Globally, Breast Cancer is mostly detecting in women’s due to family history, obesity, irregular menstruation, intake of alcohol/tobacco, etc. When uncontrollable grow of cells in breast which turns into cancer, occur at lobules or duct of breast. Various indications are seen like – appearance of lumps, swelling, size & color of breast is change, unusual discharge, etc. Breast cancer can be diagnosis by oneself by doing some physical activity and by advance modern technology can help to detect the cancerous cells. Mammography and Sonography is the initial diagnosing method to detect the cancer cells without any incision or inserting tools into the breast. Doctors or trained healthcare observe the tumor i.e. it’s benign or malignant after that screening model is use to confirmation of the tumor.
{"title":"VALIDATION OF SCREENING MODEL OF BREAST CANCER: A REVIEW","authors":"Ruchi Sengar, Ankita Tripathi, Ratnesh Mishra, Harjeet Gautam, F. Sharif, Bhawna Mehta","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.1204128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1204128","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, Breast Cancer is mostly detecting in women’s due to family history, obesity, irregular menstruation, intake of alcohol/tobacco, etc. When uncontrollable grow of cells in breast which turns into cancer, occur at lobules or duct of breast. Various indications are seen like – appearance of lumps, swelling, size & color of breast is change, unusual discharge, etc. Breast cancer can be diagnosis by oneself by doing some physical activity and by advance modern technology can help to detect the cancerous cells. Mammography and Sonography is the initial diagnosing method to detect the cancer cells without any incision or inserting tools into the breast. Doctors or trained healthcare observe the tumor i.e. it’s benign or malignant after that screening model is use to confirmation of the tumor.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"58 1","pages":"8-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73684366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-13DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.1204129
S. Sarala, D. Chamundeeswari, V. Gopal
Pancha Harithakadi Churna (PHC) is a traditional polyherbal formulation meant for digestion which consists of household ingredients having digestive property. PHC is mainly used for Constipation and Bloating. Churna’s will play an important role in gastro intestinal problems. Churna’s are having greater bioavailability because of smaller particle size. It consists of fine powder (sieve 100 size) of Ginger rhizomes, Fennel fruits, Myrobalan fruits, Senna leaflets and Pink Rock salt in equal proportions (1:1:1:1:1) are mixed well. PHC is formulated by standard procedures and evaluated by physical and analytical methods. Physicochemical standards and heavy metals are found to be within the limits. PHC is found to be free from microbes. The PHC showed pronounced amylolytic activity and moderate lipolytic and proteolytic activity when compared with standard showing its efficacy for treating indigestion. In future we will carry out other digestive enzymes in vitro studies and also to carry out in vivo digestive studies.
{"title":"PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF PANCHA HARITHAKADI CHURNA FOR DIGESTIVE ACTIVITY","authors":"S. Sarala, D. Chamundeeswari, V. Gopal","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.1204129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1204129","url":null,"abstract":"Pancha Harithakadi Churna (PHC) is a traditional polyherbal formulation meant for digestion which consists of household ingredients having digestive property. PHC is mainly used for Constipation and Bloating. Churna’s will play an important role in gastro intestinal problems. Churna’s are having greater bioavailability because of smaller particle size. It consists of fine powder (sieve 100 size) of Ginger rhizomes, Fennel fruits, Myrobalan fruits, Senna leaflets and Pink Rock salt in equal proportions (1:1:1:1:1) are mixed well. PHC is formulated by standard procedures and evaluated by physical and analytical methods. Physicochemical standards and heavy metals are found to be within the limits. PHC is found to be free from microbes. The PHC showed pronounced amylolytic activity and moderate lipolytic and proteolytic activity when compared with standard showing its efficacy for treating indigestion. In future we will carry out other digestive enzymes in vitro studies and also to carry out in vivo digestive studies.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"46 3","pages":"19-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72604924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-13DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.1204132
Alpana, S. Khatak
This research work aimed to “Formulation of tolnaftate (TNF) loaded NLCs emulgel using hot homogenization method followed by ultrasonication method for topical application. The various parameters such as concentration of solid lipid (GMS), liquid lipid (Gelucire 44/14), and the concentration of gelling agent (Carbopol 940) were studied for particle size, zeta potential, %EE, and Viscosity of emulgel. The optimized formulation (F6) was found to be spherical in shape with a mean particle size of 104.8±44.30nm and zeta potential -33.0mV. The maximum % entrapment of tolnaftate in the optimized formulation was found to be 98.23±0.963. The in vitro drug release study demonstrated that the release of the drug from TNF-NLCs emulgel was shown in comparison to marketed formulation (KT5DERM) and pure TNF. Overall, the developed TNF-NLCs emulgel was considered as a potential anti-fungal nano-drug, providing a new direction to the fungal infection treatment.
