Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0289-0300
K. Chandra
In the present study, percent AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi) colonization and spore density in different overburden vegetations and in natural forest was evaluated to study the pattern of recovery of vegetation at overburdens. Total eight forest species were planted on coal mine overburdens aged 2, 3 and 5 years located in nearby areas of Korba, India. Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo), Peltaphorum (Peltaphorum ferrugineum) and Bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) were best in harboring highest number of AMF. The mean root colonization in tree species was increased 61.98% in 3 years and 110.23% in 5 years compared with the species of 2 year. The dominant AMF were Acaulospora scrobiculata and Rhizophagus irregularis in 2 year overburdens and Funneliformis mosseae, Gigaspora and Sclerocystis in older overburdens and forest soil. The diversity index of AMF was found 1.80, 2.14 and 2.49 in 2, 3 and 5 year overburdens respectively while the diversity index of other soil fungi was found 1.61 in 2 years, 1.73 in 3 year and 2.10 in 5 year aged of overburdens compared to natural forest (2.21). Total 11, 25 and 29 ground species were recorded from 2, 3, 5 year overburden respectively and 25 species from the site of natural forest. The root colonization in ground vegetation was found 28.03%, 31.86% and 39.43% in 2, 3 and 5 year old re-vegetated overburden respectively in comparison to natural forest (29.08%). The status of soil pH and phosphorus was also ameliorated in older dumps.
{"title":"Floristic And Microbial Diversity In Different Coal Mine Overburdens And Adjacent Natural Forest Of Chhattisgarh, India","authors":"K. Chandra","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0289-0300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0289-0300","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, percent AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi) colonization and spore density in different overburden vegetations and in natural forest was evaluated to study the pattern of recovery of vegetation at overburdens. Total eight forest species were planted on coal mine overburdens aged 2, 3 and 5 years located in nearby areas of Korba, India. Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo), Peltaphorum (Peltaphorum ferrugineum) and Bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) were best in harboring highest number of AMF. The mean root colonization in tree species was increased 61.98% in 3 years and 110.23% in 5 years compared with the species of 2 year. The dominant AMF were Acaulospora scrobiculata and Rhizophagus irregularis in 2 year overburdens and Funneliformis mosseae, Gigaspora and Sclerocystis in older overburdens and forest soil. The diversity index of AMF was found 1.80, 2.14 and 2.49 in 2, 3 and 5 year overburdens respectively while the diversity index of other soil fungi was found 1.61 in 2 years, 1.73 in 3 year and 2.10 in 5 year aged of overburdens compared to natural forest (2.21). Total 11, 25 and 29 ground species were recorded from 2, 3, 5 year overburden respectively and 25 species from the site of natural forest. The root colonization in ground vegetation was found 28.03%, 31.86% and 39.43% in 2, 3 and 5 year old re-vegetated overburden respectively in comparison to natural forest (29.08%). The status of soil pH and phosphorus was also ameliorated in older dumps.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"109 1","pages":"289-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84143960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0301-0307
M. Bashir, Chan C. Cheong, Ng Choon Aun, Salem S. Abu Amr
This study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste available in bulky quantity in Malaysia, to remove basic dye (e.g., methylene blue) from aqueous solution by adsorption. Batch mode experiments were carried out to study the effects of shaking speed, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and pH. Furthermore, equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics were investigated. In the optimum operation condition, about 96.9 and 95.5 removal percentage of colour was obtained at 200 rpm shaking speed, 6 hr contact time and 0.2 g AC dosage. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, and Freundlich models of adsorption. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted well to Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic data has been analyzed using a pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order equation and intraparticle diffusion equation. The experimental data fitted very well the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R 2 > 0.99. Consequently, the adsorption of MB onto the AC driven from sugarcane bagasse has a great potential to be used textile waste water treatment.
