Daryna Sokolova, Alexandra Kravets, V. Zhuk, Ludmila Hlushchenko
In a series of experiments using both X-ray and UV-C radiation exposure a parallel study of several pharmacological characteristics of the Matricaria chamomilla L. genotype group was carried out. The data concerning the changes in the productivity of pharmacological raw materials and stimulation of the synthesis of low molecular weight antioxidants as markers of secondary metabolism induction have been published earlier. In this study, the data on the relationship between the stimulation of the synthesis of secondary metabolites under different types of irradiation and the epigenetic changes in the plant organism are presented. It was shown that DNA methylation was switched to the de novo mode in plants of all studied genotypes of M. chamomilla under both types of irradiation. That indicates changes in the epigenetic program of the plant organism. Comparison of the epigenetic pattern between control and irradiated samples, based on the difference in DNA methylation patterns in terms of a statistical indicator, shows that there is no unambiguous relationship between the epigenetic changes and increasing yield of antioxidant synthesis. This is additional evidence of the diversity of metabolic rearrangements and adaptive strategies of the plant organism under radiation exposure even within one species.
在一系列使用 X 射线和紫外线-C 辐射照射的实验中，对母菊基因型组的若干药理特性进行了平行研究。有关药用原料生产率的变化和刺激低分子量抗氧化剂合成的数据作为二次新陈代谢诱导的标志已在早些时候发表。本研究介绍了在不同类型辐照下刺激次生代谢物合成与植物机体表观遗传变化之间关系的数据。研究表明，在两种类型的辐照下，所研究的所有洋甘菊基因型的植物中，DNA 甲基化都转入了从头模式。这表明植物机体的表观遗传程序发生了变化。根据统计指标 DNA 甲基化模式的差异，比较对照样本和辐照样本的表观遗传模式，结果表明表观遗传变化与抗氧化剂合成产量的增加之间没有明确的关系。这进一步证明，即使在同一物种中，植物机体在辐照下的代谢重排和适应策略也是多种多样的。
{"title":"Epigenetic factors of the effect of UV-C and X-ray presowing seeds radiation exposure in Matricaria chamomilla L. genotypes","authors":"Daryna Sokolova, Alexandra Kravets, V. Zhuk, Ludmila Hlushchenko","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1358437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1358437","url":null,"abstract":"In a series of experiments using both X-ray and UV-C radiation exposure a parallel study of several pharmacological characteristics of the Matricaria chamomilla L. genotype group was carried out. The data concerning the changes in the productivity of pharmacological raw materials and stimulation of the synthesis of low molecular weight antioxidants as markers of secondary metabolism induction have been published earlier. In this study, the data on the relationship between the stimulation of the synthesis of secondary metabolites under different types of irradiation and the epigenetic changes in the plant organism are presented. It was shown that DNA methylation was switched to the de novo mode in plants of all studied genotypes of M. chamomilla under both types of irradiation. That indicates changes in the epigenetic program of the plant organism. Comparison of the epigenetic pattern between control and irradiated samples, based on the difference in DNA methylation patterns in terms of a statistical indicator, shows that there is no unambiguous relationship between the epigenetic changes and increasing yield of antioxidant synthesis. This is additional evidence of the diversity of metabolic rearrangements and adaptive strategies of the plant organism under radiation exposure even within one species.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"85 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The medicinal value of medicinal plants lies in some bioactive constituents that produce a definite physiological action on the human body. Heliotropium verdcourtii is a deciduous shrub or small tree traditionally used in the treatment of various diseases including fever, dry cough, measles, convulsions, epilepsy, diarrhea, and other ailments. The chemical constituents of the roots of the plant were not investigated to date. The aim of the study was to investigate the phytochemicals present in the roots of Heliotropium verdcourtii. The freshly collected root of the plant was chopped and air dried under shade. The dried and finely grounded plant root was extracted through maceration with n-hexane, chloroform/methanol (v/v 1:1), and methanol successively. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical tests for screening the classes of secondary metabolites present in the plant. Compound isolation of the chloroform/methanol (v/v 1:1) extract was performed through silica gel chromatographic separation. The structures of all isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods as well as comparison with previous reports in the literature. The yields of n-hexane, chloroform/methanol (v/v 1:1), and methanol extracts were 2.2 g (0.4%), 25 g (5.0%), and 19.8 g (4.0%), respectively. The qualitative phytochemical test of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, saponins, glycosides and alkaloids. Silica gel chromatographic separation afforded a mixture of three isomeric triterpenoids identified as α-amyrin, β-amyrin, and bauerenol. To the best of our knowledge these bioactive compounds were isolated from the root of this plant, for the first time.