{"title":"FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF NANO-STRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS ENCAPSULATED TOLNAFTATE EMULGEL","authors":"Alpana, S. Khatak","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.1204132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1204132","url":null,"abstract":"This research work aimed to “Formulation of tolnaftate (TNF) loaded NLCs emulgel using hot homogenization method followed by ultrasonication method for topical application. The various parameters such as concentration of solid lipid (GMS), liquid lipid (Gelucire 44/14), and the concentration of gelling agent (Carbopol 940) were studied for particle size, zeta potential, %EE, and Viscosity of emulgel. The optimized formulation (F6) was found to be spherical in shape with a mean particle size of 104.8±44.30nm and zeta potential -33.0mV. The maximum % entrapment of tolnaftate in the optimized formulation was found to be 98.23±0.963. The in vitro drug release study demonstrated that the release of the drug from TNF-NLCs emulgel was shown in comparison to marketed formulation (KT5DERM) and pure TNF. Overall, the developed TNF-NLCs emulgel was considered as a potential anti-fungal nano-drug, providing a new direction to the fungal infection treatment.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"30 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73436750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-13DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.1204131
N. Gidde, P. V. Desai, Priyanka V. Bagade, Seema U. Shinde, M. M. Nitalikar
The main objective of developing a herbal hand sanitizer would be to promote "hand hygiene." It is a key element in the detection, control, and elimination of any acquired infection. Hand sanitizer will break the chain of microorganisms and other bacteria spreading from the hands to other areas of our bodies. Hand hygiene is essential and among the most common important steps in food processing, food service, and in the preparation of homes and other day care facilities. Hand sanitizer prevents itching, scratching, dermatitis, and other unpleasant side effects. So, maintaining hand hygiene as the key approach, an attempt to formulate an herbal hand sanitizer using extracts from widely available plants such as Argemone mexicana and Calendula officinalis, instead of a synthetic formulation. Physical parameters of the formulation were assessed. These ingredients, in combination, have seemed to act as an effective hand sanitizer.
{"title":"FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL HAND SANITIZER USING ARGEMONE MEXICANA AND CALENDULA OFFICINALIS PLANT EXTRACT","authors":"N. Gidde, P. V. Desai, Priyanka V. Bagade, Seema U. Shinde, M. M. Nitalikar","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.1204131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1204131","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of developing a herbal hand sanitizer would be to promote \"hand hygiene.\" It is a key element in the detection, control, and elimination of any acquired infection. Hand sanitizer will break the chain of microorganisms and other bacteria spreading from the hands to other areas of our bodies. Hand hygiene is essential and among the most common important steps in food processing, food service, and in the preparation of homes and other day care facilities. Hand sanitizer prevents itching, scratching, dermatitis, and other unpleasant side effects. So, maintaining hand hygiene as the key approach, an attempt to formulate an herbal hand sanitizer using extracts from widely available plants such as Argemone mexicana and Calendula officinalis, instead of a synthetic formulation. Physical parameters of the formulation were assessed. These ingredients, in combination, have seemed to act as an effective hand sanitizer.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"62 1","pages":"34-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80108727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-13DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.1204130
Prashant Kumar, S. Khatak
The aim of this dissertation work was to develop and characterize an optimal formulation of solid lipid nanoparticles of nadifloxacin, which would then be incorporated into hydrogel. The SLN was developed with drug nadifloxacin, which is poorly water soluble. On the basis of solubility studies (i.e. partitioning effects), the lipid and components were chosen. In this study, the two variables amount of lipid and concentration of Poloxamer 188 were studied. The EE increased as the concentration of Poloxamer 188 increased. The particle size was observed to decrease as the concentration of Poloxamer 188 was increased. The EE increased in a similar way as the amount of lipid was increased. So the purpose was to formulate hydrogel with carbopol 940 with improved drug entrapment, sufficient viscosity, good extrudability, good homogeneity and improved drug release. Hydrogels are polymers that have swelling ability in water or aqueous solvent systems. Due to their increased water content, gels can provide a better feeling for skin than other conventional dosage forms. Hydrogels are insoluble in water. They are not easily removed from the application site.
