Varicosities of the great saphenous vein (GSV) and its tributaries pose a common medical concern affecting up to 25% of adults. Understanding the intricate anatomical variations and their correlation with the fascia lata of the thigh is paramount for clinical management. This study conducted dissections on forty cadaveric lower limbs to scrutinize these anatomical nuances. The fascia lata of the anterior thigh was found to bifurcate into the supercial saphenous fascia and the deep fascia lata proper, forming distinct saphenous compartments. Three types of saphenous compartments were delineated: Type 1, characterized by a triangular compartment accommodating the GSV and its tributaries (30%); Type 2, featuring a fascial canal housing the GSV(30%); and Type 3, displaying a small fascial saphenous compartment with variable boundaries containing the GSVand one or two of its tributaries (40%). The study also observed the number of supercial tributaries ranging from 3 to 7 with a mean of 5.12 ± 1.95, while the GSV length ranged from 5 to 8.5 cm with a mean of 6.43 ± 1.65 cm. Furthermore, the length of tributaries in the saphenous compartment varied from 2 to 6 cm with a mean of 3.82 ± 2.74 cm. Noteworthy ndings include the intimate association of the external pudendal artery (EPA) with the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) in 30% of cases and the relationship between cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve with the GSV, its tributaries, and SFJ in 52.5% of cases. This intricate understanding of anatomical relationships is indispensable for devising precise surgical strategies to manage varicosities effectively
{"title":"UNRAVELING THE ANATOMICAL COMPLEXITY: IMPLICATIONS OF GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN VARIATIONS ON SURGICAL STRATEGIES","authors":"Rajasekhara Babu. G, Laxmi Durga Vuddi, Sagar Reddy. G, Ushanajali. V, Nithin Kumar M","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/4601715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/4601715","url":null,"abstract":"Varicosities of the great saphenous vein (GSV) and its tributaries pose a common medical concern affecting up to 25% of adults. Understanding the\u0000intricate anatomical variations and their correlation with the fascia lata of the thigh is paramount for clinical management. This study conducted\u0000dissections on forty cadaveric lower limbs to scrutinize these anatomical nuances. The fascia lata of the anterior thigh was found to bifurcate into\u0000the supercial saphenous fascia and the deep fascia lata proper, forming distinct saphenous compartments. Three types of saphenous compartments\u0000were delineated: Type 1, characterized by a triangular compartment accommodating the GSV and its tributaries (30%); Type 2, featuring a fascial\u0000canal housing the GSV(30%); and Type 3, displaying a small fascial saphenous compartment with variable boundaries containing the GSVand one\u0000or two of its tributaries (40%). The study also observed the number of supercial tributaries ranging from 3 to 7 with a mean of 5.12 ± 1.95, while the\u0000GSV length ranged from 5 to 8.5 cm with a mean of 6.43 ± 1.65 cm. Furthermore, the length of tributaries in the saphenous compartment varied\u0000from 2 to 6 cm with a mean of 3.82 ± 2.74 cm. Noteworthy ndings include the intimate association of the external pudendal artery (EPA) with the\u0000saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) in 30% of cases and the relationship between cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve with the GSV, its tributaries,\u0000and SFJ in 52.5% of cases. This intricate understanding of anatomical relationships is indispensable for devising precise surgical strategies to\u0000manage varicosities effectively","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141025725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the commonest endocrine malignant tumor whose incidence has been increasing steadily for decades in the world. This alarming rise in the incidence of thyroid malignancies, even in the face of low and stable and mortality rates is thought to be predominantly driven by overdiagnosis; notably evident in the case of papillary thyroid tumors. This has led to otherwise indolent tumors being aggressively managed causing potential harms to patients and levying unnecessary costs on an already overburdened healthcare system. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classication of endocrine tumors, released in 2022, has introduced several changes to the nomenclature, grading and prognostication of thyroid proliferations based on pathologic features and molecular prole that can help in improving risk stratication by categorizing tumors based on histological and molecular characteristics, thereby reducing the burden of diagnosis of incidental and indolent lesions, as well as de-escalate the treatment. The present study attempts to review the histopathological diagnosis of all previously reported thyroid neoplasms at our institution and reclassify them according to the recently updated criteria.
