Drug related problem (DRP) is an event or circumstance involving drug therapy that actually or potentially interferes with desired health outcomes. Nowadays geriatric patients are at high risk of DRPs due to polypharmacy and altered physiology or due to older patients cannot manage their medication. DRPs also could arise from age related chronic diseases. The DRPs following hospital discharged cases also increased in elder people with chronic disease. Geriatric patients faces DRPs include inappropriate use of medication, polypharmacy, noncompliance, ADRs, drug-drug interaction, etc. Geriatric patients require more care because DRPs sometimes leads to hospital admission days, cost of the medication, increased morbidity rate and reduce the quality of life etc. So these category people need special consideration while selecting the drug therapy and its pattern. Like other health care services this special category of patients’ needs good care or services from a team of health care professionals including clinical pharmacists. This review article aims to understand the risk factors and different types of DRPs that are facing by the elderly people due to inappropriate medication use and pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists.
{"title":"Drug Related Problems in Geriatric Patients with Inappropriate Medication Use","authors":"Niveditha Tv, A. Pradhan, A. Shabaraya","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210559","url":null,"abstract":"Drug related problem (DRP) is an event or circumstance involving drug therapy that actually or potentially interferes with desired health outcomes. Nowadays geriatric patients are at high risk of DRPs due to polypharmacy and altered physiology or due to older patients cannot manage their medication. DRPs also could arise from age related chronic diseases. The DRPs following hospital discharged cases also increased in elder people with chronic disease. Geriatric patients faces DRPs include inappropriate use of medication, polypharmacy, noncompliance, ADRs, drug-drug interaction, etc. Geriatric patients require more care because DRPs sometimes leads to hospital admission days, cost of the medication, increased morbidity rate and reduce the quality of life etc. So these category people need special consideration while selecting the drug therapy and its pattern. Like other health care services this special category of patients’ needs good care or services from a team of health care professionals including clinical pharmacists. This review article aims to understand the risk factors and different types of DRPs that are facing by the elderly people due to inappropriate medication use and pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"254 1","pages":"487-496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90518080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background-Superficial Mycosis, which is the most common fungal infection affecting human beings, includes Dermatophytosis and Dermatomycoses, which are the infections of superficial keratinized layer of skin, nail & hair by Dermatophytes and non Dermatophytic moulds or yeasts respectively. This clinical entity is very common in hot, humid tropical climate of India with prevalence ranging from 30-60% but its precise case magnitude and epidemiology in North eastern India cannot be stated as there are only few studies conducted. So, this study is undertaken to 1) Find the prevalence of Superficial Mycosis in a tertiary health care centre of Southern Assam.2) Study the clinical profile of the cases 3) Isolate and identify the causative agents of Superficial mycosis. Materials & Method- The study has been conducted on 250 samples from clinically suspected and untreated cases of superficial mycosis from Aug 2017 to Dec 2018. 2 separate sets of samples from edge of skin lesion/nail /hair were collected, of which 1 sample was subjected to direct microscopy with (10-40) % KOH and the other part was subjected to 2 sets of fungal culture in SDA tubes at 25°Cand 37°C & followed for 3 weeks. In Culture positive cases, fungal identification was based on colony morphology, pigment production & LPCB mount. For confirmation of isolates, Slide Culture and biochemical tests were done. Result-Out of total 250 samples,115 samples (46%) showed presence of fungal elements in KOH examination, of which 73 were culture positive and of the KOH negative samples 10 samples were culture positive, thus making the prevalence 33.2% (83/250). Clinically, Tinea corporis was the most common form of both superficial mycosis & Dermatophytosis and Pityriasis Versicolor has been found the most common Dermatomycosis. Males(21-50yrs) were affected by superficial mycosis more than Females(16-30yr). Trichophyton mentagrophyte was the mostly isolated agent causing superficial mycosis.
