Antimicrobial potentials have been widely analyzed with different sources; however, plant-based antimicrobial compounds are greatly welcome due to their greener characteristics. This study revealed the importance of antimicrobial compounds from the herbal extracts of lemon and onion. The extracts were tested against gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Bacillus subtitlis) bacteria. Disc-diffusion and well-diffusion on an agar plate and tributary methods were followed to demonstrate the antimicrobial potentials of the above herbal extracts. Further, different volumes of ampicillin at the concentration of 1 mg/ml were used to compare the genuine bacterial inhibition (3 µL with 1.5 cm zone). Lemon behaved excellently in a way by displaying better bacterial inhibition against both E. coli (3 µL with 1.2 cm zone) and B. Subtilis (3 µL with 0.6 cm zone), whereas onion extract was not at the level of lemon extract; however, it still displayed a good inhibition. The turbidity assay confirms the inhibition efficiency of lemon and onion against both E. coli and B. subtilis. In the liquid medium lemon shows higher inhibition (2 & 3 folds) on bacteria than that of ampicillin and onion. Cell count and UV-vis spectroscopy analysis at 600 nm also conform to the efficacy of lemon inhibition against E. coli and B. subtilis. This experiment confirms that lemon extract is an excellent and better substitute for commercially available ampicillin for bacterial inhibition.
{"title":"Antimicrobial potential of lemon and onion extracts against gram-positive and -negative bacteria","authors":"Nagomi GOPİNATH","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1290157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1290157","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial potentials have been widely analyzed with different sources; however, plant-based antimicrobial compounds are greatly welcome due to their greener characteristics. This study revealed the importance of antimicrobial compounds from the herbal extracts of lemon and onion. The extracts were tested against gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Bacillus subtitlis) bacteria. Disc-diffusion and well-diffusion on an agar plate and tributary methods were followed to demonstrate the antimicrobial potentials of the above herbal extracts. Further, different volumes of ampicillin at the concentration of 1 mg/ml were used to compare the genuine bacterial inhibition (3 µL with 1.5 cm zone). Lemon behaved excellently in a way by displaying better bacterial inhibition against both E. coli (3 µL with 1.2 cm zone) and B. Subtilis (3 µL with 0.6 cm zone), whereas onion extract was not at the level of lemon extract; however, it still displayed a good inhibition. The turbidity assay confirms the inhibition efficiency of lemon and onion against both E. coli and B. subtilis. In the liquid medium lemon shows higher inhibition (2 & 3 folds) on bacteria than that of ampicillin and onion. Cell count and UV-vis spectroscopy analysis at 600 nm also conform to the efficacy of lemon inhibition against E. coli and B. subtilis. This experiment confirms that lemon extract is an excellent and better substitute for commercially available ampicillin for bacterial inhibition.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135139894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imane GHENABZİA, Hadia HEMMAMİ, Ilham BEN AMOR, Soumeia ZEGHOUD, Bachir BEN SEGHİR, Rokaia HAMMOUDİ
As of yet, there isn't a single technique that is accepted as the standard for extracting bioactive chemicals from plants. Methods. The effectiveness of both traditional and unconventional extraction methods largely depends on key input variables, knowledge of the composition of plant matter, bioactive chemical chemistry, and scientific knowledge. Results. The necessity for the most suitable and standardized technology to separate active ingredients for plant matter is highlighted by the utilization of bioactive chemicals in several economic sectors, including the pharmaceutical, food, and chemical industries. This review aimed to discuss there are several extraction methods and their basic mechanisms for the extraction of bioactive substances from medicinal plants.