{"title":"Phytochemical constituents of the roots of Heliotropium verdcourtii (Boraginaceae)","authors":"T. Tole, Habtamu Hailu Feso, L. Adane","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1301392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1301392","url":null,"abstract":"The medicinal value of medicinal plants lies in some bioactive constituents that produce a definite physiological action on the human body. Heliotropium verdcourtii is a deciduous shrub or small tree traditionally used in the treatment of various diseases including fever, dry cough, measles, convulsions, epilepsy, diarrhea, and other ailments. The chemical constituents of the roots of the plant were not investigated to date. The aim of the study was to investigate the phytochemicals present in the roots of Heliotropium verdcourtii. The freshly collected root of the plant was chopped and air dried under shade. The dried and finely grounded plant root was extracted through maceration with n-hexane, chloroform/methanol (v/v 1:1), and methanol successively. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical tests for screening the classes of secondary metabolites present in the plant. Compound isolation of the chloroform/methanol (v/v 1:1) extract was performed through silica gel chromatographic separation. The structures of all isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods as well as comparison with previous reports in the literature. The yields of n-hexane, chloroform/methanol (v/v 1:1), and methanol extracts were 2.2 g (0.4%), 25 g (5.0%), and 19.8 g (4.0%), respectively. The qualitative phytochemical test of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, saponins, glycosides and alkaloids. Silica gel chromatographic separation afforded a mixture of three isomeric triterpenoids identified as α-amyrin, β-amyrin, and bauerenol. To the best of our knowledge these bioactive compounds were isolated from the root of this plant, for the first time.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"50 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140672946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Mahakur, A. Moharana, S. K. Madkamı, Soumendra K. Naik, D. Barik
Vitex negundo L. is an aromatic, woody, blooming shrub in the Verbenaceae family which can grow into a small tree. Traditionally, V. negundo root has been used to cure diabetes, colic, boils, leprosy, and rheumatism. Keeping the importance of its roots in mind, an attempt has been taken for development of a protocol for efficient hairy root proliferation system. The Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (MTCC 532 and MTCC 2364) were used for hairy root induction. For A. rhizogenes infection, both in vitro and in vivo leaves as well as internodes were used as explant. In vitro leaves and internodal explants were obtained by the inoculation of matured nodal segments on the optimum medium [MS + 2.0 mg/L N6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP)] with c.a. 91.6% shoot regeneration and an average of 8.1 shoots per explants. In vitro leaf showed best hairy root induction followed by in vitro internode on ½ MS medium augmented with acetosyringone. Highest transformation efficiency was achieved using MTCC 2364 strain, while no transformation was observed in MTCC 532 strain. Different factors affecting transformation including co-cultivation period, infection time and optical density (O.D.) value were standardized. The highest efficacy, 88.8% hairy root induction was observed in in vitro leaves infected by MTCC 2364 for 60 minutes infection time with an O.D. value of 0.29 maintained over a 44-48 hours of co-cultivation period. The prescribed protocol may be used as a reference for development of industrial scale hairy root production for bioactive compound located in root of V. negundo.
