Antenatal care is the ‘care before birth’ to promote the well-being of mother and fetus, and it is essential to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, low-weight births and perinatal mortality. The care for the mother during pregnancy, during delivery, and after delivery is important for the wellbeing of the mother and the child. Maternal health-care varies within developing countries, which shows differences between affluent and poor women, and between women living in urban and rural areas. Health care service provision in India is very diverse, with rural services achieving considerably less coverage than their urban counterparts. It was found that following factors affects the antenatal care utilization maternal education, husband’s education, marital status, availability, cost, household income, women’s employment, media exposure and having a history of obstetric complications. If a woman visited health centre three or more than three times, her chances were 31 percent higher to deliver in an institution. Poorer women may prefer home-based delivery care. Lack of affordability might explain the large poor–rich inequalities in professional delivery attendance within urban and rural areas. Traditional beliefs and ideas about pregnancy also influence on antenatal care use. Older women would have accumulated knowledge on maternal health care and therefore would likely have more self-confidence on pregnancy and childbirth and thus, may give less importance to obtaining institutional care. Incomplete access and underutilization of modern healthcare services are major causes for poor health in the developing countries. There is a need of enhancing community awareness about the importance for educating women about early detection of complications during pregnancy and promptly seeking care, and about the importance of giving birth in a health facility.
{"title":"A Review on Antenatal Care in Developing Country Like India","authors":"Irin Ephrem, Ateendra Jha, A. Shabaraya","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210549","url":null,"abstract":"Antenatal care is the ‘care before birth’ to promote the well-being of mother and fetus, and it is essential to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, low-weight births and perinatal mortality. The care for the mother during pregnancy, during delivery, and after delivery is important for the wellbeing of the mother and the child. Maternal health-care varies within developing countries, which shows differences between affluent and poor women, and between women living in urban and rural areas. Health care service provision in India is very diverse, with rural services achieving considerably less coverage than their urban counterparts. It was found that following factors affects the antenatal care utilization maternal education, husband’s education, marital status, availability, cost, household income, women’s employment, media exposure and having a history of obstetric complications. If a woman visited health centre three or more than three times, her chances were 31 percent higher to deliver in an institution. Poorer women may prefer home-based delivery care. Lack of affordability might explain the large poor–rich inequalities in professional delivery attendance within urban and rural areas. Traditional beliefs and ideas about pregnancy also influence on antenatal care use. Older women would have accumulated knowledge on maternal health care and therefore would likely have more self-confidence on pregnancy and childbirth and thus, may give less importance to obtaining institutional care. Incomplete access and underutilization of modern healthcare services are major causes for poor health in the developing countries. There is a need of enhancing community awareness about the importance for educating women about early detection of complications during pregnancy and promptly seeking care, and about the importance of giving birth in a health facility.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"397-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83079585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benzotriazole (BTA) is a nitrogen containing heterocyclic derivative containing three nitrogen atoms at 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd positions with chemical formula C6H5N3. Benzotriazole and its derivatives have great significance in medicinal chemistry and these derivatives were used by several chemists for therapeutic conditions because it possessing a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including anti bacterial, anti fungal, anti viral, anti inflammatory, anti hyperglycemic, anti hypertensive, anti cancer and analgesic activity. In this review, different synthetic methods for the preparation of benzotriazole, importance of benzotriazole derivatives in biomedical research, highlighting its biological behavior, versatile activities and Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) studies are described. This review will help the researchers to understand the structure activity relationships and improvise the concepts in their research field.
