Mahesh Jangra, D. Kenwar, Sarbpreet Singh, Ashish Sharma
Background: The 'gold standard' vascular access for haemodialysis is an endogenously created arteriovenous stula (AVF). AVF is the most preferred mode of vascular access because this mode is mostly devoid of infection, gives a high blood ow rate, and has least chances of clot formation. The main purpose of this study is to predict the factors affecting AVF maturation and outcomes in patients with end stage renal disease. Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted from July 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. Out of 150 patients consented for surgery, 5 patients died during the follow up period and 2 patients were lost to follow up. Patients were divided into AVF functional group that included 81.8% (n=117) patients and AVF failure group (18.2%, n=26). All patients were followed at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and at 12 months. Results: Male sex had more AVF failure rate than female sex. Patients having associated comorbidities had comparable risk of non-maturation of AVF (18.0%, p= 0.87). Diabetic nephropathy (50.3%) followed by hypertensive nephrosclerosis (37.8%) were most common causes of ESRD. RCF had the best patency rate as compared to BCF and BBF (p= 0.28). Vein as well as artery diameter was not found to be a signicant factor for AVF maturation (p value > 0.05). Most common cause of AVF failure was found to be thrombosis (11.9%) followed by stenosis (3.5%), infection (2.1%), pseudoaneurysm (0.7%). Conclusion: Neither gender nor vessel, vein as well as artery, diameters affected patency rates of AVF. Smoking had a predictive relationship with non-maturation of AVF. RCF had the best patency rate as compared to BCF and BBF. There was no signicant statistical relationship between types of AVF, surgeons experience, site, associated comorbidity and AVF patency rate. Duplex vein mapping should be done for all the cases of AVF surgery to obtain better patency rates.
{"title":"PARAMETERS TO PREDICT FUNCTIONAL MATURATION AND OUTCOMES OF ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA IN END STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS: A SINGLE CENTRE STUDY","authors":"Mahesh Jangra, D. Kenwar, Sarbpreet Singh, Ashish Sharma","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/5903725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/5903725","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The 'gold standard' vascular access for haemodialysis is an endogenously created arteriovenous stula (AVF). AVF is the most\u0000preferred mode of vascular access because this mode is mostly devoid of infection, gives a high blood ow rate, and has least chances of clot\u0000formation. The main purpose of this study is to predict the factors affecting AVF maturation and outcomes in patients with end stage renal disease.\u0000Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted from July 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. Out of 150 patients consented for surgery,\u00005 patients died during the follow up period and 2 patients were lost to follow up. Patients were divided into AVF functional group that included\u000081.8% (n=117) patients and AVF failure group (18.2%, n=26). All patients were followed at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and at 12 months. Results:\u0000Male sex had more AVF failure rate than female sex. Patients having associated comorbidities had comparable risk of non-maturation of AVF\u0000(18.0%, p= 0.87). Diabetic nephropathy (50.3%) followed by hypertensive nephrosclerosis (37.8%) were most common causes of ESRD. RCF had\u0000the best patency rate as compared to BCF and BBF (p= 0.28). Vein as well as artery diameter was not found to be a signicant factor for AVF\u0000maturation (p value > 0.05). Most common cause of AVF failure was found to be thrombosis (11.9%) followed by stenosis (3.5%), infection (2.1%),\u0000pseudoaneurysm (0.7%). Conclusion: Neither gender nor vessel, vein as well as artery, diameters affected patency rates of AVF. Smoking had a\u0000predictive relationship with non-maturation of AVF. RCF had the best patency rate as compared to BCF and BBF. There was no signicant\u0000statistical relationship between types of AVF, surgeons experience, site, associated comorbidity and AVF patency rate. Duplex vein mapping\u0000should be done for all the cases of AVF surgery to obtain better patency rates.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cryptosporidiosis infection caused by group of protozoan parasite with in phylum Apicomplexa. Cryptosporidiosis is more prevalent in patients with immunosuppressed conditions like AIDS and also be seen in immunocompetent patients with asymptomatic or acute or persistent self-limiting diarrhea. Prospective cohort study was conducted March 2019 and April 202 Material And Methods: 0 to estimate prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent patients. . Out of 230 stool samples collected fr Result: om 177 adults and 53 children, 47 (20.43%) were positive for Cryptosporidium. Out of 53 stool samples from children, 13 (24.52%) were positive and out of 177 adult 34 were positive (19.20%). The present study thus highlights the importance of Conclusion: Cryptosporidium as a cause of diarrhoea, especially in immunocompetent adults.
