Pub Date : 2020-11-16DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2019.1653569
K. Lu
ABSTRACT Inorganic and organic hybrids are a class of new materials that are purposely designed and arranged at individual species levels (often at nanoscale) to provide new morphological attributes and properties. This review is intended to offer a systematic discussion and understanding of nanoparticle–polymer hybrid materials. First, integration of nanoparticles and organic matrices is explained from two aspects: mixing of nanoparticles and organic matrix materials and in-situ formation of hybrids; the latter includes both in-situ nanoparticle formation and in-situ polymerisation. Traditional processing techniques for hybrids, such as spin coating and casting, are briefly reviewed followed by more detailed discussion on patterning through self-organisation, laser-induced patterning, and nanoimprint lithographic moulding. The extraordinary potentials of hybrids in existing property improvement and new property creation, including mechanical property, electronic property, optical property, catalytic property, magnetic property, and sensing property are presented. Lastly, opportunities and challenges for future hybrid material development are provided.
{"title":"Hybrid materials – a review on co-dispersion, processing, patterning, and properties","authors":"K. Lu","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2019.1653569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2019.1653569","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Inorganic and organic hybrids are a class of new materials that are purposely designed and arranged at individual species levels (often at nanoscale) to provide new morphological attributes and properties. This review is intended to offer a systematic discussion and understanding of nanoparticle–polymer hybrid materials. First, integration of nanoparticles and organic matrices is explained from two aspects: mixing of nanoparticles and organic matrix materials and in-situ formation of hybrids; the latter includes both in-situ nanoparticle formation and in-situ polymerisation. Traditional processing techniques for hybrids, such as spin coating and casting, are briefly reviewed followed by more detailed discussion on patterning through self-organisation, laser-induced patterning, and nanoimprint lithographic moulding. The extraordinary potentials of hybrids in existing property improvement and new property creation, including mechanical property, electronic property, optical property, catalytic property, magnetic property, and sensing property are presented. Lastly, opportunities and challenges for future hybrid material development are provided.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"65 1","pages":"463 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2019.1653569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44632718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2020.1845110
Peiyuan Zuo, A. P. Vassilopoulos
ABSTRACT Fatigue of structural adhesives has been investigated through joints and a little number of works investigate bulk adhesive behaviour itself. Aerospace and automotive engineering focuses more on joint configuration studies, which are correlated with practical applications. Previous works showed that for thin adhesive joints, material properties measured by bulk adhesive testing and joint testing are similar despite the triaxial stress states developing in the adhesive bondlines. However, with the introduction of structural adhesives in construction industry, thicker bondlines have emerged where the bulk adhesive material dominates the joint behaviour. This review work summarises works on the fatigue of bulk structural adhesives used mainly in the construction industry investigating structural adhesives fatigue behaviour either through experiment on joints or on bulk adhesive specimens. The work focuses on thick adhesive bondlines in joints, and discusses the controversy that is over whether adhesive properties from joints or from bulk material should be used.
{"title":"Review of fatigue of bulk structural adhesives and thick adhesive joints","authors":"Peiyuan Zuo, A. P. Vassilopoulos","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2020.1845110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2020.1845110","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fatigue of structural adhesives has been investigated through joints and a little number of works investigate bulk adhesive behaviour itself. Aerospace and automotive engineering focuses more on joint configuration studies, which are correlated with practical applications. Previous works showed that for thin adhesive joints, material properties measured by bulk adhesive testing and joint testing are similar despite the triaxial stress states developing in the adhesive bondlines. However, with the introduction of structural adhesives in construction industry, thicker bondlines have emerged where the bulk adhesive material dominates the joint behaviour. This review work summarises works on the fatigue of bulk structural adhesives used mainly in the construction industry investigating structural adhesives fatigue behaviour either through experiment on joints or on bulk adhesive specimens. The work focuses on thick adhesive bondlines in joints, and discusses the controversy that is over whether adhesive properties from joints or from bulk material should be used.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"66 1","pages":"313 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2020.1845110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46594876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2020.1824414
A. Nieto, R. Agrawal, L. Bravo, Clara Hofmeister-Mock, M. Pepi, A. Ghoshal
ABSTRACT This review critically examines the current understanding of calcia–magnesia–alumina–silicate (CMAS) degradation mechanisms and mitigation approaches in thermal and environmental barrier coatings. First, the review introduces case studies of field returned engine components exposed to CMAS attack, followed by fundamental aspects of CMAS-induced degradation. Understanding CMAS adhesion, infiltration, spallation mechanics, and thermochemical attack mechanisms is crucial to designing materials approaches to mitigate CMAS attack. CMAS mitigation strategies have focused on reactive approaches aimed at crystallising molten CMAS at the earliest stage possible to inhibit infiltration. Promising approaches are presented, starting with fundamental reaction kinetics studies, followed by the effects of microstructure in actual coatings systems. Salient results on coating systems tested in various burner rigs and a full engine test are presented to benchmark the success of various mitigation strategies. Lastly, several key future research areas are presented in order to provide a roadmap towards ‘sandphobic’ thermal and environmental barrier systems.