{"title":"Clinico-Mycological Study of Superficial Mycoses in a Tertiary Health Care Centre of Southern Assam","authors":"Barnamoy Bhattacharjee, A. Chakravarty, D. Chanda","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210554","url":null,"abstract":"Background-Superficial Mycosis, which is the most common fungal infection affecting human beings, includes Dermatophytosis and Dermatomycoses, which are the infections of superficial keratinized layer of skin, nail & hair by Dermatophytes and non Dermatophytic moulds or yeasts respectively. This clinical entity is very common in hot, humid tropical climate of India with prevalence ranging from 30-60% but its precise case magnitude and epidemiology in North eastern India cannot be stated as there are only few studies conducted. So, this study is undertaken to 1) Find the prevalence of Superficial Mycosis in a tertiary health care centre of Southern Assam.2) Study the clinical profile of the cases 3) Isolate and identify the causative agents of Superficial mycosis. \u0000Materials & Method- The study has been conducted on 250 samples from clinically suspected and untreated cases of superficial mycosis from Aug 2017 to Dec 2018. 2 separate sets of samples from edge of skin lesion/nail /hair were collected, of which 1 sample was subjected to direct microscopy with (10-40) % KOH and the other part was subjected to 2 sets of fungal culture in SDA tubes at 25°Cand 37°C & followed for 3 weeks. In Culture positive cases, fungal identification was based on colony morphology, pigment production & LPCB mount. For confirmation of isolates, Slide Culture and biochemical tests were done. \u0000Result-Out of total 250 samples,115 samples (46%) showed presence of fungal elements in KOH examination, of which 73 were culture positive and of the KOH negative samples 10 samples were culture positive, thus making the prevalence 33.2% (83/250). Clinically, Tinea corporis was the most common form of both superficial mycosis & Dermatophytosis and Pityriasis Versicolor has been found the most common Dermatomycosis. Males(21-50yrs) were affected by superficial mycosis more than Females(16-30yr). Trichophyton mentagrophyte was the mostly isolated agent causing superficial mycosis.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"438-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75312319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the distribution of dump sites within The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria. IKONOS Satellite imagery was acquired and processed for proper identification of the existing dump sites. Field data were acquired using Global Positioning System (Garmin GPS 72csx). Image and data processing as well as database creation was done using ArcGIS 10.5 (Arcmap 10.5). Legal and illegal dump sites were identified and mapped out and as well as the proximity of the dump sites to roads, residential areas and waterways in the study area were determined. Composite map and spatial analysis map queries were produced. From the result, it shows that eleven (11) legal dump sites and twenty four (24) illegal dump sites were within the study area. World standards on dump sites conformity were considered. From the result in the study area, it shows that there are more illegal dump sites than legal dump sites. Based on proximity of the dump sites to the roads, waterways and built up areas, many of the dump site were very close to buildings where they only not destroy the aesthetic value of the areas but also constitute breeding grounds for vectors like flies, rodents, mosquitoes, which transmit diseases like typhoid fever, malaria, cholera and laser fever which are part of the killer diseases in Nigeria and most of the African countries. Therefore, the study recommends that more legal dump sites should be created and monitored in the study area, most especially in the Northern parts the study area since the population there is high. Also, students as well as staff should be well educated on the risk associated with indiscriminate refuse disposal.
{"title":"Dump Sites Location and its Health Implications within the Polytechnic, Ibadan using Geographical Information System Approach","authors":"O. Fatunmibi, Adetola Olufunmilayo Gbopa","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210557","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the distribution of dump sites within The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria. IKONOS Satellite imagery was acquired and processed for proper identification of the existing dump sites. Field data were acquired using Global Positioning System (Garmin GPS 72csx). Image and data processing as well as database creation was done using ArcGIS 10.5 (Arcmap 10.5). Legal and illegal dump sites were identified and mapped out and as well as the proximity of the dump sites to roads, residential areas and waterways in the study area were determined. Composite map and spatial analysis map queries were produced. From the result, it shows that eleven (11) legal dump sites and twenty four (24) illegal dump sites were within the study area. World standards on dump sites conformity were considered. From the result in the study area, it shows that there are more illegal dump sites than legal dump sites. Based on proximity of the dump sites to the roads, waterways and built up areas, many of the dump site were very close to buildings where they only not destroy the aesthetic value of the areas but also constitute breeding grounds for vectors like flies, rodents, mosquitoes, which transmit diseases like typhoid fever, malaria, cholera and laser fever which are part of the killer diseases in Nigeria and most of the African countries. Therefore, the study recommends that more legal dump sites should be created and monitored in the study area, most especially in the Northern parts the study area since the population there is high. Also, students as well as staff should be well educated on the risk associated with indiscriminate refuse disposal.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"342 1","pages":"467-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77780710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whey protein is the number one supplement being used by body builders and athletes today to reach their fitness goals. Whey protein is gaining its popularity even if there are some myths regarding whey protein. Whey is a milk protein that has become extremely popular in recent years. One of the main reasons for its popularity is the fact that whey protein has been linked to muscle building and increased strength. Most body builders do associate real gains with whey protein supplements. Even though the benefits of using whey protein are pretty clear, there still exist some myths about this supplement. Whey protein is the best-selling product in sports nutrition. It sets the standards for other products in this category and is, therefore, worth examining. Whey protein supplements were once considered just an alternative for bodybuilders to help them get that ripped body. However, the scenario has changed over the years as more and more research shows that this is not only a useful supplement for those trying to shed unwanted fat in a shorter period, but also for your overall health, if you are already living a healthy lifestyle. Safety is the major concern of people when they look into the whey protein supplements. They want to know the possible adverse effects of this supplement, especially in relation to health issues. Whey protein supplements contain the same amino acids that are found in meat, including leucine, isoleucine and valine. Whey is a by-product of cheese that is extracted from milk. It’s kind of like candy to body builders since it provides body mass and muscle gain. It looks like slimy, white blobs. It tastes like chalk. And that’s just what’s left in the cup once you’ve scooped out the liquid gold that is whey protein.
