Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2018.1564182
J. Lamon
ABSTRACT The content of the review covers, first, generalities on creep. Then, the creep of ceramics and fibres, that are key constituents of fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are addressed. The general features of ceramic matrix composites that may influence the creep behaviour and creep rupture are discussed. Emphasis is placed on microstructure–property relationships and load sharing between fibres and matrix that are critical for CMCs. Then, creep tests and the creep behaviour of various types of fibre-reinforced composites are presented. Mechanisms and models are discussed. The influence of various factors including composite structure, constituent properties (matrix and fibres), interfacial properties and environmental conditions are examined. The paper focuses on non-oxide composites like SiC/SiC that received much attention during the last three decades. Creep of oxide ceramics, fibres and composites are addressed more briefly.
{"title":"Review: creep of fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composites","authors":"J. Lamon","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2018.1564182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2018.1564182","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The content of the review covers, first, generalities on creep. Then, the creep of ceramics and fibres, that are key constituents of fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are addressed. The general features of ceramic matrix composites that may influence the creep behaviour and creep rupture are discussed. Emphasis is placed on microstructure–property relationships and load sharing between fibres and matrix that are critical for CMCs. Then, creep tests and the creep behaviour of various types of fibre-reinforced composites are presented. Mechanisms and models are discussed. The influence of various factors including composite structure, constituent properties (matrix and fibres), interfacial properties and environmental conditions are examined. The paper focuses on non-oxide composites like SiC/SiC that received much attention during the last three decades. Creep of oxide ceramics, fibres and composites are addressed more briefly.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"65 1","pages":"28 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2018.1564182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42174057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-17DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2018.1543832
Jongpil Ye, D. Zuev, S. Makarov
ABSTRACT Recent progress in submicron- and nano-fabrication technologies has led to the emergence of novel photonic structures such as optical nanoantennas and metasurfaces. Real-life applications of these advanced photonic structures still require substantial improvement of the fabrication processes, in terms of their throughput and cost-effectiveness. Because of its simplicity and effectiveness, dewetting of a thin film has attained increasing attention as a feasible process for improving the scalability and productivity. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms and phenomenologies of dewetting to foster an improved fundamental understanding necessary for the optimisation of the dewetting process condition and template design. We then review the strategies demonstrating the use of templated-dewetting for producing well-aligned arrays of submicron- and nanostructures with great control over their size, shape and arrangement. Recent applications of dewetted structures in advanced nanophotonics are reviewed with an emphasis on the exploitation of dewetting mechanisms. Special attention is given to the fabrication of resonant optical nanoantennas and nanophotonic applications in which high repeatability and throughput are important parameters: sensing, colourisation, photovoltaics and nonlinear light frequency conversion. We expect this review to provide a basis for the use of thin-film dewetting to realise the industrial-level fabrication of various practical advanced photonic systems.
{"title":"Dewetting mechanisms and their exploitation for the large-scale fabrication of advanced nanophotonic systems","authors":"Jongpil Ye, D. Zuev, S. Makarov","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2018.1543832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2018.1543832","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent progress in submicron- and nano-fabrication technologies has led to the emergence of novel photonic structures such as optical nanoantennas and metasurfaces. Real-life applications of these advanced photonic structures still require substantial improvement of the fabrication processes, in terms of their throughput and cost-effectiveness. Because of its simplicity and effectiveness, dewetting of a thin film has attained increasing attention as a feasible process for improving the scalability and productivity. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms and phenomenologies of dewetting to foster an improved fundamental understanding necessary for the optimisation of the dewetting process condition and template design. We then review the strategies demonstrating the use of templated-dewetting for producing well-aligned arrays of submicron- and nanostructures with great control over their size, shape and arrangement. Recent applications of dewetted structures in advanced nanophotonics are reviewed with an emphasis on the exploitation of dewetting mechanisms. Special attention is given to the fabrication of resonant optical nanoantennas and nanophotonic applications in which high repeatability and throughput are important parameters: sensing, colourisation, photovoltaics and nonlinear light frequency conversion. We expect this review to provide a basis for the use of thin-film dewetting to realise the industrial-level fabrication of various practical advanced photonic systems.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"64 1","pages":"439 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2018.1543832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48991465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-20DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2019.1653520
Jaewook Shin, J. Seo, Riley Yaylian, A. Huang, Y. Meng
ABSTRACT The demand for the large-scale storage system has gained much interest. Among all the criteria for the large-scale electrical energy storage systems (EESSs), low cost ($ k Wh−1) is the focus where MnO2-based electrochemistry can be a competitive candidate. It is notable that MnO2 is one of the few materials that can be employed in various fields of EESSs: alkaline battery, supercapacitor, aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion battery, and metal-air battery. Yet, the technology still has bottlenecks and is short of commercialisation. Discovering key parameters impacting the energy storage and developing systematic characterisation methods for the MnO2 systems can benefit a wide spectrum of energy requirements. In this review, history, mechanism, bottlenecks, and solutions for using MnO2 in the four EESSs are summarised and future directions involving more in-depth mechanism studies are suggested.