{"title":"HISTOPATHOLOGICAL REVIEW AND RE-CATEGORIZATION OF THYROID MALIGNANCIES BASED ON WHO CLASSIFICATION OF ENDOCRINE TUMORS, 2022","authors":"Ganguly S, Singh Bp, Bhoi SR","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/8101528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/8101528","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid cancer (TC) is the commonest endocrine malignant tumor whose incidence has been increasing steadily for decades in the world. This\u0000alarming rise in the incidence of thyroid malignancies, even in the face of low and stable and mortality rates is thought to be predominantly driven\u0000by overdiagnosis; notably evident in the case of papillary thyroid tumors. This has led to otherwise indolent tumors being aggressively managed\u0000causing potential harms to patients and levying unnecessary costs on an already overburdened healthcare system. The 5th edition of the World\u0000Health Organization (WHO) classication of endocrine tumors, released in 2022, has introduced several changes to the nomenclature, grading and\u0000prognostication of thyroid proliferations based on pathologic features and molecular prole that can help in improving risk stratication by\u0000categorizing tumors based on histological and molecular characteristics, thereby reducing the burden of diagnosis of incidental and indolent\u0000lesions, as well as de-escalate the treatment. The present study attempts to review the histopathological diagnosis of all previously reported thyroid\u0000neoplasms at our institution and reclassify them according to the recently updated criteria.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141051209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Phytochemicals form the basis of research and development of new molecules leading to the development of new novel drugs. In the oncology sector, plants have contributed more than 60% of the anti-cancer drugs, directly or indirectly. The present study Aims and Objectives: was conducted with the objective to explore the antitumor activity of various extracts obtained from dried roots of Centaurea behen L., dried fruits/beads of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb., dried roots of Gloriosa superba L. and dried leaves of Ficus religiosa L. against human lung cancer (A 549) cell lines. Method: Phytoconstituents were extracted by Soxhlet method using hexane, chloroform, methanol and water as solvents. MTT assay was used to nd the anti-proliferative potential of these plant extracts. The trypan blue dye exclusion test was used to determine the number of viable cells present in a cell suspension. Cytotoxic activity was also evaluated against non-cancerous cell lines (MCF-10A). Results: On A-549 cell lines, 93% cell death was reported with G. superba aqueous extract followed by E. ganitrus methanol extract and F. religiosa hexane extract and C. behen aqueous extract with 87%, 81.61% and 75 % cell death respectively. However, none of the extracts showed cytotoxic effect upon testing against normal non-cancerous cell lines (MCF- 10A). Conclusions: The results of the current ndings prove that phytoconstituents present in these plant extracts have high anticancer potential. This study strongly suggests the possibility of medicinal plants as an important source of anticancer drug development.