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENTS IN SECONDARY CARE HOSPITAL NORTH EAST REGION","authors":"Prakash Narayan Gupta, Bhagya Babu","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/4608053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/4608053","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cryptosporidiosis infection caused by group of protozoan parasite with in phylum Apicomplexa. Cryptosporidiosis is more\u0000prevalent in patients with immunosuppressed conditions like AIDS and also be seen in immunocompetent patients with asymptomatic or acute or\u0000persistent self-limiting diarrhea. Prospective cohort study was conducted March 2019 and April 202 Material And Methods: 0 to estimate\u0000prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent patients. . Out of 230 stool samples collected fr Result: om 177 adults and 53 children, 47\u0000(20.43%) were positive for Cryptosporidium. Out of 53 stool samples from children, 13 (24.52%) were positive and out of 177 adult 34 were\u0000positive (19.20%). The present study thus highlights the importance of Conclusion: Cryptosporidium as a cause of diarrhoea, especially in\u0000immunocompetent adults.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":" January","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Carlo, Marco E. Pasqualini, F. Rossi, M. Shulman, Giuseppe Maria Famà
This case study follows the remarkable journey of a 27-year-old woman, a patient who played a pivotal role in advancing scientic research. In 1993, she bravely opted for an innovative endosseous titanium blade implant to replace her upper lateral left incisor. Over 30 years, her natural teeth and the interposed prosthetic tooth remained untouched, a testament to the stability of the dental implant and the success of prosthodontic rehabilitation with a crown. Her dental implant journey is not just a captivating story, but a shared experience that offers a rare glimpse into the long-term effects of such treatments.
{"title":"DENTOALVEOLAR COMPENSATION AND CLINICAL LONGEVITY: A 30-YEAR STUDY ON IMPLANT STABILITY IN OCCLUSAL DYNAMICS.","authors":"L. Carlo, Marco E. Pasqualini, F. Rossi, M. Shulman, Giuseppe Maria Famà","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/3820584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/3820584","url":null,"abstract":"This case study follows the remarkable journey of a 27-year-old\u0000woman, a patient who played a pivotal role in advancing scientic\u0000research. In 1993, she bravely opted for an innovative endosseous\u0000titanium blade implant to replace her upper lateral left incisor. Over 30\u0000years, her natural teeth and the interposed prosthetic tooth remained\u0000untouched, a testament to the stability of the dental implant and the\u0000success of prosthodontic rehabilitation with a crown. Her dental\u0000implant journey is not just a captivating story, but a shared experience\u0000that offers a rare glimpse into the long-term effects of such treatments.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":" 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hysterectomy is the second most frequently performed surgery on 1 women of reproductive age after caesarian section worldwide . In India, the incidence of hysterectomy is 4-6% of adult women 2 population, in 90% of cases the indications are benign conditions . Common benign indications for hysterectomy are symptomatic uterine leiomyomas (51.4%), abnormal uterine bleeding (41.7%), 3 endometriosis (30%), and prolapse (18.3%) . Approach to hysterectomy can be either abdominal or vaginal, with recent advances in technology various minimally invasive approaches such as laparoscopic, robotic and vNOTES approach are also increasingly 4 being used by gynaecologist.
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NON-DESCENT VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY AND TOTAL LAPAROSCOPIC HYSTERECTOMY FOR BENIGN INDICATIONS - A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE","authors":"Anuradha Pilaniya, Suman Chaudhary, Deepa Chaudhary, Suniti Verma, Sumeet Sidhu, Amrita Yadav","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/4505662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/4505662","url":null,"abstract":"Hysterectomy is the second most frequently performed surgery on\u00001 women of reproductive age after caesarian section worldwide . In\u0000India, the incidence of hysterectomy is 4-6% of adult women\u00002\u0000population, in 90% of cases the indications are benign conditions .\u0000Common benign indications for hysterectomy are symptomatic\u0000uterine leiomyomas (51.4%), abnormal uterine bleeding (41.7%),\u00003\u0000endometriosis (30%), and prolapse (18.3%) . Approach to\u0000hysterectomy can be either abdominal or vaginal, with recent advances\u0000in technology various minimally invasive approaches such as\u0000laparoscopic, robotic and vNOTES approach are also increasingly\u00004\u0000being used by gynaecologist.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":"23 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141023404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Clinical Toughness of the restorative material is vital for any restorative material clinically and is reliant on the wear resistance and its ability to withstand the occlusal forces depends on the fracture strength. Aim: To measure the impact of ber reinforcement on fracture strength of a new Alkasite restorative material. Materials And Methods: Experimental material is prepared by the addition of discontinuous silanized short glass bers in 5 wt% (0.75 gm) to 15 gm of powder component of Cention N. Standardized class I cavities were prepared on 60 mandibular teeth and are divided into 3 groups each group containing 20 samples. Each group is restored with Tetric N ceram Bulkll composite, Cention N with ber and Cention N without ber. Fracture strength evaluation was done for the samples using Instron testing machine. Statistical analysis was done by using one-way ANOVAand Tukey's multiple post-hoc tests with signicance level set at p≤0.05. Results:Cention N with ber has shown signicantly greater fracture strength values when compared to Cention N with out ber (p=0.0001) and resin composite. Conclusion: Superior fracture resistance was shown by Cention N with ber followed by ber reinforced composite and Cention N with-out ber.