{"title":"FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NADIFLOXACIN LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE BASED HYDROGEL","authors":"Prashant Kumar, S. Khatak","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.1204130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1204130","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this dissertation work was to develop and characterize an optimal formulation of solid lipid nanoparticles of nadifloxacin, which would then be incorporated into hydrogel. The SLN was developed with drug nadifloxacin, which is poorly water soluble. On the basis of solubility studies (i.e. partitioning effects), the lipid and components were chosen. In this study, the two variables amount of lipid and concentration of Poloxamer 188 were studied. The EE increased as the concentration of Poloxamer 188 increased. The particle size was observed to decrease as the concentration of Poloxamer 188 was increased. The EE increased in a similar way as the amount of lipid was increased. So the purpose was to formulate hydrogel with carbopol 940 with improved drug entrapment, sufficient viscosity, good extrudability, good homogeneity and improved drug release. Hydrogels are polymers that have swelling ability in water or aqueous solvent systems. Due to their increased water content, gels can provide a better feeling for skin than other conventional dosage forms. Hydrogels are insoluble in water. They are not easily removed from the application site.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"3 1","pages":"23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88859061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-13DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.1204127
D RajaVidhya, S. Girija, Nila Ganamurali, Dhivya Dhanasekaran, Sarvesh Sabarathinam
Background: Cardiovascular complications are one of the leading causes of global mortality. Statins are intended to produce beneficial effects in reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular patients. However, it becomes negligible in statin intolerant patients mainly due to muscle related symptoms. Objective: The objective of the study is to summarize the results of the studies available on safety and efficacy of bempedoic acid/ezetimibe combination treatment in statin intolerant patients. Methods: After comprehensive literature survey, in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase and Medline, randomized controlled studies involving statin intolerant hyperlipidemia, patients with low- density lipoprotein ≥200 mg/dl and at high risk of cardiovascular disease treated with Bempedoic acid and ezetimibe combination were selected. Results: For final quality analysis two clinical trials were selected to assess the safety and efficacy of the combination of Bempedoic acid and Ezetimibe. Data shows Bempedoic acid and Ezetimibe combination significantly lowered the low-density lipoprotein compared to the control groups (placebo vs Bempedoic acid vs ezetimibe). In addition, the data shows significant reduction in highly sensitive C- reactive protein, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. Conclusion: Overall, we conclude that the combination of Bempedoic acid and Ezetimibe can be considered as a treatment of choice for the treatment of hyperlipidemia for patients with statin-intolerance or maximally tolerated even to low-dose statins.
{"title":"A REVIEW ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF BEMPEDOIC ACID AS ADD-ON THERAPY WITH EZETIMIBE FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYPERLIPIDEMIA","authors":"D RajaVidhya, S. Girija, Nila Ganamurali, Dhivya Dhanasekaran, Sarvesh Sabarathinam","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.1204127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1204127","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiovascular complications are one of the leading causes of global mortality. Statins are intended to produce beneficial effects in reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular patients. However, it becomes negligible in statin intolerant patients mainly due to muscle related symptoms. Objective: The objective of the study is to summarize the results of the studies available on safety and efficacy of bempedoic acid/ezetimibe combination treatment in statin intolerant patients. Methods: After comprehensive literature survey, in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase and Medline, randomized controlled studies involving statin intolerant hyperlipidemia, patients with low- density lipoprotein ≥200 mg/dl and at high risk of cardiovascular disease treated with Bempedoic acid and ezetimibe combination were selected. Results: For final quality analysis two clinical trials were selected to assess the safety and efficacy of the combination of Bempedoic acid and Ezetimibe. Data shows Bempedoic acid and Ezetimibe combination significantly lowered the low-density lipoprotein compared to the control groups (placebo vs Bempedoic acid vs ezetimibe). In addition, the data shows significant reduction in highly sensitive C- reactive protein, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. Conclusion: Overall, we conclude that the combination of Bempedoic acid and Ezetimibe can be considered as a treatment of choice for the treatment of hyperlipidemia for patients with statin-intolerance or maximally tolerated even to low-dose statins.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"119 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84777582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.1203126
D. Singh, V. Chauhan, Sapna Chaudhar, Anupama Kaushik
The purpose of the present analysis was to identify the application of HPLC and UV/Vis spectroscopy. UV-VIS Spectroscopy is the term used to test the various types of solvents and substances in an analysis. In particular, small-scale enterprises typically prefer spectroscopy, as the cost of equipment is lower and maintenance issues are limited. The analysis approach is based on the calculation of the absorption of monochromatic light in the near ultraviolet direction of a spectrum by colourless compounds (200 400nm). The pharmaceutical analysis requires the necessary procedure for the determination of the "identity, intensity, consistency and purity of such compounds. Analysis of raw materials and intermediates during the drug manufacturing process is also included. The dissociation constant is well known to be the most critical parameter in the production and optimization of a new compound for successful development of formulations. Information on the system of simultaneous equation, difference spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or fluid visible ultraviolet spectrophotometry was measured. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an effective analytical method for drug product evaluation. Methods of HPLC should be able to isolate, detect and quantify the different drugs and drug related degradants that can shape, detect and quantify any drugs and drug related impurities that can be added during synthesis. Validation is the process of determining a method's performance features and limitations and defining the factors that which alter these characteristics and to what extent.
