Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885015.1001
A. Askari, A. Khanmirzaei, S. Rezaei
Purpose This study performed a feasibility assessment of nitrogen enrichment by some organic wastes through vermicomposting as well as its release as a bioavailable form over time. Methods Soybean and canola wastes as well as the dairy blood powder of industrial slaughterhouse were used as organic wastes to enrich the vermicompost. Composted materials were incubated for nitrogen mineralization kinetic assessment by adjusting moisture content to 50% at 30 ˚C for 80 days. During the incubation, moisture was maintained by weighing. Subsamples were collected after 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 days of incubation. Results Among the treatments, those for 25% dairy blood powder contained the highest nitrogen content (4.95 and 3.70% for chicken and cow blood powder, respectively). Nitrogen mineralization through 80 days of incubation ranged from 2.23% (for 50% canola waste treatment) to 2.57% (for 25% blood powder) of the total nitrogen. The mineralization rate ranged from 4.24 and 3.62 mg kg-1 day-1 for the compost containing 25% chicken and cow blood powder, respectively, to 0.94 and 0.84 mg kg-1 day-1 in canola and soybean waste, respectively, whereas those for the control treatment equaled 0.81 mg kg-1 day-1. Conclusion Composts containing 25% blood powder were acceptable in terms of quantity and nitrogen release over time, and can serve as a reliable source of available nutrients in the soil.
目的对部分有机废弃物通过蚯蚓堆肥富集氮及其随时间以生物可利用形式释放的可行性进行了评价。方法以工业屠宰场的大豆、油菜籽废弃物和乳血粉为有机废弃物，对蚯蚓堆肥进行富集处理。在30℃条件下，将堆肥含水率调节至50%，培养80 d，进行氮矿化动力学评价。在孵育期间，通过称重来保持水分。在孵育1、5、10、20、40、60和80天后收集亚样本。结果25%乳血粉处理氮含量最高，鸡血粉为4.95%，牛血粉为3.70%。经过80天的培养，氮矿化从总氮的2.23%(处理50%油菜籽废物)到2.57%(处理25%血粉)不等。添加25%鸡血粉和牛血粉的堆肥的矿化率分别为4.24和3.62 mg kg-1 d -1，油菜和大豆废料的矿化率分别为0.94和0.84 mg kg-1 d -1，而对照处理的矿化率为0.81 mg kg-1 d -1。结论25%血粉堆肥的施氮量和施氮量均可接受，可作为土壤速效养分的可靠来源。
{"title":"Vermicompost enrichment using organic wastes: Nitrogen content and mineralization","authors":"A. Askari, A. Khanmirzaei, S. Rezaei","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885015.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885015.1001","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This study performed a feasibility assessment of nitrogen enrichment by some organic wastes through vermicomposting as well as its release as a bioavailable form over time. Methods Soybean and canola wastes as well as the dairy blood powder of industrial slaughterhouse were used as organic wastes to enrich the vermicompost. Composted materials were incubated for nitrogen mineralization kinetic assessment by adjusting moisture content to 50% at 30 ˚C for 80 days. During the incubation, moisture was maintained by weighing. Subsamples were collected after 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 days of incubation. Results Among the treatments, those for 25% dairy blood powder contained the highest nitrogen content (4.95 and 3.70% for chicken and cow blood powder, respectively). Nitrogen mineralization through 80 days of incubation ranged from 2.23% (for 50% canola waste treatment) to 2.57% (for 25% blood powder) of the total nitrogen. The mineralization rate ranged from 4.24 and 3.62 mg kg-1 day-1 for the compost containing 25% chicken and cow blood powder, respectively, to 0.94 and 0.84 mg kg-1 day-1 in canola and soybean waste, respectively, whereas those for the control treatment equaled 0.81 mg kg-1 day-1. Conclusion Composts containing 25% blood powder were acceptable in terms of quantity and nitrogen release over time, and can serve as a reliable source of available nutrients in the soil.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"15 1","pages":"151-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80694498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1891396.1030
Francielen Paola de Sá, A. C. Belniaki, Maristela Panobianco, Mônica Moreno Gabira, D. Kratz, E. Lima, I. Wendling, W. Magalhães