{"title":"Calcia–magnesia–alumina–silicate (CMAS) attack mechanisms and roadmap towards Sandphobic thermal and environmental barrier coatings","authors":"A. Nieto, R. Agrawal, L. Bravo, Clara Hofmeister-Mock, M. Pepi, A. Ghoshal","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2020.1824414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2020.1824414","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This review critically examines the current understanding of calcia–magnesia–alumina–silicate (CMAS) degradation mechanisms and mitigation approaches in thermal and environmental barrier coatings. First, the review introduces case studies of field returned engine components exposed to CMAS attack, followed by fundamental aspects of CMAS-induced degradation. Understanding CMAS adhesion, infiltration, spallation mechanics, and thermochemical attack mechanisms is crucial to designing materials approaches to mitigate CMAS attack. CMAS mitigation strategies have focused on reactive approaches aimed at crystallising molten CMAS at the earliest stage possible to inhibit infiltration. Promising approaches are presented, starting with fundamental reaction kinetics studies, followed by the effects of microstructure in actual coatings systems. Salient results on coating systems tested in various burner rigs and a full engine test are presented to benchmark the success of various mitigation strategies. Lastly, several key future research areas are presented in order to provide a roadmap towards ‘sandphobic’ thermal and environmental barrier systems.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"66 1","pages":"451 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2020.1824414","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48892171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2020.1831299
M. A. U. Rehman, M. A. U. Rehman, Qian Chen, A. Braem, M. Shaffer, A. Boccaccini
ABSTRACT Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a powerful technique to assemble carbon nanotube (CNT) coatings and composite films with controlled architectures. This comprehensive review of the EPD of CNTs and CNT-containing composites focuses on achievements within the last 15 years and ongoing challenges. Stable CNT suspensions are a pre-requisite for successful EPD and have been prepared by a variety of strategies, discussed here. The resulting film microstructure is determined by the initial feedstock, the suspension, and the EPD approach applied, as well as a variety of EPD processing parameters. Nanocomposites can be prepared via co-deposition, sequential deposition, or post-deposition treatments, to introduce metallic, ceramic or polymeric phases. There are numerous potential applications for both homogeneous and patterned CNT films, including as structural reinforcements for composites, as field emission, energy storage and conversion devices, as well as in biomedical applications. The advantages and disadvantages of EPD processing in these contexts are discussed.
{"title":"Electrophoretic deposition of carbon nanotubes: recent progress and remaining challenges","authors":"M. A. U. Rehman, M. A. U. Rehman, Qian Chen, A. Braem, M. Shaffer, A. Boccaccini","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2020.1831299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2020.1831299","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a powerful technique to assemble carbon nanotube (CNT) coatings and composite films with controlled architectures. This comprehensive review of the EPD of CNTs and CNT-containing composites focuses on achievements within the last 15 years and ongoing challenges. Stable CNT suspensions are a pre-requisite for successful EPD and have been prepared by a variety of strategies, discussed here. The resulting film microstructure is determined by the initial feedstock, the suspension, and the EPD approach applied, as well as a variety of EPD processing parameters. Nanocomposites can be prepared via co-deposition, sequential deposition, or post-deposition treatments, to introduce metallic, ceramic or polymeric phases. There are numerous potential applications for both homogeneous and patterned CNT films, including as structural reinforcements for composites, as field emission, energy storage and conversion devices, as well as in biomedical applications. The advantages and disadvantages of EPD processing in these contexts are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"66 1","pages":"533 - 562"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2020.1831299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45713193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-13DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2020.1830665
Rui Zhang, B. Han, T. Lu
ABSTRACT Ceramic materials have been extensively used as armour materials for nearly 50 years and continue to attract great interest in the field of defense technology. As confinement is crucial for ceramics to achieve enhanced performance, it has become indispensable in ceramic armour systems. This review aims to explore the effects of a wide variety of confinement on ceramic performance, so as to provide scientific insights for further exploration and development of ceramic materials and ceramic-based armour systems for both researchers and engineers. This work first characterises multiaxial compressive experiments of ceramics, explores confinement-induced brittle to ductile transition, and presents pressure-dependent micromechanical and phenomenological constitutive models. Subsequently, the change of fracture mode under compression and the reduction of damage extent under projectile impact are separately discussed. Enhancement in ballistic performance by confining and prestressing ceramics is also introduced, with corresponding physical mechanisms explored. Last but not least, insights into future opportunities and challenges are presented.
