Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.1112103
Amit Patel, K. Hirani, Hiral Gohil
To access the quality of drug the standardization is very critical. As per WHO guidelines, 80% of the peoples have relied on traditional medicine in a rising nation. Most of the conventional system is valuable but a lack of standardization. The parameters studied are physicochemical parameters, heavy metal analysis, aflatoxin content, pesticide residue and microbial analysis. These values will help to obtain the batch-to-batch variation in Arthrum ointment. This is used to treat different types of pain. We calculated and discussed physicochemical parameters, heavy metal analysis, aflatoxin content, pesticide residue and microbial analysis. The scientific method for its quality and safety evaluation is not yet to be documented. Hence in the current work, an attempt has been made to evaluate the quality parameters to be used for its preparation and processing.
{"title":"STANDARDIZATION STUDY OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION: ARTHRUM OINTMENT","authors":"Amit Patel, K. Hirani, Hiral Gohil","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.1112103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1112103","url":null,"abstract":"To access the quality of drug the standardization is very critical. As per WHO guidelines, 80% of the peoples have relied on traditional medicine in a rising nation. Most of the conventional system is valuable but a lack of standardization. The parameters studied are physicochemical parameters, heavy metal analysis, aflatoxin content, pesticide residue and microbial analysis. These values will help to obtain the batch-to-batch variation in Arthrum ointment. This is used to treat different types of pain. We calculated and discussed physicochemical parameters, heavy metal analysis, aflatoxin content, pesticide residue and microbial analysis. The scientific method for its quality and safety evaluation is not yet to be documented. Hence in the current work, an attempt has been made to evaluate the quality parameters to be used for its preparation and processing.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88946882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.1112108
S. Anver
Seed dressing with culture filtrate of Paecilomyces lilacinus resulted in a significant control of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis singly or concomitantly, with a corresponding increase in plant growth, length and weight of plants and number of pods, chlorophyll content of leaves, water absorption capacity of roots of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). In another experiment soil application with oil cake of neem (Azadirachta indica) showed significant suppression of the nematodes, both singly as well as concomitantly, with the consequent improvement in different growth parameters of the plants as above. A combination of seed dressing treatment with culture filtrate of P. lilacinus and soil amendment with neem cake gave synergistic effect with respect to nematode management and improvement in plant growth parameters.
{"title":"BIOMANAGEMENT OF ROOT-KNOT AND RENIFORM NEMATODES ON OKRA","authors":"S. Anver","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.1112108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1112108","url":null,"abstract":"Seed dressing with culture filtrate of Paecilomyces lilacinus resulted in a significant control of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis singly or concomitantly, with a corresponding increase in plant growth, length and weight of plants and number of pods, chlorophyll content of leaves, water absorption capacity of roots of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). In another experiment soil application with oil cake of neem (Azadirachta indica) showed significant suppression of the nematodes, both singly as well as concomitantly, with the consequent improvement in different growth parameters of the plants as above. A combination of seed dressing treatment with culture filtrate of P. lilacinus and soil amendment with neem cake gave synergistic effect with respect to nematode management and improvement in plant growth parameters.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87175631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.1112107
Steffi Madari, Pratik P. Dhavan, N. Shah
A Plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles is considered as a representative approach to environment benignity in material synthesis to avoid chemical toxicity. In this present study, we report an eco-friendly technique for the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from aqueous leaves extract of Carissa carandas Linn, and the evaluation of their pharmacological activities. The formation of AgNPs is confirmed by UV-Visible spectrum which peak highest at 436nm that corresponds to surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs. The shape and size of synthesized AgNPs were determined by HR-TEM and FEG-SEM which indicated well-dispersed nanoparticles with size ranging from 20nm-40nm. The functional groups responsible for reduction of silver ions are demonstrated by FTIR. XRD reported the crystalline nature of AgNPs. DPPH assay shows AgNPs has better antioxidant potential than its aqueous leaves extract. Antibacterial activity of AgNPs using resazurin dye against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) was found to be in the range from 31.5 μg/mL to 125 μg/mL. This biogenic synthesis provides an environment friendly, clean, cost-effective, and easy method for synthesis of AgNPs with enhanced pharmacological activities.