{"title":"A REVIEW ON INSTRUMENTATION AND VALIDATION METHOD OF UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY AND HPLC FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DRUGS","authors":"D. Singh, V. Chauhan, Sapna Chaudhar, Anupama Kaushik","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.1203126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1203126","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present analysis was to identify the application of HPLC and UV/Vis spectroscopy. UV-VIS Spectroscopy is the term used to test the various types of solvents and substances in an analysis. In particular, small-scale enterprises typically prefer spectroscopy, as the cost of equipment is lower and maintenance issues are limited. The analysis approach is based on the calculation of the absorption of monochromatic light in the near ultraviolet direction of a spectrum by colourless compounds (200 400nm). The pharmaceutical analysis requires the necessary procedure for the determination of the \"identity, intensity, consistency and purity of such compounds. Analysis of raw materials and intermediates during the drug manufacturing process is also included. The dissociation constant is well known to be the most critical parameter in the production and optimization of a new compound for successful development of formulations. Information on the system of simultaneous equation, difference spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or fluid visible ultraviolet spectrophotometry was measured. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an effective analytical method for drug product evaluation. Methods of HPLC should be able to isolate, detect and quantify the different drugs and drug related degradants that can shape, detect and quantify any drugs and drug related impurities that can be added during synthesis. Validation is the process of determining a method's performance features and limitations and defining the factors that which alter these characteristics and to what extent.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"41 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83645016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.1203123
Tarek El-banna, F. Sonbol, Heba M El-Dawy, Lamiaa A. Al-Madboly
Nosocomial and community acquired infections that caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates are widespread recently resulting in high morbidity and mortality due to limited number of treatment options with effective antibiotics. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile, biofilm formation and efflux pump activity of MDR K. pneumoniae isolates collected from different hospitals in Tanta, Egypt. A total of 70 K. pneumoniae isolates characterized by standard biochemical tests and confirmed by MALDI-TOF/MS were screened for antibiotic susceptibility, efflux pump activity and biofilm formation. Isolates displayed high resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and the majority of tested fluoro/-quinolones and decreased resistance to imipenem, amikacin, chloramphenicol, tigecycline and colistin. Out of 70 K. pneumoniae isolates, 2 isolates exhibited Pan Drug-Resistance (PDR) profile while 57 (81.4%) and 11 (15.7%) exhibited MDR and Extensively drug-resistance (XDR) profiles, respectively. Sixty-four (91.4%) isolates exhibited efflux pump activity while all tested isolates had the ability to form biofilm with varied degrees as 40 (57.1%), 26 (37.1%), and 4 (5.7%) isolates were strong, moderate and weak biofilm producers, respectively. Also, a strong relation between efflux pump activity and biofilm formation per isolate was detected. In conclusion, Multidrug resistance, biofilm formation and efflux pump capabilities in K. pneumoniae have serious public health implications in the management and control of infections caused by this bacterium. Therefore, a multifaceted approach and precise planning are recommended in controlling these infections
{"title":"EVALUATION OF EFFLUX PUMP ACTIVITY AND BIOFILM FORMATION IN MULTIDRUG RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE ISOLATES IN TANTA, EGYPT","authors":"Tarek El-banna, F. Sonbol, Heba M El-Dawy, Lamiaa A. Al-Madboly","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.1203123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1203123","url":null,"abstract":"Nosocomial and community acquired infections that caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates are widespread recently resulting in high morbidity and mortality due to limited number of treatment options with effective antibiotics. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile, biofilm formation and efflux pump activity of MDR K. pneumoniae isolates collected from different hospitals in Tanta, Egypt. A total of 70 K. pneumoniae isolates characterized by standard biochemical tests and confirmed by MALDI-TOF/MS were screened for antibiotic susceptibility, efflux pump activity and biofilm formation. Isolates displayed high resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and the majority of tested fluoro/-quinolones and decreased resistance to imipenem, amikacin, chloramphenicol, tigecycline and colistin. Out of 70 K. pneumoniae isolates, 2 isolates exhibited Pan Drug-Resistance (PDR) profile while 57 (81.4%) and 11 (15.7%) exhibited MDR and Extensively drug-resistance (XDR) profiles, respectively. Sixty-four (91.4%) isolates exhibited efflux pump activity while all tested isolates had the ability to form biofilm with varied degrees as 40 (57.1%), 26 (37.1%), and 4 (5.7%) isolates were strong, moderate and weak biofilm producers, respectively. Also, a strong relation between efflux pump activity and biofilm formation per isolate was detected. In conclusion, Multidrug resistance, biofilm formation and efflux pump capabilities in K. pneumoniae have serious public health implications in the management and control of infections caused by this bacterium. Therefore, a multifaceted approach and precise planning are recommended in controlling these infections","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"69 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85581183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.1203125