{"title":"Confinement effects on compressive and ballistic performance of ceramics: a review","authors":"Rui Zhang, B. Han, T. Lu","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2020.1830665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2020.1830665","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ceramic materials have been extensively used as armour materials for nearly 50 years and continue to attract great interest in the field of defense technology. As confinement is crucial for ceramics to achieve enhanced performance, it has become indispensable in ceramic armour systems. This review aims to explore the effects of a wide variety of confinement on ceramic performance, so as to provide scientific insights for further exploration and development of ceramic materials and ceramic-based armour systems for both researchers and engineers. This work first characterises multiaxial compressive experiments of ceramics, explores confinement-induced brittle to ductile transition, and presents pressure-dependent micromechanical and phenomenological constitutive models. Subsequently, the change of fracture mode under compression and the reduction of damage extent under projectile impact are separately discussed. Enhancement in ballistic performance by confining and prestressing ceramics is also introduced, with corresponding physical mechanisms explored. Last but not least, insights into future opportunities and challenges are presented.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"66 1","pages":"287 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2020.1830665","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43449406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-08DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2020.1821485
Robert P. Minneci, E. Lass, J. Bunn, H. Choo, C. Rawn
ABSTRACT This review examines the development and current state of Cu-rich Cu–Cr–Nb alloys commonly referred to as GRCop or Glenn Research copper alloys with emphasis on Cu–8Cr–4Nb (at%), or GRCop-84, and Cu–4Cr–2Nb, or GRCop-42. Recent additive manufacturing efforts have increased interest in GRCop alloys, and full-scale hardware has been fabricated using AM techniques and practical hot-fire tests have been conducted, but structure–property relationships are still under development. The development, processing, and current microstructure-property relationships of GRCop alloys are reviewed along with comparisons to similar high-heat-flux Cu alloys including NARloy-Z, GlidCop Al-15, AMZIRC, Cu–1Cr–0.1Zr, and Cu–0.9Cr. The review concludes with an assessment of future prospects for GRCop alloys and overview of advantages provided by additive manufacturing.
{"title":"Copper-based alloys for structural high-heat-flux applications: a review of development, properties, and performance of Cu-rich Cu–Cr–Nb alloys","authors":"Robert P. Minneci, E. Lass, J. Bunn, H. Choo, C. Rawn","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2020.1821485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2020.1821485","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This review examines the development and current state of Cu-rich Cu–Cr–Nb alloys commonly referred to as GRCop or Glenn Research copper alloys with emphasis on Cu–8Cr–4Nb (at%), or GRCop-84, and Cu–4Cr–2Nb, or GRCop-42. Recent additive manufacturing efforts have increased interest in GRCop alloys, and full-scale hardware has been fabricated using AM techniques and practical hot-fire tests have been conducted, but structure–property relationships are still under development. The development, processing, and current microstructure-property relationships of GRCop alloys are reviewed along with comparisons to similar high-heat-flux Cu alloys including NARloy-Z, GlidCop Al-15, AMZIRC, Cu–1Cr–0.1Zr, and Cu–0.9Cr. The review concludes with an assessment of future prospects for GRCop alloys and overview of advantages provided by additive manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"66 1","pages":"394 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2020.1821485","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49521753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2019.1652006
J. Binner, M. Porter, B. Baker, J. Zou, V. Venkatachalam, Virtudes Rubio Diaz, A. D’Angiò, P. Ramanujam, Tailin Zhang, T. Murthy
ABSTRACT Composites are, in general, a rapidly evolving and growing technical field with a very wide range of applications across the aerospace, defence, energy, medical and transport sectors as a result of their superior mechanical and physical properties. Ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites, UHTCMCs, are a new subfield within the wider grouping of CMCs that offer applications in rocket and hypersonic vehicle components, particularly nozzles, leading edges and engine components. The design and development of structural materials for use in oxidising and rapid heating environments at temperatures above 1600°C is therefore of both great scientific and engineering importance. UHTC materials are typically considered to be the carbides, nitrides, and borides of the transition metals, but the Group IV compounds (Zr, Hf & Ti) plus TaC are generally considered to be the main focus of research due to the superior melting temperatures and stable high-melting temperature oxide that forms in situ. This review presents the selection, processing, properties, applications, outlook and future directions of UHTCMCs.