{"title":"Getting Whey-Hearted: A Review Responding to Myths about Protein, Specifically Whey","authors":"S. Manoj, A. Shabaraya","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210560","url":null,"abstract":"Whey protein is the number one supplement being used by body builders and athletes today to reach their fitness goals. Whey protein is gaining its popularity even if there are some myths regarding whey protein. Whey is a milk protein that has become extremely popular in recent years. One of the main reasons for its popularity is the fact that whey protein has been linked to muscle building and increased strength. Most body builders do associate real gains with whey protein supplements. Even though the benefits of using whey protein are pretty clear, there still exist some myths about this supplement. Whey protein is the best-selling product in sports nutrition. It sets the standards for other products in this category and is, therefore, worth examining. Whey protein supplements were once considered just an alternative for bodybuilders to help them get that ripped body. However, the scenario has changed over the years as more and more research shows that this is not only a useful supplement for those trying to shed unwanted fat in a shorter period, but also for your overall health, if you are already living a healthy lifestyle. Safety is the major concern of people when they look into the whey protein supplements. They want to know the possible adverse effects of this supplement, especially in relation to health issues. Whey protein supplements contain the same amino acids that are found in meat, including leucine, isoleucine and valine. Whey is a by-product of cheese that is extracted from milk. It’s kind of like candy to body builders since it provides body mass and muscle gain. It looks like slimy, white blobs. It tastes like chalk. And that’s just what’s left in the cup once you’ve scooped out the liquid gold that is whey protein.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"497-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75832919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science and technology (S&T) is the driving force of economic growth, this has been recognized by many countries around the world. In Vietnam, the results of S&T research at the local level (provincial level) have important implications for social, economic development. Promote application of S&T research results interested by the Party and the State, which are confirmed in many resolutions and legal documents of Vietnam. By the research method combining quantitative and qualitative, with the use of primary and secondary data, the paper clarifies the economic impact of S&T research results from S&T tasks (case study in Nghe An province of Vietnam), were accomplished from 2005 to 2015 and their impact from 2016 to 2020 on social, economic development of Nghe An province. From there, recommending solutions and policies to promote social, economic development of Nghe An province based on S&T development.
{"title":"Economic Impact of Research Results on Local Social and Economic Development","authors":"Vo Hai Quang, N. Binh, Nguyen Huu Xuyen","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210542","url":null,"abstract":"Science and technology (S&T) is the driving force of economic growth, this has been recognized by many countries around the world. In Vietnam, the results of S&T research at the local level (provincial level) have important implications for social, economic development. Promote application of S&T research results interested by the Party and the State, which are confirmed in many resolutions and legal documents of Vietnam. By the research method combining quantitative and qualitative, with the use of primary and secondary data, the paper clarifies the economic impact of S&T research results from S&T tasks (case study in Nghe An province of Vietnam), were accomplished from 2005 to 2015 and their impact from 2016 to 2020 on social, economic development of Nghe An province. From there, recommending solutions and policies to promote social, economic development of Nghe An province based on S&T development.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"37 2 1","pages":"330-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77873765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to examine the effect of return on equity, debt to equity ratio, and current ratio on stock returns. Several previous studies regarding stock returns show different results. Therefore, other research needs to be done to retest stock returns. The population of this study is the large trading companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) 2016-2018. Based on the purposive sampling method in the data collection process, obtained 14 companies as samples. The research variables used are return on equity (ROE), debt to equity ratio (DER), current ratio (CR), and stock returns. Hypothesis testing was carried out by multiple linear regression analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program version 21.0. The results showed that partially, ROE and DER had a significant effect on stock returns, while the CR had no significant effect on stock returns.
