Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0156-0163
P. Samanta, Sandipan Pal, A. K. Mukherjee, T. Senapati, A. Ghosh
Three Indian freshwater teleostean fishes Anabas testudineus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Oreochromis niloticus were exposed to almix (66.67 mg/l) under laboratory condition for a period of 30 days to investigate the activity of transaminases (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), and phosphatase (alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) in the gill, intestine, heart and muscle tissues. ALT levels showed significant elevation (p H. fossilis > A. testudineus. Therefore, assessment of these metabolic enzymes in tissue systems is important for evaluation of the herbicidal contamination like almix on fish species.
在实验室条件下，将3种印度淡水硬骨鱼Anabas testudineus、Heteropneustes fossilis和Oreochromis niloticus分别暴露于浓度为66.67 mg/l的almix环境中30 d，研究其鳃、肠、心脏和肌肉组织中转氨酶(谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和磷酸酶(碱性磷酸酶(ALP))的活性。ALT水平显著升高(p H. fossil > A. testudineus)。因此，评价这些代谢酶在组织系统中的作用对评价白矾等除草剂对鱼类的污染具有重要意义。
{"title":"Effects of Almix Herbicide on Metabolic Enzymes in Different Tissues of Three Teleostean Fishes Anabas testudineus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"P. Samanta, Sandipan Pal, A. K. Mukherjee, T. Senapati, A. Ghosh","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0156-0163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0156-0163","url":null,"abstract":"Three Indian freshwater teleostean fishes Anabas testudineus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Oreochromis niloticus were exposed to almix (66.67 mg/l) under laboratory condition for a period of 30 days to investigate the activity of transaminases (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), and phosphatase (alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) in the gill, intestine, heart and muscle tissues. ALT levels showed significant elevation (p H. fossilis > A. testudineus. Therefore, assessment of these metabolic enzymes in tissue systems is important for evaluation of the herbicidal contamination like almix on fish species.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"372 1","pages":"156-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91139513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0164-0173
A. Sarsour, Aaeid Ayoub, Ihab Lubbad, A. Omran, I. Shahrour
The present study aims to provide information about the management, segregation, storage and disposal of medical wastes in public as well as private hospitals in Gaza Strip-Palestine. A cross sectional study was employed and simple random sampling technique were used to distribute a semi structured questionnaire among 164 health workers at two hospitals in Gaza Strip with 100 respondents from governmental hospital and 64 respondents from private hospital. The results disclosed that, healthcare facilities whether private and governmental hospitals still suffer from inappropriate biomedical wastes management which have not received sufficient concern according to 60% of participants who pointed out that hazardous and medical wastes are still handled and disposed together with domestic wastes and segregation was applied only for sharp waste which is collected in special sharp boxes at the beginning after usage. Furthermore, around 47% of respondents don't know where medical storage place is, and don't know if there is mark to show place of storage. Besides, 42% of respondents don't know if it's there mean for transferring medical waste, and 43% don't know its type or if it's available always. In the surveyed hospitals, there is deficiency in implementing training courses about healthcare waste management as 23% only of all study subjects had been provided with training on how to deal with medical waste. Therefore, the Ministry of Health and healthcare institutions should give more consideration towards policies for the proper management and disposal of health care wastes in order to develop medical waste management practices in Palestine.