{"title":"BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM CARISSA CARANDAS LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES","authors":"Steffi Madari, Pratik P. Dhavan, N. Shah","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.1112107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1112107","url":null,"abstract":"A Plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles is considered as a representative approach to environment benignity in material synthesis to avoid chemical toxicity. In this present study, we report an eco-friendly technique for the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from aqueous leaves extract of Carissa carandas Linn, and the evaluation of their pharmacological activities. The formation of AgNPs is confirmed by UV-Visible spectrum which peak highest at 436nm that corresponds to surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs. The shape and size of synthesized AgNPs were determined by HR-TEM and FEG-SEM which indicated well-dispersed nanoparticles with size ranging from 20nm-40nm. The functional groups responsible for reduction of silver ions are demonstrated by FTIR. XRD reported the crystalline nature of AgNPs. DPPH assay shows AgNPs has better antioxidant potential than its aqueous leaves extract. Antibacterial activity of AgNPs using resazurin dye against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) was found to be in the range from 31.5 μg/mL to 125 μg/mL. This biogenic synthesis provides an environment friendly, clean, cost-effective, and easy method for synthesis of AgNPs with enhanced pharmacological activities.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75101380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.111197
A. Kumari, Parminderjit Kaur
Objective: The main objective of this work was to put forth the assorted strategies to develop and validate a novel, specific, precise and reliable method for estimation of aprepitant in bulk using UV-visible spectroscopy method. Method: The validation of Aprepitant was done by using UV-visible spectrophotometric method by using double beam systronics UV-visible spectrometer, model UV-2201 (India). The validation method involves various parameters like linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, ruggedness, detection, quantification limits of formulation analysis according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Results: UV-spectroscopic determination was carried out at maximum absorption 263.6nm using pH 6.8 buffer & 1.1% tween 80 and 263.8nm using methanol and distilled water. The method obeyed Beer Lambert’s Law in the concentration range of 8-48µg/ml and R2 was found to be 0.999. Conclusion: As per the results were concerned, the %RSD was found to be less than 2% which is compliance with the acceptance criteria of Q1 (R1) and According to results, the currently developed method shows compliance with acceptance criteria with Q1 (R1) and international conference on harmonization (2005) guidelines. Thus, the developed method was found to be simple accurate and précised.
{"title":"PRELIMINARY VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC FOR DETERMINATION OF ANTIEMETIC DRUG APREPITANT IN BULK FORM","authors":"A. Kumari, Parminderjit Kaur","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.111197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.111197","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The main objective of this work was to put forth the assorted strategies to develop and validate a novel, specific, precise and reliable method for estimation of aprepitant in bulk using UV-visible spectroscopy method. Method: The validation of Aprepitant was done by using UV-visible spectrophotometric method by using double beam systronics UV-visible spectrometer, model UV-2201 (India). The validation method involves various parameters like linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, ruggedness, detection, quantification limits of formulation analysis according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Results: UV-spectroscopic determination was carried out at maximum absorption 263.6nm using pH 6.8 buffer & 1.1% tween 80 and 263.8nm using methanol and distilled water. The method obeyed Beer Lambert’s Law in the concentration range of 8-48µg/ml and R2 was found to be 0.999. Conclusion: As per the results were concerned, the %RSD was found to be less than 2% which is compliance with the acceptance criteria of Q1 (R1) and According to results, the currently developed method shows compliance with acceptance criteria with Q1 (R1) and international conference on harmonization (2005) guidelines. Thus, the developed method was found to be simple accurate and précised.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"9 1","pages":"49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87279099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.111198
A. Jain, Geeta K Patel
The aim of present investigation is to formulate the tri-layered tablet of an Anti-Hyperglycaemic drug comprising Metformin HCl as sustained release layer and Vildagliptin as an immediate release layer in a fixed dose combination along with a fast dissolving intermediate layer or barrier layer in between the two layers just like a sandwich. Vildagliptin is well-known for its instability in presence of Metformin HCl. Hence, Vildagliptin degrades in formulation of single unit dosage form. The in vitro release layer of Metformin HCl was prepared using combination of sustained release polymer HPMC K100M & HPMC K4M and binder used in formulation is Povidone K90 which was prolonged up to 10 - 12 hours. The In-vitro release of Vildagliptin is rapid from tablet and showed highest drug release of more than 90% in 30 Minutes. Final formulation was tested for accelerated stability study. Intermediate barrier layer was optimised using Lactose Monohydrate and Microcrystalline cellulose as a diluents and Croscarmellose sodium as a disintegrant. The disintegration time of tablet into two halves for final formulation was 51 seconds. Combination of lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose as well as thickness of the intermediate layer was found important to achieve quick disintegration.
