International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid最新文献_第7页

Evaporating temperature estimation of refrigeration systems based on vibration data-driven soft sensors 基于振动数据驱动的软传感器估算制冷系统的蒸发温度

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.020

The evaluation of the operating conditions of refrigeration compressors once installed in household appliances is challenging due to the need to install pressure transducers, a process which requires system evacuation and refrigerant reintroduction. In addition, changes in the piping modify the characteristics of the original product. This paper proposes a soft-sensing technique based on vibration measurements of the compressor surface to predict the evaporating temperature. Different machine learning (ML) techniques are evaluated as data-driven prediction models, namely multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks, least squares boosting, generalized additive model, random forest, extreme learning machine, and random vector functional link neural networks. These techniques were applied to data obtained from a test rig designed to emulate compressor operation in a refrigeration system, with an operating envelope from -30 °C to -10 °C for the evaporating temperature and from 34 °C to 54 °C for the condensing temperature. The results showed that, with a single vibration measurement point, it was possible to use an MLP technique to estimate the evaporating temperature with a root mean squared error of 1.74 °C in a non-intrusive way. For the other prediction techniques, the errors were a bit higher than for the MLP, but the maximum error value was about 2.5 °C in all cases.

对安装在家用电器中的制冷压缩机的运行状况进行评估具有挑战性，因为需要安装压力传感器，而这一过程需要系统排空并重新引入制冷剂。此外，管道的变化也会改变原始产品的特性。本文提出了一种基于压缩机表面振动测量的软传感技术，用于预测蒸发温度。作为数据驱动的预测模型，评估了不同的机器学习（ML）技术，即多层感知器（MLP）神经网络、最小二乘提升、广义加法模型、随机森林、极端学习机和随机向量功能链接神经网络。这些技术被应用于从模拟制冷系统压缩机运行的试验台获得的数据，蒸发温度的工作范围为 -30 °C 至 -10 °C，冷凝温度的工作范围为 34 °C 至 54 °C。结果表明，通过单个振动测量点，可以使用 MLP 技术以非侵入方式估算蒸发温度，均方根误差为 1.74 °C。其他预测技术的误差略高于 MLP，但在所有情况下，最大误差值约为 2.5 °C。

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引用次数: 0

Modelling energy consumption in a Paris supermarket to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions using EnergyPlus 利用 EnergyPlus 建立巴黎一家超市的能源消耗模型，以减少能源使用和温室气体排放

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.023

New refrigeration system configurations and other innovating technologies in retail supermarkets need to be considered to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. In supermarkets, there is a strong interaction between the refrigerated display cases, supermarket structure, internal machinery, customers, and the store's HVAC system. The impact of these interactions on the energy and carbon emissions of a medium sized supermarket in Paris was modelled using EnergyPlus™. The results were calibrated against a typical UK store and validated against the Paris store. The effects of applying the technologies identified to have the greatest potential to reduce carbon emissions (changing the refrigerant to R-744, switching from gas to electrical heating and adding doors to chilled cabinets) were modelled. The impact of climate change on ambient temperature and the impact of changes to the grid conversion factor were predicted for the store in Paris from 2020 to 2050.

零售超市需要考虑新的制冷系统配置和其他创新技术，以减少能源消耗和温室气体排放。在超市中，冷藏陈列柜、超市结构、内部机械、顾客和商店的暖通空调系统之间存在着强烈的相互作用。我们使用 EnergyPlus™ 模拟了这些相互作用对巴黎一家中型超市的能源和碳排放的影响。模拟结果与英国的典型商店进行了校准，并与巴黎的商店进行了验证。模拟了应用被认为最有可能减少碳排放的技术（将制冷剂改为 R-744、将燃气加热改为电加热以及在冷藏柜上加装门）所产生的影响。预测了 2020 年至 2050 年气候变化对环境温度的影响以及电网转换系数变化对巴黎商店的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Advances on a SPTC/JTC/ADR system for sub-Kelvin cooling 用于亚开尔文冷却的 SPTC/JTC/ADR 系统取得进展