{"title":"Assessment of Medical Waste Management within Selected Hospitals in Gaza Strip Palestine: A Pilot Study","authors":"A. Sarsour, Aaeid Ayoub, Ihab Lubbad, A. Omran, I. Shahrour","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0164-0173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0164-0173","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to provide information about the management, segregation, storage and disposal of medical wastes in public as well as private hospitals in Gaza Strip-Palestine. A cross sectional study was employed and simple random sampling technique were used to distribute a semi structured questionnaire among 164 health workers at two hospitals in Gaza Strip with 100 respondents from governmental hospital and 64 respondents from private hospital. The results disclosed that, healthcare facilities whether private and governmental hospitals still suffer from inappropriate biomedical wastes management which have not received sufficient concern according to 60% of participants who pointed out that hazardous and medical wastes are still handled and disposed together with domestic wastes and segregation was applied only for sharp waste which is collected in special sharp boxes at the beginning after usage. Furthermore, around 47% of respondents don't know where medical storage place is, and don't know if there is mark to show place of storage. Besides, 42% of respondents don't know if it's there mean for transferring medical waste, and 43% don't know its type or if it's available always. In the surveyed hospitals, there is deficiency in implementing training courses about healthcare waste management as 23% only of all study subjects had been provided with training on how to deal with medical waste. Therefore, the Ministry of Health and healthcare institutions should give more consideration towards policies for the proper management and disposal of health care wastes in order to develop medical waste management practices in Palestine.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"164-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90198208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0184-0191
A. Tasnuva, A. Reza, Towfiqul Islam, A. Azad
The study dealt with the concentration of air pollutants emitted from Kushtia sugar mills in Jagati region of Bangladesh in order to evaluate their impact on human health. The dispersion of air pollutants from sugar mill's chimney was obtained through point source Gaussian dispersion model. The air pollutants were monitored during winter season in 2011- 2012. A questionnaire survey was randomly carried out in a small scale at the study area. The result showed that the maximum concentration of SO2, NOx and PM10 were 28.837 µg/m 3 , 76.177 µg/m 3 and 380.339 µg/m 3 respectively. The particulate matter (PM10) concentration was found to be very high whereas sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations were low at the study area. The calculated value of air pollution index (API) was 88.18 which indicate that heavy air pollution can predispose individuals to heart and lung disease in the study area people. This study revealed that the concentration of particulate matter found in Kushtia sugar mill had exceeded the minimum level according to the WHO standards. The high concentration of PM10 is suggested to affect human health and environmental conditions in the study area.
{"title":"Impact of Air Pollutant on Human Health in Kushtia Sugar Mill, Bangladesh","authors":"A. Tasnuva, A. Reza, Towfiqul Islam, A. Azad","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0184-0191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0184-0191","url":null,"abstract":"The study dealt with the concentration of air pollutants emitted from Kushtia sugar mills in Jagati region of Bangladesh in order to evaluate their impact on human health. The dispersion of air pollutants from sugar mill's chimney was obtained through point source Gaussian dispersion model. The air pollutants were monitored during winter season in 2011- 2012. A questionnaire survey was randomly carried out in a small scale at the study area. The result showed that the maximum concentration of SO2, NOx and PM10 were 28.837 µg/m 3 , 76.177 µg/m 3 and 380.339 µg/m 3 respectively. The particulate matter (PM10) concentration was found to be very high whereas sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations were low at the study area. The calculated value of air pollution index (API) was 88.18 which indicate that heavy air pollution can predispose individuals to heart and lung disease in the study area people. This study revealed that the concentration of particulate matter found in Kushtia sugar mill had exceeded the minimum level according to the WHO standards. The high concentration of PM10 is suggested to affect human health and environmental conditions in the study area.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"184-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88101953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0120-0138
Ramesh Chandra Pantola, A. Alam
Phytoremediation technology is using plants to clean up contaminated sites is a promising loom to restore the environment and ecosystem. Pollution of the environment with toxic organic and heavy metal pollutants is one of major problem facing developed and developing nations today. Heavy metals restrain biodegradation of chlorinated organics by interacting with enzymes directly concerned in biodegradation or those involved in common metabolism. Prophecy of heavy metal toxicity effects on organic pollutant biodegradation in co-contaminated soil is tricky since heavy metals may be present in a variety of chemical and physical forms. Even if much remains to be studied, phytoremediation will clearly play some role in the stabilization and remediation of many contaminated sites. The main factor driving the execution of phytoremediation projects are low costs with considerable improvements in site aesthetics and the potential for ecosystem restoration. In this review, the potential and various aspects of few Brassicaceae (Mustard family) members in phytoremediation have been discussed due to their well known natural tolerant against various environmental stresses including heavy metals.