本研究是为了检验甘蔗渣的有效性，甘蔗渣是马来西亚大量可用的一种农业废弃物，通过吸附从水溶液中去除碱性染料(如亚甲基蓝)。通过间歇式实验研究了摇速、接触时间、吸附剂投加量和ph对吸附性能的影响，并对平衡吸附等温线和动力学进行了研究。在最佳操作条件下，在200 rpm转速、6 h接触时间、0.2 g AC投加量的条件下，去色率分别为96.9和95.5。采用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型对实验数据进行了分析。吸附等温线与Langmuir等温线拟合较好。采用拟一阶、拟二阶方程和粒子内扩散方程对动力学数据进行了分析。实验数据与拟二阶动力学模型拟合较好，r2 > 0.99。因此，蔗渣驱动的活性炭吸附MB在纺织废水处理中具有很大的应用潜力。
{"title":"Equilibrium Modeling and Kinetic Studies on the Adsorption of Basic Dye by A low-Cost Adsorbent: Sugarcane Bagasse","authors":"M. Bashir, Chan C. Cheong, Ng Choon Aun, Salem S. Abu Amr","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0301-0307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0301-0307","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste available in bulky quantity in Malaysia, to remove basic dye (e.g., methylene blue) from aqueous solution by adsorption. Batch mode experiments were carried out to study the effects of shaking speed, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and pH. Furthermore, equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics were investigated. In the optimum operation condition, about 96.9 and 95.5 removal percentage of colour was obtained at 200 rpm shaking speed, 6 hr contact time and 0.2 g AC dosage. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, and Freundlich models of adsorption. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted well to Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic data has been analyzed using a pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order equation and intraparticle diffusion equation. The experimental data fitted very well the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R 2 > 0.99. Consequently, the adsorption of MB onto the AC driven from sugarcane bagasse has a great potential to be used textile waste water treatment.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":"301-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76864141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0233-0243
Rahul Kumar, B. Gupta, H. Gupta, M. Rani
{"title":"Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Urban Aquatic Systems","authors":"Rahul Kumar, B. Gupta, H. Gupta, M. Rani","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0233-0243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0233-0243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"436 1","pages":"233-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76652304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0250-0260
U. Arinze, F. Sikoki, S. Nzeako
One hundred Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus were randomly selected from the New Calabar River to determine the effect of size and sex on the endoparasitaemia in the blood, heart, liver, kidney and Gastro-intestinal tract. The formol-ether concentration method was used to examine the samples. Data revealed an overall parasitaemia of 18 (18.0%). The size classes 301-400mm, 201-300mm and >169-200mm had 5(55.6%), 12(15.2%) and 1(11.1%) respectively while the size class 0.05), however the females had 11(20.4%) and the males had 7(15.2%) of their respective populations. Site specific endoparasitaemia showed that the gastro-intestinal tract harboured the highest (38.9%) parasitic load, while the kidney had the lowest (5.6%). The heart had (33.3%) and the blood and liver had (11.1%) parasitic load each. Fourteen (14) parasite species from 5 phyla were recovered from the fish samples namely: Protozoa - Coccidia sp. and Thelohanellus piriformis; Platyhelminth - Ascocotyle ceolostoma, Sanguinicola inermis, Sanguinicola armata, Atalostropion sp., Silurotaenia siluri, Tetrochetus coryphaenae, Biacetabulum appendiculatum and Tetraonchus monenteron; Nematoda - Strongyloides sp.; Acanthocephala - Acanthocephalus lucii and Neoechinorhynchus rutili; and Crustacea - Alebion elegans. Endoparasitaemia in the sampled population was influenced by the physico-chemical properties of the water body which is greatly affected by the intrusion of salt into the river due to its tidal conditions. However, the relatively high endoparasitaemia in the gastro-intestinal tract was associated with the nutrient rich ambience of the intestine which may allow easy establishment and multiplication of parasites.