{"title":"Optimization of factors affecting Agrobacterium-mediated hairy root induction in Vitex negundo L. (Lamiaceae)","authors":"B. Mahakur, A. Moharana, S. K. Madkamı, Soumendra K. Naik, D. Barik","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1368677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1368677","url":null,"abstract":"Vitex negundo L. is an aromatic, woody, blooming shrub in the Verbenaceae family which can grow into a small tree. Traditionally, V. negundo root has been used to cure diabetes, colic, boils, leprosy, and rheumatism. Keeping the importance of its roots in mind, an attempt has been taken for development of a protocol for efficient hairy root proliferation system. The Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (MTCC 532 and MTCC 2364) were used for hairy root induction. For A. rhizogenes infection, both in vitro and in vivo leaves as well as internodes were used as explant. In vitro leaves and internodal explants were obtained by the inoculation of matured nodal segments on the optimum medium [MS + 2.0 mg/L N6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP)] with c.a. 91.6% shoot regeneration and an average of 8.1 shoots per explants. In vitro leaf showed best hairy root induction followed by in vitro internode on ½ MS medium augmented with acetosyringone. Highest transformation efficiency was achieved using MTCC 2364 strain, while no transformation was observed in MTCC 532 strain. Different factors affecting transformation including co-cultivation period, infection time and optical density (O.D.) value were standardized. The highest efficacy, 88.8% hairy root induction was observed in in vitro leaves infected by MTCC 2364 for 60 minutes infection time with an O.D. value of 0.29 maintained over a 44-48 hours of co-cultivation period. The prescribed protocol may be used as a reference for development of industrial scale hairy root production for bioactive compound located in root of V. negundo.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"68 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the world's climate changes, there is growing concern about how it is affecting human health, including the rise of antimicrobial resistance. Medicinal plants have been used for centuries and their antimicrobial properties have been recognized by many cultures. This article focuses on exploring the potential of medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity in the face of climate change challenges. The article discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with using medicinal plants as a source of new antimicrobial agents, including issues related to the changes in plant chemistry caused by climate change, and the need for sustainable and ethical sourcing practices. The article also examines the importance of traditional knowledge and cultural practices in the development and conservation of medicinal plants. Finally, the article highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research and collaboration in harnessing the potential of medicinal plants for combating antimicrobial resistance in the context of a changing climate.
{"title":"Investigating medicinal plants for antimicrobial benefits in a changing climate","authors":"Ali Yetgin","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1279531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1279531","url":null,"abstract":"As the world's climate changes, there is growing concern about how it is affecting human health, including the rise of antimicrobial resistance. Medicinal plants have been used for centuries and their antimicrobial properties have been recognized by many cultures. This article focuses on exploring the potential of medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity in the face of climate change challenges. The article discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with using medicinal plants as a source of new antimicrobial agents, including issues related to the changes in plant chemistry caused by climate change, and the need for sustainable and ethical sourcing practices. The article also examines the importance of traditional knowledge and cultural practices in the development and conservation of medicinal plants. Finally, the article highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research and collaboration in harnessing the potential of medicinal plants for combating antimicrobial resistance in the context of a changing climate.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"36 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140674586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pelin YILMAZ SANCAR, Ş. İnci, A. Demirpolat, Sevda Kirbağ, Ş. Civelek
In this study, essential oil components of the Veratrum album L. and the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of these components were determined. The chemical composition of the essential oils of dried aerial parts of V. album was analyzed using GC and GC-MS. Antimicrobial activity was determined with the disk diffusion method. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity were detected for the antioxidant activity of the plant. According to the analysis results, the major essential oil components of the V. album were determined as hexacosane (39.5%), myristic (tetradecanoic) acid (22.8%), heptane (6.5%), anethole (4.9%) and 1,8- cineole (4.8%). The findings showed that the methanol extracts of the stem and leaf parts of the plant inhibited the growth of pathogenic microorganisms at different rates (14±0.1 - 34±0.3 mm). The TAS values of methanol extracts of stem and leaf parts of V. album were calculated as 3.75±0.07 and 3.91±0.01 mmol, while TOS values were calculated as 6.14±0.13 and 6.54±0.05 μmol. The scavenging activity of the DPPH radical increased depending on increasing concentrations of the plant extract.