{"title":"An Overview on Medicinal Perspective and Biological Behavior of Benzotriazole; Synthetic Study on Its Multifaceted Biological Activities","authors":"V. Anjana, P. M. Kumar","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210546","url":null,"abstract":"Benzotriazole (BTA) is a nitrogen containing heterocyclic derivative containing three nitrogen atoms at 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd positions with chemical formula C6H5N3. Benzotriazole and its derivatives have great significance in medicinal chemistry and these derivatives were used by several chemists for therapeutic conditions because it possessing a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including anti bacterial, anti fungal, anti viral, anti inflammatory, anti hyperglycemic, anti hypertensive, anti cancer and analgesic activity. In this review, different synthetic methods for the preparation of benzotriazole, importance of benzotriazole derivatives in biomedical research, highlighting its biological behavior, versatile activities and Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) studies are described. This review will help the researchers to understand the structure activity relationships and improvise the concepts in their research field.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"365-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90790404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.29121/GRANTHAALAYAH.V9.I5.2021.3908
Monika Yadav
English: Significant changes have taken place in the importance and form of agriculture from the beginning to the present period. In the Vedic period, the use of iron tools and later the discovery of irrigation techniques made people more efficient in agriculture, while in the British era, growing commercial crops like cotton and indigo brought about a big change and earning money became the main objective of agriculture. As a result of this, the food crisis has emerged as a major problem. The Green Revolution of the 1970s heralded a new era of rapid food production. One of the main catalysts for this revolution was the use of chemical fertilizers. Certainly, the Green Revolution solved the immediate food crisis, but heralded a harmful method for the future. We have to be ready to deal with the ill effects of it. Hindi: आदि काल स वरतमान काल तक कषि क महतव तथा रप म आमलचल परिवरतन हए ह। वदिक काल म लोह क औजारो का परयोग तथा बाद म सिचाई तकनीक की खोज स लोग कषि म अधिक सकषम हए तो वही, बरिटिश काल म कपास और नील जसी वाणिजयिक फसल उगान स बड़ा बदलाव आया और धन कमाना कषि का परमख उददशय हो गया। इसक दषपरिणाम सवरप खादय सकट एक बड़ी समसया क रप म सामन आया। 1970 क दशक म आई हरित करानति न तीवर खादयानन उतपादन क एक नए यग का सतरपात किया। इस करानति का एक परमख उतपररक रासायनिक उरवरको का परयोग रहा। निशचय ही हरित करानति न तातकालिक खादयानन सकट का समाधान किया किनत भविषय क लिए एक हानिकारक पदधति का सतरपात कर दिया। जिसक दषपरिणामो स निपटन क लिए भी हम तयार रहना होगा।
{"title":"THE GROWING USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS IN AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PRAYAGRAJ DISTRICT","authors":"Monika Yadav","doi":"10.29121/GRANTHAALAYAH.V9.I5.2021.3908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29121/GRANTHAALAYAH.V9.I5.2021.3908","url":null,"abstract":"English: Significant changes have taken place in the importance and form of agriculture from the beginning to the present period. In the Vedic period, the use of iron tools and later the discovery of irrigation techniques made people more efficient in agriculture, while in the British era, growing commercial crops like cotton and indigo brought about a big change and earning money became the main objective of agriculture. As a result of this, the food crisis has emerged as a major problem. The Green Revolution of the 1970s heralded a new era of rapid food production. One of the main catalysts for this revolution was the use of chemical fertilizers. Certainly, the Green Revolution solved the immediate food crisis, but heralded a harmful method for the future. We have to be ready to deal with the ill effects of it. \u0000 \u0000Hindi: आदि काल स वरतमान काल तक कषि क महतव तथा रप म आमलचल परिवरतन हए ह। वदिक काल म लोह क औजारो का परयोग तथा बाद म सिचाई तकनीक की खोज स लोग कषि म अधिक सकषम हए तो वही, बरिटिश काल म कपास और नील जसी वाणिजयिक फसल उगान स बड़ा बदलाव आया और धन कमाना कषि का परमख उददशय हो गया। इसक दषपरिणाम सवरप खादय सकट एक बड़ी समसया क रप म सामन आया। 1970 क दशक म आई हरित करानति न तीवर खादयानन उतपादन क एक नए यग का सतरपात किया। इस करानति का एक परमख उतपररक रासायनिक उरवरको का परयोग रहा। निशचय ही हरित करानति न तातकालिक खादयानन सकट का समाधान किया किनत भविषय क लिए एक हानिकारक पदधति का सतरपात कर दिया। जिसक दषपरिणामो स निपटन क लिए भी हम तयार रहना होगा।","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"219-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84978224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vishnu Kaniyarakkal, S. Variamkandi, Kalpana George
Emergence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major concern across the globe. Infections with multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO’s) increase the morbidity and mortality in addition to financial costs, especially in vulnerable patients. Knowing the profile of MDRO’s in a particular region or institution helps in optimal and timely antibiotic therapy, which is a key factor in avoiding the selection pressure exerted on microorganisms. In this study, microbiological profile of significant MDRO’s isolated over a period of two years were analysed retrospectively. 58% of the total isolates were classified as MDRO’s. Intensive care units (ICU’s) contributed to a significantly higher number of MDRO’s than other departments (p<0.001). Methicillin resistance was seen in 54% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Carbapenem resistance was encountered widely amongst members of the genus enterobacteriaceae (approximately 40% isolates of Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp.) and Acinetobacter spp. (78%). This study emphasizes the fact that AMR burden is high in lowand middle-income countries (LMIC’s) and that a concerted effort on the part of legislators, medical community and general public is required to address the issue.
