs that are approved and repurposed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Developing and bringing a novel drug molecule from the laboratory to a market requires a lot of investment in terms of money, efforts, and time. On the other hand, repurposing a drug holds the capability of bringing out best cures with harmless, ease availability and inexpensive quality. Sildenafil, Chloroquine, Metformin are some examples of repurposed drug used in multiple disease models. Despite numerous challenges, drug repurposing stood to be a core component to any comprehensive drug re-discovering strategies which has been planned to bring benefit to the patients suffering from a wide variety of dreadful ailments. In this review, we have discussed the various repurposed drugs in numerous types of cancer, deadly novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and some orphan diseases. This paper holds various examples of drugs which are still under clinical trial and have high chances of being approved as repurposed drugs benefitting humankind.","PeriodicalId":142446,"journal":{"name":"IARS' International Research Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125306049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-07DOI: 10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.213
Himani Kumari, H. Kumar, K. Sharma
Heterocyclic ring compounds are not only ubiquitous in prime diversity of vital natural products and synthetic pharmaceuticals and thus highly important in organic synthesis. They have an extensive range of applications. They are mainly used as veterinary products and as agrochemicals. They are also utilized as corrosion inhibitors, sanitizers, antioxidants, dye stuff and as copolymers. They are accustomed as an important source in the synthesis of bioactive organic compounds. Some natural products like antibiotics such as tetracyclines, cephalosporin, penicillin, aminoglycosides, alkaloids such as morphine, vinblastine, atropine, reserpine, tryptamine, reserpine etc. have heterocyclic constituent. Hence, synthesis of heterocyclic compounds from new procedures have been always demanding. Due to wide range of applications of heterocyclic compounds, this study is a survey of literature of last one decade, describing the methods for the heterocyclic ring formation from the oxime ether.
{"title":"Synthetic Methods for the formation of Heterocyclic Compounds from Oxime Ether Derivatives","authors":"Himani Kumari, H. Kumar, K. Sharma","doi":"10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.213","url":null,"abstract":"Heterocyclic ring compounds are not only ubiquitous in prime diversity of vital natural products and synthetic pharmaceuticals and thus highly important in organic synthesis. They have an extensive range of applications. They are mainly used as veterinary products and as agrochemicals. They are also utilized as corrosion inhibitors, sanitizers, antioxidants, dye stuff and as copolymers. They are accustomed as an important source in the synthesis of bioactive organic compounds. Some natural products like antibiotics such as tetracyclines, cephalosporin, penicillin, aminoglycosides, alkaloids such as morphine, vinblastine, atropine, reserpine, tryptamine, reserpine etc. have heterocyclic constituent. Hence, synthesis of heterocyclic compounds from new procedures have been always demanding. Due to wide range of applications of heterocyclic compounds, this study is a survey of literature of last one decade, describing the methods for the heterocyclic ring formation from the oxime ether.","PeriodicalId":142446,"journal":{"name":"IARS' International Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129499971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-07DOI: 10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.212
Lokesh Babu Jarugu, Yashwanth D. Vankar, Anita Brar
α-hydroxy-β, γ-unsaturated esters are important building blocks of bioactive compounds, natural products, achiral and chiral vinyl epoxides. These could be easily obtained by isomerization of glycidic esters. In this paper we have reported easy and convenient way of synthesis of α-hydroxy-β, γ-unsaturated esters by isomerisation of glycidic esters using inexpensive catalyst HClO4-SiO2 and eco-friendly ionic liquid. Moderate to good yields with lower reaction times reported.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS OF α- HYDROXY-β, γ-UNSATURATED ESTERS","authors":"Lokesh Babu Jarugu, Yashwanth D. Vankar, Anita Brar","doi":"10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.212","url":null,"abstract":"α-hydroxy-β, γ-unsaturated esters are important building blocks of bioactive compounds, natural products, achiral and chiral vinyl epoxides. These could be easily obtained by isomerization of glycidic esters. In this paper we have reported easy and convenient way of synthesis of α-hydroxy-β, γ-unsaturated esters by isomerisation of glycidic esters using inexpensive catalyst HClO4-SiO2 and eco-friendly ionic liquid. Moderate to good yields with lower reaction times reported.","PeriodicalId":142446,"journal":{"name":"IARS' International Research Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126085765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.51611/iars.irj.v12i01.2022.219
P. Sharmila
The 21st century is an era of creativity and cataclysmic transformation. India has a tremendous need for educated labourers. To enhance the necessary abilities of the teachers and students, the most effective techniques for teaching and learning must be found. To nurture long-lasting and employable abilities, there is a major need to switch pedagogy from fact-based traditional lecture to interactive education. Innovation in education process is now crucial to solving this issue. Adopting the numerous techniques and tactics described in the paper will assist in achieving the goal. The current paper discusses cutting-edge teaching strategies used in the nation's higher education institutions.