{"title":"Potential of Brassicaceae Burnett (Mustard family; Angiosperms) in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals","authors":"Ramesh Chandra Pantola, A. Alam","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0120-0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0120-0138","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoremediation technology is using plants to clean up contaminated sites is a promising loom to restore the environment and ecosystem. Pollution of the environment with toxic organic and heavy metal pollutants is one of major problem facing developed and developing nations today. Heavy metals restrain biodegradation of chlorinated organics by interacting with enzymes directly concerned in biodegradation or those involved in common metabolism. Prophecy of heavy metal toxicity effects on organic pollutant biodegradation in co-contaminated soil is tricky since heavy metals may be present in a variety of chemical and physical forms. Even if much remains to be studied, phytoremediation will clearly play some role in the stabilization and remediation of many contaminated sites. The main factor driving the execution of phytoremediation projects are low costs with considerable improvements in site aesthetics and the potential for ecosystem restoration. In this review, the potential and various aspects of few Brassicaceae (Mustard family) members in phytoremediation have been discussed due to their well known natural tolerant against various environmental stresses including heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"120-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72832793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0113-0119
M. Sarwar, M. Hamed, M. Yousaf, M. Hussain
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are amongst the world's worst pests of fruits that cause enormous losses in orchards. Due to their economic importance, fruit flies are severe pests of Mango Mangifera indica L. fruit, and their monitoring and infestation estimation are essential in order to formulate integrated pest management program. For practical field implementation, two variables such as flies per trap per weak were monitored by installation of Steiner traps hung on tree baited with Methyl eugenol attractant and percent fruit infestation through fruit host samplings. Surveillance for flies per trap was done each week by counting trap catches, recording and removing any flies that have been collected in traps and identifying the species. The percentage of fly infestation for mango fruit was examined by randomly analyzing a total of 100 fruits and observing number of fruits showing fruit fly oviposition or injury marks. The results showed that tephritid fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) was the predominant species (more frequent and constant) at experimental site. Surveillance of fruit fly populations in mango orchard revealed that peak population of B. zonata (40-30 per trap per week) and fruit infestation (9.05-7.45%) were recorded in June, July and August. The availability of host fruit and its productivity were critical factors affecting population fluctuations of the B. zonata fly. All of this information gives fruit fly activity in an area, an estimate of the population, species composition, sex, growth stage and determining whether the number of pests are increasing or decreasing to decide implementation of pest control operation. Mango (Mangifera indica L.), is one of the most versatile and delicious tropical fruits, and having an outstanding flavor with a range of varieties as a member of the family Anacardiaceae. Mango has a good nutritional value and there is great variation in the form, size, color and quality of the fruits. Mango is an excellent source of vitamin A and C, as well as a good source of potassium, beta-carotene and fiber. Normally, it is produced for human consumption as raw or ripe mango products. During the processing of ripe mango, its peel and seed are generated as waste, which is approximately 40-50% of the total fruit weight. Mango peel is a good source of dietary fiber and its chemical composition may be comparable to that of citrus fiber. The peel has a high value of antioxidant activity and glucose retardation index, while its aroma and flavor are pleasant (Larrauri et al., 1999). Mango canning by-products (seed and peel) together with ensiled mango peel were subjected to