{"title":"Microbiological Profile of Significant Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms Isolated in a Tertiary Care Centre, Kerala, India","authors":"Vishnu Kaniyarakkal, S. Variamkandi, Kalpana George","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210550","url":null,"abstract":"Emergence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major concern across the globe. Infections with multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO’s) increase the morbidity and mortality in addition to financial costs, especially in vulnerable patients. Knowing the profile of MDRO’s in a particular region or institution helps in optimal and timely antibiotic therapy, which is a key factor in avoiding the selection pressure exerted on microorganisms. In this study, microbiological profile of significant MDRO’s isolated over a period of two years were analysed retrospectively. 58% of the total isolates were classified as MDRO’s. Intensive care units (ICU’s) contributed to a significantly higher number of MDRO’s than other departments (p<0.001). Methicillin resistance was seen in 54% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Carbapenem resistance was encountered widely amongst members of the genus enterobacteriaceae (approximately 40% isolates of Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp.) and Acinetobacter spp. (78%). This study emphasizes the fact that AMR burden is high in lowand middle-income countries (LMIC’s) and that a concerted effort on the part of legislators, medical community and general public is required to address the issue.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"70 1","pages":"404-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72946422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Present study was designed to identify various lesions in placenta and investigate their impact on neonatal and perinatal outcome and also to determine the frequency of various inflammatory lesions in placenta. Materials and Methods: Placentae of 60 singleton non-anomalous preterm births were examined at Department of pathology at Tertiary care centre. Complete placental examination including both macroscopic and microscopic examination with the help of Haematoxylin and Eosin staining done. Thereafter placental lesions were classified according to Redline criteria for classification of placental pathology. Thereafter placental lesions were correlated with perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity in early neonatal period. The relevant clinical details were collected from the obstetric clinical records and neonatal clinical records. Result: We found placental vascular processes as most frequent (73.33%) pathological lesion in our study. Most common inflammatory lesion in our study was chorioamnionitis (15%). Also among placentae of stillbirths, placental vascular lesions were predominant finding present in 85.7% of placentae of stillbirths. Other lesions found in placentae of stillbirths were Immune inflammatory lesions, maternal floor infarction and placenta accreta. Out of total placentae with vasculopathy, 19.2% cases developed neonatal sepsis, in chorioamnionitis group 66.6% live births were having sepsis. In present study we observed higher frequency of resuscitation in babies with placentae having chorioamnionitis. Discussion: This study revealed that the placental pathological findings appear to be correlated with perinatal mortality and early neonatal morbidity. So, examination of the preterm placentae gains importance in early determination of morbidity in infants. Placental findings can help neonatologist in routine diagnosis and management.