{"title":"EXPLORING ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF CENTAUREA BEHEN L., ELAEOCARPUS GANITRUS ROXB, GLORIOSA SUPERBA L. AND FICUS RELIGIOSA L. AGAINST HUMAN LUNG CANCER (A-549) CELL LINES","authors":"Satnam Singh, Amandeep Kaur, R. G. Saini","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/3505321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/3505321","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Phytochemicals form the basis of research and development of new molecules leading to the development of new novel drugs. In the\u0000oncology sector, plants have contributed more than 60% of the anti-cancer drugs, directly or indirectly. The present study Aims and Objectives:\u0000was conducted with the objective to explore the antitumor activity of various extracts obtained from dried roots of Centaurea behen L., dried\u0000fruits/beads of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb., dried roots of Gloriosa superba L. and dried leaves of Ficus religiosa L. against human lung cancer\u0000(A 549) cell lines. Method: Phytoconstituents were extracted by Soxhlet method using hexane, chloroform, methanol and water as solvents. MTT\u0000assay was used to nd the anti-proliferative potential of these plant extracts. The trypan blue dye exclusion test was used to determine the number of\u0000viable cells present in a cell suspension. Cytotoxic activity was also evaluated against non-cancerous cell lines (MCF-10A). Results: On A-549 cell\u0000lines, 93% cell death was reported with G. superba aqueous extract followed by E. ganitrus methanol extract and F. religiosa hexane extract and\u0000C. behen aqueous extract with 87%, 81.61% and 75 % cell death respectively. However, none of the extracts showed cytotoxic effect upon\u0000testing against normal non-cancerous cell lines (MCF- 10A). Conclusions: The results of the current ndings prove that phytoconstituents present\u0000in these plant extracts have high anticancer potential. This study strongly suggests the possibility of medicinal plants as an important source of\u0000anticancer drug development.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141058458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Most studies that have explored sense of community (SOC), attitude towards mental illness (AMI), self-compassion (SC), and attitude towards seeking professional help (ATSPH), have studied them individually in one sample population only without taking into consideration the geographical variations.Method: The comparative study used the ex-post facto research design and the mixed-method explanatory sequential design to understand the effect of SOC and AMI on SC and ATSPH while comparing University students (n=124) from 2 Indian states Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat. Results: The data from Lucknow and Vadodara were compared, SOC had no signicant effect on SC and ATSPH, but AMI had a signicant effect on SC and ATSPH. The qualitative study exploring AMI in Lucknow sample from Media department (n=10) highlighted three themes- reactions, causes and cures. The sub-themes of 'reactions' were sympathy, shock, and agony. The sub-themes of 'causes' were environmental factors, emotional factors, adverse experiences, and biological factors. The sub-themes of 'cures' were environment, pleasurable activities, care, medications, love, sympathy, and togetherness.
{"title":"ATTITUDE TOWARDS MENTAL ILLNESS, SENSE OF COMMUNITY, SELFCOMPASSION AND HELP-SEEKING ATTITUDE - A COMPARATIVE STUDY","authors":"Sushmitha Subramani","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/2603110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/2603110","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Most studies that have explored sense of community (SOC), attitude towards mental illness (AMI), self-compassion (SC), and\u0000attitude towards seeking professional help (ATSPH), have studied them individually in one sample population only without taking into\u0000consideration the geographical variations.Method: The comparative study used the ex-post facto research design and the mixed-method\u0000explanatory sequential design to understand the effect of SOC and AMI on SC and ATSPH while comparing University students (n=124) from 2\u0000Indian states Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat. Results: The data from Lucknow and Vadodara were compared, SOC had no signicant effect on SC and\u0000ATSPH, but AMI had a signicant effect on SC and ATSPH. The qualitative study exploring AMI in Lucknow sample from Media department\u0000(n=10) highlighted three themes- reactions, causes and cures. The sub-themes of 'reactions' were sympathy, shock, and agony. The sub-themes of\u0000'causes' were environmental factors, emotional factors, adverse experiences, and biological factors. The sub-themes of 'cures' were environment,\u0000pleasurable activities, care, medications, love, sympathy, and togetherness.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141024264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to deciency of 17 α Hydroxylase is an autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation of the CYP17A1 gene. The following case report demonstrates a rare case of 16 year old female, who presented to the Emergency Department with dehydration and generalized weakness (in a state of shock) with hypertension. She had persistent hypokalemia and her mother gave a history of not attaining menarche. Keeping a triad of hypokalemia, hypertension, and delayed puberty we investigated her endocrine workup which led to the diagnosis of 17 α Hydroxylase deciency. She was later started on steroids and estrogen, which showed improvement in her clinical condition on follow-up.