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.024

Sub-Kelvin cooling technologies are a critical technology for advanced deep space astrophysical observations. The configuration with adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) precooled by Stirling-type pulse-tube cryocooler (SPTC) /Joule-Thomson cryocooler (JTC) is most attractive one for such space applications. In order to meet the demands of future national space science missions, the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC, CAS) and the Shanghai Institute of Technology Physics (SITP, CAS) have carried out collaborative research. After separately optimizing SPTC, JTC, ADR, and efficient coupling of the three, a sub-Kelvin SPTC/JTC/ADR hybrid refrigeration system is proposed, built, and tested. The hybrid refrigeration system can achieve a no-load minimum temperature of 661 mK and maintain a temperature of 0.9 K without load for 3.78 h, setting the basis for the development of future space-application-targeted sub-Kelvin refrigerator.

亚开尔文冷却技术是先进的深空天体物理观测的关键技术。由斯特林型脉冲管低温制冷器（SPTC）/焦耳-汤姆逊低温制冷器（JTC）预冷的绝热退磁制冷器（ADR）配置是此类空间应用中最具吸引力的配置。为满足未来国家空间科学任务的需求，中科院理化技术研究所与中科院上海技术物理研究所开展了合作研究。在分别优化了 SPTC、JTC、ADR 以及三者的高效耦合之后，提出、构建并测试了亚开尔文 SPTC/JTC/ADR 混合制冷系统。该混合制冷系统可实现 661 mK 的空载最低温度，并可在 3.78 h 内保持 0.9 K 的空载温度，为未来开发针对太空应用的亚开尔文冰箱奠定了基础。

引用次数: 0

Understanding the thermodynamic effects of chemically reactive working fluids in the Stirling heat pump 了解斯特林热泵中化学反应工作流体的热力学效应

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.021

Within the realm of sustainable heating technologies, this study examines the performance of a Stirling heat pump employing chemically reactive working fluids in contrast to conventional inert counterparts. Reactive working fluids are energy vectors that enable the conversion of not only thermal but also chemical energy within the heat pump. The investigation spans a wide range of theoretical reactive gaseous mixtures, leveraging the ideal gas mixture thermodynamic model. Each fluid is characterized by an equilibrated chemical reaction, denoted as

A_{2 (g)} ⇄ 2 A_{(g)}

, and distinguished by a set of reaction coordinates: the standard entropy change of reaction and standard enthalpy change of reaction. The chemical reaction evolution and thermodynamic properties are observed in each transformation, and the overall coefficient of performance (COP) of the system is evaluated and benchmarked against that of comparable inert working fluids. It is observed that the exothermic reaction during isothermal compression significantly increases the thermal energy supplied to the heat sink, as well as the thermal energy density per unit maximum volume, by up to 269 %, compared to an inert gas system. However, for the majority of reactive fluids studied, chemical reactions introduce irreversibility in the internal regenerator due to heat transfer across a finite temperature difference, contrary to the case of inert working fluids, penalizing the COP. Consequently, a reduction of up to 28 % in the COP is observed. Nevertheless, there exists a range of reactive fluids, characterized by reversible heat exchange in the internal regenerator, offering increased thermal energy transfer to the heat sink without compromising the COP.

在可持续供热技术领域，本研究探讨了斯特林热泵采用化学反应工作流体与传统惰性工作流体的性能对比。反应性工作流体是一种能量载体，不仅能在热泵内实现热能转换，还能实现化学能转换。这项研究利用理想气体混合物热力学模型，研究了多种理论上的反应性气体混合物。每种流体都以平衡化学反应为特征，表示为 A2(g)⇄2A(g)，并以一组反应坐标来区分：标准反应熵变和标准反应焓变。对每种转化过程中的化学反应演变和热力学性质进行了观察，并对系统的整体性能系数（COP）进行了评估，并与同类惰性工作流体的性能系数进行了比较。据观察，与惰性气体系统相比，等温压缩过程中的放热反应显著增加了供应给散热器的热能，以及单位最大体积的热能密度，增幅高达 269%。然而，与惰性工作流体的情况相反，对于所研究的大多数活性流体，化学反应会在内部再生器中引入不可逆转性，因为热量会通过有限的温差传递，从而降低 COP。因此，可以观察到 COP 降低了 28%。不过，也存在一系列反应性流体，其特点是内部再生器中的热交换是可逆的，可在不影响 COP 的情况下增加向散热器的热能传输。