{"title":"FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MODIFIED RELEASE TRI-LAYERED TABLET USING A FIXED DOSE COMBINATION OF METFORMIN HCL AND VILDAGLIPTIN","authors":"A. Jain, Geeta K Patel","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.111198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.111198","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of present investigation is to formulate the tri-layered tablet of an Anti-Hyperglycaemic drug comprising Metformin HCl as sustained release layer and Vildagliptin as an immediate release layer in a fixed dose combination along with a fast dissolving intermediate layer or barrier layer in between the two layers just like a sandwich. Vildagliptin is well-known for its instability in presence of Metformin HCl. Hence, Vildagliptin degrades in formulation of single unit dosage form. The in vitro release layer of Metformin HCl was prepared using combination of sustained release polymer HPMC K100M & HPMC K4M and binder used in formulation is Povidone K90 which was prolonged up to 10 - 12 hours. The In-vitro release of Vildagliptin is rapid from tablet and showed highest drug release of more than 90% in 30 Minutes. Final formulation was tested for accelerated stability study. Intermediate barrier layer was optimised using Lactose Monohydrate and Microcrystalline cellulose as a diluents and Croscarmellose sodium as a disintegrant. The disintegration time of tablet into two halves for final formulation was 51 seconds. Combination of lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose as well as thickness of the intermediate layer was found important to achieve quick disintegration.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"20 1","pages":"54-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90891445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.111194
A. Tripathi, Sapna Chaudhar, V. Chauhan, Lalit Rana, Bhawna Mehta, K. Bharadwaj
Wound is known as disruption in the integrity of a tissue. The mechanisms of regeneration and tissue repair consist of a series of molecular and cellular events that occur after the onset of a tissue lesion to rebuild the damaged tissue. The remodelling phases of the exudative, proliferative, and extracellular matrix are concurrent events that occur through the interaction of complex processes involving soluble mediators, blood cells and parenchymal cells. Exudative phenomena that occur after injury, lead to tissue edema growth. The proliferative stage aims to minimize the area of tissue damage by myofibroblasts and fibroplasia contracting. Angiogenesis and reepithelialisation processes can still be observed at this point. Endothelial cells are capable of differentiating into mesenchymal components and this distinction seems to be finely coordinated by a series of signalling proteins. Many of the medicines available today is derived from natural sources. Flavonoids are essential components of the human diet apart from their physiological functions in plants, even though they are not considered as nutrients. In this review, naturally occurring flavonoid is discussed which occur in citrus fruits, vegetables, nuts, and beverages like coffee, tea, and red wine, and also in medical herbs. They exhibit different pharmacological actions, like antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer activity. One of the flavanones is Naringenin which is the ordinary dietary poly-phenolic constituent of the citrus fruits (grapefruit and oranges) and vegetables. It is beneficial in various neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, rheumatological, metabolic, malignant disorders, and functionally, this ameliorative effect of naringenin is primarily attributed to its anti-inflammatory (via inhibiting staffing of cytokines and inflammatory transcription factors) and anti-oxidant (via scavenging of free radicals, bolstering of endogenous antioxidant defence system and metal ion chelation) effects
{"title":"A REVIEW ON WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF DIETARY FLAVONOID NARINGENIN","authors":"A. Tripathi, Sapna Chaudhar, V. Chauhan, Lalit Rana, Bhawna Mehta, K. Bharadwaj","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.111194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.111194","url":null,"abstract":"Wound is known as disruption in the integrity of a tissue. The mechanisms of regeneration and tissue repair consist of a series of molecular and cellular events that occur after the onset of a tissue lesion to rebuild the damaged tissue. The remodelling phases of the exudative, proliferative, and extracellular matrix are concurrent events that occur through the interaction of complex processes involving soluble mediators, blood cells and parenchymal cells. Exudative phenomena that occur after injury, lead to tissue edema growth. The proliferative stage aims to minimize the area of tissue damage by myofibroblasts and fibroplasia contracting. Angiogenesis and reepithelialisation processes can still be observed at this point. Endothelial cells are capable of differentiating into mesenchymal components and this distinction seems to be finely coordinated by a series of signalling proteins. Many of the medicines available today is derived from natural sources. Flavonoids are essential components of the human diet apart from their physiological functions in plants, even though they are not considered as nutrients. In this review, naturally occurring flavonoid is discussed which occur in citrus fruits, vegetables, nuts, and beverages like coffee, tea, and red wine, and also in medical herbs. They exhibit different pharmacological