S. Sudirman, Aprilia Kusuma Wardana, Herpandi Herpandı, I. Widiastuti, Dwi Inda Sarı, Miftahul Janna
Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by a higher content of free radicals than the potential antioxidants in the body. Exogenous antioxidants are needed to resolve this condition. The Nypa fruticans (Nipa palm) fruit husk is a source of polyphenol potential and can be used as a natural antioxidant agent. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol concentration on polyphenol and tannin contents and their antioxidant activities. The polyphenol substances were extracted using several ethanol concentrations, whereas the antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The results show that the ethanol concentration has no effect on the yield of extraction. However, it affects the total polyphenol and tannin contents with high levels in the 50% and 70% ethanol concentrations. Fifty percent ethanol exhibits more effective antioxidant activity when compared to other ethanol concentrations. Therefore, a 50% ethanol concentration is a suitable solvent to extract polyphenol and tannin substances from nipa palm fruit husk and can be used as an alternative natural antioxidant.
{"title":"Antioxidant activity of polyphenol compounds extracted from Nypa fruticans Wurmb. (Nipa palm) fruit husk with different ethanol concentration","authors":"S. Sudirman, Aprilia Kusuma Wardana, Herpandi Herpandı, I. Widiastuti, Dwi Inda Sarı, Miftahul Janna","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1360736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1360736","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by a higher content of free radicals than the potential antioxidants in the body. Exogenous antioxidants are needed to resolve this condition. The Nypa fruticans (Nipa palm) fruit husk is a source of polyphenol potential and can be used as a natural antioxidant agent. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol concentration on polyphenol and tannin contents and their antioxidant activities. The polyphenol substances were extracted using several ethanol concentrations, whereas the antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The results show that the ethanol concentration has no effect on the yield of extraction. However, it affects the total polyphenol and tannin contents with high levels in the 50% and 70% ethanol concentrations. Fifty percent ethanol exhibits more effective antioxidant activity when compared to other ethanol concentrations. Therefore, a 50% ethanol concentration is a suitable solvent to extract polyphenol and tannin substances from nipa palm fruit husk and can be used as an alternative natural antioxidant.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aimed to compare the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Sambucus williamsii and Sambucus pendula. The antimicrobial activity of the two plants was evaluated using the disc diffusion and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) method against three Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9327 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313), four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 15489, Psendomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Pseudomonas fluorescens KCCM 41443 and Salmonella typhimurium KCCM 11862) and one yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFO 1950). The tested ether and ethyl acetate fractions of ethanol extract from Sambucus williamsii showed significant antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens; conversely, the ether fraction of Sambucus pendula leaf showed no clear zone formation against any tested bacteria. In general, the fractions of the two Sambucus species exhibited a lower MIC against tested Gram-negative bacteria than the tested Gram-positive bacteria. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The results showed that the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the ethanol extract of Sambucus williamsii was the lower value, which means the greater antioxidant activity. On the other hand, the IC50 value of the hot water extract of Sambucus pendula was the lower value. The richness of the total polyphenol contents of the two Sambucus implies their potential as raw material sources for the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
{"title":"In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Sambucus williamsii and Sambucus pendula","authors":"Kyoung-sun Seo, K. Yun","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1353669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1353669","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to compare the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Sambucus williamsii and Sambucus pendula. The antimicrobial activity of the two plants was evaluated using the disc diffusion and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) method against three Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9327 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313), four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 15489, Psendomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Pseudomonas fluorescens KCCM 41443 and Salmonella typhimurium KCCM 11862) and one yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFO 1950). The tested ether and ethyl acetate fractions of ethanol extract from Sambucus williamsii showed significant antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens; conversely, the ether fraction of Sambucus pendula leaf showed no clear zone formation against any tested bacteria. In general, the fractions of the two Sambucus species exhibited a lower MIC against tested Gram-negative bacteria than the tested Gram-positive bacteria. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The results showed that the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the ethanol extract of Sambucus williamsii was the lower value, which means the greater antioxidant activity. On the other hand, the IC50 value of the hot water extract of Sambucus pendula was the lower value. The richness of the total polyphenol contents of the two Sambucus implies their potential as raw material sources for the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"75 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Narmin Sadıgova, Z. Suleymanova, J. Ojaghi, Sayyara İbadullayeva, A. Mammadov
In this study, the phylogenetic relationships and genetic structure of 10 collected genotypes of Artemisia szowitziana (Besser) Grossh and Artemisia fragrans Willd. species from different regions of Azerbaijan were investigated using RAPD primers. A total of 94 amplicons were amplified using selected RAPD primers. Among them 3 band with OPA-02 primers and 12 band with OPW-17 primers were amplified. The highest polymorphism among the investigated RAPD markers was 100, 90.91 and 90%, which has been obtained by OPW-17, OPT-19, and OPT-20 primers, respectively. However, the calculated average value of polymorphism was as high as 72.79% based on 10 different RAPD markers. The average PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) value (0.864) has indicated the rich genetic diversity among the studied samples. The cluster analyses by using Jaccard similarity index and UPGMA method classified all Artemisia L. samples into 6 major groups. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) justified 74.22% of the total variance. Based on the results obtained, it has been observed that there is a wide range of diversity in the molecular level between the population of Artemisia szowitziana (1-2 and 4-6 samples) and Artemisia fragrans (3, 5, 7 and 8, 9, 10 samples) and between population of the Artemisia species in Azerbaijan.