Purpose To comply with purposes of circular economy and sustainability, as well as promoting an appropriate destination for waste from Bactris gasipaes agro-industry and adding value to this product, we evaluated the compost of the plant residue as substrate for seedlings production. Methods Waste was collected, composted, dried and ground. Compost samples were characterized chemically and physically. The treatments consisted of different proportions of compost and soil (medium commonly used in B. gasipaes seedling nurseries), to make five growth media (v:v composted peach palm:soil): T1 - 100: 0; T2 - 75:25; T3 - 50:50; T4 - 25:75 and T5- 0: 100. After 120 days of planting the peach palm seedlings, morphological parameters were evaluated. Results For the majority of physicochemical properties, T1 showed superior characteristics, i.e. higher water retention capacity (74.19 v/v), higher total porosity (74.78%) as well as higher concentrations of N, P, K (with 2.90 %, 3412.00 g dm-3 and 7120.00 g dm-3, respectively) when compared to T5. Likewise, for seedling morphological parameters, the material grown in T1 presented higher height and shoot fresh and dry weight. Conclusion B. gasipaes residue compost shows adequate amounts of macro and micronutrients and physical properties that enable satisfactory development of seedlings from the species, thus promoting a self-sustainable seedling production system.
为了符合循环经济和可持续发展的目标，以及促进气腹大杆菌农用工业废弃物的合理利用和产品增值，我们对植物残渣堆肥作为育苗基质进行了评估。方法收集废弃物，进行堆肥、干燥、粉碎。对堆肥样品进行了化学和物理表征。不同比例的堆肥与土壤(青苗苗圃常用的培养基)处理，得到5种生长培养基(v:v堆肥桃棕:土壤):T1 ~ 100: 0;T2 - 75:25;T3 - 50:50;T4 - 25:75和T5- 0: 100。种植120 d后，对桃棕幼苗的形态参数进行评价。结果与T5相比，T1具有更高的保水性(74.19 v/v)、更高的总孔隙度(74.78%)和更高的N、P、K浓度(分别为2.90%、3412.00 g dm-3和7120.00 g dm-3)。同样，在幼苗形态参数上，T1条件下生长的材料表现出较高的株高和茎干鲜重。结论气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体气体
{"title":"Peach palm residue compost as substrate for Bactris gasipaes self-sustaining seedlings production","authors":"Francielen Paola de Sá, A. C. Belniaki, Maristela Panobianco, Mônica Moreno Gabira, D. Kratz, E. Lima, I. Wendling, W. Magalhães","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1891396.1030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1891396.1030","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To comply with purposes of circular economy and sustainability, as well as promoting an appropriate destination for waste from Bactris gasipaes agro-industry and adding value to this product, we evaluated the compost of the plant residue as substrate for seedlings production. Methods Waste was collected, composted, dried and ground. Compost samples were characterized chemically and physically. The treatments consisted of different proportions of compost and soil (medium commonly used in B. gasipaes seedling nurseries), to make five growth media (v:v composted peach palm:soil): T1 - 100: 0; T2 - 75:25; T3 - 50:50; T4 - 25:75 and T5- 0: 100. After 120 days of planting the peach palm seedlings, morphological parameters were evaluated. Results For the majority of physicochemical properties, T1 showed superior characteristics, i.e. higher water retention capacity (74.19 v/v), higher total porosity (74.78%) as well as higher concentrations of N, P, K (with 2.90 %, 3412.00 g dm-3 and 7120.00 g dm-3, respectively) when compared to T5. Likewise, for seedling morphological parameters, the material grown in T1 presented higher height and shoot fresh and dry weight. Conclusion B. gasipaes residue compost shows adequate amounts of macro and micronutrients and physical properties that enable satisfactory development of seedlings from the species, thus promoting a self-sustainable seedling production system.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"90 1","pages":"183-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84341747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1890242.1022
N. Escobar, N. Arenas, S. M. Márquez