{"title":"Different methods of extraction of bioactive compounds and their effect on biological activity: A review","authors":"Imane GHENABZİA, Hadia HEMMAMİ, Ilham BEN AMOR, Soumeia ZEGHOUD, Bachir BEN SEGHİR, Rokaia HAMMOUDİ","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1225936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1225936","url":null,"abstract":"As of yet, there isn't a single technique that is accepted as the standard for extracting bioactive chemicals from plants. Methods. The effectiveness of both traditional and unconventional extraction methods largely depends on key input variables, knowledge of the composition of plant matter, bioactive chemical chemistry, and scientific knowledge. Results. The necessity for the most suitable and standardized technology to separate active ingredients for plant matter is highlighted by the utilization of bioactive chemicals in several economic sectors, including the pharmaceutical, food, and chemical industries. This review aimed to discuss there are several extraction methods and their basic mechanisms for the extraction of bioactive substances from medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nor El Houda TAHİRİ, Asmae LAGHOUİZİ, Abderrazak ABOULGHAZİ, Najoua SOULO, Badiaa LYOUSSİ, Lalla Aicha LRHORFİ
Diuretic medications are widely used and can come with negative effects. Because they are effective and have fewer adverse effects than other treatments for renal illness, medicinal plants have become increasingly important. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant ability and the impact of Laurus nobilis extract (flower) on diuresis in rats. Two doses of 200 mg and 400 mg of Laurus nobilis extract were used to treat rats for thirty days. Then, we assessed all changes induced in urine and plasma parameters of rats, using furosemide as a standard drug. Further, we evaluated the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant ability (DPPH and FRAP) of the tested extract. The results obtained show that the administration of a single dose of Laurus nobilis extract improved the urine flow significantly after 4 h of treatment. Similarly, both doses of the tested extract enhanced sodium, potassium, and chloride excretion without inducing hypokalemia. A similar tendency was recorded for both urine and creatinine, while the results of the furosemide group revealed a significant hypokalemia effect of the standard drug. Laurus nobilis demonstrated superior antioxidant and diuretic effects without inducing hypokalemia due to the higher content of phenolic and flavonoid content. However, more advanced studies are required to explore the constituents of Laurus nobilis extracts and essential oils, as well as to test their pertinent biological activities.
{"title":"Antioxidant and diuretic effects of flower extract of Laurus nobilis","authors":"Nor El Houda TAHİRİ, Asmae LAGHOUİZİ, Abderrazak ABOULGHAZİ, Najoua SOULO, Badiaa LYOUSSİ, Lalla Aicha LRHORFİ","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1107376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1107376","url":null,"abstract":"Diuretic medications are widely used and can come with negative effects. Because they are effective and have fewer adverse effects than other treatments for renal illness, medicinal plants have become increasingly important. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant ability and the impact of Laurus nobilis extract (flower) on diuresis in rats. Two doses of 200 mg and 400 mg of Laurus nobilis extract were used to treat rats for thirty days. Then, we assessed all changes induced in urine and plasma parameters of rats, using furosemide as a standard drug. Further, we evaluated the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant ability (DPPH and FRAP) of the tested extract. The results obtained show that the administration of a single dose of Laurus nobilis extract improved the urine flow significantly after 4 h of treatment. Similarly, both doses of the tested extract enhanced sodium, potassium, and chloride excretion without inducing hypokalemia. A similar tendency was recorded for both urine and creatinine, while the results of the furosemide group revealed a significant hypokalemia effect of the standard drug. Laurus nobilis demonstrated superior antioxidant and diuretic effects without inducing hypokalemia due to the higher content of phenolic and flavonoid content. However, more advanced studies are required to explore the constituents of Laurus nobilis extracts and essential oils, as well as to test their pertinent biological activities.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135875936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.51878/secondary.v3i3.2398
CHASIAH CHASIAH
