Objective: To assess antibiotic utilization pattern in surgery and pediatric and to explore reasons for the nonadherence. Methods: A prospective clinical record review was done on 180 patients admitted in the Medicine, Surgery, and Paediatrics. The antibiotic prescription will be assessed whether it is according to hospital antibiotic policy and in case of violation the reason for it will be noted down. The incidence and cause for the nosocomial infection will be noted down. Apart from these antibiotic categories, cost of antibiotic therapy from medical bills and the cost for the antibiotics will be calculated. Results: In our study population out of 180 patients 110 were male and 70 were female and in paediatric population16% were male and 1 3.5%. In surgery department highest number i.e. 12.5% male and 9.5% females are in the age group 31-40 years. 2% males and 2.5% females were in the age Group of 81-90. Various classes of antibiotics like penicillin’s, macrolides, cephalosporin’s and fluoroquinolones were prescribed. of which13% males, 7% females were prescribed with penicillin’s which were highest among monotherapy. Among combination therapy 14% of males were prescribed and 7 % females with penicillin which were highest. There were various combination drugs prescribed which are specific to the disease out of which ampicillin+gentamicin+metronidazole (5%) and ampicillin+gentamicin+cefotaxime+amikacin (5%). Conclusion: In appropriate use of antibiotics is detected due to lack of culture sensitivity test which has to make mandatory in the hospital before antibiotic prescription. Less cost effective antibiotic treatment should be prescribed. Polypharmacy was seen in a large extent were patients were put on 4-5 antibiotics which has to be avoided by using broad spectrum antibiotics and fixed dose antibiotics suitably. The drug interactions with antibiotics should be also minimized.
{"title":"Antibiotic Utilization Pattern in Surgery and Pediatric, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore, India","authors":"M. Soleimani","doi":"10.9790/3013-0707010610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-0707010610","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess antibiotic utilization pattern in surgery and pediatric and to explore reasons for the nonadherence. Methods: A prospective clinical record review was done on 180 patients admitted in the Medicine, Surgery, and Paediatrics. The antibiotic prescription will be assessed whether it is according to hospital antibiotic policy and in case of violation the reason for it will be noted down. The incidence and cause for the nosocomial infection will be noted down. Apart from these antibiotic categories, cost of antibiotic therapy from medical bills and the cost for the antibiotics will be calculated. Results: In our study population out of 180 patients 110 were male and 70 were female and in paediatric population16% were male and 1 3.5%. In surgery department highest number i.e. 12.5% male and 9.5% females are in the age group 31-40 years. 2% males and 2.5% females were in the age Group of 81-90. Various classes of antibiotics like penicillin’s, macrolides, cephalosporin’s and fluoroquinolones were prescribed. of which13% males, 7% females were prescribed with penicillin’s which were highest among monotherapy. Among combination therapy 14% of males were prescribed and 7 % females with penicillin which were highest. There were various combination drugs prescribed which are specific to the disease out of which ampicillin+gentamicin+metronidazole (5%) and ampicillin+gentamicin+cefotaxime+amikacin (5%). Conclusion: In appropriate use of antibiotics is detected due to lack of culture sensitivity test which has to make mandatory in the hospital before antibiotic prescription. Less cost effective antibiotic treatment should be prescribed. Polypharmacy was seen in a large extent were patients were put on 4-5 antibiotics which has to be avoided by using broad spectrum antibiotics and fixed dose antibiotics suitably. The drug interactions with antibiotics should be also minimized.","PeriodicalId":14540,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"35 1","pages":"06-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73518863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To study on utilization pattern of pulmonary inhalers in inpatient, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore, India. Methods: The proper inhalation technique was assed using the questionnaires there were 11 steps for MDI and 12 steps for MDI + spacer each correct technique carried a score of 1 and wrong technic carried 0.The adherence to the inhaler technique was assed using the formula correct dose/incorrect dose*100 and the reasons for non-adherence was also noted. The therapeutic inappropriateness of prescribed inhalers and antiasthmatic drugs is determined with standard guidelines. The cost involved in use of inhalers in therapeutic inappropriateness also considered. Results: In our study population about 10.8% asthmatics and 20% COPD patients were prescribed with budesonide MDI. About 10% asthmatics and 9.1 COPD patients were prescribed with budesonide MDI+spacer. About 4.1% asthmatics and 2.5% coped patients were prescribed with salbutamol MDI. About 17% asthmatics and 10% copd patients were prescribed with mdi ipratropium and 8% asthmatics and 12.5% coped patients were prescribed with ipratropium MDI+spacer. When the knowledge regarding the usage of inhalers was assed using standard questionnaire which had 11 steps for MDI and 12 steps for MDI+spacer each questionnaire had scoring of 0 representing not performing the step, 1 representing following the step the scores were high after pharmacist intervention when compared to before pharmacist intervention Conclusion: The present results highlight the need for pharmacist interventions aimed at improving adherence to inhalers in coped and asthmatic patients.