Purpose Bacterial and fungal communities represent key bioindicators of soil quality and are essential for the maintenance of nutrient availability. Our purpose was to characterize the bacterial and fungal biodiversity associated with different compost mixtures, comparing microbiological indicators regarding the soil quality. Methods Compost samples and mixtures were prepared (15:1 final ratio) with chemical fertilizer, animal manures (bovine, swine, and poultry) and green waste (such as tomato waste and leaves). Bacterial and fungal isolation and identification were performed through standard phenotypic methods. Statistical methods to assess differences between treatments included Shannon diversity, Chi-square tests, Bray-Curtis clustering, and Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Results Streptomyces species, Gram-positive bacteria, were commonly found in differing abundances in all samples. Gram-positive species were predominant in soils amended with vegetable green waste while Gram-negative bacteria were more abundant in samples with chemical fertilizer. Fungal abundance increased in poultry manure and chemical fertilizers. Conclusion Our findings suggested that organic matter recycling and composting resulted in the shifting of biodiversity in bacterial and fungal populations which might be associated with the availability of certain nutrient sources provided by the composting materials.
{"title":"Characterization of microbial populations associated with different organic fertilizers","authors":"N. Escobar, N. Arenas, S. M. Márquez","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1890242.1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1890242.1022","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Bacterial and fungal communities represent key bioindicators of soil quality and are essential for the maintenance of nutrient availability. Our purpose was to characterize the bacterial and fungal biodiversity associated with different compost mixtures, comparing microbiological indicators regarding the soil quality. Methods Compost samples and mixtures were prepared (15:1 final ratio) with chemical fertilizer, animal manures (bovine, swine, and poultry) and green waste (such as tomato waste and leaves). Bacterial and fungal isolation and identification were performed through standard phenotypic methods. Statistical methods to assess differences between treatments included Shannon diversity, Chi-square tests, Bray-Curtis clustering, and Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Results Streptomyces species, Gram-positive bacteria, were commonly found in differing abundances in all samples. Gram-positive species were predominant in soils amended with vegetable green waste while Gram-negative bacteria were more abundant in samples with chemical fertilizer. Fungal abundance increased in poultry manure and chemical fertilizers. Conclusion Our findings suggested that organic matter recycling and composting resulted in the shifting of biodiversity in bacterial and fungal populations which might be associated with the availability of certain nutrient sources provided by the composting materials.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"87 1","pages":"171-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83437349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1889862.1018
I. A. Putrawan, Adli Azharuddin, Dendy Adityawarman
Purpose This research aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of granular NPK fertilizers prepared by physical granulation with eggshell, snail shell, and cow bone as fillers and to compare them to conventional filler. Methods Urea, DAP, KCl, and fillers were milled separately and mixed to the desired formula. About 150 g of mixed powders were granulated on a disc granulator in 9 minutes, at a rotation speed of 35 rpm and a disc slope of 45°. Water at a desired additional moisture was sprayed on the tumbled powders to facilitate the granulation. The obtained granules were then dried and screened into three fractions: undersize ( 4 mm). Results Snail shells and eggshells as fillers were found to give on-size NPK granules having yield and compressive strength which were comparable to that with limestone as a conventional filler. For NPK 15-15-15, using snail shells and eggshells as fillers, the yields of on-size granules achieved 46% and 56%, respectively, and the compressive strengths of on-size granules reached 2.4 and 2.1 MPa, respectively. Cow bones as fillers resulted in low compressive strength. The distribution of nutrients in the NPK granules was found to be close to the targeted formula. Conclusion Snail shells and eggshells as fillers have good yield and quality of on-size NPK granules and are very potential alternatives to limestone.