{"title":"Genetic structure and molecular analysis of the species of the genus Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) distributed in Azerbaijan","authors":"Narmin Sadıgova, Z. Suleymanova, J. Ojaghi, Sayyara İbadullayeva, A. Mammadov","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1321134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1321134","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the phylogenetic relationships and genetic structure of 10 collected genotypes of Artemisia szowitziana (Besser) Grossh and Artemisia fragrans Willd. species from different regions of Azerbaijan were investigated using RAPD primers. A total of 94 amplicons were amplified using selected RAPD primers. Among them 3 band with OPA-02 primers and 12 band with OPW-17 primers were amplified. The highest polymorphism among the investigated RAPD markers was 100, 90.91 and 90%, which has been obtained by OPW-17, OPT-19, and OPT-20 primers, respectively. However, the calculated average value of polymorphism was as high as 72.79% based on 10 different RAPD markers. The average PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) value (0.864) has indicated the rich genetic diversity among the studied samples. The cluster analyses by using Jaccard similarity index and UPGMA method classified all Artemisia L. samples into 6 major groups. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) justified 74.22% of the total variance. Based on the results obtained, it has been observed that there is a wide range of diversity in the molecular level between the population of Artemisia szowitziana (1-2 and 4-6 samples) and Artemisia fragrans (3, 5, 7 and 8, 9, 10 samples) and between population of the Artemisia species in Azerbaijan.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"12 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140674003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effects of essential oil components obtained by hydrodistillation of Ammi genus members (Ammi majus L., Ammi visnaga L. (Lam.)), which have important chemical and active components were investigated against two important storage pests; fig borer Cadra cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). A total of 23 and 14 components were detected in A. majus and A. visnaga, respectively, and the product yield was found to be 96.05%, 82.53%. Among them, the major components for A. majus are 2 heptadecanone, benzoic acid, 2 pentadecanone while for A. visnaga they are linalol, nonadecane, carvacrol. Essential oil of A. visnaga extended the adult emergence times in E. kuehniella and C. cautella while the increase in pupation time was found statistically significant only in E. kuehniella. A. visnaga essential oil reduced the adult life span in E. kuehniella at the highest dose while a decrease was detected in both doses applied in C. cautella. Adult weight and number of eggs decreased due to the application of A. visnaga in both insects. Also, alterations were observed in the adult emergence, pupation time, and pupal period. In E. kuehniella and C. cautella, adult life spans, weights and egg production of females showed statistically significant decreases depending on the application of A. majus essential oil. The findings obtained within the scope of the current study reveal that the essential oils of A. majus and A. visnaga species have the potential to be used in the control of storage pest insects.