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF FRACTURE STRENGTH OF A NEW ALKASITE RESTORATIVE MATERIAL WITH FIBER REINFORCEMENT.","authors":"Ravichandra Ravi","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/6000741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/6000741","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clinical Toughness of the restorative material is vital for any restorative material clinically and is reliant on the wear resistance and\u0000its ability to withstand the occlusal forces depends on the fracture strength. Aim: To measure the impact of ber reinforcement on fracture strength\u0000of a new Alkasite restorative material. Materials And Methods: Experimental material is prepared by the addition of discontinuous silanized short\u0000glass bers in 5 wt% (0.75 gm) to 15 gm of powder component of Cention N. Standardized class I cavities were prepared on 60 mandibular teeth\u0000and are divided into 3 groups each group containing 20 samples. Each group is restored with Tetric N ceram Bulkll composite, Cention N with\u0000ber and Cention N without ber. Fracture strength evaluation was done for the samples using Instron testing machine. Statistical analysis was\u0000done by using one-way ANOVAand Tukey's multiple post-hoc tests with signicance level set at p≤0.05. Results:Cention N with ber has shown\u0000signicantly greater fracture strength values when compared to Cention N with out ber (p=0.0001) and resin composite. Conclusion: Superior\u0000fracture resistance was shown by Cention N with ber followed by ber reinforced composite and Cention N with-out ber.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141030621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to delve into the intricate relationship between fashion and personal identity, with a specic focus on how individuals' clothing choices serve as both reections and shapers of their personalities. Through a comprehensive exploration of diverse perspectives and experiences, this study seeks to contribute valuable insights into the multifaceted interplay between fashion and self-expression.
{"title":"THE INTERPLAY OF FASHION AND PERSONAL IDENTITY: EXPLORING HOW CLOTHING CHOICES REFLECT AND SHAPE PERSONALITY.","authors":"Shruti Tiwari, Prachi Shah, Vimlaben Nainani","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/9320004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/9320004","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to delve into the intricate relationship between fashion and personal identity, with a specic focus on how individuals' clothing\u0000choices serve as both reections and shapers of their personalities. Through a comprehensive exploration of diverse perspectives and experiences,\u0000this study seeks to contribute valuable insights into the multifaceted interplay between fashion and self-expression.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141130661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Filariasis is caused by nematode parasites of the order Filariae, namely Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. Splenic involvement can occur in extralymphatic or Meyers Kouwenar syndrome. Gross specimen can show nodules or diffuse enlargement. Microscopy showed cylindrical microlariae with eosinophilic microabscesses.
{"title":"TOMBSTONE OF THE WORM – TWO CASES OF SPLENIC MICROFILARIASIS","authors":"Bhusse Sushil B, Shinde Sweety V","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/9306041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/9306041","url":null,"abstract":"Filariasis is caused by nematode parasites of the order Filariae, namely Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. Splenic involvement can occur in\u0000extralymphatic or Meyers Kouwenar syndrome. Gross specimen can show nodules or diffuse enlargement. Microscopy showed cylindrical\u0000microlariae with eosinophilic microabscesses.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141134032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction-The Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) is the primary stabilizer of the knee and prevents the knee joint mobility against anterior tibial translation. It is also important in counteracting rotational and valgus stress. Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is the most common knee ligament injury. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is performed using different grafts. Allografts, autografts and synthetic grafts have been used with variable success rates In this prospective observational study a total of 15 patients who Materials and Methods: underwent ACL reconstruction at orthopedics department at new civil hospital surat during the period of 1 year where taken. The Lysholm Knee Scoring Results: Scale of pre and post operative patients taken and compared and found excellent outcome Overall per Conclusion: oneus graft outcome is also better for ACL injury repair as well as Hamstring graft.