{"title":"Innovations in Teaching - Learning in Higher Educational Institutions in the Current Scenario","authors":"P. Sharmila","doi":"10.51611/iars.irj.v12i01.2022.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v12i01.2022.219","url":null,"abstract":"The 21st century is an era of creativity and cataclysmic transformation. India has a tremendous need for educated labourers. To enhance the necessary abilities of the teachers and students, the most effective techniques for teaching and learning must be found. To nurture long-lasting and employable abilities, there is a major need to switch pedagogy from fact-based traditional lecture to interactive education. Innovation in education process is now crucial to solving this issue. Adopting the numerous techniques and tactics described in the paper will assist in achieving the goal. The current paper discusses cutting-edge teaching strategies used in the nation's higher education institutions.","PeriodicalId":142446,"journal":{"name":"IARS' International Research Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126931854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.200
Shafqat Hussain, Abdul Rauf, Amjad Ali
This study takes place in the realm of psychological literature. It analyzes the autobiography of American Dr. Paul Kalanithi, When Air Biomes Breath. The story revolves around Dr. Kalanithi’s life being a patient of lung cancer at the last stage, IV. The book is marvelous and incredible, life-affirming meditation from this remarkable man, on the subject of difficulty of confronting mortality and the bond between doctor and patient. This is a memoir about his life and disease, combating metastatic lung cancer. He shares grief, suffering, turmoil and psychological trauma and its balance point in the book. Similarly, the researchers have inspected the stages of grief Dr. suffered from. For this, Textual Analysis of the book is conducted through Kubler-Ross Model of grief as a theoretical framework. The study is designed descriptively. The selected excerpts from the story are analyzed to reach the research question. The findings of the study reveal that Dr. Kalanithi had deeply suffered from five stages of grief as proposed by Ross, but his circle of grief goes in contrast. He randomly accepted, rejected, became angry and denied, and again accepted this turmoil. Relatively, this study is helpful for understanding the model and the storyline of Dr. Kalanithi in the realm of psychological literature.
{"title":"Locating Five Stages of Grief of Dr. Kalanithi","authors":"Shafqat Hussain, Abdul Rauf, Amjad Ali","doi":"10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.200","url":null,"abstract":"This study takes place in the realm of psychological literature. It analyzes the autobiography of American Dr. Paul Kalanithi, When Air Biomes Breath. The story revolves around Dr. Kalanithi’s life being a patient of lung cancer at the last stage, IV. The book is marvelous and incredible, life-affirming meditation from this remarkable man, on the subject of difficulty of confronting mortality and the bond between doctor and patient. This is a memoir about his life and disease, combating metastatic lung cancer. He shares grief, suffering, turmoil and psychological trauma and its balance point in the book. Similarly, the researchers have inspected the stages of grief Dr. suffered from. For this, Textual Analysis of the book is conducted through Kubler-Ross Model of grief as a theoretical framework. The study is designed descriptively. The selected excerpts from the story are analyzed to reach the research question. The findings of the study reveal that Dr. Kalanithi had deeply suffered from five stages of grief as proposed by Ross, but his circle of grief goes in contrast. He randomly accepted, rejected, became angry and denied, and again accepted this turmoil. Relatively, this study is helpful for understanding the model and the storyline of Dr. Kalanithi in the realm of psychological literature.","PeriodicalId":142446,"journal":{"name":"IARS' International Research Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129173871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.204
Lutif Ali Halo
This research studies the post method approaches in the English language teaching context of Pakistan. The study argues that methods are colonial legacy which are imposed upon all the cultural and social settings. The post-method approaches like particularity, practicality and possibility can bring drastic change in English language teaching of Pakistani context. This research has used qualitative questionnaires for collecting data. The selection of research participants is based on purposive sampling. The findings reveal that the post method approach makes teaching and learning effective by emphasizing on the conxtet of the students and situation. Therefore, this study has investigated the post method strategies and approaches practiced in the ELT context of Pakistan.
{"title":"English Language Teaching with Engagement in Mind","authors":"Lutif Ali Halo","doi":"10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v12i02.2022.204","url":null,"abstract":"This research studies the post method approaches in the English language teaching context of Pakistan. The study argues that methods are colonial legacy which are imposed upon all the cultural and social settings. The post-method approaches like particularity, practicality and possibility can bring drastic change in English language teaching of Pakistani context. This research has used qualitative questionnaires for collecting data. The selection of research participants is based on purposive sampling. The findings reveal that the post method approach makes teaching and learning effective by emphasizing on the conxtet of the students and situation. Therefore, this study has investigated the post method strategies and approaches practiced in the ELT context of Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":142446,"journal":{"name":"IARS' International Research Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121260294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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