{"title":"Study on Utilization Pattern of Pulmonary Inhalers in Inpatient, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore, India","authors":"Shivah Karamian","doi":"10.9790/3013-0707010105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-0707010105","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study on utilization pattern of pulmonary inhalers in inpatient, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore, India. Methods: The proper inhalation technique was assed using the questionnaires there were 11 steps for MDI and 12 steps for MDI + spacer each correct technique carried a score of 1 and wrong technic carried 0.The adherence to the inhaler technique was assed using the formula correct dose/incorrect dose*100 and the reasons for non-adherence was also noted. The therapeutic inappropriateness of prescribed inhalers and antiasthmatic drugs is determined with standard guidelines. The cost involved in use of inhalers in therapeutic inappropriateness also considered. Results: In our study population about 10.8% asthmatics and 20% COPD patients were prescribed with budesonide MDI. About 10% asthmatics and 9.1 COPD patients were prescribed with budesonide MDI+spacer. About 4.1% asthmatics and 2.5% coped patients were prescribed with salbutamol MDI. About 17% asthmatics and 10% copd patients were prescribed with mdi ipratropium and 8% asthmatics and 12.5% coped patients were prescribed with ipratropium MDI+spacer. When the knowledge regarding the usage of inhalers was assed using standard questionnaire which had 11 steps for MDI and 12 steps for MDI+spacer each questionnaire had scoring of 0 representing not performing the step, 1 representing following the step the scores were high after pharmacist intervention when compared to before pharmacist intervention Conclusion: The present results highlight the need for pharmacist interventions aimed at improving adherence to inhalers in coped and asthmatic patients.","PeriodicalId":14540,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"216 1","pages":"01-05"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88700862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Aleksandra, Dimitrieska Stojkovik Elizabeta, Crceva Nikolovska Radmila, Hajrulai Musliu-Zehra, D. Biljana, Uzunov Riste, Jankuloski Dean
{"title":"Evaluation of Doses of Radiation Due To Natural Radioactivity in Wheat As Animal Feed In the Surrounding Of the City Of Skopje (Macedonia)","authors":"A. Aleksandra, Dimitrieska Stojkovik Elizabeta, Crceva Nikolovska Radmila, Hajrulai Musliu-Zehra, D. Biljana, Uzunov Riste, Jankuloski Dean","doi":"10.9790/3013-0706012023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-0706012023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14540,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"8 1","pages":"20-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81351766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food products such as yam, cassava, plantain, rice and maize are an important part of food in Ivory Coast. These products are high in carbohydrates and their consumption only covers the energy needs of the population. It is therefore important to provide other foods rich in proteins, lipids and minerals in the daily diet to meet the food needs of this population.
{"title":"Composition of the Daily Food Ration in Ivory Coast","authors":"D. A. Sahoré, O. Y. Ako, Joachim Levry Abouattier","doi":"10.9790/3013-0701011214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-0701011214","url":null,"abstract":"Food products such as yam, cassava, plantain, rice and maize are an important part of food in Ivory Coast. These products are high in carbohydrates and their consumption only covers the energy needs of the population. It is therefore important to provide other foods rich in proteins, lipids and minerals in the daily diet to meet the food needs of this population.","PeriodicalId":14540,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"70 1","pages":"12-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79154435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytochemical analysis showed that the root of Daucus carota contained alkaloids, carbohydrates, chlorogenic acid, flavonoids, phenols, essential oil, terpenoid and coumarin. The nutritional analysis of carrot juice showed that the juice contained: protein 1.067 ± 0.058%, crude fat 0.367 ± 0.089%, crude fibre 1.167 ± 0.153%, carbohydrates 6.100 ± 0.346%, many vitamins and minerals. The pharmacological studies revealed that the plant possessed cytotoxic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, smooth muscle relaxant, hypotensive effect and decrease intraocular pressure, gastro-protective, nephro-protective, hepato-protective, cardioprotective antidepressant memory enhancement, anti-inflammatory, reproductive, wound healing and hear induction and many other effects. The current review highlights the chemical constituents, nutritional and pharmacological effects of Daucus carota.