本研究测定了马鞭草（Veratrum album L.）的精油成分及其抗菌和抗氧化特性。使用气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱分析了白藜芦醇干燥气生部分精油的化学成分。抗菌活性采用盘扩散法测定。检测了植物的总抗氧化状态（TAS）、总氧化状态（TOS）和 2.2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基清除能力。分析结果表明，白藜芦醇精油的主要成分为十六烷（39.5%）、肉豆蔻酸（十四烷酸）（22.8%）、庚烷（6.5%）、茴香醚（4.9%）和 1,8- 丁烯（4.8%）。研究结果表明，植物茎叶部分的甲醇提取物对病原微生物生长的抑制率不同（14±0.1 - 34±0.3毫米）。经计算，茎和叶甲醇提取物的 TAS 值分别为 3.75±0.07 和 3.91±0.01 mmol，而 TOS 值分别为 6.14±0.13 和 6.54±0.05 μmol。DPPH 自由基的清除活性随植物提取物浓度的增加而增加。
{"title":"Antimicrobial, antioxidant and essential oil studies on Veratrum album L. (Melanthiaceae)","authors":"Pelin YILMAZ SANCAR, Ş. İnci, A. Demirpolat, Sevda Kirbağ, Ş. Civelek","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1336752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1336752","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, essential oil components of the Veratrum album L. and the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of these components were determined. The chemical composition of the essential oils of dried aerial parts of V. album was analyzed using GC and GC-MS. Antimicrobial activity was determined with the disk diffusion method. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity were detected for the antioxidant activity of the plant. According to the analysis results, the major essential oil components of the V. album were determined as hexacosane (39.5%), myristic (tetradecanoic) acid (22.8%), heptane (6.5%), anethole (4.9%) and 1,8- cineole (4.8%). The findings showed that the methanol extracts of the stem and leaf parts of the plant inhibited the growth of pathogenic microorganisms at different rates (14±0.1 - 34±0.3 mm). The TAS values of methanol extracts of stem and leaf parts of V. album were calculated as 3.75±0.07 and 3.91±0.01 mmol, while TOS values were calculated as 6.14±0.13 and 6.54±0.05 μmol. The scavenging activity of the DPPH radical increased depending on increasing concentrations of the plant extract.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140677429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the future, it is necessary to discover natural resources with no or less toxicity and side effects instead of synthetic drugs. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize, isolate, measure, and reveal the biological activities of substances in the structure of natural resources. In this study, the two extracts prepared from the plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and the insect (Dactylopius coccus) were examined. Sampling of the released substances was performed using Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, viability, apoptosis, and oxidative stress of the derivatized samples were determined. Due to the biological differences between the samples, the chemical structures observed in the GC-MS analysis were not the same. It was observed that stigmasterol and its derivatives were found in the pomegranate sample, whereas naphthol and its derivatives were more abundant in the Cochineal insect sample. The cell viability increased with increasing concentrations of stigmasterol, which is present in large amounts in the structure of the pomegranate flower. However, the cell viability decreased with the Cochineal insect sample. Apoptosis and oxidative stress test results were also found to be different and contrasted for both samples. Therefore, the present study presents a new, natural, and different source that can be used as an antiviral and anticancer agent.
{"title":"Investigation of Sterol structures and biological activities in Cochineal and Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts","authors":"Dilek Bahar, N. Kuşçulu, Mehmet Çadır","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1335924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1335924","url":null,"abstract":"In the future, it is necessary to discover natural resources with no or less toxicity and side effects instead of synthetic drugs. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize, isolate, measure, and reveal the biological activities of substances in the structure of natural resources. In this study, the two extracts prepared from the plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and the insect (Dactylopius coccus) were examined. Sampling of the released substances was performed using Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, viability, apoptosis, and oxidative stress of the derivatized samples were determined. Due to the biological differences between the samples, the chemical structures observed in the GC-MS analysis were not the same. It was observed that stigmasterol and its derivatives were found in the pomegranate sample, whereas naphthol and its derivatives were more abundant in the Cochineal insect sample. The cell viability increased with increasing concentrations of stigmasterol, which is present in large amounts in the structure of the pomegranate flower. However, the cell viability decreased with the Cochineal insect sample. Apoptosis and oxidative stress test results were also found to be different and contrasted for both samples. Therefore, the present study presents a new, natural, and different source that can be used as an antiviral and anticancer agent.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"51 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. AL-YAFEAİ, Barbara Schmi̇tt, Angelika Malarski̇, Volker Böhm