研究了通过水蒸馏法获得的具有重要化学和活性成分的 Ammi 属成员（Ammi majus L. 和 Ammi visnaga L. (Lam.)）精油成分对两种重要贮藏害虫（无花果蛀虫 Cadra cautella (Walker)（鳞翅目：稚虫科）和面粉蛾 Ephestia kuehniella Zeller（鳞翅目：稚虫科））的影响。在 A. majus 和 A. visnaga 中分别检测到 23 和 14 种成分，产品收率分别为 96.05%和 82.53%。其中，A. majus 的主要成分是 2-十七酮、苯甲酸、2-十五酮，而 A. visnaga 的主要成分是芳樟醇、壬烷、香芹酚。A. visnaga 精油延长了 E. kuehniella 和 C. cautella 的成虫出现时间，而只有 E. kuehniella 的蛹期延长具有统计学意义。最高剂量的 A. visnaga 精油缩短了 E. kuehniella 的成虫寿命，而对 C. cautella 施用的两种剂量都发现成虫寿命缩短。施用 A. visnaga 精油后，两种昆虫的成虫体重和卵数都有所下降。此外，在成虫出现、化蛹时间和蛹期方面也观察到了变化。在 E. kuehniella 和 C. cautella 中，雌虫的成虫寿命、体重和产卵量在施用 A. majus 精油后出现了统计学意义上的显著下降。本次研究的结果表明，A. majus 和 A. visnaga 的精油具有用于控制仓储害虫的潜力。
{"title":"Determination of essential oil components of Ammi L. genus in Türkiye and their effects on some storage pests","authors":"Ş. Hayta, Aysel Manyas, A. Er","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1373928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1373928","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of essential oil components obtained by hydrodistillation of Ammi genus members (Ammi majus L., Ammi visnaga L. (Lam.)), which have important chemical and active components were investigated against two important storage pests; fig borer Cadra cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). A total of 23 and 14 components were detected in A. majus and A. visnaga, respectively, and the product yield was found to be 96.05%, 82.53%. Among them, the major components for A. majus are 2 heptadecanone, benzoic acid, 2 pentadecanone while for A. visnaga they are linalol, nonadecane, carvacrol. Essential oil of A. visnaga extended the adult emergence times in E. kuehniella and C. cautella while the increase in pupation time was found statistically significant only in E. kuehniella. A. visnaga essential oil reduced the adult life span in E. kuehniella at the highest dose while a decrease was detected in both doses applied in C. cautella. Adult weight and number of eggs decreased due to the application of A. visnaga in both insects. Also, alterations were observed in the adult emergence, pupation time, and pupal period. In E. kuehniella and C. cautella, adult life spans, weights and egg production of females showed statistically significant decreases depending on the application of A. majus essential oil. The findings obtained within the scope of the current study reveal that the essential oils of A. majus and A. visnaga species have the potential to be used in the control of storage pest insects.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"53 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To study the phytochemical properties in the leave and fruit of Iranian populations of Rhamnus persica Boiss, eighteen different populations from six geographical regions of Kermanshah province were studied. The results showed that the highest and lowest leaf saponin was present in Aliabad (6.40 mg/g) in Eslamabad-e Gharb and Chaharzebar in Mahidasht (3.29 mg/g), respectively. In fruit saponin, the highest content was in the population of Arkavazi in Eslamabad-e Gharb (4.33 mg/g) and the lowest being in Mahidasht population (Chaharzebar) and Sarpol-e Zahab (Galin) each with 2.20 mg/g. About the leaf tannin, the highest and lowest values were available in Barf-Abad population in Eslamabad-e Gharb (4.57 mg/g) and Chaharzebar in Mahidasht (1.83 mg/g), respectively. In addition, in the case of fruit tannin, the highest amount in Meleh-Sorkh population belonged to Homeil (2.74 mg/g) and the lowest being in of Changizeh population (Sonqor) in 2.28 mg/g. Moreover, the highest and lowest leaf flavonoids were obtained in two populations including Gordi in Eslamabad-e Gharb (6.14 mg/g) and Changizeh from Sonqor (4.09 mg/g), respectively. Regarding fruit flavonoids, the highest and lowest amounts were observed in populations of Meleh-Sorkh from Homeil (3.45 mg/g) and Banganjab in Mahidasht (2.13 mg/g). These findings confirmed the effect of geographical location on changing the phytochemical characteristics of Rhamnus populations in Kermanshah province from Iran.