{"title":"Selection, processing, properties and applications of ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites, UHTCMCs – a review","authors":"J. Binner, M. Porter, B. Baker, J. Zou, V. Venkatachalam, Virtudes Rubio Diaz, A. D’Angiò, P. Ramanujam, Tailin Zhang, T. Murthy","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2019.1652006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2019.1652006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Composites are, in general, a rapidly evolving and growing technical field with a very wide range of applications across the aerospace, defence, energy, medical and transport sectors as a result of their superior mechanical and physical properties. Ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites, UHTCMCs, are a new subfield within the wider grouping of CMCs that offer applications in rocket and hypersonic vehicle components, particularly nozzles, leading edges and engine components. The design and development of structural materials for use in oxidising and rapid heating environments at temperatures above 1600°C is therefore of both great scientific and engineering importance. UHTC materials are typically considered to be the carbides, nitrides, and borides of the transition metals, but the Group IV compounds (Zr, Hf & Ti) plus TaC are generally considered to be the main focus of research due to the superior melting temperatures and stable high-melting temperature oxide that forms in situ. This review presents the selection, processing, properties, applications, outlook and future directions of UHTCMCs.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"65 1","pages":"389 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2019.1652006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43636769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2020.1825175
N. K. Katiyar, K. Biswas, C. Tiwary
ABSTRACT The milling of materials at cryogenic temperature has gained importance both in academic as well as the industrial community in the last two decades, primarily because of distinct advantages of this technique as compared to milling at room temperature; environmental friendly nature, cost-effectiveness, rapid grain refinement, less contamination, and large scale production capability of various nanomaterials. Scientifically, milling at cryo-temperature exhibits several distinct material related phenomena; suppression of recovery and recrystallisation, predominant fracture over cold welding, significantly low oxidation, and contamination, leading to rapid grain refinement. Cryomilling has extensively been used to obtain finer scale powder of spices for the preservation of aroma, medicines for effective dissolution, or amorphisation. It has been considered an environmentally friendly process as it utilises benign liquid nitrogen or argon without discharging any toxic entity. The present review is intended to provide various scientific as well as technological aspects of cryomilling, environmental impact, and future direction.