{"title":"Surveillance on Population Dynamics and Fruits Infestation of Tephritid Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Orchards of Faisalabad, Pakistan","authors":"M. Sarwar, M. Hamed, M. Yousaf, M. Hussain","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0113-0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0113-0119","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are amongst the world's worst pests of fruits that cause enormous losses in orchards. Due to their economic importance, fruit flies are severe pests of Mango Mangifera indica L. fruit, and their monitoring and infestation estimation are essential in order to formulate integrated pest management program. For practical field implementation, two variables such as flies per trap per weak were monitored by installation of Steiner traps hung on tree baited with Methyl eugenol attractant and percent fruit infestation through fruit host samplings. Surveillance for flies per trap was done each week by counting trap catches, recording and removing any flies that have been collected in traps and identifying the species. The percentage of fly infestation for mango fruit was examined by randomly analyzing a total of 100 fruits and observing number of fruits showing fruit fly oviposition or injury marks. The results showed that tephritid fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) was the predominant species (more frequent and constant) at experimental site. Surveillance of fruit fly populations in mango orchard revealed that peak population of B. zonata (40-30 per trap per week) and fruit infestation (9.05-7.45%) were recorded in June, July and August. The availability of host fruit and its productivity were critical factors affecting population fluctuations of the B. zonata fly. All of this information gives fruit fly activity in an area, an estimate of the population, species composition, sex, growth stage and determining whether the number of pests are increasing or decreasing to decide implementation of pest control operation. Mango (Mangifera indica L.), is one of the most versatile and delicious tropical fruits, and having an outstanding flavor with a range of varieties as a member of the family Anacardiaceae. Mango has a good nutritional value and there is great variation in the form, size, color and quality of the fruits. Mango is an excellent source of vitamin A and C, as well as a good source of potassium, beta-carotene and fiber. Normally, it is produced for human consumption as raw or ripe mango products. During the processing of ripe mango, its peel and seed are generated as waste, which is approximately 40-50% of the total fruit weight. Mango peel is a good source of dietary fiber and its chemical composition may be comparable to that of citrus fiber. The peel has a high value of antioxidant activity and glucose retardation index, while its aroma and flavor are pleasant (Larrauri et al., 1999). Mango canning by-products (seed and peel) together with ensiled mango peel were subjected to","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"179 1","pages":"113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83407956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0139-0149
H. O. Tuffour, M. Bonsu, A. A. Khalid
The most essential effect of grazing is soil compaction due to animal traffic. The study was conducted to investigate the role of cattle grazing in soil degradation resulting from compaction using infiltration parameters at the Beef and Dairy Cattle Research Station of the Department of Animal Science of the Faculty of Agriculture, KNUST. Two fields, ungrazed and grazed (with a stocking rate of 120 cattle for three weeks) were used for the study. Physical properties such as soil texture, moisture content, bulk density, total porosity and aeration were determined. Field infiltration studies from which sorptivity (S) and steady state infiltrability (Ko) were determined were conducted with a double ring infiltrometer for one hour to determine the cumulative infiltration amount (I). The time-to-incipient ponding or runoff initiation time (tp) was calculated from the S and Ko values. Mean values of I were 1490 mm and 500 mm; S 2.72 mm/s 1/2 and 1.030 mm/s 1/2 ; Ko, 0.060 mm/s and 0.0080 mm/s for the ungrazed and grazed fields, respectively. The tp at a rainfall rate of 5 mm/h was recorded as 79.00 s on the grazed field and 419.00 s for the ungrazed field. It was observed that rainfall rates in excess of 10 mm/h would cause instantaneous ponding and/or runoff on both fields. Grazing by cattle was, thus, established to be deleterious to soil structure and infiltration due to soil compaction. Overall, infiltration parameters were found to be very useful tools for the evaluation of soil degradation due to compaction.
放牧最重要的影响是由于动物的交通造成的土壤压实。本研究在国立农业大学农学院动物科学系肉牛与奶牛研究站，利用入渗参数，探讨放牧对土壤压实退化的影响。研究使用了未放牧和放牧的两块田地(放养率为120头牛，持续3周)。测定了土壤的物理性质，如质地、含水量、容重、总孔隙度和通气性。利用双环渗透计进行了现场入渗研究，测定了1小时的吸附率(S)和稳态渗透性(Ko)，以确定累积入渗量(I)。根据S和Ko值计算了初始积水时间或径流启动时间(tp)。I的平均值为1490 mm和500 mm;S 2.72 mm/ S 1/2和1.030 mm/ S 1/2;Ko为0.060 mm/s，放牧地为0.0080 mm/s。在降雨速率为5 mm/h时，放牧地的tp为79.00 s，未放牧地的tp为419.00 s。据观察，如果降雨量超过每小时10毫米，就会在这两块土地上造成瞬时积水和/或径流。因此，由于土壤压实，牛放牧对土壤结构和渗透是有害的。总的来说，入渗参数被认为是评估土壤因压实而退化的非常有用的工具。