This research was motivated by the low of students learning outcomes. Based of the observation we have done in chemistry for students class XI IPA in1-State Senior High School of Panti (SMAN 1 Panti), most of students scores were lower than the minimum standart score. This was shown in students daily exercise specifically in material of character determination and pH acid based solution. The data of tge second semester shows that the students’ scores for chemistry in XI IPA is far away from the expectation. The result shows 67,5% which should be 85%. This was caused by the chemistry teachers in SMAN 1 panti still use contextual approach and it makes students easily to get bored and get less motivation to learn. This weahness can be solved by using another approach for example inductive approach like discovery learning. This research is aired to improve students learning outcomes at grade XI IPA-1 SMA Negeri 1 Panti acedemia year 2021/2022 to applying discovery learning method through Worksheet Student. This research is Classroom Action Research which consisted two cycles. Each cycle involved: planning, action, observation and reflection. This research was conducted at grade XI IPA-1 at SMA Negeri 1 Panti academia year 2021/2022. Analysis technique used in this research was qualitative descriptive. The collecting data was observation, tes and documentation. The data is was sourced from teacher and students. This research indicated that the achievement of the application of discovery learning through worksheet student that the material of characters and pH acid base can improve the student learning outcomes. It can be seen from the improvement of average percentage students achievement is 11,28% of 69,03% in cycle I become 80,31% in cycle II. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, diperoleh bahwa nilai siswa banyak yang dibawah nilai Kriteria ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) untuk pelajaran kimia kelas XI IPA di SMA Negeri 1 Panti. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil penilaian harian siswa pada mata pelajaran kimia khususnya materi penentuan sifat dan pH larutan asam basa. Data nilai penilaian harian siswa yang terdapat dalam arsip nilai guru kimia kelas XI IPA semester dua bahwa ketuntasan klasikal jauh dari harapan yaitu 67,5%, yang seharusnya 85%. Rendahnya hasil belajar ini disebabkan guru kimia SMA Negeri 1 Panti dalam proses pembelajaran kimia di kelas masih menggunakan pendekatan konstektual, sehingga siswa mudah bosan, malas berpikir serta belajar. Kelemahan ini dapat diatasi melalui berbagai pendekatan antara lain pendekatan induktif seperti discovery learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPA-1 SMA Negeri 1 Panti Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022 dengan penerapan model pembelajaran disovery learning berbantuan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS). Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari 2 siklus. Satu siklus terdiri dari 4 taha
本研究的动机是学生的学习成绩低。这在学生的日常练习中表现得尤为明显，特别是在性格测定材料和酸碱液中。结果为67.5%，应该是85%。这是由于ssm1班的化学教师仍然使用情境教学法，这使得学生很容易感到无聊，缺乏学习的动力。这种缺陷可以通过使用另一种方法来解决，例如发现学习之类的归纳方法。本研究为课堂行动研究，分为两个周期。每个周期包括:计划、行动、观察和反思。本研究采用定性描述分析技术。收集资料为观察、测试和文献。数据来源于教师和学生。本研究表明，通过学生习题卡应用发现学习的成果表明，汉字和酸碱等材料可以提高学生的学习效果。从学生平均成绩百分比的提高可以看出，从第一周期的69,03%提高到第二周期的80,31%。摘要/ abstract摘要:penelitian ini - dilata - belakangi - belakangi - rendahnya - belajar - siswa。哈尔尼达帕特·迪利特·达里·阿萨姆·巴沙，巴基斯坦，巴基斯坦，巴基斯坦，巴基斯坦，巴基斯坦，巴基斯坦，巴基斯坦。1 . Panti dalam提出了一种新的方法，即:在印度，在印度，在印度，在印度，在印度，在印度，在印度，在印度。Kelemahan说:“独立发现学习是一种新的发现学习方法。”Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari 2 siklus。Satu sikus terdiri dari 4 tahap terdiri dari: perencanan, pelaksanaan, observasi and refleksi。技术分析杨迪库纳坎的产品质量。彭根蒲兰的数据是由彭根蒲兰的技术观测得来的，是由彭根蒲兰的技术观测得来的。数据消费大师dan siswa。peneltian ini menunjukkan hasil penerapan模型penbelajan发现学习berbantuan LKS pada材料penbelajan sifat and pH larutan basa dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa。Hal ini terlihat dari adanya peningkatan perase rata-rata hasil belajar siswa sebesar 11,28% dari 69,03% dalam kategori cuup pada siklus I menjadi 80,31% berada pada kategori baik pada siklus II。
{"title":"PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING BERBANTUAN LKS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI PENENTUAN SIFAT DAN PH LARUTAN ASAM-BASA KELAS XI IPA SMA NEGERI 1 PANTI","authors":"CHASIAH CHASIAH","doi":"10.51878/secondary.v3i3.2398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51878/secondary.v3i3.2398","url":null,"abstract":"This research was motivated by the low of students learning outcomes. Based of the observation we have done in chemistry for students class XI IPA in1-State Senior High School of Panti (SMAN 1 Panti), most of students scores were lower than the minimum standart score. This was shown in students daily exercise specifically in material of character determination and pH acid based solution. The data of tge second semester shows that the students’ scores for chemistry in XI IPA is far away from the expectation. The result shows 67,5% which should be 85%. This was caused by the chemistry teachers in SMAN 1 panti still use contextual approach and it makes students easily to get bored and get less motivation to learn. This weahness can be solved by using another approach for example inductive approach like discovery learning. This research is aired to improve students learning outcomes at grade XI IPA-1 SMA Negeri 1 Panti acedemia year 2021/2022 to applying discovery learning method through Worksheet Student. This research is Classroom Action Research which consisted two cycles. Each cycle involved: planning, action, observation and reflection. This research was conducted at grade XI IPA-1 at SMA Negeri 1 Panti academia year 2021/2022. Analysis technique used in this research was qualitative descriptive. The collecting data was observation, tes and documentation. The data is was sourced from teacher and students. This research indicated that the achievement of the application of discovery learning through worksheet student that the material of characters and pH acid base can improve the student learning outcomes. It can be seen from the improvement of average percentage students achievement is 11,28% of 69,03% in cycle I become 80,31% in cycle II. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, diperoleh bahwa nilai siswa banyak yang dibawah nilai Kriteria ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) untuk pelajaran kimia kelas XI IPA di SMA Negeri 1 Panti. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil penilaian harian siswa pada mata pelajaran kimia khususnya materi penentuan sifat dan pH larutan asam basa. Data nilai penilaian harian siswa yang terdapat dalam arsip nilai guru kimia kelas XI IPA semester dua bahwa ketuntasan klasikal jauh dari harapan yaitu 67,5%, yang seharusnya 85%. Rendahnya hasil belajar ini disebabkan guru kimia SMA Negeri 1 Panti dalam proses pembelajaran kimia di kelas masih menggunakan pendekatan konstektual, sehingga siswa mudah bosan, malas berpikir serta belajar. Kelemahan ini dapat diatasi melalui berbagai pendekatan antara lain pendekatan induktif seperti discovery learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPA-1 SMA Negeri 1 Panti Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022 dengan penerapan model pembelajaran disovery learning berbantuan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS). Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari 2 siklus. Satu siklus terdiri dari 4 taha","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136214887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Essential oil (EO) from the sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown in the Jhum cultivations located in Bangladesh was screened for chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. EO yield from the Jhum-cultivar O. basilicum was 1.55% (v/w). Analysis of EO indicated the presence of several bioactive compounds, among which Geranial (35.5%) and cis-citral (26.2%) are of significant content. The EO showed antioxidant activities inhibiting DPPH radical with a mean value of 45.7% at 2.4 mg mL–1 of EO. The EO has susceptibility against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Micrococcus spp.), with a notable activity against the Gram-positive bacteria.
{"title":"Chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Bangladesh-origin Jhum-cultivar basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil","authors":"Suman BARUA, Kajalika DEWAN, Saiful ISLAM, Suman MOJUMDER, Ovi SİKDER, Rajib SARKAR, Hiroshi HASEGAWA, Ismail M.m. RAHMAN","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1230316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1230316","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oil (EO) from the sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown in the Jhum cultivations located in Bangladesh was screened for chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. EO yield from the Jhum-cultivar O. basilicum was 1.55% (v/w). Analysis of EO indicated the presence of several bioactive compounds, among which Geranial (35.5%) and cis-citral (26.2%) are of significant content. The EO showed antioxidant activities inhibiting DPPH radical with a mean value of 45.7% at 2.4 mg mL–1 of EO. The EO has susceptibility against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Micrococcus spp.), with a notable activity against the Gram-positive bacteria.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135164745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the effect of palm kernel powder (PKP), a vegetable waste, on the quality parameters of bread and dough was investigated. For this purpose, farinograph and extensograph values of doughs made from PKP-flour (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%) mixed flours were investigated. Weight, volume, specific volume, crust color, inner color and firmness values were investigated in bread made from mixed flour. The results showed that the water absorption, development time, stability, resistance to extension and maximum resistance values of the dough increased with the increase in the amount of PKP. It also decreased in degree of softening, extensibility and energy levels. The change in softening degree and stability values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). PKP additive caused a firmer structure in bread samples. It was observed that the weight, volume, specific volume, first-day hardness and third-day hardness values of the bread increased with the increase in PKP. L* and a* values of bread crust color and inner color decreased with the addition of PKP. The increase in PKP had a positive effect on bread quality by increasing dough stability and bread volume values.