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引用次数: 0

High potency of application on an open direct-contact thermal storage using humid air 利用潮湿空气对开放式直接接触蓄热器进行高效应用

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.019

To reuse low-temperature wasted heat as a thermal resource for high temperature, a direct-contact adsorption thermal storage was focused using humid air and zeolite 13X particles as the working fluid and adsorbent, respectively. Only a few previous studies have chosen the working fluid in gaseous form because it is unavailable for latent heat in generating heat sources. Recovering waste heat in humid air to generate hotter steam is unique and becomes an originality of our present work. The time required to regenerate zeolite particles and the maximum temperature of the generated steam were investigated assuming a warm-up device for a vehicle. The time required to regenerate zeolite was investigated by changing the dew point, temperature, and superficial velocity of the inlet humid air. It was mainly affected by the temperature of the inlet air. The absorbent was regenerated within 30 min when the humid air preheated to 200 °C was supplied. On the other hand, the maximum steam temperature was investigated by changing the superficial velocity and temperature of saturated inlet humid air. As one of the significant and novel finding in this work, the steam of >200 °C was obtained as a high-temperature heat source even with saturated humid air unavailable latent heat. Moreover, as theoretical knowledge, it was revealed that the maximum temperature of the heat source can be estimated by the relationship between the heat balance on the packed bed and adsorption equilibrium.

为了将低温废热作为高温热资源重新利用，研究人员重点研究了一种直接接触式吸附蓄热器，分别使用潮湿空气和沸石 13X 颗粒作为工作流体和吸附剂。之前只有少数研究选择了气态工作流体，因为在产生热源时无法利用其潜热。回收潮湿空气中的余热以产生更热的蒸汽是独一无二的，也是我们目前工作的独创性所在。我们假定沸石颗粒再生所需的时间和所产生蒸汽的最高温度为汽车预热装置进行了研究。通过改变入口潮湿空气的露点、温度和表面速度，研究了再生沸石所需的时间。它主要受入口空气温度的影响。当输入预热至 200 °C 的潮湿空气时，吸收剂可在 30 分钟内再生。另一方面，通过改变饱和入口湿空气的表面速度和温度，研究了最高蒸汽温度。这项工作的一个重要而新颖的发现是，即使饱和湿空气没有潜热，也能获得 200 °C 的高温热源蒸汽。此外，理论知识表明，热源的最高温度可以通过填料床的热平衡与吸附平衡之间的关系来估算。

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引用次数: 0

Novel fuel-efficient cryogenic carbon capture system for the combustion exhaust of LNG-powered ships 用于液化天然气动力船舶燃烧废气的新型燃料高效低温碳捕获系统

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.022

The traditional carbon capture technologies such as alcohol-amine decarburization, membrane separation, etc., are difficult to be used to cope with carbon emissions for ships, due to the power-hungry combustion exhaust pressurization consumption, poor economic benefits of carbon capture, etc. This paper presents a novel cryogenic desublimation CO₂ capture system (CDCC) coupled with LNG cold energy for LNG-powered ships. The proposed system not only significantly reduces the energy consumption of exhaust gas boosting but also utilizes waste cold energy from the LNG fuel gas supply system (FGSS). This enables the CO₂ gas to condense and separate at low temperatures. Through simulation and parameter optimization, the CO₂ capture rate and purity of CO₂ product can reach 92.87 % and 96.49 % respectively, with an energy consumption of 5.72 MJ/kg. To evaluate the CDCC performance, the typical monoethanolamine chemical absorption process (MEA) under the same flue gas inlet conditions and the consistent CO₂ product outlet temperature and pressure is also simulated. Comparative simulation with the MEA process shows similar CO₂ capture rates (87.13 % for MEA and 87.18 % for CDCC), but MEA achieves higher product purity by 2.58 %. However, MEA exhibits significantly higher energy consumption (33.28 MJ/kg) compared to CDCC (5.90 MJ/kg). Investigation into process parameters, engine powers, and CO₂ product parameters demonstrates CDCC's robustness in energy consumption, capture rate, and purity. The proposed CDCC system is well-suited for LNG-powered ships, which can be attributed to atmospheric exhaust gas treatment and self-contained utilization of cold energy.