{"title":"The Association of Various Placental Lesions with Perinatal Outcome in Preterm Births","authors":"Ashwini Sarode, Anil R. Joshi, A. Kulkarni","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210545","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Present study was designed to identify various lesions in placenta and investigate their impact on neonatal and perinatal outcome and also to determine the frequency of various inflammatory lesions in placenta. Materials and Methods: Placentae of 60 singleton non-anomalous preterm births were examined at Department of pathology at Tertiary care centre. Complete placental examination including both macroscopic and microscopic examination with the help of Haematoxylin and Eosin staining done. Thereafter placental lesions were classified according to Redline criteria for classification of placental pathology. Thereafter placental lesions were correlated with perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity in early neonatal period. The relevant clinical details were collected from the obstetric clinical records and neonatal clinical records. Result: We found placental vascular processes as most frequent (73.33%) pathological lesion in our study. Most common inflammatory lesion in our study was chorioamnionitis (15%). Also among placentae of stillbirths, placental vascular lesions were predominant finding present in 85.7% of placentae of stillbirths. Other lesions found in placentae of stillbirths were Immune inflammatory lesions, maternal floor infarction and placenta accreta. Out of total placentae with vasculopathy, 19.2% cases developed neonatal sepsis, in chorioamnionitis group 66.6% live births were having sepsis. In present study we observed higher frequency of resuscitation in babies with placentae having chorioamnionitis. Discussion: This study revealed that the placental pathological findings appear to be correlated with perinatal mortality and early neonatal morbidity. So, examination of the preterm placentae gains importance in early determination of morbidity in infants. Placental findings can help neonatologist in routine diagnosis and management.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"357-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73977683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.29121/GRANTHAALAYAH.V9.I5.2021.3937
Suwari
The Dendeng River is vital for economic sustainability and viability for the community, industry and commerce around the flood plain of the river as well as raw water sources of the Kupang PDAM. However, increased domestic and industrial waste disposal along the river has caused severe pollution. One way to maintain the quality of the river is by continuously monitoring the pollutants and applying technology control as well as controlling strategy. The aim of the research mainly is to establish the water quality status of Dendeng River by water pollution Index method based on parameter physics and chemistry, i.e. pH, DO, COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, NH3-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P. The research was carried out based on field survey and sample examined in situ and in laboratory. The removal of water sample from Dendeng River conducted based on composite sampling as many as six point locations of Dendeng River as representative of upstream up to downstream zone. The quality status of Dendeng River is in good condition to lightly polluted with a pollution index value of 0.6 to 1.52. Value of the DO, BOD, COD, and phosphate content were higher than the allowable class 1 standard. The Water Quality Index value of Dendeng River was 86.67, which is included in the good water quality class.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY STATUS USING METHOD OF WATER POLLUTION INDEX: A CASE STUDY ON THE DENDENG RIVER","authors":"Suwari","doi":"10.29121/GRANTHAALAYAH.V9.I5.2021.3937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29121/GRANTHAALAYAH.V9.I5.2021.3937","url":null,"abstract":"The Dendeng River is vital for economic sustainability and viability for the community, industry and commerce around the flood plain of the river as well as raw water sources of the Kupang PDAM. However, increased domestic and industrial waste disposal along the river has caused severe pollution. One way to maintain the quality of the river is by continuously monitoring the pollutants and applying technology control as well as controlling strategy. The aim of the research mainly is to establish the water quality status of Dendeng River by water pollution Index method based on parameter physics and chemistry, i.e. pH, DO, COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, NH3-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P. The research was carried out based on field survey and sample examined in situ and in laboratory. The removal of water sample from Dendeng River conducted based on composite sampling as many as six point locations of Dendeng River as representative of upstream up to downstream zone. The quality status of Dendeng River is in good condition to lightly polluted with a pollution index value of 0.6 to 1.52. Value of the DO, BOD, COD, and phosphate content were higher than the allowable class 1 standard. The Water Quality Index value of Dendeng River was 86.67, which is included in the good water quality class.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"200-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87480985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to foster student strategies in developing entrepreneurship, which includes learning to do business, creativity in creating products, the promotion process, and innovations in developing business. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis to determine the students' strategies in starting and developing their business. This method is considered to be able to obtain as much detail as possible about student strategies in entrepreneurship. Based on the research results, it shows that students have high courage in entrepreneurship and self-taught learning via the internet. Data obtained from a survey conducted using a Google form filled with 56 students starting from the 2015-2019 class showed that students' strategies in developing business prefer social media as a means of product promotion because it is more effective and efficient. Based on the results of the study, we found a link between student entrepreneurial strategies and knowledge management. From the data we have collected, most of the students are self-taught, rely on information, and process that information. This is by the concept of knowledge management.