Hydrangea macrophylla plant, native to Japan and Korea, has been attracting scientific attention due to its potential applications in both food science and health-related research. In this investigation, dry Hydrangea leaves were utilized as the source material. Subsequent to comminution and thermal treatment at 70 °C for an 18-hour duration, followed by a 30-minute ultrasonic bath extraction and a 5-minute centrifugation at 5000 rpm, hydrangenol was isolated through preparative HPLC. The investigation involved assessing the antioxidant capacity of hydrangenol, its impact on the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, and its ability to prevent enzymatic browning. Quantification of antioxidant capacity, determined through TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity), showed values from 1.8 to 3.2 mmol TE/mmol. Likewise, the ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) values were in the range of 16.5-27.0 mmol TE/mmol. Total phenolics content (Folin-Ciocalteu test) yielded a range of 7.1-11.2 g GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalents) per 100 g. Examining α-amylase inhibition, hydrangenol demonstrated a 52% inhibition (IC50: 3.6 mg/mL), whereas acarbose (positive control) displayed a higher inhibition of 99 % (IC50: 0.51 mg/mL). Regarding α-glucosidase inhibition, hydrangenol exhibited a 51% inhibition (IC50: 0.97 mg/mL), while acarbose displayed a 46% inhibition (IC50: 2.1 mg/mL). Additionally, the activity of PPO was suppressed by 61% at hydrangenol concentrations of 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, and by 46% at a concentration of 4 mg/mL.
{"title":"In-Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation of Hydrangenol Extracted from Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. Leaves","authors":"A. AL-YAFEAİ, Barbara Schmi̇tt, Angelika Malarski̇, Volker Böhm","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1390183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1390183","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrangea macrophylla plant, native to Japan and Korea, has been attracting scientific attention due to its potential applications in both food science and health-related research. In this investigation, dry Hydrangea leaves were utilized as the source material. Subsequent to comminution and thermal treatment at 70 °C for an 18-hour duration, followed by a 30-minute ultrasonic bath extraction and a 5-minute centrifugation at 5000 rpm, hydrangenol was isolated through preparative HPLC. The investigation involved assessing the antioxidant capacity of hydrangenol, its impact on the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, and its ability to prevent enzymatic browning. Quantification of antioxidant capacity, determined through TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity), showed values from 1.8 to 3.2 mmol TE/mmol. Likewise, the ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) values were in the range of 16.5-27.0 mmol TE/mmol. Total phenolics content (Folin-Ciocalteu test) yielded a range of 7.1-11.2 g GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalents) per 100 g. Examining α-amylase inhibition, hydrangenol demonstrated a 52% inhibition (IC50: 3.6 mg/mL), whereas acarbose (positive control) displayed a higher inhibition of 99 % (IC50: 0.51 mg/mL). Regarding α-glucosidase inhibition, hydrangenol exhibited a 51% inhibition (IC50: 0.97 mg/mL), while acarbose displayed a 46% inhibition (IC50: 2.1 mg/mL). Additionally, the activity of PPO was suppressed by 61% at hydrangenol concentrations of 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, and by 46% at a concentration of 4 mg/mL.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"79 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139629418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Elbouny, B. Ouahzizi, Kaoutar Benrahou, A. Homrani Bakali, M. Bammou, K. Sellam, C. Alem
Teucrium mideltense (Batt.) Humbert (T. mideltense) is an endemic Moroccan species that grows exclusively in the Oriental High Atlas Mountains of Morocco. In this work, we aim at determining the chemical profile and biological properties of the traditionally used aqueous extract of this plant. HPLC analysis, estimation of the amounts of total phenolic compounds including flavonoids, and in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated according to the literature procedures (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP). Additionally, safety assessment was carried out according to the organization for economic cooperation and development guidelines and the anti-hyperlipidemic activity was evaluated in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rat model. Our findings revealed that the aqueous extract of this plant contains significant amounts of phenolic compounds (91.94 mg GAE/gE) including flavonoids (27.41 mg RE/gE). HPLC analysis revealed the presence of vanillic acid, hesperidin, and rutin. Moreover, a considerable in vitro antioxidant effect was evaluated (DPPH IC50 = 36.10± 0.02 μg/mL; ABTS IC50 = 34.98± 1.31 μg/mL; FRAP EC50 = 129.74±2.18 μg/mL). Furthermore, T. mideltense (Batt.) Maire extract exerted significant lipid-lowering effects by reducing the levels of total cholesterol (-88.78%), triglycerides (-62.12%), and non-HDL cholesterol (-68.37%). We conclude that the supplementation with the aqueous extract of T. mideltense would be effective in lowering lipids under hyperlipidemic conditions.
