Pub Date : 2020-06-23DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1780383
A. J. Shah, T. Pandya, Jason Street
ABSTRACT The purpose here is to study the variation in the natural frequency of a material due to damage. Also, compare the shift in Natural Frequency that of a SYP-SP (Sweet Potato) bio-composite to a commercial SYP composite. Additionally, the motivation behind the study is to eventually provide biodegradable materials, as petroleum-based products being a finite resource and having more potential to harm the environment. The researcher obtained the Natural Frequencies by Experimental modal analysis using a cantilever beam vibration technique. The shift for the first three natural frequencies for damage induced SYP-SP composite was 10%, 8.6%, and 9.5% and for SYP-Commercial composite was 7.95%, 0.7%, and 0.9% respectively. The undamaged specimens of SYP-SP bio-composite and that of a commercial SYP composite showed behaviour almost on similar lines. Thus, stating the potential use of SYP-SP bio-composite for commercial applications like wood flooring, fencing, and other related applications.
{"title":"Study of variation in natural frequencies of bio-composites due to structural damage","authors":"A. J. Shah, T. Pandya, Jason Street","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1780383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1780383","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose here is to study the variation in the natural frequency of a material due to damage. Also, compare the shift in Natural Frequency that of a SYP-SP (Sweet Potato) bio-composite to a commercial SYP composite. Additionally, the motivation behind the study is to eventually provide biodegradable materials, as petroleum-based products being a finite resource and having more potential to harm the environment. The researcher obtained the Natural Frequencies by Experimental modal analysis using a cantilever beam vibration technique. The shift for the first three natural frequencies for damage induced SYP-SP composite was 10%, 8.6%, and 9.5% and for SYP-Commercial composite was 7.95%, 0.7%, and 0.9% respectively. The undamaged specimens of SYP-SP bio-composite and that of a commercial SYP composite showed behaviour almost on similar lines. Thus, stating the potential use of SYP-SP bio-composite for commercial applications like wood flooring, fencing, and other related applications.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"166 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1780383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47283957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1776486
A. Acosta, Ezequiel Gallio, H. Schulz, P. Zanatta, K. T. Barbosa, Rafael de Avila Delucis, D. Gatto
ABSTRACT A wood-based polymer composite was manufactured and characterized using in situ polymerization of styrene into juvenile and mature pine wood. Treatment parameters and properties were evaluated by using infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and mechanical testing. Specimens treated by in-situ polymerization of styrene showed increased thermal stability as well as improved mechanical properties.
{"title":"Wood-polymer composites produced by in situ polymerization of styrene into juvenile and mature pine woods","authors":"A. Acosta, Ezequiel Gallio, H. Schulz, P. Zanatta, K. T. Barbosa, Rafael de Avila Delucis, D. Gatto","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1776486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1776486","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A wood-based polymer composite was manufactured and characterized using in situ polymerization of styrene into juvenile and mature pine wood. Treatment parameters and properties were evaluated by using infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and mechanical testing. Specimens treated by in-situ polymerization of styrene showed increased thermal stability as well as improved mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"204 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1776486","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46083603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1775758
Lies Indrayanti, G. Siska, I. Wardhani
ABSTRACT The anatomical and chemical properties of a lesser known species, Kawui wood, were investigated Two trees were examined based on IAWA, ASTM and SNI. A completely randomised design was used with radial direction of the trunk (sapwood and heartwood) as the factor, in three replications. It indicated the highest to lowest cell proportions are fibres, rays, vessels and parenchyma. The highest proportion of rays was in the sapwood, while the fibre was in the heartwood. However, the average fibre length in the sapwood was higher than the heartwood, while the lumen diameter showed the reverse. Holocellulose, α-cellulose, lignin, extractives, and ash content of the sapwood was higher than the heartwood. Based on its anatomical and chemical properties, Kawui wood can be included in grade II–IV, which is suitable for medium quality pulp and paper production.