{"title":"Content of saponin, tannin, and flavonoid in the leaves and fruits of Iranian populations from Rhamnus persica Boiss. (Rhamnaceae)","authors":"Peymen Asadı, Masoumeh Farasat, Mehrnoush Tadayoni, Neda Hassanzadeh, Sina Attar Roshan","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1391683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1391683","url":null,"abstract":"To study the phytochemical properties in the leave and fruit of Iranian populations of Rhamnus persica Boiss, eighteen different populations from six geographical regions of Kermanshah province were studied. The results showed that the highest and lowest leaf saponin was present in Aliabad (6.40 mg/g) in Eslamabad-e Gharb and Chaharzebar in Mahidasht (3.29 mg/g), respectively. In fruit saponin, the highest content was in the population of Arkavazi in Eslamabad-e Gharb (4.33 mg/g) and the lowest being in Mahidasht population (Chaharzebar) and Sarpol-e Zahab (Galin) each with 2.20 mg/g. About the leaf tannin, the highest and lowest values were available in Barf-Abad population in Eslamabad-e Gharb (4.57 mg/g) and Chaharzebar in Mahidasht (1.83 mg/g), respectively. In addition, in the case of fruit tannin, the highest amount in Meleh-Sorkh population belonged to Homeil (2.74 mg/g) and the lowest being in of Changizeh population (Sonqor) in 2.28 mg/g. Moreover, the highest and lowest leaf flavonoids were obtained in two populations including Gordi in Eslamabad-e Gharb (6.14 mg/g) and Changizeh from Sonqor (4.09 mg/g), respectively. Regarding fruit flavonoids, the highest and lowest amounts were observed in populations of Meleh-Sorkh from Homeil (3.45 mg/g) and Banganjab in Mahidasht (2.13 mg/g). These findings confirmed the effect of geographical location on changing the phytochemical characteristics of Rhamnus populations in Kermanshah province from Iran.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140672747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. M. Fermin, Dana Theresa De Leon, R. M. Dulay, J. Undan, Angeles De Leon
The medicinal potential of plants encompasses a diverse array of compounds with therapeutic applications. These compounds have the potential to contribute to the development of innovative pharmaceuticals that enhance overall health. This study highlights the molecular identification, phytochemical analysis, teratogenic and cytotoxic effects of Gymnanthemum amygdalinum collected from Bongabon, Nueva Ecija. Morphological and molecular identification confirmed the identity of G. amygdalinum having 100 % similarity to their corresponding sequences. Also, G. amygdalinum exhibited secondary metabolites such as essential oils, phenols, sugars, anthraquinones, coumarins, anthrones, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and alkaloids. The plant extract has teratogenic effects as mortality rate was observed at 1000 and 10,000 ppm, correlated with low hatchability rate at the same concentrations. These findings demonstrated the potential for anticancer, leading to further evaluation of cytotoxicity employing Artemia salina and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2). As a result, G. amygdalinum was found to be moderately toxic in brine shrimp lethality assay with a mortality rate of 10 ppm and higher. Similarly, it is moderately toxic in HepG2 at a median concentration of 1000 ppm and highly toxic at 4000 ppm. Collectively, G. amygdalinum extract exhibits teratogenic and cytotoxic effects and is suitable for further studies at the same or higher concentrations. Accordingly, it is recommended to proceed to the next phase of study for anticancer and antiproliferative. This study provides a scientific foundation for future research, supporting the researchers in uncovering the medicinal potentials of not only G. amygdalinum but other medicinal plants as well.