{"title":"A review on mechanistic understanding of MnO2 in aqueous electrolyte for electrical energy storage systems","authors":"Jaewook Shin, J. Seo, Riley Yaylian, A. Huang, Y. Meng","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2019.1653520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2019.1653520","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The demand for the large-scale storage system has gained much interest. Among all the criteria for the large-scale electrical energy storage systems (EESSs), low cost ($ k Wh−1) is the focus where MnO2-based electrochemistry can be a competitive candidate. It is notable that MnO2 is one of the few materials that can be employed in various fields of EESSs: alkaline battery, supercapacitor, aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion battery, and metal-air battery. Yet, the technology still has bottlenecks and is short of commercialisation. Discovering key parameters impacting the energy storage and developing systematic characterisation methods for the MnO2 systems can benefit a wide spectrum of energy requirements. In this review, history, mechanism, bottlenecks, and solutions for using MnO2 in the four EESSs are summarised and future directions involving more in-depth mechanism studies are suggested.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"65 1","pages":"356 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2019.1653520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47677586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-19DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2018.1467365
Y. Swolfs, I. Verpoest, L. Gorbatikh
ABSTRACT Fibre-hybrid composites are composed of two or more fibre types in a matrix. Such composites offer more design freedom than non-hybrid composites. The aim is often to alleviate the drawbacks of one of the fibre types while keeping the benefits of the other. The hybridisation can also lead to synergetic effects or to properties that neither of the constituents possess. Even though fibre-hybrid composites are attractive, they also pose more challenges in terms of materials selection than conventional, single fibre type composites. This review analyses the mechanisms for synergetic effects provides guidance on the fibre and matrix selection and describes recent opportunities and trends. It finishes by describing the current applications, and by contrasting how the industrial use is different from the academic research.
{"title":"Recent advances in fibre-hybrid composites: materials selection, opportunities and applications","authors":"Y. Swolfs, I. Verpoest, L. Gorbatikh","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2018.1467365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2018.1467365","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fibre-hybrid composites are composed of two or more fibre types in a matrix. Such composites offer more design freedom than non-hybrid composites. The aim is often to alleviate the drawbacks of one of the fibre types while keeping the benefits of the other. The hybridisation can also lead to synergetic effects or to properties that neither of the constituents possess. Even though fibre-hybrid composites are attractive, they also pose more challenges in terms of materials selection than conventional, single fibre type composites. This review analyses the mechanisms for synergetic effects provides guidance on the fibre and matrix selection and describes recent opportunities and trends. It finishes by describing the current applications, and by contrasting how the industrial use is different from the academic research.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"64 1","pages":"181 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2018.1467365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47630758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-14DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2019.1613311
Matthew Way, J. Willingham, R. Goodall
ABSTRACT Brazing is a 5000-year-old joining process which still meets advanced joining challenges today. In brazing, components are joined by heating above the melting point of a filler metal placed between them; on solidification a joint is formed. It provides unique advantages over other joining methods, including the ability to join dissimilar material combinations (including metal-ceramic joints), with limited microstructural evolution; producing joints of relatively high strength which are often electrically and thermally conductive. Current interest in brazing is widespread with filler metal development key to enabling a range of future technologies including; fusion energy, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and nanoelectronics, whilst also assisting the advancement of established fields, such as automotive lightweighting, by tackling the challenges associated with joining aluminium to steels. This review discusses the theory and practice of brazing, with particular reference to filler metals, and covers progress in, and opportunities for, advanced filler metal development.
{"title":"Brazing filler metals","authors":"Matthew Way, J. Willingham, R. Goodall","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2019.1613311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2019.1613311","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Brazing is a 5000-year-old joining process which still meets advanced joining challenges today. In brazing, components are joined by heating above the melting point of a filler metal placed between them; on solidification a joint is formed. It provides unique advantages over other joining methods, including the ability to join dissimilar material combinations (including metal-ceramic joints), with limited microstructural evolution; producing joints of relatively high strength which are often electrically and thermally conductive. Current interest in brazing is widespread with filler metal development key to enabling a range of future technologies including; fusion energy, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and nanoelectronics, whilst also assisting the advancement of established fields, such as automotive lightweighting, by tackling the challenges associated with joining aluminium to steels. This review discusses the theory and practice of brazing, with particular reference to filler metals, and covers progress in, and opportunities for, advanced filler metal development.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"65 1","pages":"257 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2019.1613311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42934990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2018.1476079
Yunfeng Shi
ABSTRACT Metallic glasses (MGs) are arguably one of the most exciting metallic systems in the past 30 years, attracting significant research effort and undergoing rapid development. Parallel to research on crystalline metals, the sample size has been exploited as property-tuning parameters for MGs. It has been shown that nanometre-sized MG samples exhibit higher-than-bulk elastic limit, tensile strength, and non-zero tensile ductility. While some of the size-related observations have been generally accepted, others have been poorly understood, even hotly debated. Of particular interests is the importance of sample preparation in experiments and model generation in simulations. Here, we will review how the sample size affects mechanical properties including the elastic, plastic, fracture properties, and fatigue endurance, as well as various proposed size-dependent mechanisms and relevant length scales.