{"title":"Agricultural wastes as renewable fillers in physical granulation of NPK fertilizers: Evaluation of on-size granules and comparison to conventional filler","authors":"I. A. Putrawan, Adli Azharuddin, Dendy Adityawarman","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1889862.1018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1889862.1018","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This research aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of granular NPK fertilizers prepared by physical granulation with eggshell, snail shell, and cow bone as fillers and to compare them to conventional filler. Methods Urea, DAP, KCl, and fillers were milled separately and mixed to the desired formula. About 150 g of mixed powders were granulated on a disc granulator in 9 minutes, at a rotation speed of 35 rpm and a disc slope of 45°. Water at a desired additional moisture was sprayed on the tumbled powders to facilitate the granulation. The obtained granules were then dried and screened into three fractions: undersize ( 4 mm). Results Snail shells and eggshells as fillers were found to give on-size NPK granules having yield and compressive strength which were comparable to that with limestone as a conventional filler. For NPK 15-15-15, using snail shells and eggshells as fillers, the yields of on-size granules achieved 46% and 56%, respectively, and the compressive strengths of on-size granules reached 2.4 and 2.1 MPa, respectively. Cow bones as fillers resulted in low compressive strength. The distribution of nutrients in the NPK granules was found to be close to the targeted formula. Conclusion Snail shells and eggshells as fillers have good yield and quality of on-size NPK granules and are very potential alternatives to limestone.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"145 1","pages":"119-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88278633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885774.1013
B. Foereid, E. Alvarenga, J. Szőcs, M. Makádi
Purpose Sorption could be a way to concentrate nutrients in diluted waste streams to bring more nutrients back to agriculture. The aim of this work was to model the fate of sorbed NH4+ content in liquid waste streams by adding nitrogen (N) sorbed to a sorbent, zeolite, and study its effect on early growth and potential leaching losses. Methods A pot experiment with two soil types and wheat as test crop was conducted. Mineral N in soil was measured, and a leaching experiment performed. 15N labelled ammonium was sorbed to zeolite. The fertilizer effect was then compared to ammonium fertilizer applied the conventional way, with and without zeolite. Results Early uptake of sorbed ammonium was reduced by 56% compared to ammonium applied conventionally, and soil uptake compensated only very early. Nitrate concentration in leachates was reduced by 12% in sandy soil when N was applied sorbed to zeolite. However, leaching of water through the profile increased 71% when N was applied sorbed to zeolite, so that there was only a tendency to lower N losses when N was applied sorbed to zeolite. Conclusion Ammonium-N sorbed to zeolite is less plant available than conventionally applied N but may also be less prone to leaching losses.
{"title":"Uptake and leaching of sorbed ammonium during early growth of wheat","authors":"B. Foereid, E. Alvarenga, J. Szőcs, M. Makádi","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885774.1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885774.1013","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Sorption could be a way to concentrate nutrients in diluted waste streams to bring more nutrients back to agriculture. The aim of this work was to model the fate of sorbed NH4+ content in liquid waste streams by adding nitrogen (N) sorbed to a sorbent, zeolite, and study its effect on early growth and potential leaching losses. Methods A pot experiment with two soil types and wheat as test crop was conducted. Mineral N in soil was measured, and a leaching experiment performed. 15N labelled ammonium was sorbed to zeolite. The fertilizer effect was then compared to ammonium fertilizer applied the conventional way, with and without zeolite. Results Early uptake of sorbed ammonium was reduced by 56% compared to ammonium applied conventionally, and soil uptake compensated only very early. Nitrate concentration in leachates was reduced by 12% in sandy soil when N was applied sorbed to zeolite. However, leaching of water through the profile increased 71% when N was applied sorbed to zeolite, so that there was only a tendency to lower N losses when N was applied sorbed to zeolite. Conclusion Ammonium-N sorbed to zeolite is less plant available than conventionally applied N but may also be less prone to leaching losses.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"27 1","pages":"221-228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82633763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1890596.1026
C. Clementson, Lalita Gopaul
Purpose Vinasse is produced in large quantities as a by-product from bioethanol production. To ensure environmental sustainability, a beneficial use was sought. Previous study showed that short-term crops grown with vinasse-amended soil provided higher yield than crops treated with chemical NPK (15:15:15) fertilizer. To understand this phenomenon, this study sought to establish the nutrient release rates of vinasse in the agricultural soils of Guyana. Methods Soils representative of the three most common and one futuristic agricultural land in Guyana were fertilized with vinasse, then watered as with normal course of plant growth of cash-crops for twelve weeks. The soil was sampled periodically, and the soil nutrients were determined. Results The nutrient availability from the application of vinasse as a soil amendment was greater for the clay soils than the sandy soil. EC was high while there was high availability of N, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn during the 6-12th week. There was no discernable trend for tiwiwid sand. Conclusion In this laboratory study, high nutrient availability was observed in weeks 6-12 for the three clay soils studied. This period is the fruit and foliage growth phase for most short-term crops; hence, this suggests that vinasse is a good soil amendment for short-term crops in these soils. Vinasse did not improve the fertility of sandy soils; hence, it would be unsuitable as a fertilizer source in the Intermediate Savannahs of Guyana. Further studies should be done to fully determine the soil nutrient dynamics and the nutrient uptake.