Devika Tripathi, Sangeeta Mishra, Jagannath Sahoo, D. Sharma, A. Rai, P. Wal
The main objective of the work is the formulation and evaluation of a natural herbal face mask for rejuvenation and glowing skin from locally available ingredients. Citrus aurantium, Lycopersicon esculentum, Santalum album, Prunus dulcis, Rose petals, Camellia sinensis leaves were procured from the local market and were dried, powdered, then passed through sieve no-100, mixed geometrically, and packed in an airtight container for converting into unique formula. The distinguishing microscopically characters of individual powders were noted, and quantitative measurements were taken. The powder had passable flow property which is suitable for a face mask. The particle size of the powder was found to be 20 -25µm. Herbal face mask is used to stimulate blood circulation, rejuvenates the muscles and help to maintain the elasticity of the skin and remove dirt from skin pores and provide glow and flawless skin. The non-toxic nature reduced allergic reactions and easy availability of herbs making them acceptable and useful for users.
{"title":"REJUVENATION OF SKIN BY PREPARED CITRUS AURANTIUM, LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM, SANTALUM ALBUM AND PRUNUS DULCIS HERBAL FACE MASK: FORMULATION AND EVALUATION","authors":"Devika Tripathi, Sangeeta Mishra, Jagannath Sahoo, D. Sharma, A. Rai, P. Wal","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.1203125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1203125","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the work is the formulation and evaluation of a natural herbal face mask for rejuvenation and glowing skin from locally available ingredients. Citrus aurantium, Lycopersicon esculentum, Santalum album, Prunus dulcis, Rose petals, Camellia sinensis leaves were procured from the local market and were dried, powdered, then passed through sieve no-100, mixed geometrically, and packed in an airtight container for converting into unique formula. The distinguishing microscopically characters of individual powders were noted, and quantitative measurements were taken. The powder had passable flow property which is suitable for a face mask. The particle size of the powder was found to be 20 -25µm. Herbal face mask is used to stimulate blood circulation, rejuvenates the muscles and help to maintain the elasticity of the skin and remove dirt from skin pores and provide glow and flawless skin. The non-toxic nature reduced allergic reactions and easy availability of herbs making them acceptable and useful for users.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"65 1","pages":"11-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74510497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.1203124
Rutu M Patel, D. G. Rana
Depression is a disorder of unknown origin and it involves disturbance of many physiological processes. There are many mechanisms in depression including alterations in neurotrophic factors. It has been suggested in this review that an impairment of synaptic plasticity in specific areas of central nervous system, specifically in hippocampus can be an important factor in the pathophysiology of depression. Further, an abnormal neural plasticity may be related to alterations in the level of neurotrophic factors. In context with this, it can be suggested that there can be a connection between occurrences of depression with the disturbance of neurotrophic factors, raising great attention in the recent years. In the present review, it has been tried to explain the significance of insulin-like growth factor in depression by presenting the several important topics such as neurotrophic factors in depression, insulin like growth factor in central nervous system, insulin like growth factor receptor in depression, neurotrophic role of insulin like growth factor and correlation between insulin like growth factor and brain serotonin levels.
{"title":"ROLE OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR IN DEPRESSION: A REVIEW","authors":"Rutu M Patel, D. G. Rana","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.1203124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1203124","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is a disorder of unknown origin and it involves disturbance of many physiological processes. There are many mechanisms in depression including alterations in neurotrophic factors. It has been suggested in this review that an impairment of synaptic plasticity in specific areas of central nervous system, specifically in hippocampus can be an important factor in the pathophysiology of depression. Further, an abnormal neural plasticity may be related to alterations in the level of neurotrophic factors. In context with this, it can be suggested that there can be a connection between occurrences of depression with the disturbance of neurotrophic factors, raising great attention in the recent years. In the present review, it has been tried to explain the significance of insulin-like growth factor in depression by presenting the several important topics such as neurotrophic factors in depression, insulin like growth factor in central nervous system, insulin like growth factor receptor in depression, neurotrophic role of insulin like growth factor and correlation between insulin like growth factor and brain serotonin levels.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85164412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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