{"title":"Endoparasitaemia of Chrysichthys Nigrodigitatus in a Tidal Freshwater Body in the Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"U. Arinze, F. Sikoki, S. Nzeako","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0250-0260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0250-0260","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus were randomly selected from the New Calabar River to determine the effect of size and sex on the endoparasitaemia in the blood, heart, liver, kidney and Gastro-intestinal tract. The formol-ether concentration method was used to examine the samples. Data revealed an overall parasitaemia of 18 (18.0%). The size classes 301-400mm, 201-300mm and >169-200mm had 5(55.6%), 12(15.2%) and 1(11.1%) respectively while the size class 0.05), however the females had 11(20.4%) and the males had 7(15.2%) of their respective populations. Site specific endoparasitaemia showed that the gastro-intestinal tract harboured the highest (38.9%) parasitic load, while the kidney had the lowest (5.6%). The heart had (33.3%) and the blood and liver had (11.1%) parasitic load each. Fourteen (14) parasite species from 5 phyla were recovered from the fish samples namely: Protozoa - Coccidia sp. and Thelohanellus piriformis; Platyhelminth - Ascocotyle ceolostoma, Sanguinicola inermis, Sanguinicola armata, Atalostropion sp., Silurotaenia siluri, Tetrochetus coryphaenae, Biacetabulum appendiculatum and Tetraonchus monenteron; Nematoda - Strongyloides sp.; Acanthocephala - Acanthocephalus lucii and Neoechinorhynchus rutili; and Crustacea - Alebion elegans. Endoparasitaemia in the sampled population was influenced by the physico-chemical properties of the water body which is greatly affected by the intrusion of salt into the river due to its tidal conditions. However, the relatively high endoparasitaemia in the gastro-intestinal tract was associated with the nutrient rich ambience of the intestine which may allow easy establishment and multiplication of parasites.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"35 2 1","pages":"250-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89627949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0244-0249
U. Okorafor, S. Nzeako, Moor Plantation
The haemoparasitemia of cattle slaughtered in three abattoirs in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria were determined between the months of March and May, 2013. Blood samples were obtained from 180 apparently healthy cattle from three abattoirs (Bodija, Akinyele and Olorunsogo), using standard field and laboratory techniques. An overall parasitemia of 6.67% accounting for 12 positive cattle out of 180 cattle examined was recorded. Abattoir-specific prevalence indicated 3.33%, 2.22% and 1.11% for Bodija, Akinyele and Olorunsogo abattoirs respectively. The three species of parasites identified showed prevalences of 3.81%, 2.22% and 0.56% for Trypanosoma brucei, Babesia bigemina and Theileria parva respectively. Sex- related parasitemia revealed that females had higher prevalence 8(4.44%) than males 4(2.22%) which was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Breed-specific prevalence showed 2.78%, 2.22% and 1.67% for Sokoto Gudali, Red Bororo and White Fulani respectively, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). This study provides information on the haemoparasitism status of cattle that arrive for slaughter in Ibadan metropolis and calls for more control/preventive measures to eradicate haemoparasites to enhance more wholesome beef for the general populace.
{"title":"Prevalence of Haemoparasites of Cattle from Three Abattoirs in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"U. Okorafor, S. Nzeako, Moor Plantation","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0244-0249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0244-0249","url":null,"abstract":"The haemoparasitemia of cattle slaughtered in three abattoirs in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria were determined between the months of March and May, 2013. Blood samples were obtained from 180 apparently healthy cattle from three abattoirs (Bodija, Akinyele and Olorunsogo), using standard field and laboratory techniques. An overall parasitemia of 6.67% accounting for 12 positive cattle out of 180 cattle examined was recorded. Abattoir-specific prevalence indicated 3.33%, 2.22% and 1.11% for Bodija, Akinyele and Olorunsogo abattoirs respectively. The three species of parasites identified showed prevalences of 3.81%, 2.22% and 0.56% for Trypanosoma brucei, Babesia bigemina and Theileria parva respectively. Sex- related parasitemia revealed that females had higher prevalence 8(4.44%) than males 4(2.22%) which was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Breed-specific prevalence showed 2.78%, 2.22% and 1.67% for Sokoto Gudali, Red Bororo and White Fulani respectively, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). This study provides information on the haemoparasitism status of cattle that arrive for slaughter in Ibadan metropolis and calls for more control/preventive measures to eradicate haemoparasites to enhance more wholesome beef for the general populace.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"244-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85184031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0228-0232
Emi Ehf, A. Nerkararyan, M. Mikaelyan, M. Shahinyan, P. O. Vardevanyan, A. Manoogian
The change of electrokinetic potential (-potential) value of erythrocytes in rat blood has been studied under the influence of electromagnetic irradiation with 41.8 GHz and 42.2 GHz frequencies. It was shown that this physical field with the mentioned frequencies effects on the organisms compared to non-irradiated control ones. Moreover the multiple effect results in more obvious changes of erythrocyte -potential value which indicates that cumulative effect of the factor is observed. It was also shown that the processes start acting in organism directing to weakening of external factor effect.