{"title":"A preliminary investigation into the suitability of Kawui wood (Vernonia arborea) for pulp and paper","authors":"Lies Indrayanti, G. Siska, I. Wardhani","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1775758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1775758","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The anatomical and chemical properties of a lesser known species, Kawui wood, were investigated Two trees were examined based on IAWA, ASTM and SNI. A completely randomised design was used with radial direction of the trunk (sapwood and heartwood) as the factor, in three replications. It indicated the highest to lowest cell proportions are fibres, rays, vessels and parenchyma. The highest proportion of rays was in the sapwood, while the fibre was in the heartwood. However, the average fibre length in the sapwood was higher than the heartwood, while the lumen diameter showed the reverse. Holocellulose, α-cellulose, lignin, extractives, and ash content of the sapwood was higher than the heartwood. Based on its anatomical and chemical properties, Kawui wood can be included in grade II–IV, which is suitable for medium quality pulp and paper production.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"154 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1775758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43774482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-03DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1774851
Leon Rogers, Jed Cappellazzi, J. Morrell
ABSTRACT The effects of distance above ground on fungal colonization during air-seasoning were evaluated over time on blackgum (Nyssa spp.) and red oak (Quercus spp. Section Lobatae) ties 150, 200, and 300 mm from the ground by culturing increment cores removed from three locations on each of 200 ties over the seasoning period. Fungi were present in many ties at the start of seasoning. Fungal isolations steadily increased with time, but there were no significant differences in frequency for ties seasoned at different sill heights for either timber species. The results indicate that lowering the sill height had no noticeable effect on the rates of fungal colonization of the timber species tested.
{"title":"Effect of distance above-ground on fungal colonization of blackgum and red oak ties during air-seasoning","authors":"Leon Rogers, Jed Cappellazzi, J. Morrell","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1774851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1774851","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effects of distance above ground on fungal colonization during air-seasoning were evaluated over time on blackgum (Nyssa spp.) and red oak (Quercus spp. Section Lobatae) ties 150, 200, and 300 mm from the ground by culturing increment cores removed from three locations on each of 200 ties over the seasoning period. Fungi were present in many ties at the start of seasoning. Fungal isolations steadily increased with time, but there were no significant differences in frequency for ties seasoned at different sill heights for either timber species. The results indicate that lowering the sill height had no noticeable effect on the rates of fungal colonization of the timber species tested.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"146 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1774851","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46648652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-09DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1746889
S. Bhatta, K. Vahtikari, M. Hughes, M. Kyttä
ABSTRACT The tactile warmth quality of various untreated and modified wood surfaces was compared at a room temperature of 22°C using the Thurstone’s psychophysical method of paired comparison. The test surfaces included 12 varieties of untreated and modified wooden surfaces. A total of 17 participants took part in the experiments, in which they compared 33 specimen pairs arising from various surface combinations. The results demonstrated the considerable differences in tactile warmth quality among wood surfaces. Surface coatings, such as oil and varnish, and thermal modification induced a change in the tactile warmth of wood. In pine and birch, a decrease in the tactile warmth of the surface was readily perceived after surface densification. The results provide some insights into how materials could be selected, based on their warmth quality, to improve the thermal comfort of living spaces and suggesting that this could be achieved by the extensive use of wood.
{"title":"Investigating the tactile warmth of untreated and modified wood surfaces by measuring cold sensitivity in paired-comparison experiments","authors":"S. Bhatta, K. Vahtikari, M. Hughes, M. Kyttä","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1746889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1746889","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The tactile warmth quality of various untreated and modified wood surfaces was compared at a room temperature of 22°C using the Thurstone’s psychophysical method of paired comparison. The test surfaces included 12 varieties of untreated and modified wooden surfaces. A total of 17 participants took part in the experiments, in which they compared 33 specimen pairs arising from various surface combinations. The results demonstrated the considerable differences in tactile warmth quality among wood surfaces. Surface coatings, such as oil and varnish, and thermal modification induced a change in the tactile warmth of wood. In pine and birch, a decrease in the tactile warmth of the surface was readily perceived after surface densification. The results provide some insights into how materials could be selected, based on their warmth quality, to improve the thermal comfort of living spaces and suggesting that this could be achieved by the extensive use of wood.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"129 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1746889","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41747110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1748285
Phil Evans, A. Pimenta, A. Papadopoulos, A. Papa, Adrian Campbell, Benoit Ndere, Fang-Lin Chao, Gang-Lin Chao
It is difficult for students of wood and wood protection to visualise the structure of wood, let alone how preservatives might be distributed. LM has severe limitations on depth of field and other methods can involve time consuming preparation. In this paper, Phil Evans at the University of British Columbia, shows how virtual reality derived frommicro CT scans can help oversome these limitations.