{"title":"Size-dependent mechanical responses of metallic glasses","authors":"Yunfeng Shi","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2018.1476079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2018.1476079","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Metallic glasses (MGs) are arguably one of the most exciting metallic systems in the past 30 years, attracting significant research effort and undergoing rapid development. Parallel to research on crystalline metals, the sample size has been exploited as property-tuning parameters for MGs. It has been shown that nanometre-sized MG samples exhibit higher-than-bulk elastic limit, tensile strength, and non-zero tensile ductility. While some of the size-related observations have been generally accepted, others have been poorly understood, even hotly debated. Of particular interests is the importance of sample preparation in experiments and model generation in simulations. Here, we will review how the sample size affects mechanical properties including the elastic, plastic, fracture properties, and fatigue endurance, as well as various proposed size-dependent mechanisms and relevant length scales.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"64 1","pages":"163 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2018.1476079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45900786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2018.1466492
T. W. Clyne, S. Troughton
ABSTRACT The review describes recent progress on understanding and quantification of the various phenomena that take place during plasma electrolytic oxidation, which is in increasing industrial use for production of protective coatings and other surface treatment purposes. A general overview of the process and some information about usage of these coatings are provided in the first part of the review. The focus is then on the dielectric breakdown that repeatedly occurs over the surface of the work-piece. These discharges are central to the process, since it is largely via the associated plasmas that oxidation of the substrate takes place and the coating is created. The details are complex, since the discharge characteristics are affected by a number of processing variables. The inter-relationships between electrical conditions, electrolyte composition, coating microstructure and rates of growth, which are linked via the characteristics of the discharges, have become clearer over recent years and these improvements in understanding are summarised here. There is considerable scope for more effective process control, with specific objectives in terms of coating performance and energy efficiency, and an attempt is made to identify key points that are likely to assist this.
{"title":"A review of recent work on discharge characteristics during plasma electrolytic oxidation of various metals","authors":"T. W. Clyne, S. Troughton","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2018.1466492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2018.1466492","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The review describes recent progress on understanding and quantification of the various phenomena that take place during plasma electrolytic oxidation, which is in increasing industrial use for production of protective coatings and other surface treatment purposes. A general overview of the process and some information about usage of these coatings are provided in the first part of the review. The focus is then on the dielectric breakdown that repeatedly occurs over the surface of the work-piece. These discharges are central to the process, since it is largely via the associated plasmas that oxidation of the substrate takes place and the coating is created. The details are complex, since the discharge characteristics are affected by a number of processing variables. The inter-relationships between electrical conditions, electrolyte composition, coating microstructure and rates of growth, which are linked via the characteristics of the discharges, have become clearer over recent years and these improvements in understanding are summarised here. There is considerable scope for more effective process control, with specific objectives in terms of coating performance and energy efficiency, and an attempt is made to identify key points that are likely to assist this.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"64 1","pages":"127 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2018.1466492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46690170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-17DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2018.1460943
N. Iqbal, A. Khan, A. Asif, M. Yar, J. Haycock, I. Rehman
ABSTRACT Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are emerging as future approaches for the treatment of acute and chronic diseases. Numerous clinical conditions exist today and include congenital disorders, trauma, infection, inflammation, and cancer, in which hard and soft tissue damage, organ failure and loss are still not treated effectively. Researchers are constantly developing new biomaterials and tissue-engineered technologies to stimulate tissue regeneration. Various emerging approaches according to organ, tissue, disease and disorder are identified. Irrespective, engineered biomaterials are required to regenerate and ultimately reproduce the original physiological, biological, chemical, and mechanical properties. Biodegradable materials have been used extensively as regenerative therapies. The selection, design, biological and physicochemical properties of these materials are important and must be considered for stimulating tissue growth. In this review, we critique recently developed biodegradable materials for tissue regeneration of some targeted organs e.g., skin, nerves, blood vessels, heart, cornea, trachea, dental/oral structure and bones.