{"title":"Strategy for Enhancing Students’ Entrepreneurship in Reducing Reduction in Knowledge Management's View","authors":"Hendra Utama","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210537","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to foster student strategies in developing entrepreneurship, which includes learning to do business, creativity in creating products, the promotion process, and innovations in developing business. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis to determine the students' strategies in starting and developing their business. This method is considered to be able to obtain as much detail as possible about student strategies in entrepreneurship. Based on the research results, it shows that students have high courage in entrepreneurship and self-taught learning via the internet. Data obtained from a survey conducted using a Google form filled with 56 students starting from the 2015-2019 class showed that students' strategies in developing business prefer social media as a means of product promotion because it is more effective and efficient. Based on the results of the study, we found a link between student entrepreneurial strategies and knowledge management. From the data we have collected, most of the students are self-taught, rely on information, and process that information. This is by the concept of knowledge management.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"2015 1","pages":"292-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87003745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background:Cytomegalovirus, a Herpes virus is the most common virus causing congenital viral infections. Sensorineueal hearing loss is the most common non hereditary manifestation. Majority of the babies are asymptomatic or have non specific symptoms at birth. An early diagnosis can help in starting antiviral treatment based on the clinical disease to prevent end organ damage and to intervene early in babies with hearing impairment which can reduce long term sequelae. Objectives :The aim of the study is to diagnose and quantitate neonatal CMV infection by qRTPCR (Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) ,to evaluate the proportion and clinical profile of congenital CMV infections in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods:This cross sectional diagnostic evaluation was done in the Dept. of Microbiology and Neonatal unit of Dept of Paediatrics, Govt Medical college .Kozhikode from August 2017 to December 2018. Details of demographic data, clinical profile, and CMV viral load in urine in various clinical infections were obtained and analyzed. Urine samples from 225 babies were received and processed in the Microbiology Department. DNA isolation and amplification was performed using commercial DNA extraction kit and CMV PCR kit for detection and quantification of CMV. Results:Of 225 babies with clinical features suggestive of CMV infection, CMV-DNA was detected and quantitated in urine of 27 babies (12%). The most common clinical presentation was hearing impairment, seen in 22 babies. Conclusion:RT-qPCR helps in diagnosing and quantitating CMV in congenital neonatal infection which helps in deciding on therapy and assessing response to treatment and can predict risk for long term sequelae. Diagnosis of congenital CMV in the newborn period is important for identifying those with neurologic abnormalities where appropriate treatment and management is essential.