actions, like antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer activity. One of the flavanones is Naringenin which is the ordinary dietary poly-phenolic constituent of the citrus fruits (grapefruit and oranges) and vegetables. It is beneficial in various neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, rheumatological, metabolic, malignant disorders, and functionally, this ameliorative effect of naringenin is primarily attributed to its anti-inflammatory (via inhibiting staffing of cytokines and inflammatory transcription factors) and anti-oxidant (via scavenging of free radicals, bolstering of endogenous antioxidant defence system and metal ion chelation) effects","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"45 1","pages":"25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85634484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.111196
M. Gupta, S. Majumdar, Suchetana Banerjee, A. Dey, S. Sengupta
Wound healing comprises of four phases, namely inflammation, proliferation, re-epithelialization and remodelling which re-establish integrity of damaged tissue. This experimental study evaluates wound healing action of two Ayurvedic stem bark formulations, RFNA (containing Neem & Ashoka) and RFUL (containing Udumber & Lodhra) using 5% & 10% aqueous extract concentrations for preparation of ointment for external wound application using excision and incision methods. Phytochemical screening of extracts indicated presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and carbohydrates while total flavonoid content was 54.76 and 59.14 µg QE/mg and total phenol content was 205.00 and 225.67 µg GAE/mg for RFNA and RFUL. This 14-day study used Swiss albino rats divided into six groups, each group having six animals. While Group A was control group, Group B used Framycetin Sulphate IP as standard drug. Groups C, D, E and F were administered ointment containing 5% and 10% RFNA and RFUL respectively. While excision wound model study evaluated the percentage of wound contraction and amount of pus formation, the incision wound model assessed reduction in wound length and histopathological microscopic examination of wound skin, on the 4th, 7th and 14th day. During this study, 10% RFNA and RFUL exhibited similar therapeutic efficacy as standard drug while 5% concentrations showed a little lower but highly significant properties, possibly due to high concentration of phenolic and flavonoidic compounds. The results showed that highest therapeutic efficacy was shown by 10% RFNA followed by 10% RFUL, 5% RFNA and 5% RFUL groups respectively in both excision and incision models.
{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF AYURVEDIC ANTIMICROBIAL FORMULATIONS USING IN VIVO ANIMAL EXCISION AND INCISION METHODS","authors":"M. Gupta, S. Majumdar, Suchetana Banerjee, A. Dey, S. Sengupta","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.111196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.111196","url":null,"abstract":"Wound healing comprises of four phases, namely inflammation, proliferation, re-epithelialization and remodelling which re-establish integrity of damaged tissue. This experimental study evaluates wound healing action of two Ayurvedic stem bark formulations, RFNA (containing Neem & Ashoka) and RFUL (containing Udumber & Lodhra) using 5% & 10% aqueous extract concentrations for preparation of ointment for external wound application using excision and incision methods. Phytochemical screening of extracts indicated presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and carbohydrates while total flavonoid content was 54.76 and 59.14 µg QE/mg and total phenol content was 205.00 and 225.67 µg GAE/mg for RFNA and RFUL. This 14-day study used Swiss albino rats divided into six groups, each group having six animals. While Group A was control group, Group B used Framycetin Sulphate IP as standard drug. Groups C, D, E and F were administered ointment containing 5% and 10% RFNA and RFUL respectively. While excision wound model study evaluated the percentage of wound contraction and amount of pus formation, the incision wound model assessed reduction in wound length and histopathological microscopic examination of wound skin, on the 4th, 7th and 14th day. During this study, 10% RFNA and RFUL exhibited similar therapeutic efficacy as standard drug while 5% concentrations showed a little lower but highly significant properties, possibly due to high concentration of phenolic and flavonoidic compounds. The results showed that highest therapeutic efficacy was shown by 10% RFNA followed by 10% RFUL, 5% RFNA and 5% RFUL groups respectively in both excision and incision models.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"5 1","pages":"41-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89290106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.111193
N. Kumari, A. Tripathi, Sapna Chaudhar, Bhawna Mehta, Khushboo Bhardawaj
Nanoparticles are an emerging field of modern science. It is solid colloidal particles. They consist of micro molecular materials in which the active ingredients is dissolved, entrapped or encapsulated or adsorbed or attached. The size of nanoparticles ranges from 1 to 100 nm. It can be synthesized chemically or biologically. Nanoparticles are used in various purposes like in drug delivery, in food, in medicine, in cosmetics etc. There are lots of advantages of nanomedicine over other dosage form. Nanoparticles show high solubility as well as higher bioavailability on site of action. This review focuses on synthesis, biosynthesis, types, application, advantage, disadvantage, limitation of nanoparticle.