{"title":"Identification and assessment of biological activities of Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip. ex Walp. collected from Bongabon, Nueva Ecija","authors":"S. M. Fermin, Dana Theresa De Leon, R. M. Dulay, J. Undan, Angeles De Leon","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1381647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1381647","url":null,"abstract":"The medicinal potential of plants encompasses a diverse array of compounds with therapeutic applications. These compounds have the potential to contribute to the development of innovative pharmaceuticals that enhance overall health. This study highlights the molecular identification, phytochemical analysis, teratogenic and cytotoxic effects of Gymnanthemum amygdalinum collected from Bongabon, Nueva Ecija. Morphological and molecular identification confirmed the identity of G. amygdalinum having 100 % similarity to their corresponding sequences. Also, G. amygdalinum exhibited secondary metabolites such as essential oils, phenols, sugars, anthraquinones, coumarins, anthrones, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and alkaloids. The plant extract has teratogenic effects as mortality rate was observed at 1000 and 10,000 ppm, correlated with low hatchability rate at the same concentrations. These findings demonstrated the potential for anticancer, leading to further evaluation of cytotoxicity employing Artemia salina and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2). As a result, G. amygdalinum was found to be moderately toxic in brine shrimp lethality assay with a mortality rate of 10 ppm and higher. Similarly, it is moderately toxic in HepG2 at a median concentration of 1000 ppm and highly toxic at 4000 ppm. Collectively, G. amygdalinum extract exhibits teratogenic and cytotoxic effects and is suitable for further studies at the same or higher concentrations. Accordingly, it is recommended to proceed to the next phase of study for anticancer and antiproliferative. This study provides a scientific foundation for future research, supporting the researchers in uncovering the medicinal potentials of not only G. amygdalinum but other medicinal plants as well.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"79 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of the species belong to Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families collected from Çorum, Eskişehir and Kütahya provinces in Türkiye on Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacterial strains using EUCAST disc diffusion method. Ethanol (96%) and Ciprofloxacin (5mcg) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. All plant extracts produced inhibition zones on S. aureus and E. faecalis ranged between 4.67-14.33 mm and 21.67-23.67 mm respectively. The variance in the antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts was significant between groups according to ANOVA. L. angustifolia samples collected from Eskişehir and Kütahya gave zone diameters close to the positive control on S. aureus and E. faecalis. It was determined that E. coli was the most resistant and S. aureus and E. faecalis were the most sensitive microorganisms in this study. L. angustifolia-E, M. piperita and S. officinalis were the species whose extracts were coming front with their high antimicrobial activities. Pearson's correlation analyses displayed that the antimicrobial activity on E. coli was correlated positively and negatively with altitude and latitude respectively, while on E. faecalis was positively correlated with altitude and negatively correlated with latitude and longitude. In conclusion, the variations in the antimicrobial activities of the secondary metabolites found in the extracts of medicinal aromatic plants are important and, although the quantity, quality, and diversity of these compounds are determined according to the genotypes of plants, the environmental conditions in which the plants grow might have an impact on these differences.
该研究旨在采用欧盟CAST碟片扩散法研究从土耳其乔鲁姆省、埃斯基谢希尔省和库塔希亚省采集的菊科和拉米亚西亚科植物对革兰氏（+）和革兰氏（-）细菌菌株的抗菌活性。乙醇（96%）和环丙沙星（5 毫克）分别用作阴性和阳性对照。所有植物提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌产生的抑菌区范围分别为 4.67-14.33 毫米和 21.67-23.67 毫米。根据方差分析，植物提取物的抗菌活性在组间差异显著。从埃斯基谢希尔和库塔希亚采集的 L. angustifolia 样品对金黄色葡萄球菌和粪大肠杆菌的作用区直径接近阳性对照。在这项研究中，大肠杆菌的抗药性最强，金黄色葡萄球菌和粪大肠杆菌的敏感性最高。L.angustifolia-E、M. piperita 和 S. officinalis 的提取物具有较高的抗菌活性。皮尔逊相关分析表明，对大肠杆菌的抗菌活性分别与海拔高度和纬度呈正相关和负相关，而对粪大肠杆菌的抗菌活性与海拔高度呈正相关，与纬度和经度呈负相关。总之，在药用芳香植物提取物中发现的次生代谢物的抗菌活性差异非常重要，虽然这些化合物的数量、质量和多样性是根据植物的基因型决定的，但植物生长的环境条件可能会对这些差异产生影响。
{"title":"Antimicrobial activities of some species in Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families from Türkiye","authors":"Sibel Kerem, Özlem Özbek","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1386142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1386142","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of the species belong to Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families collected from Çorum, Eskişehir and Kütahya provinces in Türkiye on Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacterial strains using EUCAST disc diffusion method. Ethanol (96%) and Ciprofloxacin (5mcg) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. All plant extracts produced inhibition zones on S. aureus and E. faecalis ranged between 4.67-14.33 mm and 21.67-23.67 mm respectively. The variance in the antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts was significant between groups according to ANOVA. L. angustifolia samples collected from Eskişehir and Kütahya gave zone diameters close to the positive control on S. aureus and E. faecalis. It was determined that E. coli was the most resistant and S. aureus and E. faecalis were the most sensitive microorganisms in this study. L. angustifolia-E, M. piperita and S. officinalis were the species whose extracts were coming front with their high antimicrobial activities. Pearson's correlation analyses displayed that the antimicrobial activity on E. coli was correlated positively and negatively with altitude and latitude respectively, while on E. faecalis was positively correlated with altitude and negatively correlated with latitude and longitude. In conclusion, the variations in the antimicrobial activities of the secondary metabolites found in the extracts of medicinal aromatic plants are important and, although the quantity, quality, and diversity of these compounds are determined according to the genotypes of plants, the environmental conditions in which the plants grow might have an impact on these differences.