{"title":"STUDY OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION USING DIFFERENT AUTOGRAFTS IN ADULTS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL- PROSPECTIVE STUDY","authors":"Priyank Shah, Anshul Gupta, Sanket Sutariya, Nagesh Desai, Nikunj parekh","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/8007143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/8007143","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction-The Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) is the primary stabilizer of the knee and prevents the knee joint mobility against anterior tibial\u0000translation. It is also important in counteracting rotational and valgus stress. Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is the most common knee ligament\u0000injury. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is performed using different grafts. Allografts, autografts and synthetic grafts have been\u0000used with variable success rates In this prospective observational study a total of 15 patients who Materials and Methods: underwent ACL\u0000reconstruction at orthopedics department at new civil hospital surat during the period of 1 year where taken. The Lysholm Knee Scoring Results:\u0000Scale of pre and post operative patients taken and compared and found excellent outcome Overall per Conclusion: oneus graft outcome is also\u0000better for ACL injury repair as well as Hamstring graft.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":"44 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141140280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Mohammed Alabbad, A. S. Alhaiz, Jawad Mohammad Alhabdan, Ali Sadiq Alhelal, Mohammed Yousef Alhassan, Abdulsattar Mohammad Albagshi, Mohammed Husain Alobaidan, Zahra Ibrahim Alkhalaf
Background: Diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of blindness among the working class of people is fast emerging as one of the major cause of overall blindness. Study suggests an overall global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy to be 22.27%. Diabetic Retinopathy, the most common cause of blindness among the working age group, is preventable which can be prevented by early diagnosis and proper treatment. The key to reducing blindness due to retinopathy is early detection and treatment. The success of screening process to detect diabetic retinopathy especially at the primary level depends on the level of knowledge and pattern of practice of the primary health care physicians on diabetic retinopathy and its screening. The role of the physicians working at the primary health care centers is vital for early detection of diabetic retinopathy. The present study was a primary health care centers' based study in which the knowledge and practice of all the primary health care physicians was assessed regarding the knowledge and practice towards diabetic retinopathy and its screening. Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional survey conducted at the Primary Health Centers of Al Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia. The study population was all the physicians working at different Ministry of Health operated Primary Health Care centers of Al Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia. The study sample was calculated by Epi info software assuming that 40% of the primary health care physicians will have the poor knowledge about diabetic retinopathy and its screening.To achieve this at the 95% of condence interval with an acceptable error of 5%, at least 350 physicians were needed .The sampling was done by random sampling from the list of all the physicians working at the Primary Health care centers of Al Ahsa district. The selected participants were sent an e mail and were requested to ll the google form with the questionnaires to answer. The data were collected on a pretested, pre designed questionnaires which were made available to the participants on google form (online). The collected data were cleared, coded, entered and analyzed by the SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were presented using counts, proportions (%), mean ± standard deviation whenever appropriate. The association of demographic characteristics of the participants with the knowledge and practice pattern towards diabetic retinopathy and its screening were performed using chi square test. .Ap-value cut off point of 0.05 at 95% CI was used to determine statistical signicance. The correct answer of the questionnaire was awarded 1 mark while the incorrect answer with 0 mark. The mean of the marks was the cutoff point demarcating the good knowledge with poor knowledge. The score above the mean was considered as good knowledge. Results:Atotal of 293 subjects participated in this study. The mean age of the participants was 35.94 years.The majority of the participants were female (55.3%). Eighty seven percent
{"title":"DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND ITS SCREENING: KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PHYSICIANS WORKING AT DIFFERENT PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS OF ALAHSA DISTRICT OF SAUDI ARABIA","authors":"Zahra Mohammed Alabbad, A. S. Alhaiz, Jawad Mohammad Alhabdan, Ali Sadiq Alhelal, Mohammed Yousef Alhassan, Abdulsattar Mohammad Albagshi, Mohammed Husain Alobaidan, Zahra Ibrahim Alkhalaf","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/5720972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/5720972","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of blindness among the working class of people is fast emerging as one of the major cause of\u0000overall blindness. Study suggests an overall global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy to be 22.27%. Diabetic Retinopathy, the most common cause\u0000of blindness among the working age group, is preventable which can be prevented by early diagnosis and proper treatment. The key to reducing\u0000blindness due to retinopathy is early detection and treatment. The success of screening process to detect diabetic retinopathy especially at the\u0000primary level depends on the level of knowledge and pattern of practice of the primary health care physicians on diabetic retinopathy and its\u0000screening. The role of the physicians working at the primary health care centers is vital for early detection of diabetic retinopathy. The present study\u0000was a primary health care centers' based study in which the knowledge and practice of all the primary health care physicians was assessed\u0000regarding the knowledge and practice towards diabetic retinopathy and its screening. Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional survey\u0000conducted at the Primary Health Centers of Al Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia. The study population was all the physicians working at different\u0000Ministry of Health operated Primary Health Care centers of Al Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia. The study sample was calculated by Epi info software\u0000assuming that 40% of the primary health care physicians will have the poor knowledge about diabetic retinopathy and its screening.To achieve this\u0000at the 95% of condence interval with an acceptable error of 5%, at least 350 physicians were needed .The sampling was done by random sampling\u0000from the list of all the physicians working at the Primary Health care centers of Al Ahsa district. The selected participants were sent an e mail and\u0000were requested to ll the google form with the questionnaires to answer. The data were collected on a pretested, pre designed questionnaires which\u0000were made available to the participants on google form (online). The collected data were cleared, coded, entered and analyzed by the SPSS version\u000026. Descriptive statistics were presented using counts, proportions (%), mean ± standard deviation whenever appropriate. The association of\u0000demographic characteristics of the participants with the knowledge and practice pattern towards diabetic retinopathy and its screening were\u0000performed using chi square test. .Ap-value cut off point of 0.05 at 95% CI was used to determine statistical signicance. The correct answer of the\u0000questionnaire was awarded 1 mark while the incorrect answer with 0 mark. The mean of the marks was the cutoff point demarcating the good\u0000knowledge with poor knowledge. The score above the mean was considered as good knowledge. Results:Atotal of 293 subjects participated in this\u0000study. The mean age of the participants was 35.94 years.The majority of the participants were female (55.3%). Eighty seven percent","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":"63 S291","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141135120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (ALRTI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Deciency of micronutrients such as zinc may increase the risk of ALRTI. The aim of this study was to estimate serum zinc levels in children of under-5 year's of age admitted with acute lower respiratory tract infection and to compare with healthy controls. MethodsAcase control Study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics of National Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Jaipur. 70 children with Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, and another 70 served as controls. Blood samples were collected for zinc estimation in both case and control groups. Results Of the 70 cases, Demographic data was comparable amongst gender groups. Baseline clinical characteristics of cases and control group were comparable. Amongst the cases, 54 were diagnosed as bronchiolitis and 16 as bronchopneumonia. The mean (± SD) zinc levels among the cases was 90.8± 59 μg/dl and in the control group, it was 98.78±66.26 μg/dl which was statistically non-signicant (p = 0.4526). Zinc deciency was observed to be signicantly associated with the severity of bronchiolitis (p=0.00001) and bronchopneumonia (p=0.011) and prolonged hospital stay (p= 0.017) as a consequence. Conclusion The results of our study revealed that there was no signicant difference in the zinc level between children having Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection and controls. Zinc deciency was signicantly associated with severity of pneumonia (bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia). However to further validate we need to have good quality studies with larger sample size and proper follow-up.
{"title":"SERUM ZINC LEVELS IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LOWER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS","authors":"Ankit Singla, Manorama Devi Govada, Prakash Medatwal, B.S Sharma","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/6206116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/6206116","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (ALRTI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world.\u0000Deciency of micronutrients such as zinc may increase the risk of ALRTI. The aim of this study was to estimate serum zinc levels in children of\u0000under-5 year's of age admitted with acute lower respiratory tract infection and to compare with healthy controls. MethodsAcase control Study was\u0000carried out in the Department of Pediatrics of National Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Jaipur. 70 children with Acute Lower Respiratory\u0000Tract Infections, and another 70 served as controls. Blood samples were collected for zinc estimation in both case and control groups. Results Of\u0000the 70 cases, Demographic data was comparable amongst gender groups. Baseline clinical characteristics of cases and control group were\u0000comparable. Amongst the cases, 54 were diagnosed as bronchiolitis and 16 as bronchopneumonia. The mean (± SD) zinc levels among the cases\u0000was 90.8± 59 μg/dl and in the control group, it was 98.78±66.26 μg/dl which was statistically non-signicant (p = 0.4526). Zinc deciency was\u0000observed to be signicantly associated with the severity of bronchiolitis (p=0.00001) and bronchopneumonia (p=0.011) and prolonged hospital\u0000stay (p= 0.017) as a consequence. Conclusion The results of our study revealed that there was no signicant difference in the zinc level between\u0000children having Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection and controls. Zinc deciency was signicantly associated with severity of pneumonia\u0000(bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia). However to further validate we need to have good quality studies with larger sample size and proper\u0000follow-up.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":"26 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141142692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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