传统的碳捕集技术，如醇胺脱碳、膜分离等，由于燃烧尾气增压耗电大、碳捕集经济效益差等原因，难以用于应对船舶碳排放问题。本文提出了一种新型低温升华二氧化碳捕集系统（CDCC），并将其与液化天然气冷能相结合，用于液化天然气动力船舶。该系统不仅大大降低了废气增压的能耗，还利用了液化天然气燃料气体供应系统（FGSS）的废冷能。这使得二氧化碳气体能够在低温下冷凝和分离。通过模拟和参数优化，二氧化碳捕集率和二氧化碳产品纯度分别达到 92.87 % 和 96.49 %，能耗为 5.72 MJ/kg。为了评估 CDCC 的性能，还模拟了典型的单乙醇胺化学吸收工艺（MEA），其烟气入口条件相同，二氧化碳产品出口温度和压力一致。与 MEA 工艺的比较模拟显示，MEA 和 CDCC 的二氧化碳捕集率相似（MEA 为 87.13%，CDCC 为 87.18%），但 MEA 的产品纯度高出 2.58%。不过，MEA 的能耗（33.28 兆焦/千克）明显高于 CDCC（5.90 兆焦/千克）。对工艺参数、发动机功率和二氧化碳产品参数的研究表明，CDCC 在能耗、捕获率和纯度方面都很稳定。建议的 CDCC 系统非常适合液化天然气动力船舶，这可归功于大气废气处理和冷能的独立利用。

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引用次数: 0

Energy and exergy analysis of a novel two-stage ejector refrigeration cycle using binary zeotropic mixturesres 使用二元各向同性混合物的新型两级喷射器制冷循环的能量和放能分析

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.016

To improve the ejector refrigeration cycle performance, this paper presents a theoretical thermodynamic analysis of a novel two-stage ejector refrigeration cycle (TSERC) with a gas-liquid separator using R134a/R32 and R600a/R290 as refrigerant. By separating the relatively low-boiling-point and high-boiling-point refrigerants, the cycle compression ratio decreases, the cycle performance increases, and the energy utilization efficiency can be improved. Energy and exergy analysis were conducted for the traditional single-stage ejector refrigeration cycle (SSERC) and TSERC. The effect of the mixture mass fraction on cycle performance under a fixed external heat source operating condition was studied, and the cycle performance comparisons between TSERC and SSERC at different evaporation temperature, condensation temperature and generation temperature were conducted. Results show that for TSERC, the maximum COP values 0.126 and 0.11, the maximum exergy efficiency 4.51 % and 4 % are obtained as the low-boiling-point mass fraction equals 0.6 and 0.4 respectively for R134a/R32 and R600a/R290. It is found that exergy destruction mainly occurs in the low-pressure sub-cycle of TSERC, the top three largest exergy destruction components are ejector 1, condenser 1 and generator 1, while the smallest exergy destruction occurs in pump 2. In addition, cycle performance comparison between SSERC and TSERC shows that the maximum COP improvement increased by 41.6 % and 89.6 % for 134a/R32 and R600a/R290 for TSERC, while the maximum entrainment ratio improvement increased by 32.4 % and 87.6 %. Moreover, it is concluded that the cycle performance improvement of TSERC is more significant at lower evaporation temperature, higher condensation temperature, and lower generation temperature compared to SSERC.

