International journal of sports medicine最新文献

Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered to be a condition attributable to ageing; however, symptoms can start under 45 years old in one-fifth of patients. Exercise therapy is recommended as first-line treatment in all OA guidance; however, uncertainty remains regarding optimal exercise programmes (including strength, aerobic or mind-body interventions) as different populations might respond better to one intervention than another. This review aims to understand the evidence surrounding exercise interventions for OA in younger adults (18-50 years old). An umbrella review methodology was adopted. Individual studies included in 50 systematic reviews (±meta-analyses) published in the last decade were reviewed and those involving participants aged 18-50 were selected. Five papers, from a potential 1046, involved appropriate participants and underwent full-text review. Two were excluded due to pathology and language; therefore, three studies with 265 participants were included. Exercise interventions included strength-based, neuromuscular control and aerobic and were delivered under supervision or via sensor or virtual reality technology. Interventions improved pain, functional, cartilage composition and inflammatory outcomes measures; however, study heterogeneity prevented direct comparison and meta-analysis. There is a clear bias in the literature for an older population, with research and clinical interventions required for a younger adult population with, or at risk of, OA.

This scoping review (1) summarizes postexercise recovery methods for combat sports (CS) athletes and (2) synthesizes their effects on key biochemical, physiological, and physical outcomes. Trained CS athletes were included. Studies examined active (exercise) and passive (e.g., compression) recovery methods, comparing them to controls or alternatives. Outcomes-biochemical, physiological, or physical-were measured pre- and postintervention in experimental and quasi-experimental designs. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using a modified version of the Downs and Black assessment scale. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. This review of 27 articles (554 athletes) found mixed effects of recovery methods on biochemistry. Active recovery aids acute lactate reduction, while compression and dry needling enhance pain threshold, perfusion, and muscle tone at 24-48 hours. Most methods have little impact on immediate performance, with few surpassing passive recovery at 24 hours. Different methods are studied in CS, though benefits for biochemical and physical outcomes appear limited. Active recovery aids lactate clearance, while compression and dry needling offer physiological benefits at 24-48 hours. Coaches may use these methods to improve metabolic and muscle recovery posttraining; however, these approaches should be designed to meet the training demands, athlete preferences, and recovery timelines.

Perturbation training is commonly applied; however, its effects on the peroneal muscle remain underexplored in the female basketball player population. This study aimed to investigate the effects of perturbation-based neuromuscular training (PNT) on dynamic balance, peroneal muscle strength, endurance, and functional performance in young female basketball players. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with forty young female basketball players. The players were assigned to either a perturbation-based neuromuscular training group (PG) (n=20) or a control group (CG) (n=20) by simple random allocation. PG received an 8-week neuromuscular training program (two sessions/wk) in addition to routine basketball training, while CG attended routine training only. Dynamic balance, peroneal muscle eccentric strength, endurance, vertical jump (VJ), and side hop (SH) tests were evaluated. Dynamic balance was evaluated with the Y balance test, and peroneal muscle eccentric strength and endurance were evaluated with the Cybex dynamometer. PG demonstrated significant improvements in dynamic balance (p=0.000), VJ (p=0.0049), and SH performance (p=0.010) after the training program, analyzed with analysis of variance. Peroneal eccentric strength significantly increased in PG (p=0.001 right, p=0.020 left). Both groups showed improvements in peroneal muscle endurance parameters; however, the PG group improved significantly (p=0.004 right, p=0.025 left). An 8-week PNT significantly enhances dynamic balance, eccentric eversion strength, and jump performance while contributing to reduced peroneal muscular fatigue in young female basketball players.

In the last decades, gait variability (GV) has provided new insight into motor control. No study, though, quantified the GV together with bilateral symmetry at different running intensities in runners. For this aim, 16 male runners (35±6 y), after a simulated 10-km time trial (average speed, TT), performed randomly three 15-minute running bouts at TT running speed, 10% slower, and 10% faster than TT. Metabolic, perceptive, and spatiotemporal parameters with phase coordination index (PCI) were collected across all trials. The TT was 14.16±1.65 km·h^-1, rating of perceived exertion of 8.94±0.36 a.u. and 95.25±5.83% of the maximum heart rate. The PCI was lower at TT speed than at other speeds (p=0.002). The energy cost of running was higher at slower speeds in comparison to TT speed and higher speed conditions (p=0.029 and p=0.017, respectively). The ratings of perceived exertion, heart rate, oxygen consumption, flight time, and stride length increased according to the speed (p<0.05). The finding that the PCI is better at 10-km race speed suggests that improved ability to modulate the right-left stepping control is related to an energetic optimization process impacting positively the talent development and performance in trained runners. Although the metabolic cost estimates are grounded in a robust theoretical framework, these findings necessitate further empirical verification.

Rugby union ('rugby') is a full-contact sport, with previous studies across the globe reporting a high incidence of injury. However, no injury surveillance study of professional male players in Scotland exists in contemporary literature. The current study therefore aimed to describe the incidence, severity, burden and nature of match and training injuries sustained by male professional club rugby players in Scotland. A prospective cohort study of injuries sustained during matches and training across the 2017/18 and 2018/19 seasons was undertaken, with injury and exposure definitions in line with the international consensus statements. Injury incidence was 136.2/1,000 player match hours and 4.1/1,000 player training hours, the median injury severity was 7.0 days (match) and 7.5 days (training) and injury burden was 2,887.0/1,000 player match hours and 102.3/1,000 player training hours. Concussion (match) and posterior thigh muscle injuries (training) were the most common specific diagnoses. Injury incidence in this population was higher than reported elsewhere in previous studies. However, high incidences of tackle injuries and concussion injuries agree with previous literature, reinforcing the need for mitigation strategies targeting these areas.