{"title":"Assessment of Soil Degradation Due to Compaction Resulting From Cattle Grazing Using Infiltration Parameters","authors":"H. O. Tuffour, M. Bonsu, A. A. Khalid","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0139-0149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0139-0149","url":null,"abstract":"The most essential effect of grazing is soil compaction due to animal traffic. The study was conducted to investigate the role of cattle grazing in soil degradation resulting from compaction using infiltration parameters at the Beef and Dairy Cattle Research Station of the Department of Animal Science of the Faculty of Agriculture, KNUST. Two fields, ungrazed and grazed (with a stocking rate of 120 cattle for three weeks) were used for the study. Physical properties such as soil texture, moisture content, bulk density, total porosity and aeration were determined. Field infiltration studies from which sorptivity (S) and steady state infiltrability (Ko) were determined were conducted with a double ring infiltrometer for one hour to determine the cumulative infiltration amount (I). The time-to-incipient ponding or runoff initiation time (tp) was calculated from the S and Ko values. Mean values of I were 1490 mm and 500 mm; S 2.72 mm/s 1/2 and 1.030 mm/s 1/2 ; Ko, 0.060 mm/s and 0.0080 mm/s for the ungrazed and grazed fields, respectively. The tp at a rainfall rate of 5 mm/h was recorded as 79.00 s on the grazed field and 419.00 s for the ungrazed field. It was observed that rainfall rates in excess of 10 mm/h would cause instantaneous ponding and/or runoff on both fields. Grazing by cattle was, thus, established to be deleterious to soil structure and infiltration due to soil compaction. Overall, infiltration parameters were found to be very useful tools for the evaluation of soil degradation due to compaction.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"139-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84893852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0150-0155
Elham Ghasemifar, S. Saeidian
The color of anthocyanins is unstable and quickly decolourized by reactions. Thus anthocyanins in living cells may have mechanisms for resistance to maintain color stability. Copigmentation is the main color – stabilizing mechanism. In this study copigmentation of anthocyanin in Seedless Red grape were investigated with catechin copigment. The dependence of the copigmentation process on the heating, UV and copigment concentration was studied. Five levels of copigment concentrations as: 0, 120, 240, 480, 960 (mg/l) were examined. The copigmentation effects increased with copigment contain. During UV irradiation, anthocyanin-copigmentation complex showed higher stability in comparison with anthocyanins. Also UV irradiation has the biggest effect on the copigmentation complex in comparision with heating. Keyword: Anthocyanin, Catechin, Copigment, Heating, Seedless Red
{"title":"The Effects Catechin on Stability of Grape Anthocyanin – Copigment Complex","authors":"Elham Ghasemifar, S. Saeidian","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0150-0155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0150-0155","url":null,"abstract":"The color of anthocyanins is unstable and quickly decolourized by reactions. Thus anthocyanins in living cells may have mechanisms for resistance to maintain color stability. Copigmentation is the main color – stabilizing mechanism. In this study copigmentation of anthocyanin in Seedless Red grape were investigated with catechin copigment. The dependence of the copigmentation process on the heating, UV and copigment concentration was studied. Five levels of copigment concentrations as: 0, 120, 240, 480, 960 (mg/l) were examined. The copigmentation effects increased with copigment contain. During UV irradiation, anthocyanin-copigmentation complex showed higher stability in comparison with anthocyanins. Also UV irradiation has the biggest effect on the copigmentation complex in comparision with heating. Keyword: Anthocyanin, Catechin, Copigment, Heating, Seedless Red","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"17 2 1","pages":"150-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82934059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0107-0112
N. Kin, H. A. Aziz, A. Mojiri
The characterization of landfill leachate has been well established. However, its biodegradation properties have not been well reported. Therefore, this research was undertaken to investigate the biodegradability of semi-aerobic sanitary landfill and the ratio of the biological oxygen demand (BOD) to chemical oxygen demand (COD) BOD5/COD, COD fraction on leachate from Pulau Burung landfill Site (PBLS). These parameters are important as they may provide appropriate and suitable treatment for this kind of leachate. In this research, leachate from two different ponds were studied i.e., the raw leachate from leachate collection pond and the leachate effluents of the treatment plant'. Five different measurement points were tested for each pond to understand the characterization for leachate. The soluble and particulate organic compound was separated by filtration using a 0.45μm pore size membrane filter. The results indicated that leachate in PBLS has low BOD5/COD ratio. The total COD (TCOD) ranged from 2040mg/L to 3160mg/L. The Biodegradable COD (BCOD), unbiodegradable COD (UBOD), soluble biodegradable (RBCOD), particlulate biodegradable (SBCOD), particulate inert (UPCOD), and soluble inert (USCOD) ranged from 53%-67%, 33%-47%, 38%-46%, 9%-25%, 12%-26%, and 18%-25%. This indicates, the leachate in Pulau Burung Landfill Site have different of COD fraction behavior compare with domestic wastewater. In which, leachate have low SBCOD, but relatively high in others COD fraction compare with domestic wastewater.