{"title":"A TRIAD TO DIAGNOSIS- CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA","authors":"Lakshmi Menon, Akshay Raundhal, Shriya Umalkar","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/6303485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/6303485","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to deciency of 17 α Hydroxylase is an autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation of the CYP17A1\u0000gene. The following case report demonstrates a rare case of 16 year old female, who presented to the Emergency Department with dehydration and\u0000generalized weakness (in a state of shock) with hypertension. She had persistent hypokalemia and her mother gave a history of not attaining\u0000menarche. Keeping a triad of hypokalemia, hypertension, and delayed puberty we investigated her endocrine workup which led to the diagnosis of\u000017 α Hydroxylase deciency. She was later started on steroids and estrogen, which showed improvement in her clinical condition on follow-up.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":"2015 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141027077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Enterocutaneous stula (ECF) is a difcult condition managed in surgical wards and is associated with signicant morbidity and mortality. Sepsis, malnutrition, and electrolyte abnormality are the classical triad of complications of ECF. This study Aims & Objectives: explores different treatment modalities and outcomes in SUM Hospital. All consecutive patients who Materials And Methods: developed or presented with ECF during the study period were included. The etiology, anatomic distribution, stula output, clinical course, complications, predictive factors for spontaneous closure, and outcomes for patients with ECF were studied. A tota Results: l of 20 patients were included in this prospective observational study, of which 13 were males and 7 were females. About 90% of ECFs were postoperative. The ileum was found to be the most common site of ECF. Also, 50% of stulas were high and 50% were low. Serum albumin levels correlated signicantly with stula healing and mortality. Surgical intervention was required in 60% of patients. Conclusion: Most of the ECFs are encountered in the postoperative period. Serum albumin levels can predict stula healing and mortality. Conservative management should be the rst line of treatment. Mortality in patients with ECF continues to be signicant and is commonly related to malnutrition and sepsis. Timely surgical intervention signicantly improves the outcomes.
{"title":"ENTEROCUTANEOUS FISTULA: PRESENTATION, TREATMENT MODALITIES, AND OUTCOMES IN 20 PATIENTS","authors":"Kasturi Bharadwaj, P V Dwarakanath Reddy","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/8500465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/8500465","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Enterocutaneous stula (ECF) is a difcult condition managed in surgical wards and is associated with signicant morbidity and\u0000mortality. Sepsis, malnutrition, and electrolyte abnormality are the classical triad of complications of ECF. This study Aims & Objectives:\u0000explores different treatment modalities and outcomes in SUM Hospital. All consecutive patients who Materials And Methods: developed or\u0000presented with ECF during the study period were included. The etiology, anatomic distribution, stula output, clinical course, complications,\u0000predictive factors for spontaneous closure, and outcomes for patients with ECF were studied. A tota Results: l of 20 patients were included in this\u0000prospective observational study, of which 13 were males and 7 were females. About 90% of ECFs were postoperative. The ileum was found to be\u0000the most common site of ECF. Also, 50% of stulas were high and 50% were low. Serum albumin levels correlated signicantly with stula healing\u0000and mortality. Surgical intervention was required in 60% of patients. Conclusion: Most of the ECFs are encountered in the postoperative period.\u0000Serum albumin levels can predict stula healing and mortality. Conservative management should be the rst line of treatment. Mortality in patients\u0000with ECF continues to be signicant and is commonly related to malnutrition and sepsis. Timely surgical intervention signicantly improves the\u0000outcomes.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":"148 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141028621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Caesarean section is the most commonly performed obstetric surgical procedure which with a suitable indication is potentially lifesaving. But it has many disadvantages for both mother and baby. Aims and Objectives: Hence, the present study is taken up to analyze various indications of primary cesarean section in a tertiary hospital, with an aim to reduce the C-section rate. Material and Methods: This is a Retrospective Observational study conducted at GGH Guntur, a tertiary care center, for 1 year from 1st October 2022 to 30 September 2023. All primary cesarean sections done at GGH, Guntur during the study period were included. All Repeat cesarean sections, primary sections done in other hospitals and referred to GGH Guntur, and patients with a previous history of laparotomy done for any obstetric or gynecological cause were excluded. Results: During the study period, out of 7548 deliveries, Normal deliveries were 3591, whereas Total cesarean sections were 3957. Of them, 2148 were primary cesarean sections and 1809 were repeat cesarean sections. So, the rate of primary cesarean section in our hospital was 54.3%. Fetal distress (32%) was found to be the most common indication for primary c-section followed by Cephalo Pelvic Disproportion (CPD) (26%). Conclusion: Our study highlights the need to lower c-section rates. Efforts like counseling women about the benets of Normal Vaginal Delivery(NVD), precise use of partograph, judicious use of oxytocin with other labour-inducing agents, timely admission and wise decision making while considering c-section, and expertization of instrumental vaginal delivery skills should be taken to achieve this.