{"title":"Laboratory study of the nutrient release rate for vinasse on sandy soil and three coastal clay soils of Guyana","authors":"C. Clementson, Lalita Gopaul","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1890596.1026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1890596.1026","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Vinasse is produced in large quantities as a by-product from bioethanol production. To ensure environmental sustainability, a beneficial use was sought. Previous study showed that short-term crops grown with vinasse-amended soil provided higher yield than crops treated with chemical NPK (15:15:15) fertilizer. To understand this phenomenon, this study sought to establish the nutrient release rates of vinasse in the agricultural soils of Guyana. Methods Soils representative of the three most common and one futuristic agricultural land in Guyana were fertilized with vinasse, then watered as with normal course of plant growth of cash-crops for twelve weeks. The soil was sampled periodically, and the soil nutrients were determined. Results The nutrient availability from the application of vinasse as a soil amendment was greater for the clay soils than the sandy soil. EC was high while there was high availability of N, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn during the 6-12th week. There was no discernable trend for tiwiwid sand. Conclusion In this laboratory study, high nutrient availability was observed in weeks 6-12 for the three clay soils studied. This period is the fruit and foliage growth phase for most short-term crops; hence, this suggests that vinasse is a good soil amendment for short-term crops in these soils. Vinasse did not improve the fertility of sandy soils; hence, it would be unsuitable as a fertilizer source in the Intermediate Savannahs of Guyana. Further studies should be done to fully determine the soil nutrient dynamics and the nutrient uptake.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"14 1","pages":"137-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86641391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885790.1011
C. Masín, M. E. Fernández, M. Lescano, C. Zalazar
Purpose A combined treatment of composting and vermicomposting of poultry litter (PL), rice hulls (RH) and/or eucalyptus sawdust (ES) was carried out in order to obtain a high-quality organic fertilizer and avoid the environmental problems associated with the use of raw poultry manure and fresh agricultural waste materials. Methods Three composting mixtures were made at volume proportions: 1:3 RH/PL (M1); 1:2 ES/PL (M2) and 0.5:1:2 RH/ES/PL (M3). Composting (120 days) followed by vermicomposting (90 days) using earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were conducted during the autumn-winter season, outdoors and sheltered. Moisture content was kept at 60-70%. Physicochemical (pH, electrical conductivity, lignin, total carbon and nitrogen, organic matter, ammonium and specific cations), total microbial activity (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis) and microbiological parameters were recorded throughout both processes. Phytotoxicity tests were lastly performed by means of Lactuca sativa, L. seed germination, to compare the quality of the organic fertilizers obtained. Results A sequential compost-vermicompost process enhanced the properties of the final products. Particularly, electrical conductivity was markedly lower in all vermicomposts (1.81-2.28 mS cm-1) and within the values recommended for the growth of sensitive plants; microbial activity reached 187.1-203.8 µg FDA gsoil-1 h-1. Germination Index values in vermicomposts were greater than 60%, indicating the high quality of the products obtained, being the mixture 0.5RH:1ES:2PL, the one which showed better quality and higher maturation degree. Conclusion The system that combines both processes (composting+vermicomposting) was effective to produce a stabilized organic fertilizer from poultry litter with other waste organic materials.