{"title":"Change of Electrokinetic Potential Value of Rat Blood Erythrocytes Irradiated by EMI EHF","authors":"Emi Ehf, A. Nerkararyan, M. Mikaelyan, M. Shahinyan, P. O. Vardevanyan, A. Manoogian","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0228-0232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0228-0232","url":null,"abstract":"The change of electrokinetic potential (-potential) value of erythrocytes in rat blood has been studied under the influence of electromagnetic irradiation with 41.8 GHz and 42.2 GHz frequencies. It was shown that this physical field with the mentioned frequencies effects on the organisms compared to non-irradiated control ones. Moreover the multiple effect results in more obvious changes of erythrocyte -potential value which indicates that cumulative effect of the factor is observed. It was also shown that the processes start acting in organism directing to weakening of external factor effect.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"228-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83070029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0192-0198
R. Singh
Synthetic pesticides are an important group of aquatic pollutants affecting health of fishes. This study is an attempt to assess the sub lethal effects of dimethoate, an organophosphate insecticide on gill morphology, ventilation rate, oxygen consumption and electrolyte levels of common carp (C. carpio). Healthy juvenile fishes were exposed to a sub lethal concentration of 0.96 mg/l (60% of 96 h LC50) of dimethoate; and at 24, 48 and 96 h exposure blood and gill tissues were collected, oxygen consumption and ventilation rate was determined. The changes in the gills of exposed fish were characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, lifting and degeneration of respiratory epithelium, lamellar bending and curling, fusion and disintegration of secondary gill lamellae. The degree of damage showed direct correlation with the duration of exposure. The electrolyte levels also fluctuated, levels of calcium decreased and phosphate levels increased during the exposure. Oxygen consumption and ventilation rate showed significant decrease at all exposure durations. The study demonstrates high sensitivity of fish gills to dimethoate, at short term and sub lethal exposure.
合成农药是影响鱼类健康的一类重要水生污染物。本研究旨在评估有机磷杀虫剂乐果对鲤鱼鳃形态、通气率、耗氧量和电解质水平的亚致死效应。健康幼鱼暴露于亚致死浓度0.96 mg/l (96 h LC50的60%)的乐果;暴露24、48、96 h采集血和鳃组织，测定耗氧量和通气量。暴露鱼鳃的变化表现为上皮增生、呼吸上皮抬升和退变、鳃片弯曲卷曲、次级鳃片融合和解体。损伤程度与暴露时间直接相关。电解质水平也在波动，钙水平下降，磷酸盐水平上升。各暴露时间耗氧量和通气量均显著降低。该研究表明，在短期和亚致死暴露下，鱼鳃对乐果的敏感性很高。
{"title":"Effects of Dimethoate (EC 30%) on Gill Morphology, Oxygen Consumption and Serum Electrolyte Levels of Common Carp, Cyprinus Carpio (Linn)","authors":"R. Singh","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0192-0198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0192-0198","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic pesticides are an important group of aquatic pollutants affecting health of fishes. This study is an attempt to assess the sub lethal effects of dimethoate, an organophosphate insecticide on gill morphology, ventilation rate, oxygen consumption and electrolyte levels of common carp (C. carpio). Healthy juvenile fishes were exposed to a sub lethal concentration of 0.96 mg/l (60% of 96 h LC50) of dimethoate; and at 24, 48 and 96 h exposure blood and gill tissues were collected, oxygen consumption and ventilation rate was determined. The changes in the gills of exposed fish were characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, lifting and degeneration of respiratory epithelium, lamellar bending and curling, fusion and disintegration of secondary gill lamellae. The degree of damage showed direct correlation with the duration of exposure. The electrolyte levels also fluctuated, levels of calcium decreased and phosphate levels increased during the exposure. Oxygen consumption and ventilation rate showed significant decrease at all exposure durations. The study demonstrates high sensitivity of fish gills to dimethoate, at short term and sub lethal exposure.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"192-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86924998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0220-0227
Edith Sebata, B. Nyamunda, N. P. Zinyama, Upenyu Guyo, M. Moyo
A new coagulant (ash sludge) has been developed from a mixture of mining solid wastes (coal fly ash and iron sludge). The chemical composition of the coal fly ash and iron sludge was characterised by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The effectiveness of the coagulant was tested on the removal of aqueous natural organic matter and its improvement on total hardness, conductivity and turbidity of water under different pH and adsorbent dosages. The coagulant contains a high composition of Al 3+ and Fe 3+ ions. Ash sludge uses a lower optimum dosage (40 mgL -1 ) compared to the conventional coagulant, alum (55 mgL -1 ). At optimum pH 8, ash sludge removed 80.2% of the aqueous natural organic matter while alum removed 70.9%. Under optimised pH and coagulant dosage, alum coagulated water showed a higher total hardness (166 mgL - 1 ) compared to ash sludge (155 mgL -1 ). Compared to alum, ash sludge exhibits an excellent potential in the removal of organic materials and gives water with better qualities.