{"title":"Phytochemical study and biological activities of Teucrium mideltense (Batt.) Humbert.","authors":"H. Elbouny, B. Ouahzizi, Kaoutar Benrahou, A. Homrani Bakali, M. Bammou, K. Sellam, C. Alem","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1364491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1364491","url":null,"abstract":"Teucrium mideltense (Batt.) Humbert (T. mideltense) is an endemic Moroccan species that grows exclusively in the Oriental High Atlas Mountains of Morocco. In this work, we aim at determining the chemical profile and biological properties of the traditionally used aqueous extract of this plant. HPLC analysis, estimation of the amounts of total phenolic compounds including flavonoids, and in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated according to the literature procedures (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP). Additionally, safety assessment was carried out according to the organization for economic cooperation and development guidelines and the anti-hyperlipidemic activity was evaluated in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rat model. Our findings revealed that the aqueous extract of this plant contains significant amounts of phenolic compounds (91.94 mg GAE/gE) including flavonoids (27.41 mg RE/gE). HPLC analysis revealed the presence of vanillic acid, hesperidin, and rutin. Moreover, a considerable in vitro antioxidant effect was evaluated (DPPH IC50 = 36.10± 0.02 μg/mL; ABTS IC50 = 34.98± 1.31 μg/mL; FRAP EC50 = 129.74±2.18 μg/mL). Furthermore, T. mideltense (Batt.) Maire extract exerted significant lipid-lowering effects by reducing the levels of total cholesterol (-88.78%), triglycerides (-62.12%), and non-HDL cholesterol (-68.37%). We conclude that the supplementation with the aqueous extract of T. mideltense would be effective in lowering lipids under hyperlipidemic conditions.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139630838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the effects of different types and concentrations of salts on local Siverek rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) grown in vitro were investigated in terms of mineral elements (K, Ca, P, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, Co), proline, and total protein content. Sterilized seeds were planted in hormone-free and salt-free MS medium. After one week, the seedlings were subjected to different concentrations of NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 salts (0, 30 mM, 90 mM) in order to evaluate the effect of salinity on plant growth and development. In response to salt stress, a decrease in nutrient elements was observed for all three types of salt compared to the control group, which can be attributed to disruptions in ion balance. Changes in element levels generally showed varying levels of increase or decrease depending on both the type and concentration of the salt and these changes were statistically significant. The increase in proline level was found to be directly proportional to the changes in the amounts of Ca, Mg, K, and Na elements. Both total protein and proline content showed the lowest values for all salt concentrations with CaCl2, while the highest values were obtained with NaCl. In conclusion, the changes in the level of mineral elements, total protein, and proline content levels, which decrease or increase in different ratios, depending on the type and concentration rising of the salt, are associated with the varying tolerance of the plant to different types of salts.