{"title":"AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON INDICATIONS FOR PRIMARY CESAREAN SECTION AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE","authors":"Sanjana Kurimella, Subhashini Revu, Ratna Manjula Songa, Siddhartha Kancharla, Karuna Guguloth","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/7804093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/7804093","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Caesarean section is the most commonly performed obstetric surgical procedure which with a suitable indication is potentially\u0000lifesaving. But it has many disadvantages for both mother and baby. Aims and Objectives: Hence, the present study is taken up to analyze various\u0000indications of primary cesarean section in a tertiary hospital, with an aim to reduce the C-section rate. Material and Methods: This is a\u0000Retrospective Observational study conducted at GGH Guntur, a tertiary care center, for 1 year from 1st October 2022 to 30 September 2023. All\u0000primary cesarean sections done at GGH, Guntur during the study period were included. All Repeat cesarean sections, primary sections done in\u0000other hospitals and referred to GGH Guntur, and patients with a previous history of laparotomy done for any obstetric or gynecological cause were\u0000excluded. Results: During the study period, out of 7548 deliveries, Normal deliveries were 3591, whereas Total cesarean sections were 3957. Of\u0000them, 2148 were primary cesarean sections and 1809 were repeat cesarean sections. So, the rate of primary cesarean section in our hospital was\u000054.3%. Fetal distress (32%) was found to be the most common indication for primary c-section followed by Cephalo Pelvic Disproportion (CPD)\u0000(26%). Conclusion: Our study highlights the need to lower c-section rates. Efforts like counseling women about the benets of Normal Vaginal\u0000Delivery(NVD), precise use of partograph, judicious use of oxytocin with other labour-inducing agents, timely admission and wise decision\u0000making while considering c-section, and expertization of instrumental vaginal delivery skills should be taken to achieve this.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141031380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The National Medical Council (NMC) in its new educational reforms has made Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) sessions compulsory. Though it is being followed by all medical colleges, there are very few studies where perception of ECE in Biochemistry has been studied. Objectives: To determine the perception of I MBBS students about ECE in Biochemistry. Materials And Methods: Study design : Ambispective qualitative study, Study setting : Biochemistry Department. Subjects : I MBBS students 2022 Batch, Sampling technique : Purposive sampling, Study duration : 4 months. Retrospective component: ECE Reection questionnaire were given to all students after ECE sessions. We studied 120 ECE reections. Prospective component : We conducted Focused group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews (IDI) for 40 students. The Themes generated from reections, Focused group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews were analyzed. Results: Thematic analysis Themes on early clinical exposure sessions emerging from Focused group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews were : Understanding of ECE Method – “It was helpful and exposed us to different clinical conditions", Impact on Clinical Problem-Solving - “By ECE sessions, we learnt how to encounter clinical cases", Enhancements for ECE Sessions - “taking students to wards”, Diverse Learning Outcomes - “ECE sessions made complex manifestations into easily understandable topics". Conclusion: There was a broad understanding of ECE and perceptual shift in study topics among participants. Integration of basic sciences with clinical subjects was found benecial, though complexities were noted. Suggestions for ECE enhancements were more interactive sessions and real-life clinical exposure.