摘要目的对禽畜粪便(PL)、稻壳(RH)和/或桉木屑(ES)进行堆肥和蚯蚓堆肥联合处理，以获得高质量的有机肥，避免使用生禽粪便和新鲜农业废弃物所带来的环境问题。方法按体积比例配制3种堆肥混合物:1:3 RH/PL (M1);1:2 ES/PL (M2)和0.5:1:2 RH/ES/PL (M3)。堆肥(120天)和蚯蚓(Eisenia fetida)蚯蚓堆肥(90天)在秋冬季节进行，室外和遮蔽。水分含量保持在60-70%。物理化学(pH、电导率、木质素、总碳和总氮、有机物、铵和特定阳离子)、总微生物活性(双醋酸荧光素水解)和微生物参数在两个过程中都被记录下来。最后，通过乳酸种子萌发进行植物毒性试验，比较所得有机肥的质量。结果连续堆肥-蚯蚓堆肥工艺提高了最终产品的性能。特别是，所有蚯蚓堆肥的电导率明显较低(1.81-2.28 mS cm-1)，在敏感植物生长的推荐值范围内;微生物活性达到187.1 ~ 203.8µg FDA gsoil-1 h-1。蚯蚓堆肥的发芽指数大于60%，表明所获得的产品质量较高，即0.5RH:1ES:2PL的混合物，质量较好，成熟程度较高。结论采用堆肥+蚯蚓堆肥两种工艺相结合的工艺体系，可有效地将禽畜废弃物与其他有机废弃物结合，生产出稳定的有机肥。
{"title":"Bioconversion of agro-industrial wastes: Combined compost and vermicompost processes using Eisenia fetida for stabilization of poultry litter","authors":"C. Masín, M. E. Fernández, M. Lescano, C. Zalazar","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885790.1011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885790.1011","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose A combined treatment of composting and vermicomposting of poultry litter (PL), rice hulls (RH) and/or eucalyptus sawdust (ES) was carried out in order to obtain a high-quality organic fertilizer and avoid the environmental problems associated with the use of raw poultry manure and fresh agricultural waste materials. Methods Three composting mixtures were made at volume proportions: 1:3 RH/PL (M1); 1:2 ES/PL (M2) and 0.5:1:2 RH/ES/PL (M3). Composting (120 days) followed by vermicomposting (90 days) using earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were conducted during the autumn-winter season, outdoors and sheltered. Moisture content was kept at 60-70%. Physicochemical (pH, electrical conductivity, lignin, total carbon and nitrogen, organic matter, ammonium and specific cations), total microbial activity (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis) and microbiological parameters were recorded throughout both processes. Phytotoxicity tests were lastly performed by means of Lactuca sativa, L. seed germination, to compare the quality of the organic fertilizers obtained. Results A sequential compost-vermicompost process enhanced the properties of the final products. Particularly, electrical conductivity was markedly lower in all vermicomposts (1.81-2.28 mS cm-1) and within the values recommended for the growth of sensitive plants; microbial activity reached 187.1-203.8 µg FDA gsoil-1 h-1. Germination Index values in vermicomposts were greater than 60%, indicating the high quality of the products obtained, being the mixture 0.5RH:1ES:2PL, the one which showed better quality and higher maturation degree. Conclusion The system that combines both processes (composting+vermicomposting) was effective to produce a stabilized organic fertilizer from poultry litter with other waste organic materials.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"19 1","pages":"107-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78014122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-03DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885335.1004
F. Esmaeili
Purpose Nowadays various studies have been carried out on the possibility of using different types of organic waste compost as a much cheaper and more affordable alternative to peat moss. In this research, different rates of peat moss, vermicompost, municipal wastes compost and palm waste compost were used in combination with perlite and zeolite on the growth of Codiaeum variegatum cv. Norma. Methods The physical and chemical characteristics of media, growth indexes of plant and the number of nutritional compounds in the plant were evaluated. Results The results showed that the highest rate of nitrogen absorption observed in treatment containing peat moss and perlite and combination of this material with zeolite showed better results in the absorption of phosphorus, potassium, iron, and zinc and also had better results in some leaves and dry weight than perlite. Combined treatments of vermicompost with perlite and zeolite, peat moss with perlite and zeolite and also municipal waste compost and perlite showed the best results in different growth indexes of the plant. Conclusion Based on the results, zeolite can be highly efficient in the substrates due to higher nutrients and desirable physical properties. Also, vermicompost and municipal waste compost due to the availability, desirable characteristics, high nutrient, and lower cost could be the substitute of peat moss for the production of the Croton plant.