{"title":"Recent concepts in biodegradable polymers for tissue engineering paradigms: a critical review","authors":"N. Iqbal, A. Khan, A. Asif, M. Yar, J. Haycock, I. Rehman","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2018.1460943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2018.1460943","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are emerging as future approaches for the treatment of acute and chronic diseases. Numerous clinical conditions exist today and include congenital disorders, trauma, infection, inflammation, and cancer, in which hard and soft tissue damage, organ failure and loss are still not treated effectively. Researchers are constantly developing new biomaterials and tissue-engineered technologies to stimulate tissue regeneration. Various emerging approaches according to organ, tissue, disease and disorder are identified. Irrespective, engineered biomaterials are required to regenerate and ultimately reproduce the original physiological, biological, chemical, and mechanical properties. Biodegradable materials have been used extensively as regenerative therapies. The selection, design, biological and physicochemical properties of these materials are important and must be considered for stimulating tissue growth. In this review, we critique recently developed biodegradable materials for tissue regeneration of some targeted organs e.g., skin, nerves, blood vessels, heart, cornea, trachea, dental/oral structure and bones.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"64 1","pages":"126 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2019-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2018.1460943","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45722683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-17DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2018.1446280
Olivia L. Lanier, Adam G Monsalve, P. McFetridge, J. Dobson
ABSTRACT The development of platforms for the controlled release of therapeutic molecules remains a crucial research focus, as controlled release reduces the frequency of administration, minimizes side effects and improves compliance. However, biological conditions and diseases with a progression that exhibits strong temporal dependence, or those that can result in the evolution of tolerance to the therapeutic during continuous exposure, require the development of sophisticated release systems tailored to the needs to the individual and the disease. Thus, there has been emphasis on the development of platforms with remotely controlled release mechanisms. Specifically, magnetically triggered release utilizes magnetic nanoparticles as the remote control modality. Many reviews discuss the magnetically triggered release of small molecule drugs, however, the release of biomacromolecules has not been reviewed. This review examines the limited work on the magnetically triggered release of biomacromolecules and the challenges associated with their delivery. Important material parameters that have been used in this pursuit are discussed.
{"title":"Magnetically triggered release of biologics","authors":"Olivia L. Lanier, Adam G Monsalve, P. McFetridge, J. Dobson","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2018.1446280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2018.1446280","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The development of platforms for the controlled release of therapeutic molecules remains a crucial research focus, as controlled release reduces the frequency of administration, minimizes side effects and improves compliance. However, biological conditions and diseases with a progression that exhibits strong temporal dependence, or those that can result in the evolution of tolerance to the therapeutic during continuous exposure, require the development of sophisticated release systems tailored to the needs to the individual and the disease. Thus, there has been emphasis on the development of platforms with remotely controlled release mechanisms. Specifically, magnetically triggered release utilizes magnetic nanoparticles as the remote control modality. Many reviews discuss the magnetically triggered release of small molecule drugs, however, the release of biomacromolecules has not been reviewed. This review examines the limited work on the magnetically triggered release of biomacromolecules and the challenges associated with their delivery. Important material parameters that have been used in this pursuit are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"64 1","pages":"63 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2019-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2018.1446280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44679006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-11DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2018.1560984
H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
ABSTRACT Cementite occurs in steels, in meteorites, possibly at the core of the Earth and has uses in its pure form. It's composition can deviate from , but not by much because the Fe–C bond contributes to its cohesion. Its crystallographic unit cell is orthorhombic and primitive, with large lattice parameters, explaining its hardness. Many of its properties are anisotropic. Its single-crystal elastic properties have been investigated using first-principles calculations and by clever experiments. The iron atoms in the cell occupy two types of positions with different point symmetries; the four carbon atoms lodge within prismatic interstices. The structure can develop defects such as dislocations, faults and vacancies. Cementite is metallic and ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature of about 187C. When alloyed, metallic solutes substitute on to the iron sites; smaller atoms such as boron replace carbon at interstitial sites. This review focuses on cementite as a single phase.
{"title":"Cementite","authors":"H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2018.1560984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2018.1560984","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cementite occurs in steels, in meteorites, possibly at the core of the Earth and has uses in its pure form. It's composition can deviate from , but not by much because the Fe–C bond contributes to its cohesion. Its crystallographic unit cell is orthorhombic and primitive, with large lattice parameters, explaining its hardness. Many of its properties are anisotropic. Its single-crystal elastic properties have been investigated using first-principles calculations and by clever experiments. The iron atoms in the cell occupy two types of positions with different point symmetries; the four carbon atoms lodge within prismatic interstices. The structure can develop defects such as dislocations, faults and vacancies. Cementite is metallic and ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature of about 187C. When alloyed, metallic solutes substitute on to the iron sites; smaller atoms such as boron replace carbon at interstitial sites. This review focuses on cementite as a single phase.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"65 1","pages":"1 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2018.1560984","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45590627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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