{"title":"Nutritional and therapeutic importance of Daucus carota- A review","authors":"A. Al-Snafi","doi":"10.9790/3013-0702017288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-0702017288","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemical analysis showed that the root of Daucus carota contained alkaloids, carbohydrates, chlorogenic acid, flavonoids, phenols, essential oil, terpenoid and coumarin. The nutritional analysis of carrot juice showed that the juice contained: protein 1.067 ± 0.058%, crude fat 0.367 ± 0.089%, crude fibre 1.167 ± 0.153%, carbohydrates 6.100 ± 0.346%, many vitamins and minerals. The pharmacological studies revealed that the plant possessed cytotoxic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, smooth muscle relaxant, hypotensive effect and decrease intraocular pressure, gastro-protective, nephro-protective, hepato-protective, cardioprotective antidepressant memory enhancement, anti-inflammatory, reproductive, wound healing and hear induction and many other effects. The current review highlights the chemical constituents, nutritional and pharmacological effects of Daucus carota.","PeriodicalId":14540,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"24 1","pages":"72-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80446960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are a growing number of drugs and vast literature coming through every day. Clinicians are hard pressed to keep up with all the recent advents due to shortage of time, however, for safe and efficacious use of medicines, unbiased, up to date and objective information about the drugs is essential. Medicines are now considered as active substances. Information obtained from manufacturers is liable to be biased, and in the present day of therapeutic and information explosion, a quick referral to a pharmacopoeia or formularies is hardly sufficient for adequate information on the vast number of drugs and dosage forms available in the market in all the different brand names. The lack of adequate drug information due to limited availability of current literature, and poor documentation and dissemination of the little available information leads to an unbiased and current drug references which were not available in most clinical facilities and to officials and committees developing drug lists and making procurement decisions. The irrational use of drugsare still in evidence as use of expired drugs, irrational combination of drugs, and overuse of antibiotics, Vitamins, herbal remedies, brand prescribing, retail shop prescribing and unethical dispensing. Such irrational practices, combined with lack of patientinformation on proper handling and use of drugs can lead to wastage of medicine as well as other serious consequences like adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. . In view of the above mentioned facts, fully active, unbiased and objective drug information services are the need of the hour and it is the objective of this study to determine the various drug information services available in present day sceneario.
{"title":"A need to be fulfilled:Drug Information services","authors":"C. Ahirwar, A. Mishra, A. Pathak","doi":"10.9790/3013-0706011519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-0706011519","url":null,"abstract":"There are a growing number of drugs and vast literature coming through every day. Clinicians are hard pressed to keep up with all the recent advents due to shortage of time, however, for safe and efficacious use of medicines, unbiased, up to date and objective information about the drugs is essential. Medicines are now considered as active substances. Information obtained from manufacturers is liable to be biased, and in the present day of therapeutic and information explosion, a quick referral to a pharmacopoeia or formularies is hardly sufficient for adequate information on the vast number of drugs and dosage forms available in the market in all the different brand names. The lack of adequate drug information due to limited availability of current literature, and poor documentation and dissemination of the little available information leads to an unbiased and current drug references which were not available in most clinical facilities and to officials and committees developing drug lists and making procurement decisions. The irrational use of drugsare still in evidence as use of expired drugs, irrational combination of drugs, and overuse of antibiotics, Vitamins, herbal remedies, brand prescribing, retail shop prescribing and unethical dispensing. Such irrational practices, combined with lack of patientinformation on proper handling and use of drugs can lead to wastage of medicine as well as other