{"title":"Investigation of the compost of different organic wastes usage combined with zeolite and perlite on the growth of Codiaeum variegatum cv. Norma","authors":"F. Esmaeili","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885335.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885335.1004","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Nowadays various studies have been carried out on the possibility of using different types of organic waste compost as a much cheaper and more affordable alternative to peat moss. In this research, different rates of peat moss, vermicompost, municipal wastes compost and palm waste compost were used in combination with perlite and zeolite on the growth of Codiaeum variegatum cv. Norma. \u0000Methods The physical and chemical characteristics of media, growth indexes of plant and the number of nutritional compounds in the plant were evaluated. \u0000Results The results showed that the highest rate of nitrogen absorption observed in treatment containing peat moss and perlite and combination of this material with zeolite showed better results in the absorption of phosphorus, potassium, iron, and zinc and also had better results in some leaves and dry weight than perlite. Combined treatments of vermicompost with perlite and zeolite, peat moss with perlite and zeolite and also municipal waste compost and perlite showed the best results in different growth indexes of the plant. \u0000Conclusion Based on the results, zeolite can be highly efficient in the substrates due to higher nutrients and desirable physical properties. Also, vermicompost and municipal waste compost due to the availability, desirable characteristics, high nutrient, and lower cost could be the substitute of peat moss for the production of the Croton plant.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87446203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.671209
M. El-Haddad, M. Zayed, G. El-Sayed, A. El-Satar
Purpose The effect of using compost and vermicompost or their teas on the growth and biochemical profile of Salvia officinalis cultivated in sand soil were assessed. Methods Plants were subjected to different treatments of compost, vermicompost and their teas. The growth of common sage, Salvia officinalis was monitored as shoot fresh and dry weights (g/plant) and their oil, N, P, and K contents. Results Among the four tested treatments of vermicompost, the treatment no. 1 (prepared from rice straw supplemented by Trichoderma harzianum and Phanerochaete chrysosporium + Cattle dung + Rock phosphate + Feldspar “12 % K2O”), showed the maximal values of shoot fresh and dry weights, oil, N, P, and K %, being in the first cut 820, 200 g/plant, 1.42, 2.80, 1.40 and 1.98 in respective order. The corresponding values in the second cut were 1152, 277 g/plant, 1.55, 3.56, 1.68 and 2.29%, respectively. Also, the maximal values of all previous parameters were recorded in the vermicompost tea treatment no1, treated as soil and foliar amendments being 730, 196 g/plant, 1.47, 2.4, 1.38 and 2.19% in the first cut and 1150, 270 g/plant, 1.64, 3.5, 1.68 and 2.38% in the second cut, respectively. Conclusions The growth of Salvia officinalis was higher in plants treated by different vermicompost treatments, compared to those treated by compost or the control (without any supplementation).