为了提高喷射器制冷循环的性能，本文对使用 R134a/R32 和 R600a/R290 作为制冷剂、带有气液分离器的新型两级喷射器制冷循环（TSERC）进行了理论热力学分析。通过分离相对低沸点和高沸点的制冷剂，降低了循环压缩比，提高了循环性能，提高了能源利用效率。对传统的单级喷射器制冷循环（SSERC）和 TSERC 进行了能量和放能分析。研究了在固定外部热源运行条件下混合物质量分数对循环性能的影响，并对 TSERC 和 SSERC 在不同蒸发温度、冷凝温度和发电温度下的循环性能进行了比较。结果表明，对于 TSERC，当 R134a/R32 和 R600a/R290 的低沸点质量分数分别等于 0.6 和 0.4 时，最大 COP 值分别为 0.126 和 0.11，最大放能效率分别为 4.51 % 和 4 %。研究发现，放能破坏主要发生在 TSERC 的低压子循环中，放能破坏最大的前三个部分分别是喷射器 1、冷凝器 1 和发生器 1，而泵 2 的放能破坏最小。此外，SSERC 和 TSERC 的循环性能比较显示，TSERC 的 134a/R32 和 R600a/R290 的最大 COP 提高了 41.6 % 和 89.6 %，而最大夹带比提高了 32.4 % 和 87.6 %。此外，与 SSERC 相比，TSERC 在较低蒸发温度、较高冷凝温度和较低生成温度下的循环性能改善更为显著。

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引用次数: 0

Heat-dynamics network model and energy analysis of a miniature free piston Stirling cryocooler for application of high operating temperature infrared detector 应用于高工作温度红外探测器的微型自由活塞斯特林低温冷却器的热动力学网络模型和能量分析

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.014

High Operating Temperature (HOT) infrared detectors with a miniature Stirling cryocooler, operating at 150 K and above, will become smaller size and more popular in applications with the development of infrared detector technology. In this paper a miniature free-piston Stirling cryocooler (FPSC) is developed for the application of HOT infrared detectors. Allowing for the active properties of the regenerator, actual thermal process in each chamber of the Stirling cryocooler, and the heat-dynamic coupling, the two-port network model is derived for each component of the FPSC, and then a heat-dynamics network analysis model is established for the entire cryocooler. Meanwhile, the performance prediction with the experimental verification is performed for the cryocooler prototype developed. Then analyses of energy losses are carried out, and the studied results shows that main loss for the expander of miniature cryocooler is ascribed to the non-ideal heat transfer of the regenerator. For the miniature cryocooler prototype developed, the cooling capacity of 1.35 W@150 K is achieved, at room temperature of 23 °C and the input power of 10 W_AC. The relative Carnot efficiency of the prototype is 13.5 %, and the maximum input power is 20 W_AC and the weigh is 200 g. The achieved performance is quite appropriate for the application of high operating temperature infrared detectors.

随着红外探测器技术的发展，采用微型斯特林低温冷却器、工作温度在 150 K 及以上的高工作温度（HOT）红外探测器的体积将越来越小，应用也将越来越广泛。本文为 HOT 红外探测器的应用开发了一种微型自由活塞斯特林低温冷却器（FPSC）。考虑到再生器的活性特性、斯特林低温冷却器各腔室的实际热过程以及热动力耦合，推导出了 FPSC 各组件的双端口网络模型，然后建立了整个低温冷却器的热动力网络分析模型。同时，对开发的低温冷却器原型进行了性能预测和实验验证。研究结果表明，微型低温冷却器膨胀机的主要损耗归因于再生器的非理想传热。对于所开发的微型低温冷却器原型，在室温 23 °C、输入功率为 10 WAC 时，冷却能力达到 1.35 W@150 K。原型机的相对卡诺效率为 13.5%，最大输入功率为 20 WAC，重量为 200 克。

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引用次数: 0

Research progress of stability and supercooling in phase change material emulsions 相变材料乳液稳定性和过冷度的研究进展