{"title":"Initial Characterization of Semi-aerobic Landfill Leachate Based On Its Biodegradation","authors":"N. Kin, H. A. Aziz, A. Mojiri","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0107-0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0107-0112","url":null,"abstract":"The characterization of landfill leachate has been well established. However, its biodegradation properties have not been well reported. Therefore, this research was undertaken to investigate the biodegradability of semi-aerobic sanitary landfill and the ratio of the biological oxygen demand (BOD) to chemical oxygen demand (COD) BOD5/COD, COD fraction on leachate from Pulau Burung landfill Site (PBLS). These parameters are important as they may provide appropriate and suitable treatment for this kind of leachate. In this research, leachate from two different ponds were studied i.e., the raw leachate from leachate collection pond and the leachate effluents of the treatment plant'. Five different measurement points were tested for each pond to understand the characterization for leachate. The soluble and particulate organic compound was separated by filtration using a 0.45μm pore size membrane filter. The results indicated that leachate in PBLS has low BOD5/COD ratio. The total COD (TCOD) ranged from 2040mg/L to 3160mg/L. The Biodegradable COD (BCOD), unbiodegradable COD (UBOD), soluble biodegradable (RBCOD), particlulate biodegradable (SBCOD), particulate inert (UPCOD), and soluble inert (USCOD) ranged from 53%-67%, 33%-47%, 38%-46%, 9%-25%, 12%-26%, and 18%-25%. This indicates, the leachate in Pulau Burung Landfill Site have different of COD fraction behavior compare with domestic wastewater. In which, leachate have low SBCOD, but relatively high in others COD fraction compare with domestic wastewater.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"107-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84662927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0085-0093
S. Gavanji, Behrouz Larki, F. Mortazaeinezhad
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a kind of disease related to immune system caused by HIV virus. Up to now many medicinal compositions have been using for treatment of this disease both in In vivo and In vitro conditions. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) is one of the most important compositions in honey bee propolis. The composition possesses anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. In this study we tried to predict bioinformatic interaction between CAPE and GP120. Molegro virtual docker (MVD) is used. The results obtained from docking showed us that the best pose which is derived from MolDock score for GP120 was -89.9759 with reranking score equal to -61. 1094. Bioinformatic studies show that Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester has interaction with Envelope glycoprotein GP120.
{"title":"Bioinformatic Prediction of Interaction between Flavonoids of Propolis of Honey Bee and Envelope Glycoprotein GP120","authors":"S. Gavanji, Behrouz Larki, F. Mortazaeinezhad","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0085-0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0085-0093","url":null,"abstract":"Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a kind of disease related to immune system caused by HIV virus. Up to now many medicinal compositions have been using for treatment of this disease both in In vivo and In vitro conditions. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) is one of the most important compositions in honey bee propolis. The composition possesses anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. In this study we tried to predict bioinformatic interaction between CAPE and GP120. Molegro virtual docker (MVD) is used. The results obtained from docking showed us that the best pose which is derived from MolDock score for GP120 was -89.9759 with reranking score equal to -61. 1094. Bioinformatic studies show that Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester has interaction with Envelope glycoprotein GP120.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"86 1","pages":"85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74800505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0074-0084
M. Rakib, M. Rahman, Most. Shamema Akter, Mohammod Ali, M. E. Huda, M. Bhuiyan
This study was performed to understand solid waste generation rate and its consecutive management approach using qualitative technique in the Rangpur city corporation area of Bangladesh. The city corporation area of Rangpur is 203.19 km 2 with population around 1 million. The solid waste generation rate is gradually increased owing to population growth. From this study it was found that solid waste generation rate is around 23.94 ton d -1 in the city corporation area. A number of social components like income level, education and age limit showed significant positive correlation with waste segregation and recycling behavior. The informal collectors and recyclers directly endorsed to nation"s welfare through waste cleaning along with their waste dependent livelihood strengthen. Unregulated waste generation was negatively impacted on environmental and human health. It was found to be serious problem for public health issues due to lack of poor legislation, improper management and developmental theme. Results also showed a thematic future trend of hazards where it may implies on environmental disaster. Keyword: Solid Waste, Waste Collectors, Informal Recycling, Perceptional attitude, Environmental Health.
{"title":"An Emerging City: Solid Waste Generation and Recycling Approach","authors":"M. Rakib, M. Rahman, Most. Shamema Akter, Mohammod Ali, M. E. Huda, M. Bhuiyan","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0074-0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0074-0084","url":null,"abstract":"This study was performed to understand solid waste generation rate and its consecutive management approach using qualitative technique in the Rangpur city corporation area of Bangladesh. The city corporation area of Rangpur is 203.19 km 2 with population around 1 million. The solid waste generation rate is gradually increased owing to population growth. From this study it was found that solid waste generation rate is around 23.94 ton d -1 in the city corporation area. A number of social components like income level, education and age limit showed significant positive correlation with waste segregation and recycling behavior. The informal collectors and recyclers directly endorsed to nation\"s welfare through waste cleaning along with their waste dependent livelihood strengthen. Unregulated waste generation was negatively impacted on environmental and human health. It was found to be serious problem for public health issues due to lack of poor legislation, improper management and developmental theme. Results also showed a thematic future trend of hazards where it may implies on environmental disaster. Keyword: Solid Waste, Waste Collectors, Informal Recycling, Perceptional attitude, Environmental Health.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"74-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87257381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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