{"title":"Investigation of the effect of using palm kernel powder in bread flour on quality parameters of flour","authors":"Yavuz Yüksel, M. Demir","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1280767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1280767","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of palm kernel powder (PKP), a vegetable waste, on the quality parameters of bread and dough was investigated. For this purpose, farinograph and extensograph values of doughs made from PKP-flour (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%) mixed flours were investigated. Weight, volume, specific volume, crust color, inner color and firmness values were investigated in bread made from mixed flour. The results showed that the water absorption, development time, stability, resistance to extension and maximum resistance values of the dough increased with the increase in the amount of PKP. It also decreased in degree of softening, extensibility and energy levels. The change in softening degree and stability values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). PKP additive caused a firmer structure in bread samples. It was observed that the weight, volume, specific volume, first-day hardness and third-day hardness values of the bread increased with the increase in PKP. L* and a* values of bread crust color and inner color decreased with the addition of PKP. The increase in PKP had a positive effect on bread quality by increasing dough stability and bread volume values.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139359133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Önem, Firdevs MERT SİVRİ, S. Akkoç, Cennet Çirrik, Aleyna Ezer
Nanotechnology has recently emerged as an essential field of study in modern materials science. The green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts is of great interest because it is cost-effective, eco-friendly, and suitable for large-scale production. The study highlights the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Laurus nobilis (L. nobilis) leaf extract and their characterization and biological activities for potential applications in the biomedical field. ZnO NPs were synthesized using Laurus nobilis leaf extract. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, and FT-IR. According to TEM and XRD diffraction analysis, with a mean particle size of 16 ± 5 nm, it was found that the synthesized ZnO NPs contain a hexagonal wurtzite structure. ZnO NPs have antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). The antiproliferative activity of ZnO NPs was tested against the human colon cancer cell line and mouse normal fibroblast cell line using MTT assay in vitro. The results show that the prepared nanoparticles had antiproliferative in screened incubation time and concentrations.
{"title":"Biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Laurus nobilis leaf extract and investigation of antiproliferative and antibacterial activity potential","authors":"E. Önem, Firdevs MERT SİVRİ, S. Akkoç, Cennet Çirrik, Aleyna Ezer","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1266244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1266244","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology has recently emerged as an essential field of study in modern materials science. The green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts is of great interest because it is cost-effective, eco-friendly, and suitable for large-scale production. The study highlights the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Laurus nobilis (L. nobilis) leaf extract and their characterization and biological activities for potential applications in the biomedical field. ZnO NPs were synthesized using Laurus nobilis leaf extract. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, and FT-IR. According to TEM and XRD diffraction analysis, with a mean particle size of 16 ± 5 nm, it was found that the synthesized ZnO NPs contain a hexagonal wurtzite structure. ZnO NPs have antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). The antiproliferative activity of ZnO NPs was tested against the human colon cancer cell line and mouse normal fibroblast cell line using MTT assay in vitro. The results show that the prepared nanoparticles had antiproliferative in screened incubation time and concentrations.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43284828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raey Yohanes, Milkyas ENDALE ANNİSA, Dr Teshome Geremew, Tarekegn Tafese
The increasing prevalence of drug resistance, adverse side effects of existing antibiotics, and the resurgence of previously known infections have necessitated the search for new, safe, and effective antimicrobial agents. The peels of Citrus sinensis (300 g) were extracted using maceration and ultrasonic-assisted extraction methods with ethanol, resulting in yields of 20.99 g and 11.5 g (7%, 7.5%), respectively. Silica gel column chromatographic separation of the ethanol extract yielded N-(1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxydecan-2-y1)octanamide (1), decanoic acid (2), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside derivative (3), and (z)-ethyl tetradec-7-enoate (4). GC-MS analysis of the essential oil detected 7 chemical components accounting for 99.84% of the total composition of which limonene was found to be the predominant constituent (87.5%). In vitro antibacterial tests revealed promising zones of inhibition by ethanol extract (12.67±0.58 mm, at 150 mg/mL), compound 4 (15.67±2.88 mm, at 6 mg/mL), and compound 1 (12.00±0.00 mm, at 6 mg/mL) against E. faecalis, S. typhimurium, and P. aeruginosa, respectively, compared to gentamicin (13.00±1.73 mm, 18.00±1.00 mm, and 16.67±1.15 mm, respectively at 10 µg/mL). DPPH radical scavenging activity indicated that compound 1 exhibited an IC50 value of 0.05 mg/mL, compared to ascorbic acid's 0.016 mg/mL. In silico molecular docking studies revealed that compounds 1 and 3 had the lowest scoring poses against E. coli DNA gyrase B enzyme, human peroxiredoxin 5, and S. aureus pyruvate kinase, respectively. These findings support traditional applications of Citrus peels in treating infectious diseases, particularly against Gram-positive strains, and highlight their potential use as antibacterial ingredients in cosmetics.