背景:巨细胞病毒是一种疱疹病毒，是引起先天性病毒感染最常见的病毒。感觉神经性听力损失是最常见的非遗传性表现。大多数婴儿在出生时无症状或无特异性症状。早期诊断有助于根据临床疾病开始抗病毒治疗，以防止终末器官损伤，并对听力障碍婴儿进行早期干预，从而减少长期后遗症。目的:应用qRTPCR (Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction，实时定量聚合酶链反应)技术对新生儿巨细胞病毒感染进行诊断和定量，评价某三级医院先天性巨细胞病毒感染的比例和临床特征。材料与方法:本研究于2017年8月至2018年12月在科日科德公立医学院儿科微生物科和新生儿科进行横断面诊断评估。获得并分析了各种临床感染的人口学数据、临床概况和尿中巨细胞病毒载量的细节。微生物科接收并处理了225名婴儿的尿样。采用商用DNA提取试剂盒和CMV PCR试剂盒进行DNA分离扩增，检测和定量CMV。结果:在225例有CMV感染临床特征的婴儿中，27例(12%)在尿液中检测并定量CMV- dna。最常见的临床表现是听力障碍，22名婴儿出现过。结论:RT-qPCR有助于先天性新生儿感染巨细胞病毒的诊断和定量，有助于决定治疗方案和评估治疗反应，并可预测长期后遗症的风险。新生儿期先天性巨细胞病毒的诊断对于识别那些有神经系统异常的人是重要的，在那里适当的治疗和管理是必不可少的。
{"title":"Quantitative RT PCR in the Diagnosis of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection with Special Reference to Sensorineural Hearing Loss in a Tertiary Care Centre in North Kerala","authors":"K. Manal, Shabina Mb, K. SureshBabooV.","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210540","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Cytomegalovirus, a Herpes virus is the most common virus causing congenital viral infections. Sensorineueal hearing loss is the most common non hereditary manifestation. Majority of the babies are asymptomatic or have non specific symptoms at birth. An early diagnosis can help in starting antiviral treatment based on the clinical disease to prevent end organ damage and to intervene early in babies with hearing impairment which can reduce long term sequelae. Objectives :The aim of the study is to diagnose and quantitate neonatal CMV infection by qRTPCR (Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) ,to evaluate the proportion and clinical profile of congenital CMV infections in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods:This cross sectional diagnostic evaluation was done in the Dept. of Microbiology and Neonatal unit of Dept of Paediatrics, Govt Medical college .Kozhikode from August 2017 to December 2018. Details of demographic data, clinical profile, and CMV viral load in urine in various clinical infections were obtained and analyzed. Urine samples from 225 babies were received and processed in the Microbiology Department. DNA isolation and amplification was performed using commercial DNA extraction kit and CMV PCR kit for detection and quantification of CMV. Results:Of 225 babies with clinical features suggestive of CMV infection, CMV-DNA was detected and quantitated in urine of 27 babies (12%). The most common clinical presentation was hearing impairment, seen in 22 babies. Conclusion:RT-qPCR helps in diagnosing and quantitating CMV in congenital neonatal infection which helps in deciding on therapy and assessing response to treatment and can predict risk for long term sequelae. Diagnosis of congenital CMV in the newborn period is important for identifying those with neurologic abnormalities where appropriate treatment and management is essential.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"256 1","pages":"316-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90520791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy by reviewing the amount of the deadline that required the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in achieving the goals of the final form of the output gap and inflation by using the channel of credit and inflation expectations. In addition, this study also aims to determine the relationship long-term and short against the target output gap and inflation. This study uses a regression model Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to estimate the influence of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to the output gap and inflation through the channel of credit and the regression model of Vector Autoregression (VAR) to estimate the influence of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to the output gap and inflation through the channel of inflation expectations. The Data used in this research is the data series time quarter from 2008 to 2018. Data peneliltian used to estimate the influence of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to the output gap and inflation through the channel of credit in the form of secondary data consisting of the benchmark interest rate of Bank Indonesia, the interest rates on the interbank money market 1 month, loan interest rates, money supply (M2) and the amount of working capital loans disbursed. While the data used to estimate the influence of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to the output gap and inflation through the channel of inflation expectations in the form of secondary data consisting of the benchmark interest rate of Bank Indonesia, inflation expectations. The secondary Data used is sourced from the annual reports that are published from the official website of the Bank of Indonesia, the data of the Central Bureau of Statistics and the International Monetary Fund. The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy through the credit channels require the deadline each of the 8 (eight) of the quarter and 10 (ten) quarter in achieving the goals of the end of the output gap and inflation. While the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy through the channel of inflation expectations require the deadline each of the 4 (four) quarter and 6 (six) quarter in achieving the goals of the end of the output gap and inflation. The results also showed only policy transmission mechanism built rmelalui credit lines that have long-term relationships against inflation while the transmission mechanism of monetary policy through the channel of inflation expectations have short-term relationship strong.