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"66 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herbal medicines have been used for centuries to treat various ailments and have now gained global importance for their therapeutic and economic implications. One such plant is Averrhoa carambola commonly known as star fruit, a tropical plant belonging to the Oxalidaceae family. With a rich history of traditional medicinal uses in India and Southeast Asia, it has been employed to treat various ailments, including urinary infections, hypertension, diabetes, and gastrointestinal issues. The fruit is popular for its sweet and sour taste and finds culinary use in salads, beverages, and garnishing. The therapeutic potential of A. carambola is attributed to its abundance of natural antioxidants and phenolic compounds such as gallic acid in gallotannin form, catechins, and epicatechins. These bioactive constituents contribute to its medicinal properties and health benefits. However, scientific investigations have revealed potential health risks associated with A. carambola consumption. High oxalic acid content in the fruit poses a risk of toxicity, particularly for individuals with renal impairments who consume excessive fruit juices. Additionally, the presence of caramboxin, a neurotoxin, can interfere with the GABAergic system, leading to neurotoxic effects. This review offers a comprehensive and well-organized examination of the current progress regarding the benefits, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of A. carambola. The insights presented in this review have the potential to drive advancements and novel treatments involving star fruit in modern times. As interest in herbal medicines continues to rise, further research on A. carambola holds promise for exploring new therapeutic applications in the realm of natural remedies.
{"title":"Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.): Exploring the wonders of Indian folklore and the miracles of traditional healing","authors":"Suchita Gupta, Reena Gupta","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1348465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1348465","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal medicines have been used for centuries to treat various ailments and have now gained global importance for their therapeutic and economic implications. One such plant is Averrhoa carambola commonly known as star fruit, a tropical plant belonging to the Oxalidaceae family. With a rich history of traditional medicinal uses in India and Southeast Asia, it has been employed to treat various ailments, including urinary infections, hypertension, diabetes, and gastrointestinal issues. The fruit is popular for its sweet and sour taste and finds culinary use in salads, beverages, and garnishing. The therapeutic potential of A. carambola is attributed to its abundance of natural antioxidants and phenolic compounds such as gallic acid in gallotannin form, catechins, and epicatechins. These bioactive constituents contribute to its medicinal properties and health benefits. However, scientific investigations have revealed potential health risks associated with A. carambola consumption. High oxalic acid content in the fruit poses a risk of toxicity, particularly for individuals with renal impairments who consume excessive fruit juices. Additionally, the presence of caramboxin, a neurotoxin, can interfere with the GABAergic system, leading to neurotoxic effects. This review offers a comprehensive and well-organized examination of the current progress regarding the benefits, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of A. carambola. The insights presented in this review have the potential to drive advancements and novel treatments involving star fruit in modern times. As interest in herbal medicines continues to rise, further research on A. carambola holds promise for exploring new therapeutic applications in the realm of natural remedies.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140674699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) is one of the most popular vegetables consumed worldwide. The leaves of pepper are rich in phenolics, including phenolic acids and flavonoids. These compounds are well known for their ultraviolet (UV) absorbing and antioxidant properties. While the change of the phenolic pattern is an intensive research subject, it is not yet well-known in pepper leaves, particularly in outdoor conditions. In this experiment, we examined the effect of UV radiation on the leaves of outdoor grown peppers, focusing on the UV-absorbing properties and antioxidant capacities. Three different total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measurements have been compared: (I) Folin-Ciocalteu Reactivity (FC), (II) Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and (III) Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC). Moreover, non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide scavenging antioxidant capacity was measured. Significant increase was detected only in FRAP, suggesting an elevation exclusively in the level of phenolic acids in case of UV exposed outdoor grown pepper leaves.