{"title":"A DETAILED REVIEW ON THE TYPES AND APPLICATIONS OF NANOPARTICLES OR NANOMEDICINE","authors":"N. Kumari, A. Tripathi, Sapna Chaudhar, Bhawna Mehta, Khushboo Bhardawaj","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.111193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.111193","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles are an emerging field of modern science. It is solid colloidal particles. They consist of micro molecular materials in which the active ingredients is dissolved, entrapped or encapsulated or adsorbed or attached. The size of nanoparticles ranges from 1 to 100 nm. It can be synthesized chemically or biologically. Nanoparticles are used in various purposes like in drug delivery, in food, in medicine, in cosmetics etc. There are lots of advantages of nanomedicine over other dosage form. Nanoparticles show high solubility as well as higher bioavailability on site of action. This review focuses on synthesis, biosynthesis, types, application, advantage, disadvantage, limitation of nanoparticle.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"47 1","pages":"21-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88109780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.111191
K. Bhardwaj, A. Tripathi, P MallikarjunaB, Sapna Chaudhar, Bhawna Mehta
Oral sub-mucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, insidious disease which might affect the oral cavity (oral mucosa) including pharynx and larynx. Numerous approaches and anticancer molecules have been explored in the literature to treat OSF with different modes of action. However, complete cure for OSF is limited due to the lack of an ideal carrier for safe and effective delivery of potent drug moieties. There are several challenges such as anatomical or histological barriers and appropriate animal model need to be explored and optimized to develop the efficient treatment for oral sub-mucous fibrosis. Constant progression in the development of new formulations has led to the effective management of the disease associated with the mucosa using mucosal or muco-adhesive drug delivery systems. Muco-adhesive drug delivery systems (such as gel and patches) have gained unique position as drug cargoes. Therefore, present review is an attempt to contemplate on OSF in terms of pathogenesis, currently available treatment shaving their mode of action, major challenges encountered during treatment, usefulness/feasibility of muco-adhesive dosage forms, opportunities/future scope of muco-adhesive drug delivery in OSF and recent developments in the delivery of various anti-cancer drugs in the treatment of OSF.
{"title":"A REVIEW ON BUCCO-ADHESIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR ORAL SUB-MUCOUS FIBROSIS: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES","authors":"K. Bhardwaj, A. Tripathi, P MallikarjunaB, Sapna Chaudhar, Bhawna Mehta","doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.111191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.111191","url":null,"abstract":"Oral sub-mucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, insidious disease which might affect the oral cavity (oral mucosa) including pharynx and larynx. Numerous approaches and anticancer molecules have been explored in the literature to treat OSF with different modes of action. However, complete cure for OSF is limited due to the lack of an ideal carrier for safe and effective delivery of potent drug moieties. There are several challenges such as anatomical or histological barriers and appropriate animal model need to be explored and optimized to develop the efficient treatment for oral sub-mucous fibrosis. Constant progression in the development of new formulations has led to the effective management of the disease associated with the mucosa using mucosal or muco-adhesive drug delivery systems. Muco-adhesive drug delivery systems (such as gel and patches) have gained unique position as drug cargoes. Therefore, present review is an attempt to contemplate on OSF in terms of pathogenesis, currently available treatment shaving their mode of action, major challenges encountered during treatment, usefulness/feasibility of muco-adhesive dosage forms, opportunities/future scope of muco-adhesive drug delivery in OSF and recent developments in the delivery of various anti-cancer drugs in the treatment of OSF.","PeriodicalId":14413,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal Of Pharmacy","volume":"185 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73735193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.111195
Amrutkar Rakesh Devidas, Amrute Bhavesh Bharat, Ahire Ashishkumar Harishchndra, Ziyaul Haque s. Ahmed
Pyrimidine ring system has wide range of pharmacological activities in the form of substituted and fused ring system and its derivatives. In this study we use some new computational tools for predicting ADMET, Pharmacological profile and Molecular docking of some novel substituted Thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine. The side effect during the investigation is Carcinogenicity, Hepatotoxicity, etc., Molecular docking by using QSAR Software (Drug-receptor Interaction) it also focuses.
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