{"title":"Analysis of the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Transmission through a Line of Credit and Inflation Expectations in Indonesia","authors":"Suti Masniari, Sirojuzilam, Dede Ruslan","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210538","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy by reviewing the amount of the deadline that required the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in achieving the goals of the final form of the output gap and inflation by using the channel of credit and inflation expectations. In addition, this study also aims to determine the relationship long-term and short against the target output gap and inflation. \u0000This study uses a regression model Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to estimate the influence of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to the output gap and inflation through the channel of credit and the regression model of Vector Autoregression (VAR) to estimate the influence of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to the output gap and inflation through the channel of inflation expectations. The Data used in this research is the data series time quarter from 2008 to 2018. Data peneliltian used to estimate the influence of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to the output gap and inflation through the channel of credit in the form of secondary data consisting of the benchmark interest rate of Bank Indonesia, the interest rates on the interbank money market 1 month, loan interest rates, money supply (M2) and the amount of working capital loans disbursed. While the data used to estimate the influence of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to the output gap and inflation through the channel of inflation expectations in the form of secondary data consisting of the benchmark interest rate of Bank Indonesia, inflation expectations. The secondary Data used is sourced from the annual reports that are published from the official website of the Bank of Indonesia, the data of the Central Bureau of Statistics and the International Monetary Fund. \u0000The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy through the credit channels require the deadline each of the 8 (eight) of the quarter and 10 (ten) quarter in achieving the goals of the end of the output gap and inflation. While the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy through the channel of inflation expectations require the deadline each of the 4 (four) quarter and 6 (six) quarter in achieving the goals of the end of the output gap and inflation. The results also showed only policy transmission mechanism built rmelalui credit lines that have long-term relationships against inflation while the transmission mechanism of monetary policy through the channel of inflation expectations have short-term relationship strong.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"299-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90800742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medication adherence is that the degree to which the person's behaviour corresponds with the agreed recommendations from a health care provider. Knowledge and the awareness concerning the hypertension and the antihypertensive medications have an important role within the medication adherence; lack of this can have negative impact on the medication adherence. The assessment of medication adherence in the study was meted out by using Morisky Scale. It’s a cross sectional study conducted in 150 individuals in Kankanady, Valachil, Valencia, Jeppu, Padil of Mangalore in Karnataka. Patient data collection forms were used to collect the information. Present study reflected that patients had knowledge regarding normal BP, symptoms and complications; however majority thinks hypertension can be curable. A positive attitude and practice were observed among the patients apart from practice of normal exercise. Analysing the data using MAMS-8 scale, study showed only 11.3% of the population were found to be high adherent that shows the decrease in the adherence rates. 34% had moderate adherence and the remaining 54% were low adherent. Assessment of data suggests that majority lack complete information about hypertension and its management. The study results revealed that hypertension related knowledge, awareness and practice plays a serious role in improving medication adherence.
{"title":"Assessing the Role of Knowledge, Awareness, Practice in Achieving Medication Adherence among Hypertensive Patients","authors":"S. Satish, Minnu Sara Sam, A. Shabaraya","doi":"10.52403/IJRR.20210541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52403/IJRR.20210541","url":null,"abstract":"Medication adherence is that the degree to which the person's behaviour corresponds with the agreed recommendations from a health care provider. Knowledge and the awareness concerning the hypertension and the antihypertensive medications have an important role within the medication adherence; lack of this can have negative impact on the medication adherence. The assessment of medication adherence in the study was meted out by using Morisky Scale. It’s a cross sectional study conducted in 150 individuals in Kankanady, Valachil, Valencia, Jeppu, Padil of Mangalore in Karnataka. Patient data collection forms were used to collect the information. Present study reflected that patients had knowledge regarding normal BP, symptoms and complications; however majority thinks hypertension can be curable. A positive attitude and practice were observed among the patients apart from practice of normal exercise. Analysing the data using MAMS-8 scale, study showed only 11.3% of the population were found to be high adherent that shows the decrease in the adherence rates. 34% had moderate adherence and the remaining 54% were low adherent. Assessment of data suggests that majority lack complete information about hypertension and its management. The study results revealed that hypertension related knowledge, awareness and practice plays a serious role in improving medication adherence.","PeriodicalId":14316,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research","volume":"234 1","pages":"324-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89072953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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