International journal of sports medicine最新文献

The proliferation of wearable devices, especially over the past decade, has been remarkable. Wearable technology is used not only by competitive and recreational athletes but is also becoming an integral part of healthcare and public health settings. However, despite the technological advancements and improved algorithms offering rich opportunities, wearables also face several obstacles. This review aims to highlight these obstacles, including the prerequisites for harnessing wearables to improve performance and health, the need for data accuracy and reproducibility, user engagement and adherence, ethical considerations in data harvesting, and potential future research directions. Researchers, healthcare professionals, coaches, and users should be cognizant of these challenges to unlock the full potential of wearables for public health research, disease surveillance, outbreak prediction, and other important applications. By addressing these challenges, the impact of wearable technology can be significantly enhanced, leading to more precise and personalized health interventions, improved athletic performance, and more robust public health strategies. This paper underscores the transformative potential of wearables and their role in advancing the future of exercise prescription, sports medicine and health.

Jump actions are common in several sports, and their performance is related to a myriad of biomechanical and physiological factors, with links to athletic performance and imbalances. Currently, a valid, field-based, easy-to-use tool to assess the quality of an explosive jump movement, similar to the required sports movements, is unavailable. Thus, the present study aimed to design and validate a field-based, easy-to-use tool that can be used to assess the quality of movement during an explosive single-leg countermovement jump (SL-CMJ). Ten experts participated in the content validation process for the checklist, including checking item relevance, definition accuracy, and scoring adequacy. Content validity was measured using the Aikens V format. The checklist included the items "Foot orientation," "Knee valgus/varus," "Internal/external hip flexed orientation," "Pelvis tilt," "Thorax tilt," "Thorax rotation," "Foot pronation/supination," "Asymmetrical hip," and "Lumbo-pelvic association". The items achieved a 0.60-0.99 in relevance, 0.70-1.00 in definition accuracy, and 0.80-0.83 in scoring adequacies in the Aikens V proof. The results from the context validation process suggest that the tool may be appropriate to assess athletes' quality of explosive movement. Furthermore, the results derived from such assessments may help to design better and safer training interventions.

This study investigated the associations between pre-season and in-season performance with external workload in professional soccer players. Twenty-one players completed hamstring strength, countermovement jump (CMJ), 20-m sprint, and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery tests before (pre-season) and after 8 weeks (in-season). External workload (total distance, high-intensity running distance, number of sprints, and power plays) was quantified during this period, and used to divide the average above and below subgroups outcome by outcome for further analyses. Significance was accepted when P≤0.05. Hamstring strength declined from pre- to in-season [- 6%; p=0.014; effect size (ES): - 0.41], while Yo-Yo performance improved (46%; p=0.001; ES: 1.31). When divided by high-intensity running distance, only the below-average subgroup improved CMJ performance (5%; p=0.030). For minutes played, the above-average subgroup improved Yo-Yo performance (41%; p<0.001), but not the below-average subgroup. Furthermore, playing time correlated with improved Yo-Yo performance (p=0.040; r=0.534). Improved 20-m sprint performance associated with more sprints performed (p=0.045; r=- 0.453). Physical capabilities changed over a competitive season and were related to, and differentiated by, external workload. Because hamstring strength decreased and CMJ only improved in players exposed to less high-intensity external load, practitioners should individualize approaches to counteract these conditions when high external workload is performed over the season.

This study aimed to assess the levels of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) markers in individuals adhering to vegan and omnivore diets after engaging in acute resistance exercise. A total of 54 untrained young, healthy, normal-body-weight women (age: 26.8±4.1 years; body mass index: 22.5±2.7 kg/m²) participated in the study. Participants were categorized into two groups: vegans (n=27) and omnivores (n=27) based on their dietary preferences, with all subjects having adhered to their respective diets for a minimum of 2 years. DOMS was induced by a single eccentric resistance exercise session, comprising four exercises (leg press, chest press, leg curls, and arm curls), each consisting of four sets of 10 repetitions. Various measurements, including dietary factors, state of wellness, body composition, muscle circumferences, muscle pressure point thresholds (PPTs), and muscle strength, were recorded both before and 48 hours after the exercise session. The results showed that wellness and muscle circumferences remained unchanged or displayed similar changes between the vegan and omnivore groups following acute resistance exercise. However, notable differences were observed in PPTs in favor of vegans, specifically for the right biceps (95% CI: 1.4 to 10.2; p=0.01), the left vastus medialis (95% CI: 0.5 to 6.4; p=0.02), and the right vastus lateralis (95% CI: 3.2 to 12.1; p=0.001). Furthermore, significant differences in right grip strength were found in favor of vegans after the exercise session (95% CI: 3.1 to 26.2; p=0.01). In conclusion, our findings suggest that vegans may experience more favorable changes in DOMS levels following acute resistance exercise in comparison to omnivores. This discrepancy in DOMS markers may indicate enhanced muscle recovery in vegans.