{"title":"Effect of Return on Equity, Debt to Equity Ratio and Current Ratio to Stock Returns in Large Trading Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2016-2018 Period","authors":"Fenny, Yusuf Ronny Edward","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210548","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the effect of return on equity, debt to equity ratio, and current ratio on stock returns. Several previous studies regarding stock returns show different results. Therefore, other research needs to be done to retest stock returns. The population of this study is the large trading companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) 2016-2018. Based on the purposive sampling method in the data collection process, obtained 14 companies as samples. The research variables used are return on equity (ROE), debt to equity ratio (DER), current ratio (CR), and stock returns. Hypothesis testing was carried out by multiple linear regression analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program version 21.0. The results showed that partially, ROE and DER had a significant effect on stock returns, while the CR had no significant effect on stock returns.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"389-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79129220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is aimed at analysing the impacts of financial preparation and disaster experience on households’ disaster risk perception, including perceptions of likelihood and severity in Quang Binh Province of Vietnam, one of the areas strongly affected by natural disasters and climate change. With the data from direct surveying 308 households in Quang Binh province, the research methodology includes Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA and OLS regression models. The key findings are: First, disaster experience has positive impact on natural disaster risk perception. Second, financial preparation has negative impact on natural disaster risk perception. Third, the risks of natural disasters in Quang Binh Province are increasing and unpredictable due to rapid economic growth and urbanization. This fact requires the Government, provincial committees, and stakeholders to go beyond traditional coping methods, implement more customized policies and specific actions to try to reduce the risks of natural disasters.
{"title":"The Impact of Financial Preparation and Disaster Experience on Households’ Disaster Risk Perception: Empirical Evidence from Quang Binh Province, Vietnam","authors":"T. Le, Trang Thai, T. Do","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210544","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is aimed at analysing the impacts of financial preparation and disaster experience on households’ disaster risk perception, including perceptions of likelihood and severity in Quang Binh Province of Vietnam, one of the areas strongly affected by natural disasters and climate change. With the data from direct surveying 308 households in Quang Binh province, the research methodology includes Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA and OLS regression models. The key findings are: First, disaster experience has positive impact on natural disaster risk perception. Second, financial preparation has negative impact on natural disaster risk perception. Third, the risks of natural disasters in Quang Binh Province are increasing and unpredictable due to rapid economic growth and urbanization. This fact requires the Government, provincial committees, and stakeholders to go beyond traditional coping methods, implement more customized policies and specific actions to try to reduce the risks of natural disasters.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"344-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89334696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: ICDS is an integrated program intended for Maternal and Child Care which adopts a holistic, lifecycle approach. Its main focus is on health, nutrition and education. Urban ICDS caters to the vulnerable urban slum population. Despite the program running for four decades its impact on its beneficiaries is still slow. The Anganwadi worker and helper are the grass-root functionaries running this program through Anganwadi centre. Hence this study was conducted to assess the functioning of the Anganwadi centre. Methodology: A Descriptive Cross-sectional study was conducted at all 15 urban-ICDS Anganwadi Centres of Khopoli during September-November 2019. The Anganwadi workers and helpers were interviewed regarding their sociodemographic details, knowledge and challenges perceived to run the centre. Observational Checklist designed based on guidelines and standard proforma for monitoring of the ICDS projects was used to assess infrastructure, equipment and registers. Results: Out of 14, 11(78.57%) Anganwadi workers had more than a decade experience. Indoor space of 600 sq.ft was available in 7(46.67%) centres. Toilets with running water were available in 9(60%) Anganwadi Centres and 6(40%) were linked to the school. Functional Salter’s weighing scale was available in 11(73.33%) Anganwadi centres. All 12 registers were available in 9(60%) Anganwadi centres. The utilization of services by pregnant women was the highest. Partially immunized children were present in 2(13.33%) Anganwadi centres. The service gap was highest (100%) with health check-up. Conclusions: There is a gap in the availability of infrastructure