{"title":"PERCEPTION OF EARLY CLINICAL EXPOSURE BY I MBBS STUDENTS","authors":"Sunil Kumar Nanda, Ramachandran Thiruvengadam","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/2702256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/2702256","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The National Medical Council (NMC) in its new educational reforms has made Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) sessions\u0000compulsory. Though it is being followed by all medical colleges, there are very few studies where perception of ECE in Biochemistry has been\u0000studied. Objectives: To determine the perception of I MBBS students about ECE in Biochemistry. Materials And Methods: Study design :\u0000Ambispective qualitative study, Study setting : Biochemistry Department. Subjects : I MBBS students 2022 Batch, Sampling technique :\u0000Purposive sampling, Study duration : 4 months. Retrospective component: ECE Reection questionnaire were given to all students after ECE\u0000sessions. We studied 120 ECE reections. Prospective component : We conducted Focused group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews\u0000(IDI) for 40 students. The Themes generated from reections, Focused group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews were analyzed. Results:\u0000Thematic analysis Themes on early clinical exposure sessions emerging from Focused group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews were :\u0000Understanding of ECE Method – “It was helpful and exposed us to different clinical conditions\", Impact on Clinical Problem-Solving - “By ECE\u0000sessions, we learnt how to encounter clinical cases\", Enhancements for ECE Sessions - “taking students to wards”, Diverse Learning Outcomes -\u0000“ECE sessions made complex manifestations into easily understandable topics\". Conclusion: There was a broad understanding of ECE and\u0000perceptual shift in study topics among participants. Integration of basic sciences with clinical subjects was found benecial, though complexities\u0000were noted. Suggestions for ECE enhancements were more interactive sessions and real-life clinical exposure.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141043226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We presented the case of a 32-year-old woman with a history of two early pregnancy losses and previous cesarean delivery 2012. had a laparoscopic repair of the cesarean niche in 2018, she experienced an intrauterine fetal demise at 27 weeks in her subsequent pregnancy, leading to medical management with Misoprostol. In 2023 with new pregnancy at 39 weeks and 6 days gestation, she presented with lower abdominal pain, necessitating emergency management with cesarean section due to a scar dehiscence-like pouch. A baby girl was delivered with favorable outcomes. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management of cesarean niche pregnancy to prevent maternal complications. Early recognition and prompt intervention are crucial for optimizing outcomes in cesarean niche pregnancies.
{"title":"OBSTETRIC MORBIDITY ASSOCIATED WITH CESAREAN NICHE: A CASE REPORT","authors":"Nahla Hatam Hamodi","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/4720649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/4720649","url":null,"abstract":"We presented the case of a 32-year-old woman with a history of two early pregnancy losses and previous cesarean delivery 2012. had a laparoscopic\u0000repair of the cesarean niche in 2018, she experienced an intrauterine fetal demise at 27 weeks in her subsequent pregnancy, leading to medical\u0000management with Misoprostol. In 2023 with new pregnancy at 39 weeks and 6 days gestation, she presented with lower abdominal pain,\u0000necessitating emergency management with cesarean section due to a scar dehiscence-like pouch. A baby girl was delivered with favorable\u0000outcomes. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management of cesarean niche pregnancy to prevent maternal\u0000complications. Early recognition and prompt intervention are crucial for optimizing outcomes in cesarean niche pregnancies.","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141131918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a spectrum of pulmonary complications, ranging from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to long-term sequelae such as interstitial lung disease (ILD). Post-COVID ILD presents a novel challenge, characterized by a broinammatory process that differs from traditional ILDs. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of post-COVID ILD, exploring its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic considerations. We delve into the interplay between viral infection, dysregulated immune responses, and brotic pathways, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying disease progression. Clinical phenotypes and radiological patterns of post-COVID ILD are elucidated, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration for accurate diagnosis and management. By synthesizing current evidence and clinical insights, this article aims to enhance clinicians' understanding of post-COVID ILD, facilitating optimized care for affected individuals in the post-pandemic era. The Material and Methods: study was a retrospective, observational cross-sectional study conducted in JNUIMSRC, Jaipur, Rajasthan. A total of 15 patient cases who presented