{"title":"Changes in antioxidant properties of pepper leaves (Capsicum annuum L.) upon UV radiation","authors":"Valér Góra, K. Csepregi","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1430542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1430542","url":null,"abstract":"Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) is one of the most popular vegetables consumed worldwide. The leaves of pepper are rich in phenolics, including phenolic acids and flavonoids. These compounds are well known for their ultraviolet (UV) absorbing and antioxidant properties. While the change of the phenolic pattern is an intensive research subject, it is not yet well-known in pepper leaves, particularly in outdoor conditions. In this experiment, we examined the effect of UV radiation on the leaves of outdoor grown peppers, focusing on the UV-absorbing properties and antioxidant capacities. Three different total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measurements have been compared: (I) Folin-Ciocalteu Reactivity (FC), (II) Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and (III) Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC). Moreover, non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide scavenging antioxidant capacity was measured. Significant increase was detected only in FRAP, suggesting an elevation exclusively in the level of phenolic acids in case of UV exposed outdoor grown pepper leaves.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140673686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cecilia Esparza, Rosario Estrada, Diana Salazar Sanchez, A. Saenz-galindo, J. A. Ascacio Valdés, A. C. Flores-gallegos, R. Rodríguez-herrera
Moringa oleifera has been a focus of interest because of the different properties (anticancer, antioxidant, etc.) that have been attributed to this plant. However, the most used methodology is soxhlet, which requires long periods of reaction (18 hours), generating greater energy expenditure. Recently, green extraction technologies have been developed like ultrasound and microwaves, reducing reaction time by up to 97%. The objectives of this study were to extract and identify the polyphenolic compounds present in aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts from Moringa oleifera dried leaves using ultrasound and microwave, as well as to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxic effect using cancer and non-cancer cells. A combination of ultrasound and microwave was utilized to extract polyphenolic compounds from Moringa dried leaves. HPLC–MS analysis was conducted to qualitatively identify the polyphenols in the samples. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT and comet assays using non-cancer (3T3, Hek293, and Vero) and cancer (HepG2) cells lines. Results: 30 polyphenolic compounds from 9 different families were identified by HPLC. Data suggested that hydro-alcoholic extracts from Moringa leaves have potent cytotoxic activities in a depend-doses response. Also, compounds from aqueous extracts did not cause cell death, while polyphenol extract from hydro-alcoholic extracts decreased populations in both cancer and non-cancer cell lines measurement by MTT. HepG2 cells showed DNA damage by comet assay. The extraction using ultrasound and microwaves at 30 minutes of reaction has an antiproliferative effect through apoptosis in cancer cells, in addition ethanolic extracts have higher cytotoxicity compared to aqueous extracts.
{"title":"Ultrasound and microwave extraction from Moringa oleifera Lam.: Characterization and antiproliferative effect","authors":"Cecilia Esparza, Rosario Estrada, Diana Salazar Sanchez, A. Saenz-galindo, J. A. Ascacio Valdés, A. C. Flores-gallegos, R. Rodríguez-herrera","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1363300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1363300","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera has been a focus of interest because of the different properties (anticancer, antioxidant, etc.) that have been attributed to this plant. However, the most used methodology is soxhlet, which requires long periods of reaction (18 hours), generating greater energy expenditure. Recently, green extraction technologies have been developed like ultrasound and microwaves, reducing reaction time by up to 97%. The objectives of this study were to extract and identify the polyphenolic compounds present in aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts from Moringa oleifera dried leaves using ultrasound and microwave, as well as to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxic effect using cancer and non-cancer cells. A combination of ultrasound and microwave was utilized to extract polyphenolic compounds from Moringa dried leaves. HPLC–MS analysis was conducted to qualitatively identify the polyphenols in the samples. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT and comet assays using non-cancer (3T3, Hek293, and Vero) and cancer (HepG2) cells lines. Results: 30 polyphenolic compounds from 9 different families were identified by HPLC. Data suggested that hydro-alcoholic extracts from Moringa leaves have potent cytotoxic activities in a depend-doses response. Also, compounds from aqueous extracts did not cause cell death, while polyphenol extract from hydro-alcoholic extracts decreased populations in both cancer and non-cancer cell lines measurement by MTT. HepG2 cells showed DNA damage by comet assay. The extraction using ultrasound and microwaves at 30 minutes of reaction has an antiproliferative effect through apoptosis in cancer cells, in addition ethanolic extracts have higher cytotoxicity compared to aqueous extracts.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"83 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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