{"title":"In This Issue","authors":"Phil Evans, A. Pimenta, A. Papadopoulos, A. Papa, Adrian Campbell, Benoit Ndere, Fang-Lin Chao, Gang-Lin Chao","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1748285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1748285","url":null,"abstract":"It is difficult for students of wood and wood protection to visualise the structure of wood, let alone how preservatives might be distributed. LM has severe limitations on depth of field and other methods can involve time consuming preparation. In this paper, Phil Evans at the University of British Columbia, shows how virtual reality derived frommicro CT scans can help oversome these limitations.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"43 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1748285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48786168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-11DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1738118
K. Olaoye, O. Okon-Akan
ABSTRACT This study aimed at estimating MOE of Boscia augustifolia wood using non-destructive longitudinal vibration acoustic method with the view to examining its reliability. Three trees of B. augustifolia were obtained, and samples of were collected for dynamic and static bending testing of the wood’s elasticity. The samples were stored for a month prior testing after oven dried. Mean values of dynamic (dMOE) and static modulus of elasticity (sMOE) of B. augustifolia wood obtained were 6.908 ± 0.7525 GPa and 6.9148 ± 0.5870 GPa, respectively. Analysis done showed no significant difference between the values from the two methods while regression model was significant with 0.65 coefficient of determination. Strong correlation of 0.81 was observed between the dMOE and sMOE. Meanwhile, wood density had a correlation of 0.73 and 0.50 with dMOE and sMOE respectively. The acoustic method used was considered reliable for determining MOE of the wood.
{"title":"Estimation of modulus of elasticity of Boscia angustifolia wood using longitudinal vibration acoustic method","authors":"K. Olaoye, O. Okon-Akan","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1738118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1738118","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed at estimating MOE of Boscia augustifolia wood using non-destructive longitudinal vibration acoustic method with the view to examining its reliability. Three trees of B. augustifolia were obtained, and samples of were collected for dynamic and static bending testing of the wood’s elasticity. The samples were stored for a month prior testing after oven dried. Mean values of dynamic (dMOE) and static modulus of elasticity (sMOE) of B. augustifolia wood obtained were 6.908 ± 0.7525 GPa and 6.9148 ± 0.5870 GPa, respectively. Analysis done showed no significant difference between the values from the two methods while regression model was significant with 0.65 coefficient of determination. Strong correlation of 0.81 was observed between the dMOE and sMOE. Meanwhile, wood density had a correlation of 0.73 and 0.50 with dMOE and sMOE respectively. The acoustic method used was considered reliable for determining MOE of the wood.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"122 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1738118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43071102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-10DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1737773
Dengcheng Feng, Yan Liu, M. Mazloomi, A. Limaye, M. Turner, P. Evans
ABSTRACT Medical students have enthusiastically embraced the use of virtual reality (VR) systems to help them understand the complex anatomy of body components. We hypothesize that students studying the structure and protection of wood will show similar acceptance of VR systems. We developed X-ray micro-CT models to show the distribution of silica in the Australian marine borer resistant timber, satinay and copper in treated pine. Students taking a course in wood protection used a VR device to explore the distribution of silica in satinay and copper in pine. Students were surveyed to assess their views on the system as a learning tool. The results showed that students were very positive about the VR system, and they frequently commented that the system was better than traditional methods at aiding understanding of wood structure/protection. We discuss the limitations and potential of our VR system as a learning tool for wood technology.
{"title":"A virtual reality system to augment teaching of wood structure and protection","authors":"Dengcheng Feng, Yan Liu, M. Mazloomi, A. Limaye, M. Turner, P. Evans","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1737773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1737773","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Medical students have enthusiastically embraced the use of virtual reality (VR) systems to help them understand the complex anatomy of body components. We hypothesize that students studying the structure and protection of wood will show similar acceptance of VR systems. We developed X-ray micro-CT models to show the distribution of silica in the Australian marine borer resistant timber, satinay and copper in treated pine. Students taking a course in wood protection used a VR device to explore the distribution of silica in satinay and copper in pine. Students were surveyed to assess their views on the system as a learning tool. The results showed that students were very positive about the VR system, and they frequently commented that the system was better than traditional methods at aiding understanding of wood structure/protection. We discuss the limitations and potential of our VR system as a learning tool for wood technology.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"46 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1737773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42579657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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