and utilization of some services. Key-words: urban ICDS, Maharashtra, Service gap INTRODUCTION Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) was launched with a vision to provide a holistic package using a lifecycle approach under one roof. The main thrust is on the villages and slums which comprise 75% of the population. The impact of this scheme has made a difference in the health and development of the vulnerable groups in India. But even after four decades since the launch of this programme, NFHS4 data states that 32.4% pregnant women received full antenatal care, 36 % children were malnourished and 56.2% children fully immunized in Maharashtra. [1] The Anganwadi worker and Anganwadi helper through the Anganwadi Centre are responsible for bridging the service utilization gaps between the vulnerable groups and the healthcare system. Many studies over past years have brought to light that most of the problems revolve around the Anganwadi worker and the Anganwadi Centre itself. [2-4] Poor and inadequate infrastructure can create hazards and health problems for the children attending the Anganwadi and can cause loss Priyanka Mary Wilson et.al. Assessment of integrated child development services (ICDS) at grass root level in an Urban Area, Raigad District, Maharashtra. International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 338 Vo
{"title":"Assessment of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) at Grass Root Level in an Urban Area, Raigad District, Maharashtra","authors":"Priyanka Mary Wilson, S. Sanjeev","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210543","url":null,"abstract":"Background: ICDS is an integrated program intended for Maternal and Child Care which adopts a holistic, lifecycle approach. Its main focus is on health, nutrition and education. Urban ICDS caters to the vulnerable urban slum population. Despite the program running for four decades its impact on its beneficiaries is still slow. The Anganwadi worker and helper are the grass-root functionaries running this program through Anganwadi centre. Hence this study was conducted to assess the functioning of the Anganwadi centre. Methodology: A Descriptive Cross-sectional study was conducted at all 15 urban-ICDS Anganwadi Centres of Khopoli during September-November 2019. The Anganwadi workers and helpers were interviewed regarding their sociodemographic details, knowledge and challenges perceived to run the centre. Observational Checklist designed based on guidelines and standard proforma for monitoring of the ICDS projects was used to assess infrastructure, equipment and registers. Results: Out of 14, 11(78.57%) Anganwadi workers had more than a decade experience. Indoor space of 600 sq.ft was available in 7(46.67%) centres. Toilets with running water were available in 9(60%) Anganwadi Centres and 6(40%) were linked to the school. Functional Salter’s weighing scale was available in 11(73.33%) Anganwadi centres. All 12 registers were available in 9(60%) Anganwadi centres. The utilization of services by pregnant women was the highest. Partially immunized children were present in 2(13.33%) Anganwadi centres. The service gap was highest (100%) with health check-up. Conclusions: There is a gap in the availability of infrastructure and utilization of some services. Key-words: urban ICDS, Maharashtra, Service gap INTRODUCTION Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) was launched with a vision to provide a holistic package using a lifecycle approach under one roof. The main thrust is on the villages and slums which comprise 75% of the population. The impact of this scheme has made a difference in the health and development of the vulnerable groups in India. But even after four decades since the launch of this programme, NFHS4 data states that 32.4% pregnant women received full antenatal care, 36 % children were malnourished and 56.2% children fully immunized in Maharashtra. [1] The Anganwadi worker and Anganwadi helper through the Anganwadi Centre are responsible for bridging the service utilization gaps between the vulnerable groups and the healthcare system. Many studies over past years have brought to light that most of the problems revolve around the Anganwadi worker and the Anganwadi Centre itself. [2-4] Poor and inadequate infrastructure can create hazards and health problems for the children attending the Anganwadi and can cause loss Priyanka Mary Wilson et.al. Assessment of integrated child development services (ICDS) at grass root level in an Urban Area, Raigad District, Maharashtra. International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 338 Vo","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"337-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81671561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.29121/GRANTHAALAYAH.V9.I5.2021.3933
Eunice B. Bakare, A. Oredein