以矿山固体废弃物(粉煤灰和铁泥)为混凝剂，研制出一种新型混凝剂(灰泥)。用x射线荧光(XRF)对粉煤灰和铁泥的化学成分进行了表征。在不同的pH值和吸附剂用量下，考察了混凝剂对水中天然有机物的去除效果，以及对水的总硬度、电导率和浊度的改善效果。混凝剂含有高含量的Al - 3+和Fe - 3+离子。与传统混凝剂明矾(55 mg / l -1)相比，灰污泥的最佳投加量(40 mg / l -1)较低。在最佳pH值为8时，灰渣污泥去除率为80.2%，明矾去除率为70.9%。在优化的pH和混凝剂用量下，明矾混凝水的总硬度(166 mg / l -1)高于灰污泥(155 mg / l -1)。与明矾相比，灰污泥在去除有机物质方面表现出良好的潜力，并使水的质量更好。
{"title":"Removal of aqueous natural organic pollutants using mixed mining solid wastes: coal fly ash and iron sludge","authors":"Edith Sebata, B. Nyamunda, N. P. Zinyama, Upenyu Guyo, M. Moyo","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0220-0227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0220-0227","url":null,"abstract":"A new coagulant (ash sludge) has been developed from a mixture of mining solid wastes (coal fly ash and iron sludge). The chemical composition of the coal fly ash and iron sludge was characterised by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The effectiveness of the coagulant was tested on the removal of aqueous natural organic matter and its improvement on total hardness, conductivity and turbidity of water under different pH and adsorbent dosages. The coagulant contains a high composition of Al 3+ and Fe 3+ ions. Ash sludge uses a lower optimum dosage (40 mgL -1 ) compared to the conventional coagulant, alum (55 mgL -1 ). At optimum pH 8, ash sludge removed 80.2% of the aqueous natural organic matter while alum removed 70.9%. Under optimised pH and coagulant dosage, alum coagulated water showed a higher total hardness (166 mgL - 1 ) compared to ash sludge (155 mgL -1 ). Compared to alum, ash sludge exhibits an excellent potential in the removal of organic materials and gives water with better qualities.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"220-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88308571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0199-0208
Temesgen Gashaw, A. Bantider, Abraham Mahari
Evaluation of land use/land cover changes and land degradation in Dera District, Ethiopia were undertaken using two remotely sensed datasets (Landsat 5 TM of 1985 and Landsat 7 ETM + imagery 2011). Land use/land cover change detection and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index analysis was carried out on the two images. Global positioning system and topographical maps of scale 1:50,000 for ground verification and ERDAS Imagine 9.1 and ArcGIS 9.2 software for satellite image processing and analysis were used for the study. Field observations and focus group discussions were also conducted to obtain addition information. The result of this study showed that cultivated and degraded lands were increased by 25.79% and 398% respectively at the expense of forest, shrub and grazing lands. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index analysis has also indicated the increased of land degradation between 1985 and 2011 images which mainly aggravated by land use/land cover changes.