Bridging exercises are commonly performed by people with low back pain (LBP). However, the effect of the contraction mode in a bridging exercise on the hemodynamics of the low back muscle has not been investigated in people with and without LBP. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the mode of bridging exercise on oxygenation of the low back muscle. A near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure hemodynamic responses of the erector spinae between isometric and dynamic bridging exercises in 16 healthy participants. The results demonstrated that during exercise, the isometric bridging exercise significantly decreased oxyhemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin compared to the dynamic bridging exercise (oxyhemoglobin, t=- 3.109, p=0.007, Cohen's d=0.68 and deoxy-hemoglobin, t=- 2.193, P=0.046, Cohen's d=0.60). The results also demonstrated that after exercise, the dynamic bridging exercise induced a significantly higher oxygenation response (oxygenation, t=- 2.178, P=0.048, Cohen's d=0.43). This study indicates that the dynamic bridging exercise is more effective in improving oxygenation of low back muscles.

Resistance training is the most effective strategy to modify muscle architecture, enhancing sport performance and reducing injury risk. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of high loads (HL) versus lower loads (LL), maximal versus submaximal efforts, and high frequency (HF) versus low frequency (LF) on quadriceps architectural adaptations in team sports players. Five databases were searched. Vastus lateralis thickness, fascicle length and pennation angle, and rectus femoris thickness were analyzed as main outcomes. Overall, resistance training significantly improved muscle thickness and pennation angle, but not fascicle length. LL led to greater fascicle length adaptations in the vastus lateralis compared to HL (p=0.01), while no substantial differences were found for other load comparisons. Degree of effort and training frequency did not show meaningful differences (p>0.05). In conclusion, LL lengthen the fascicle to a greater extent than HL, and training with LL twice a week could maximize architectural adaptations, whereas the degree of effort does not appear to be a determinant variable on quadriceps architectural adaptations.

The objective was to analyze the longitudinal associations of physical activity (PA) and Sedentary behavior (SB) on bone health indicators (BHI) in healthy young adults. Articles were selected from five databases and 17 longitudinal studies were selected after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among these, only one study assessed the association between childhood PA and adult BHI, the results showed no significant association between PA and BHI. Positive associations between adolescence and adulthood were observed between PA with bone mineral content and density and bone microarchitecture. In adulthood, the results were divergent; among the three studies located, two found a positive association. SB was negatively associated with bone mineral density and content from childhood to adulthood. However, from adolescence to adulthood, it was negatively associated with total tibia area but positively associated with trabecular thickness, cortical thickness, and cortical bone mineral. The evidence of the positive effect of PA and its intensities between adolescence and adulthood on BHI seems to be more consolidated, and it is still necessary to understand the role of intensities, volume of PA and SB in different periods of life with BHI in adulthood.

The aim of this study was to examine the acute metabolic response, neuromuscular activity, and mechanical performance of different set configurations in bench-press (BP). Twenty-two resistance-trained men performed three resistance exercise protocols consisting of 3 x 12 BP repetitions at 60% 1RM, with 4 minutes of rest between sets, but with different set configurations: (a) traditional set (TS), without rest within the set; (b) cluster-6 (CS6), with 30-second intraset rest after the sixth repetition in each set; and (c) cluster-2 (CS2), with 30-second intraset rest every two repetitions. Mean propulsive force (MPF), velocity (MPV), power (MPP), and electromyography (EMG) values were recorded for each repetition. Blood lactate, maximal voluntary isometric BP contraction, and dynamic strength in BP were assessed pre- and post-exercise. The CS2 protocol resulted in greater mechanical performance (i. e. MPF, MPV, and MPP) and lower alterations of EMG parameters (i. e. root mean square and median frequency) during the exercise compared to CS6 and TS (TS

Exercise-induced hypertension (EIH) is thought to be associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risks. However, no previous studies have investigated the effects of EIH on CV systems in marathon runners without CV risk factors using both 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring and exercise stress echocardiography (ESE). This study firstly described differences in CV adaptations according to EIH assessed by both exams. Marathon runners between 35 and 64 years of age without CV risk factors were eligible. All the participants underwent both 24-hr ambulatory BP monitoring and ESE. EIH was defined as a maximal exercise systolic BP≥210 mmHg. The EIH group (n=19) had shorter training history and higher exercise intensity compared to the non-EIH group (n=23). The average systolic BP was higher in the EIH group than in the non-EIH group. Left cardiac chamber size and left ventricular mass (LVM) were also higher in the EIH group compared to the non-EIH group. Maximal BP during ESE was positively correlated with both parameters. Exaggerated BP response during exercise needs to be monitored for pre-emptive measurements before it results in progressive cardiovascular maladaptation.