本研究从矿物质元素（K、Ca、P、Mg、Na、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Mo、Co）、脯氨酸和总蛋白质含量的角度研究了不同类型和浓度的盐对离体生长的当地西维瑞克水稻（Oryza sativa L.）的影响。灭菌种子种植在无激素和无盐的 MS 培养基中。一周后，将幼苗置于不同浓度的 NaCl、CaCl2 和 MgCl2 盐（0、30 mM、90 mM）中，以评估盐度对植物生长和发育的影响。在盐胁迫下，与对照组相比，所有三种盐都会导致营养元素的减少，这可能是由于离子平衡被打破所致。根据盐的种类和浓度，元素含量的变化一般会出现不同程度的增加或减少，这些变化在统计学上具有显著意义。脯氨酸含量的增加与 Ca、Mg、K 和 Na 元素含量的变化成正比。在所有盐浓度下，CaCl2 的总蛋白质和脯氨酸含量值最低，而 NaCl 的总蛋白质和脯氨酸含量值最高。总之，矿物质元素、总蛋白质和脯氨酸含量水平的变化与植物对不同类型盐的不同耐受性有关，这些变化随盐的类型和浓度升高而以不同比例降低或升高。
{"title":"Effect of Na, Mg, Ca chloride salts on mineral element, proline and total protein contents in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in vitro","authors":"Mehmet Yusuf Orcan, Pınar Orcan","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1335099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1335099","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effects of different types and concentrations of salts on local Siverek rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) grown in vitro were investigated in terms of mineral elements (K, Ca, P, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, Co), proline, and total protein content. Sterilized seeds were planted in hormone-free and salt-free MS medium. After one week, the seedlings were subjected to different concentrations of NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 salts (0, 30 mM, 90 mM) in order to evaluate the effect of salinity on plant growth and development. In response to salt stress, a decrease in nutrient elements was observed for all three types of salt compared to the control group, which can be attributed to disruptions in ion balance. Changes in element levels generally showed varying levels of increase or decrease depending on both the type and concentration of the salt and these changes were statistically significant. The increase in proline level was found to be directly proportional to the changes in the amounts of Ca, Mg, K, and Na elements. Both total protein and proline content showed the lowest values for all salt concentrations with CaCl2, while the highest values were obtained with NaCl. In conclusion, the changes in the level of mineral elements, total protein, and proline content levels, which decrease or increase in different ratios, depending on the type and concentration rising of the salt, are associated with the varying tolerance of the plant to different types of salts.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nikolova, I. Aneva, P. Zhelev, S. Berkov, E. YANKOVA-TSVETKOVA
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Sprengel (bearberry), Ericaceae is a valuable medicinal plant with diuretic and uroantiseptic action which is mainly due to arbutin. In Bulgaria the species is considered as rare. Content assessment of bioactive compounds of A. uva-ursi leaves from three natural populations from Bulgaria was the aim of the present study. Leaf samples were collected from Pirin, Vitosha, and Rhodope Mountains. Bioactive compounds in the methanolic extracts of the samples were analysed by GC/MS. Total phenolic content was determined using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Arbutin, quinic acid and gallic acid were detected in the highest amounts. Catechine, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, triterpenes (α- and β-amyrin, uvaol and lupeol) and other primary and secondary metabolites were found, also. Differences in the content of individual compounds between samples of different origin were established. The highest total phenolic (182.98 mg GAE g-1) and arbutin (8.4%) content was found in the sample from Vitosha Mountain. The presented data characterizes the profile of bioactive compounds in the Bulgarian bearberry raw material for the first time.
{"title":"Bioactive compounds of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi wild-growing populations from Bulgaria","authors":"M. Nikolova, I. Aneva, P. Zhelev, S. Berkov, E. YANKOVA-TSVETKOVA","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1292525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1292525","url":null,"abstract":"Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Sprengel (bearberry), Ericaceae is a valuable medicinal plant with diuretic and uroantiseptic action which is mainly due to arbutin. In Bulgaria the species is considered as rare. Content assessment of bioactive compounds of A. uva-ursi leaves from three natural populations from Bulgaria was the aim of the present study. Leaf samples were collected from Pirin, Vitosha, and Rhodope Mountains. Bioactive compounds in the methanolic extracts of the samples were analysed by GC/MS. Total phenolic content was determined using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Arbutin, quinic acid and gallic acid were detected in the highest amounts. Catechine, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, triterpenes (α- and β-amyrin, uvaol and lupeol) and other primary and secondary metabolites were found, also. Differences in the content of individual compounds between samples of different origin were established. The highest total phenolic (182.98 mg GAE g-1) and arbutin (8.4%) content was found in the sample from Vitosha Mountain. The presented data characterizes the profile of bioactive compounds in the Bulgarian bearberry raw material for the first time.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"71 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139630571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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