{"title":"Evaluations of Land Use/Land Cover Changes and Land Degradation in Dera District, Ethiopia: GIS and Remote Sensing Based Analysis","authors":"Temesgen Gashaw, A. Bantider, Abraham Mahari","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0199-0208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0199-0208","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of land use/land cover changes and land degradation in Dera District, Ethiopia were undertaken using two remotely sensed datasets (Landsat 5 TM of 1985 and Landsat 7 ETM + imagery 2011). Land use/land cover change detection and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index analysis was carried out on the two images. Global positioning system and topographical maps of scale 1:50,000 for ground verification and ERDAS Imagine 9.1 and ArcGIS 9.2 software for satellite image processing and analysis were used for the study. Field observations and focus group discussions were also conducted to obtain addition information. The result of this study showed that cultivated and degraded lands were increased by 25.79% and 398% respectively at the expense of forest, shrub and grazing lands. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index analysis has also indicated the increased of land degradation between 1985 and 2011 images which mainly aggravated by land use/land cover changes.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"199-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75832292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0209-0219
S. Mohammadi, B. S. Lalehloo, M. Bayat, S. Sharafi, Farshad Habibi, Razavi Khorasan
To study water-stress-tolerant barley varieties, 20 barley lines were cultivated under full irrigation and limited irrigation conditions where irrigation was stopped at anthesis stage in two separate field experiments during the 2007-2009 growing seasons at the Saatloo Research Farm, Azerbaijan, Iran. The experiments were laid out using RCBD with three replications. The results from combined analysis of variance in both normal and stress conditions indicated that there were significant differences among genotypes with regard to all studied traits which were due to high variation among the genotypes. It was found that the activity of enzymes including SOD, GPX and CAT were increased under drought stress conditions, so that tolerant genotypes had more changes in enzyme activity. On the other hand, MDA, Dityrosine and 8-oHdg were increased under stress conditions where sensitive genotypes had stronger enzyme activity. Calculations of the correlation coefficients among the studied traits under both stress and normal conditions also indicated that there were negative and significant differences between antioxidant activity, lipid, protein, and DNA decadence. Finally, with regard to all traits, it was revealed that in normal conditions genotypes 18 and 19 were the best performing lines, whereas the genotype 14 was least adapted line. Therefore, genotypes 18 and 19 showed higher levels of resistance to water stress and the genotype 15 was more sensitive to the drought conditions. The results also indicated that selecting more tolerant genotypes under stress conditions was the way to overcome water deficit stress under terminal drought conditions.
{"title":"Using Physiological Traits to Evaluating Resistance of Different Barley Promising Lines to Water Deficit Stress","authors":"S. Mohammadi, B. S. Lalehloo, M. Bayat, S. Sharafi, Farshad Habibi, Razavi Khorasan","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0209-0219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0209-0219","url":null,"abstract":"To study water-stress-tolerant barley varieties, 20 barley lines were cultivated under full irrigation and limited irrigation conditions where irrigation was stopped at anthesis stage in two separate field experiments during the 2007-2009 growing seasons at the Saatloo Research Farm, Azerbaijan, Iran. The experiments were laid out using RCBD with three replications. The results from combined analysis of variance in both normal and stress conditions indicated that there were significant differences among genotypes with regard to all studied traits which were due to high variation among the genotypes. It was found that the activity of enzymes including SOD, GPX and CAT were increased under drought stress conditions, so that tolerant genotypes had more changes in enzyme activity. On the other hand, MDA, Dityrosine and 8-oHdg were increased under stress conditions where sensitive genotypes had stronger enzyme activity. Calculations of the correlation coefficients among the studied traits under both stress and normal conditions also indicated that there were negative and significant differences between antioxidant activity, lipid, protein, and DNA decadence. Finally, with regard to all traits, it was revealed that in normal conditions genotypes 18 and 19 were the best performing lines, whereas the genotype 14 was least adapted line. Therefore, genotypes 18 and 19 showed higher levels of resistance to water stress and the genotype 15 was more sensitive to the drought conditions. The results also indicated that selecting more tolerant genotypes under stress conditions was the way to overcome water deficit stress under terminal drought conditions.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"44 7 1","pages":"209-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77729445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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