{"title":"Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of compounds from Citrus sinensis peels and in silico molecular docking study","authors":"Raey Yohanes, Milkyas ENDALE ANNİSA, Dr Teshome Geremew, Tarekegn Tafese","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1180610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1180610","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing prevalence of drug resistance, adverse side effects of existing antibiotics, and the resurgence of previously known infections have necessitated the search for new, safe, and effective antimicrobial agents. The peels of Citrus sinensis (300 g) were extracted using maceration and ultrasonic-assisted extraction methods with ethanol, resulting in yields of 20.99 g and 11.5 g (7%, 7.5%), respectively. Silica gel column chromatographic separation of the ethanol extract yielded N-(1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxydecan-2-y1)octanamide (1), decanoic acid (2), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside derivative (3), and (z)-ethyl tetradec-7-enoate (4). GC-MS analysis of the essential oil detected 7 chemical components accounting for 99.84% of the total composition of which limonene was found to be the predominant constituent (87.5%). In vitro antibacterial tests revealed promising zones of inhibition by ethanol extract (12.67±0.58 mm, at 150 mg/mL), compound 4 (15.67±2.88 mm, at 6 mg/mL), and compound 1 (12.00±0.00 mm, at 6 mg/mL) against E. faecalis, S. typhimurium, and P. aeruginosa, respectively, compared to gentamicin (13.00±1.73 mm, 18.00±1.00 mm, and 16.67±1.15 mm, respectively at 10 µg/mL). DPPH radical scavenging activity indicated that compound 1 exhibited an IC50 value of 0.05 mg/mL, compared to ascorbic acid's 0.016 mg/mL. In silico molecular docking studies revealed that compounds 1 and 3 had the lowest scoring poses against E. coli DNA gyrase B enzyme, human peroxiredoxin 5, and S. aureus pyruvate kinase, respectively. These findings support traditional applications of Citrus peels in treating infectious diseases, particularly against Gram-positive strains, and highlight their potential use as antibacterial ingredients in cosmetics.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47919756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Al Zahraa Mohammed Said AL HADHRAMİE, Fatema Rashid Abdullah AL MAZROOEİ, Sheikha AL MAMARİ, Sakina Habib Juma AL HUMAİD, Shah Khan, Mohammad Jawaıd Akhtar
The study aimes to investigate the physicochemical properties of seven honey samples to assess their quality as per GCC Standardization Organization (GSO) and international standard parameters. Seven honey samples, four marketed honey samples, and three locally produced Omani honey were collected and analysed for the pH, acidic content, % of insoluble matter, moisture content, proline, hydroxyl methyl furfural (HMF) and total reducing sugar contents. The results showed that pH of the tested honey samples are within the limit however acidity of the three samples did not comply with the prescribed limits. The moisture, proline, and hydroxy methyl furfural (HMF) contents of the honey samples tested are found to be within the acceptable range. However, the % of insoluble matter expressed for locally produced Sidr, Sumer, and Zah’r honey samples was below the maximum limit (0.5%) while marketed honey samples exceeded the limits of GSO (0.1%). The total reducing sugar concentration was below the limit in terms of four samples. Most of the tested honey samples meet the International/GSO standards for quality while a few failed to comply with acidity limits, the total reducing sugars content, and % of insoluble matter.