to the Outpatient Department of JNUIMSRC, Jaipur from August 2022 to March 2023, with symptoms of cough, shortness of breath, chest pain and dyspnea with symptom history of more than 3 months were evaluated using High resolution computed tomography. We assessed the clinical symptoms and radiological patterns of the cases to determine the trajectory of the disease. This study included patients of all ages and genders who presented with symptoms of dyspnea, cough and chest pain with symptom duration > 3 months with a clinic-radiological diagnosis of COVID-19 infection who consented to be a part of this study. The proposition that post-COVID-19 syndrome contr Results- ibutes to Interstitial Lung Disease suggests that tissue damage occurs directly, potentially inciting autoimmunity, and is compounded by exposure to neoantigens, as well as the generation of antibodies whose identities remain elusive. This phenomenon arises from a complex interplay involving immunological responses, genetic predispositions, tissue damage resulting from COVID-19 infection, the impact of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the inltration of macrophages during the acute phase of the disease. These factors collectively instigate a broproliferative cascade, culminating in the recruitment of broblasts and myobroblasts, alongside excessive extracellular matrix deposition within the pulmonary interstitium. This process ultimately leads to brosis and architectural damage within the lung tissue. Conclusion- After experiencing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis, a subset of patients develop interstitial lung disease, resulting in enduring functional impairment of the lungs. Even a minor proportion of individuals affected by this condition is poised to impos
{"title":"UNDERSTANDING INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE IN POST COVID-19 PATIENTS AS A NEW FIBROINFLAMMATORY DISEASE","authors":"Apoorva Tripathi, Rajeev Mudkavi, Sumit Anand","doi":"10.36106/ijsr/6808741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/6808741","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a spectrum of pulmonary complications, ranging from acute respiratory distress syndrome\u0000(ARDS) to long-term sequelae such as interstitial lung disease (ILD). Post-COVID ILD presents a novel challenge, characterized by a\u0000broinammatory process that differs from traditional ILDs. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of post-COVID ILD,\u0000exploring its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic considerations. We delve into the interplay between\u0000viral infection, dysregulated immune responses, and brotic pathways, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying disease progression. Clinical\u0000phenotypes and radiological patterns of post-COVID ILD are elucidated, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration for\u0000accurate diagnosis and management. By synthesizing current evidence and clinical insights, this article aims to enhance clinicians' understanding\u0000of post-COVID ILD, facilitating optimized care for affected individuals in the post-pandemic era. The Material and Methods: study was a\u0000retrospective, observational cross-sectional study conducted in JNUIMSRC, Jaipur, Rajasthan. A total of 15 patient cases who presented to the\u0000Outpatient Department of JNUIMSRC, Jaipur from August 2022 to March 2023, with symptoms of cough, shortness of breath, chest pain and\u0000dyspnea with symptom history of more than 3 months were evaluated using High resolution computed tomography. We assessed the clinical\u0000symptoms and radiological patterns of the cases to determine the trajectory of the disease. This study included patients of all ages and genders who\u0000presented with symptoms of dyspnea, cough and chest pain with symptom duration > 3 months with a clinic-radiological diagnosis of COVID-19\u0000infection who consented to be a part of this study. The proposition that post-COVID-19 syndrome contr Results- ibutes to Interstitial Lung Disease\u0000suggests that tissue damage occurs directly, potentially inciting autoimmunity, and is compounded by exposure to neoantigens, as well as the\u0000generation of antibodies whose identities remain elusive. This phenomenon arises from a complex interplay involving immunological responses,\u0000genetic predispositions, tissue damage resulting from COVID-19 infection, the impact of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the inltration\u0000of macrophages during the acute phase of the disease. These factors collectively instigate a broproliferative cascade, culminating in the\u0000recruitment of broblasts and myobroblasts, alongside excessive extracellular matrix deposition within the pulmonary interstitium. This process\u0000ultimately leads to brosis and architectural damage within the lung tissue. Conclusion- After experiencing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis, a subset of\u0000patients develop interstitial lung disease, resulting in enduring functional impairment of the lungs. Even a minor proportion of individuals affected\u0000by this condition is poised to impos","PeriodicalId":14358,"journal":{"name":"International journal of scientific research","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141140473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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