This study compared the leadership styles of principals dominating in both public and private secondary schools in Ido Local Government Area of Ibadan, Oyo State, and also investigated the principals’ gender differences. Leadership styles examined include: autocratic, visionary, pacesetting, democratic, coaching, servant, laissez-faire, transformational, transactional, bureaucratic anddigital. A descriptive research design was adopted. The population of the study consists of 26 public secondary schools and 97 registered private secondary schools. The total population of teachers in the study were 1194. Using the Taro Yamane formula, a sample size of 306 respondents were sampled of which questionnaires were administered and 305 questionnaires were retrieved and used for analysis. A self-designed questionnaire that yielded reliability coef icients of r= 0.942, 0.911, 0.924 were used for data collection. A research question and two hypotheseswere used to guide the study. The indings of the study showed a signi icant difference in the leadership style adopted by school principals of both school types with mean =92.5 and 1149, SD= 9.712 and 11.634, while (t = 0.719; df= 301, p <0.05). There is also a signi icant gender difference in the leadership style adoptedbyprincipals of both schoolswithmean=125.14 and 120.97, SD= 14.195 and 9.318 and (t= 2.909; df= 301; p< 0.05). The study concluded that though there are signi icant differences in the leadership styles adopted by the school principals, there are no one best leadership styles. It is therefore recommended that; principals of both school types should blend and adopt styles that best it the situation at hand. Thus, leadership style should be applied based on contingency.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEADERSHIP STYLES IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF IBADAN, OYO STATE","authors":"Eunice B. Bakare, A. Oredein","doi":"10.29121/GRANTHAALAYAH.V9.I5.2021.3933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29121/GRANTHAALAYAH.V9.I5.2021.3933","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the leadership styles of principals dominating in both public and private secondary schools in Ido Local Government Area of Ibadan, Oyo State, and also investigated the principals’ gender differences. Leadership styles examined include: autocratic, visionary, pacesetting, democratic, coaching, servant, laissez-faire, transformational, transactional, bureaucratic anddigital. A descriptive research design was adopted. The population of the study consists of 26 public secondary schools and 97 registered private secondary schools. The total population of teachers in the study were 1194. Using the Taro Yamane formula, a sample size of 306 respondents were sampled of which questionnaires were administered and 305 questionnaires were retrieved and used for analysis. A self-designed questionnaire that yielded reliability coef icients of r= 0.942, 0.911, 0.924 were used for data collection. A research question and two hypotheseswere used to guide the study. The indings of the study showed a signi icant difference in the leadership style adopted by school principals of both school types with mean =92.5 and 1149, SD= 9.712 and 11.634, while (t = 0.719; df= 301, p <0.05). There is also a signi icant gender difference in the leadership style adoptedbyprincipals of both schoolswithmean=125.14 and 120.97, SD= 14.195 and 9.318 and (t= 2.909; df= 301; p< 0.05). The study concluded that though there are signi icant differences in the leadership styles adopted by the school principals, there are no one best leadership styles. It is therefore recommended that; principals of both school types should blend and adopt styles that best it the situation at hand. Thus, leadership style should be applied based on contingency.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"78 1","pages":"227-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74177466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems of equations of the form X = Y + Z and X = C, in which the unknowns are sets of integers,”+” denotes pairwise sum of sets S + T = m + n m S, n T , and C is an ultimately periodic constant. When restricted to sets of natural numbers, such equations can be equally seen as language equations over a one-letter alphabet with concatenation and regular constants, and it is shown that such systems are computationally universal, in the sense that for every recursive set S N there exists a system with a unique solution containing T with S = n 16n + 13 T. For systems over sets of all integers, both positive and negative, there is a similar construction of a system with a unique solution S = {n|16n ∈ T} representing any hyper-arithmetical set S ⊆ N.
形式为X = Y + Z和X = C的方程组，其中未知数是整数集，“+”表示集合S + T = m + n m S, n T的成对和，C是最终周期常数。当限制在自然数集合上时，这样的方程可以被看作是具有连接和正则常数的单字母字母表上的语言方程，并且证明了这样的系统在计算上是全称的，即对于每一个递归集合sn存在一个系统，其唯一解包含T, S = N 16n + 13 T。存在一个系统的类似构造，其唯一解S = {n|16n∈T}表示任何超算术集S∈n。
{"title":"The Equation of the Set of Natural Numbers Just to Sum","authors":"Tulus Nadapdap, Tulus, Opim Salim","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210547","url":null,"abstract":"Systems of equations of the form X = Y + Z and X = C, in which the unknowns are sets of integers,”+” denotes pairwise sum of sets S + T = m + n m S, n T , and C is an ultimately periodic constant. When restricted to sets of natural numbers, such equations can be equally seen as language equations over a one-letter alphabet with concatenation and regular constants, and it is shown that such systems are computationally universal, in the sense that for every recursive set S N there exists a system with a unique solution containing T with S = n 16n + 13 T. For systems over sets of all integers, both positive and negative, there is a similar construction of a system with a unique solution S = {n|16n ∈ T} representing any hyper-arithmetical set S ⊆ N.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"88 1","pages":"379-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77004409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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