{"title":"Physicochemical evaluation to assess the quality of honey samples marketed in Oman","authors":"Al Zahraa Mohammed Said AL HADHRAMİE, Fatema Rashid Abdullah AL MAZROOEİ, Sheikha AL MAMARİ, Sakina Habib Juma AL HUMAİD, Shah Khan, Mohammad Jawaıd Akhtar","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1246530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1246530","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimes to investigate the physicochemical properties of seven honey samples to assess their quality as per GCC Standardization Organization (GSO) and international standard parameters. Seven honey samples, four marketed honey samples, and three locally produced Omani honey were collected and analysed for the pH, acidic content, % of insoluble matter, moisture content, proline, hydroxyl methyl furfural (HMF) and total reducing sugar contents. The results showed that pH of the tested honey samples are within the limit however acidity of the three samples did not comply with the prescribed limits. The moisture, proline, and hydroxy methyl furfural (HMF) contents of the honey samples tested are found to be within the acceptable range. However, the % of insoluble matter expressed for locally produced Sidr, Sumer, and Zah’r honey samples was below the maximum limit (0.5%) while marketed honey samples exceeded the limits of GSO (0.1%). The total reducing sugar concentration was below the limit in terms of four samples. Most of the tested honey samples meet the International/GSO standards for quality while a few failed to comply with acidity limits, the total reducing sugars content, and % of insoluble matter.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48486231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hossain, Salem Said Jaroof AL TOUBY, Ahmed Abu Sham, Waleed Khalid Hilal AL RAJHİ, Ali Attia Abedlnaeem Attia Salem
Antibiotics have been widely used in the food industry, and their utilization has increased tremendously. Foodstuffs sometimes comprise excessive amounts of antibiotic residues due to a lack of awareness and misuse of these valuable drugs. The misuse of antibiotics in foods has led to the growth of bacterial resistance. Over the past century, the increasing use and abuse of antibiotics in food animals have directed to the prevalent transmission of bacterial and genetic resistance between animals and humans. Antibiotic residue from foods is considered a significant contaminant that threatens human health worldwide. Awareness and training on the application of antibiotics among farmers and drug sellers can rationalize the use of antibiotics in food animals. The Government of Oman should create and firmly implement application guidelines to regulate the use and prevent the misuse of antibiotics in foodstuffs sectors. This review aims to explore the current status of antibiotic residue in foodstuffs, and their detection, separation, and identification technologies in use. The review also highlights alternative ways to fight bacterial resistance.
{"title":"Review on antibiotics residues and their extraction and detection methods in highly consumed foodstuffs","authors":"M. Hossain, Salem Said Jaroof AL TOUBY, Ahmed Abu Sham, Waleed Khalid Hilal AL RAJHİ, Ali Attia Abedlnaeem Attia Salem","doi":"10.21448/ijsm.1247832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1247832","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotics have been widely used in the food industry, and their utilization has increased tremendously. Foodstuffs sometimes comprise excessive amounts of antibiotic residues due to a lack of awareness and misuse of these valuable drugs. The misuse of antibiotics in foods has led to the growth of bacterial resistance. Over the past century, the increasing use and abuse of antibiotics in food animals have directed to the prevalent transmission of bacterial and genetic resistance between animals and humans. Antibiotic residue from foods is considered a significant contaminant that threatens human health worldwide. Awareness and training on the application of antibiotics among farmers and drug sellers can rationalize the use of antibiotics in food animals. The Government of Oman should create and firmly implement application guidelines to regulate the use and prevent the misuse of antibiotics in foodstuffs sectors. This review aims to explore the current status of antibiotic residue in foodstuffs, and their detection, separation, and identification technologies in use. The review also highlights alternative ways to fight bacterial resistance.","PeriodicalId":14437,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Secondary Metabolite","volume":"74 S107","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41257781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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