{"title":"Cryomilling as environmentally friendly synthesis route to prepare nanomaterials","authors":"N. K. Katiyar, K. Biswas, C. Tiwary","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2020.1825175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2020.1825175","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The milling of materials at cryogenic temperature has gained importance both in academic as well as the industrial community in the last two decades, primarily because of distinct advantages of this technique as compared to milling at room temperature; environmental friendly nature, cost-effectiveness, rapid grain refinement, less contamination, and large scale production capability of various nanomaterials. Scientifically, milling at cryo-temperature exhibits several distinct material related phenomena; suppression of recovery and recrystallisation, predominant fracture over cold welding, significantly low oxidation, and contamination, leading to rapid grain refinement. Cryomilling has extensively been used to obtain finer scale powder of spices for the preservation of aroma, medicines for effective dissolution, or amorphisation. It has been considered an environmentally friendly process as it utilises benign liquid nitrogen or argon without discharging any toxic entity. The present review is intended to provide various scientific as well as technological aspects of cryomilling, environmental impact, and future direction.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"66 1","pages":"493 - 532"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2020.1825175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43927762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2020.1819688
Chao Yang, I. Baker
ABSTRACT Directional recrystallisation processing is a solid-state process in which a specimen traverses a sharp hot zone and one or a few grains grow as they pass through the hot zone. The mechanism can be either a primary recrystallisation or secondary recrystallisation process, or a combination of both. The mechanism can be either primary recrystallisation or secondary recrystallisation process, or a combination of both. Directional recrystallisation was invented more than 80 years ago to achieve columnar grain structures or single crystals that have enhanced mechanical properties. This review discusses the effects of both processing parameters, including the temperature gradient, hot-zone velocity, and annealing temperature, and microstructural parameters, including stored energy, grain size, initial texture, solutes, and both soluble and insoluble particles, on the resulting microstructures. The results of simulations of directional recrystallisation, including Monte Carlo simulations, Front-Tracking methods, and phase-field simulations, are also reviewed. Finally, the effects of directional recrystallisation on material properties are discussed.
{"title":"Directional recrystallisation processing: a review","authors":"Chao Yang, I. Baker","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2020.1819688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2020.1819688","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Directional recrystallisation processing is a solid-state process in which a specimen traverses a sharp hot zone and one or a few grains grow as they pass through the hot zone. The mechanism can be either a primary recrystallisation or secondary recrystallisation process, or a combination of both. The mechanism can be either primary recrystallisation or secondary recrystallisation process, or a combination of both. Directional recrystallisation was invented more than 80 years ago to achieve columnar grain structures or single crystals that have enhanced mechanical properties. This review discusses the effects of both processing parameters, including the temperature gradient, hot-zone velocity, and annealing temperature, and microstructural parameters, including stored energy, grain size, initial texture, solutes, and both soluble and insoluble particles, on the resulting microstructures. The results of simulations of directional recrystallisation, including Monte Carlo simulations, Front-Tracking methods, and phase-field simulations, are also reviewed. Finally, the effects of directional recrystallisation on material properties are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"66 1","pages":"256 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2020.1819688","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47149996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-08DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2020.1815394
Pengcheng Jiao, A. Alavi
ABSTRACT Mechanical metamaterials have opened an exciting venue for control and manipulation of architected structures in recent years. Research in the area of mechanical metamaterials has covered many of their fabrication, mechanism characterisation and application aspects. More recently, however, a paradigm shift has emerged to an exciting research direction towards designing, optimising and characterising mechanical metamaterials using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. This new line of research aims at addressing the difficulties in mechanical metamaterials (i.e. design, analysis, fabrication and industrial application). This review article discusses the advent and development of mechanical metamaterials, and the future trends of applying AI to obtain smart mechanical metamaterials with programmable mechanical response. We explain why architected materials and structures have prominent advantages, what are the main challenges in the mechanical metamaterial research domain, and how to surpass the limit of mechanical metamaterials via the AI techniques. We finally envision the potential research avenues and emerging trends for using the AI-enabled mechanical metamaterials for future innovations.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence-enabled smart mechanical metamaterials: advent and future trends","authors":"Pengcheng Jiao, A. Alavi","doi":"10.1080/09506608.2020.1815394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2020.1815394","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mechanical metamaterials have opened an exciting venue for control and manipulation of architected structures in recent years. Research in the area of mechanical metamaterials has covered many of their fabrication, mechanism characterisation and application aspects. More recently, however, a paradigm shift has emerged to an exciting research direction towards designing, optimising and characterising mechanical metamaterials using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. This new line of research aims at addressing the difficulties in mechanical metamaterials (i.e. design, analysis, fabrication and industrial application). This review article discusses the advent and development of mechanical metamaterials, and the future trends of applying AI to obtain smart mechanical metamaterials with programmable mechanical response. We explain why architected materials and structures have prominent advantages, what are the main challenges in the mechanical metamaterial research domain, and how to surpass the limit of mechanical metamaterials via the AI techniques. We finally envision the potential research avenues and emerging trends for using the AI-enabled mechanical metamaterials for future innovations.","PeriodicalId":14427,"journal":{"name":"International Materials Reviews","volume":"66 1","pages":"365 - 393"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09506608.2020.1815394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47300159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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