{"title":"Efficiency of compost and vermicompost in supporting the growth and chemical constituents of Salvia officinalis L. Cultivated in Sand Soil","authors":"M. El-Haddad, M. Zayed, G. El-Sayed, A. El-Satar","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.671209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.671209","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The effect of using compost and vermicompost or their teas on the growth and biochemical profile of Salvia officinalis cultivated in sand soil were assessed. Methods Plants were subjected to different treatments of compost, vermicompost and their teas. The growth of common sage, Salvia officinalis was monitored as shoot fresh and dry weights (g/plant) and their oil, N, P, and K contents. Results Among the four tested treatments of vermicompost, the treatment no. 1 (prepared from rice straw supplemented by Trichoderma harzianum and Phanerochaete chrysosporium + Cattle dung + Rock phosphate + Feldspar “12 % K2O”), showed the maximal values of shoot fresh and dry weights, oil, N, P, and K %, being in the first cut 820, 200 g/plant, 1.42, 2.80, 1.40 and 1.98 in respective order. The corresponding values in the second cut were 1152, 277 g/plant, 1.55, 3.56, 1.68 and 2.29%, respectively. Also, the maximal values of all previous parameters were recorded in the vermicompost tea treatment no1, treated as soil and foliar amendments being 730, 196 g/plant, 1.47, 2.4, 1.38 and 2.19% in the first cut and 1150, 270 g/plant, 1.64, 3.5, 1.68 and 2.38% in the second cut, respectively. Conclusions The growth of Salvia officinalis was higher in plants treated by different vermicompost treatments, compared to those treated by compost or the control (without any supplementation).","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"24 1","pages":"49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81337648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885804.1012
Ana Paula Maccari, J. C. Segat, M. Testa, Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche-Baretta, D. Baretta
Purpose The objective was to evaluate the effect of the application of composted and non-composted poultry litter, as fertilizer in agricultural areas, on the survival and reproduction of the springtails (Folsomia candida) through standardized ecotoxicological tests. Methods The treatments included in the application of composted and non-composted poultry litter on Entisol were in the following doses 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 t ha-1, for the lethality test, and 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30, 40, 60 t ha-1 for the reproduction test. Results For the composted litter, the LC50 value was 76.45 t ha-1 and for EC50, it was 17.96 t ha-1. For the non-composted poultry litter, the values of LC50 was 43.12t ha-1 and EC50 value was 19.36 t ha-1. Conclusion The highest toxicity was observed in the non-composted litter, emphasizing the importance of stabilization of the organic compound before its use as fertilizer.
目的通过标准化的生态毒理学试验，评价在农业地区施用堆肥和非堆肥禽畜粪便作为肥料对假丝虫(Folsomia candida)存活和繁殖的影响。方法在Entisol上施用堆肥和非堆肥禽窝，分别按0、10、20、40、60、80、100 t ha-1进行致死试验，按0、5、7.5、10、15、30、40、60 t ha-1进行繁殖试验。结果堆肥凋落物LC50值为76.45 t ha-1, EC50值为17.96 t ha-1。未堆肥家禽窝产中LC50为43.12t ha-1, EC50为19.36 t ha-1。结论未堆肥的凋落物毒性最高，强调有机肥在用作肥料前应进行稳定化处理。
{"title":"The effect of composted and non-composted poultry litter on survival and reproduction of Folsomia candida","authors":"Ana Paula Maccari, J. C. Segat, M. Testa, Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche-Baretta, D. Baretta","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885804.1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885804.1012","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The objective was to evaluate the effect of the application of composted and non-composted poultry litter, as fertilizer in agricultural areas, on the survival and reproduction of the springtails (Folsomia candida) through standardized ecotoxicological tests. Methods The treatments included in the application of composted and non-composted poultry litter on Entisol were in the following doses 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 t ha-1, for the lethality test, and 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30, 40, 60 t ha-1 for the reproduction test. Results For the composted litter, the LC50 value was 76.45 t ha-1 and for EC50, it was 17.96 t ha-1. For the non-composted poultry litter, the values of LC50 was 43.12t ha-1 and EC50 value was 19.36 t ha-1. Conclusion The highest toxicity was observed in the non-composted litter, emphasizing the importance of stabilization of the organic compound before its use as fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"6 1","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89683645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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