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.015

As the global environment continues to deteriorate and temperatures gradually rise, it has been realized that the utilization of renewable energy is one of the most effective measures to mitigate global warming. Thermal energy storage plays a crucial role in the energy mix, and phase change materials are among the most significant and effective methods of thermal energy utilization. Phase change material emulsions, as fluid-phase phase change materials, play a significant role in thermal energy storage and heat transfer. However, issues related to stability and supercooling hinder the practical application of phase change material emulsions. Consequently, this paper explores the current research status of stability and supercooling mechanisms and technologies. Firstly, this paper provides a brief overview of the fundamental concepts of phase change material emulsions. Then, it addresses the challenges related to controlling the stability of phase change material emulsions and the issue of significant supercooling. The paper elaborates on relevant research findings in detail, mechanisms, evaluation criteria, and potential solutions. Finally, the paper outlines the research progress of phase change material emulsions in the fields of solar energy, construction, and thermal management, demonstrating their potential to advance renewable energy and various industrial sectors.

随着全球环境的不断恶化和气温的逐渐升高，人们已经意识到，利用可再生能源是减缓全球变暖的最有效措施之一。热能储存在能源组合中起着至关重要的作用，而相变材料是热能利用中最重要、最有效的方法之一。相变材料乳液作为流体相变材料，在热能储存和热传递方面发挥着重要作用。然而，与稳定性和过冷度相关的问题阻碍了相变材料乳液的实际应用。因此，本文探讨了稳定性和过冷机制与技术的研究现状。首先，本文概述了相变材料乳液的基本概念。然后，本文探讨了与控制相变材料乳液稳定性相关的挑战和显著过冷问题。论文详细阐述了相关研究成果、机制、评估标准和潜在解决方案。最后，论文概述了相变材料乳液在太阳能、建筑和热管理领域的研究进展，展示了其在推动可再生能源和各工业部门发展方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Theoretical study and experimental verification of the viscosities of azeotropic refrigerant R515B 共沸制冷剂 R515B 粘度的理论研究和实验验证

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.012

One essential aspect of the studies on the refrigeration and heat pump technology is to search for new alternative working fluids. Meanwhile, the azeotropic mixtures of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)/hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) have attracted researchers not only in fundamentals research field but also in the industry fields due to its good performance and applicability. Therefore, to promote application research, this study is focused on the characteristics of viscosity for azeotrope R515B, which is widely recognized and studied from the thermodynamic aspect. Hence, the high-pressure density and viscosity in liquid phase of R515B were measured with a vibrating-wire viscosimeter within the temperature range in 253 K to 363 K when pressure changes from 1 MPa to 12 MPa. The combined expended uncertainties with a confidence level of 0.95 (k = 2) of density and viscosity are 0.2 % and 2 %, respectively. In addition, a modified viscosity model is proposed with combining the parameterization method of thermodynamic equation of state (EoS) in previous work and the modified entropy variable as well as reduced viscosity reference term of residual entropy scaling (RES) theory. Furthermore, the systematical comparison results among this model and three benchmark viscosity models available illustrate that the RES model proposed in this research is robust and precise in a wide range of operation condition.

制冷和热泵技术研究的一个重要方面是寻找新的替代工作流体。与此同时，氢氟碳化物（HFCs）/氢氟烯烃（HFOs）共沸混合物因其良好的性能和适用性，不仅在基础研究领域，也在工业领域吸引了研究人员的目光。因此，为了促进应用研究，本研究重点关注共沸物 R515B 的粘度特性，从热力学方面对其进行了广泛的认识和研究。因此，在 253 K 至 363 K 的温度范围内，当压力从 1 MPa 变化到 12 MPa 时，使用振弦粘度计测量了 R515B 的高压密度和液相粘度。在置信度为 0.95（k = 2）的条件下，密度和粘度的综合不确定度分别为 0.2 % 和 2 %。此外，结合前人工作中热力学状态方程（EoS）的参数化方法和修正的熵变量以及残余熵缩放（RES）理论的降低粘度参考项，提出了修正的粘度模型。此外，该模型与现有三个基准粘度模型的系统比较结果表明，本研究提出的 RES 模型在各种运行条件下都具有稳健性和精确性。

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引用次数: 0