We evaluated performance and salary outcomes following ulnar collateral ligament surgery in Major League Baseball pitchers. This retrospective cohort included 277 pitchers who underwent surgery between 2000 and 2024. Among the 267 pitchers with available return-to-play data, 85% returned to professional competition and 35% had a multiyear contract at the time of injury. Performance, measured as league-adjusted changes in earned run average, fielding independent pitching, and walks plus hits per inning pitched, declined significantly after return (earned run average:+1.45, 95% confidence interval: 0.63-2.26, and p=0.01; fielding independent pitching:+0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.50-1.27, and p<0.01; walks plus hits per inning pitched:+0.26, 95% confidence interval: 0.14-0.37, and p<0.01). In contrast, salary increased by an average of 16.6% after era adjustment. In multivariable models, greater Major League Baseball experience before injury (p=0.03), higher pre-injury wins above replacement (p<0.01), and multiyear contract status (p<0.01) independently predicted higher post-injury salary, while age, handedness, and in-season injury were not significant. Having a multiyear contract was also the only significant predictor of return-to-play (p=0.049). Overall, Major League Baseball pitchers demonstrated significant performance declines despite salary growth, reflecting service-time progression and contractual security rather than immediate post-injury output.

Futsal is a high-intensity sport with a significant risk of injury; however, current literature lacks consensus on the most prevalent injury patterns in this discipline. This study aims to describe the types and frequencies of injuries sustained by elite futsal players. We conducted an observational, retrospective analysis of injuries recorded over nine consecutive seasons within a single club, encompassing six different competitive categories. A total of 214 male athletes were monitored, representing 671 player-seasons, during which 1,043 injuries were documented. Muscle-tendon injuries of the thigh were the most frequently reported, followed by ligament injuries of the knee and ankle. Among muscle-tendon injuries, biceps femoris was the most injured muscle, while anterior cruciate ligament ruptures were the injuries associated with a higher time-loss. These findings highlight the specific anatomical regions most vulnerable to injury in elite futsal and underscore the need for targeted prevention strategies. By providing a detailed injury profile across multiple competitive levels, this study provides a starting point for the development of evidence-based injury prevention and rehabilitation programs.

This study aimed to assess the level of agreement between internal (i.e., oxygen uptake, heart rate, or ratings of perceived exertion) and external load markers (power output) at critical power intensity, compared to the first ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point, and maximum oxygen uptake derived from the cardiopulmonary exercise test, and estimate critical power from values derived from the cardiopulmonary exercise test in trained cyclists. Fourteen (13 males and 1 female) road master cyclists completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test to determine the first ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point, and maximum oxygen uptake. On a subsequent day, they completed three maximal time-trial tests to estimate critical power and W'. Associated physiological and perceptual values at critical power were estimated from linear regressions applied to the cardiopulmonary exercise test results. Internal and external markers significantly (p<0.05) increased from the first ventilatory threshold to the respiratory compensation point and then maximum oxygen uptake. There were no significant differences between internal and external markers at the respiratory compensation point vs. critical power with strong correlations between responses. However, there was a mean bias for responses at respiratory compensation point markers to overestimate some responses at critical power (power output and oxygen uptake by ~8%). This study shows that critical power can be estimated from a single cardiopulmonary exercise test. While the respiratory compensation point is not a reliable critical power substitute, predictive equations improve its estimation for more precise prescriptions in trained cyclists.

Every paper in the International Journal of Sports Medicine from 1980 to 2024 (n=5,176) was reviewed to quantify female and male research participants and authors. Female individuals accounted for 23% of participants. One contributor to this under-representation is that the number of studies that include male participants is 3,847 versus 1,826 studies with female participants. Also, 417 studies included only female participants versus 2,436 studies including only male participants. Furthermore, female authors accounted for 18% of the total authors over the history of the International Journal of Sports Medicine (1,947 female and 8,698 male authors). There were also 859 papers with female first/last authors versus 1,212 papers with male first/last authors. Thus, this journal has substantially less of HERstory than HIStory, in terms of research participants and manuscript authors. Using these data, we also 'forecast' when equal representation might be achieved (when the number of female and male authors/participants at that time would be equal in a given year). The predicted timelines to achieve this were: ~800 years for female research participants, ~ 46 years for female participant studies, ~ 155 years for female only participant studies, ~22 years for female and male authors, and ~ 13 years for female and male first/last authors.

This study aimed to determine whether acute ischemic preconditioning enhances performance in the Jiu-Jitsu anaerobic performance test and its influence on physiological responses in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu fighters. Seventeen male fighters completed two randomized crossover sessions (ischemic preconditioning and placebo). The ischemic preconditioning protocol consisted of three cycles of 5-minute occlusion at 220 mm Hg followed by 5-minute reperfusion. Performance was assessed using the Jiu-Jitsu anaerobic performance test, while physiological markers included the heart rate, blood lactate, muscle oxygenation, countermovement jump, rating of perceived exertion, and session rating of perceived exertion. Ischemic preconditioning increased total repetitions performed in the Jiu-Jitsu anaerobic performance test (p=0.003) and enhanced muscle oxygenation (p<0.0001). Under the placebo condition, the pre-countermovement jump was higher than the post-countermovement jump (p=0.006). However, under the ischemic preconditioning condition, no significant difference was observed between pre- and post-countermovement jump (p=0.99). No significant differences were observed for heart rate or blood lactate (p>0.05). Additionally, ischemic preconditioning reduced the session rating of perceived exertion compared to the placebo (p=0.04), suggesting a lower session rating of perceived exertion. We concluded that acute ischemic preconditioning induces small but significant improvements in performance and muscle oxygenation, while reducing fatigue and session rating of perceived exertion in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu athletes, supporting its use as an ergogenic aid in training.