serious consequences like adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. . In view of the above mentioned facts, fully active, unbiased and objective drug information services are the need of the hour and it is the objective of this study to determine the various drug information services available in present day sceneario.","PeriodicalId":14540,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"13 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87797331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Afghanistan is suffering from double burden of diseases including communicable and noncommunicable. The aim of this study was determine the risk factors for NCDs among adult’s population in Mazar-e-Sharif city, Afghanistan. Methods and Materials: A provincial cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2015 on the prevalence of NCD risk factors using the WHO STEPS adapted instrument. The study enrolled a random sample of 1249 adults of age group of 25-70 years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Fasting venous blood sample was collected to assess the lipid profile and fasting blood sugar. Anthropometric measurements of the participants were also taken. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of all (1231) respondents 664 (53.9%) were females and 567 (46.1%) males with a mean age of 40.5±13.2 years. More than half (59.3%) were illiterates and (83.7%) were married and 72% had income of less than 10000 AFN. 9.9% were smokers and (8.3%) were mouth snuff users. Seventy nine percent of respondents ate fruits and 60% took vegetables 3 days or less per week. Almost 12% practiced vigorous physical activity and 21.8% of subjects reported doing moderate physical activity. Almost half (48.5) of subjects were overweight or obese. 30.9% had high blood pressure and 9.2% percent recorded diabetic. Level of high cholesterol was 33.2%, high triglycerides was 20.4%. Furthermore high level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) was 55% and high level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) was 36.9%. The mean level of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were 161.7 mg/dL, 179.2mg/dL, 49.4 mg/dL and 113.4 mg/dL were respectively. Conclusions: The findings of study revealed a high burden of risk factors for NCDs in the study population, showing the country is experiencing both communicable and noncommunicable at the same time. It is recommended and emphasized on focusing of interventions to prevent and control the noncommunicable diseases.
背景:阿富汗正遭受包括传染性和非传染性疾病在内的双重疾病负担。本研究的目的是确定阿富汗马扎里沙里夫市成人非传染性疾病的危险因素。方法与材料:于2015年4月至5月，采用世界卫生组织STEPS适用工具对非传染性疾病危险因素的流行情况进行了省级横断面研究。该研究随机招募了1249名年龄在25-70岁之间的成年人。使用结构化问卷收集数据。采集空腹静脉血，评估血脂和空腹血糖。还对参与者进行了人体测量。数据分析采用SPSS version 20。结果:1231例被调查者中，女性664例(53.9%)，男性567例(46.1%)，平均年龄40.5±13.2岁。超过一半(59.3%)的人不识字，83.7%的人已婚，72%的人收入低于10000 AFN。9.9%为吸烟者，8.3%为吸鼻烟者。79%的受访者吃水果，60%的人每周吃三天或更少的蔬菜。近12%的人进行剧烈体育活动，21.8%的受试者报告进行适度体育活动。几乎一半(48.5)的研究对象超重或肥胖。30.9%的人有高血压，9.2%的人有糖尿病。高胆固醇占33.2%，高甘油三酯占20.4%。低密度脂蛋白(LDL)高水平为55%，高密度脂蛋白(HDL)高水平为36.9%。甘油三酯、总胆固醇、HDL和LDL的平均水平分别为161.7 mg/dL、179.2mg/dL、49.4 mg/dL和113.4 mg/dL。结论:研究结果揭示了研究人群中非传染性疾病风险因素的高负担，表明该国同时经历了传染性和非传染性疾病。建议并强调将预防和控制非传染性疾病的干预措施作为重点。
{"title":"Prevalence of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases in Mazar-e-Sharif city using WHO STEP-Wise Approach","authors":"Khwaja Mir Islam SAEED, M. H. Rasooly","doi":"10.9790/3013-0701015158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-0701015158","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Afghanistan is suffering from double burden of diseases including communicable and noncommunicable. The aim of this study was determine the risk factors for NCDs among adult’s population in Mazar-e-Sharif city, Afghanistan. Methods and Materials: A provincial cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2015 on the prevalence of NCD risk factors using the WHO STEPS adapted instrument. The study enrolled a random sample of 1249 adults of age group of 25-70 years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Fasting venous blood sample was collected to assess the lipid profile and fasting blood sugar. Anthropometric measurements of the participants were also taken. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of all (1231) respondents 664 (53.9%) were females and 567 (46.1%) males with a mean age of 40.5±13.2 years. More than half (59.3%) were illiterates and (83.7%) were married and 72% had income of less than 10000 AFN. 9.9% were smokers and (8.3%) were mouth snuff users. Seventy nine percent of respondents ate fruits and 60% took vegetables 3 days or less per week. Almost 12% practiced vigorous physical activity and 21.8% of subjects reported doing moderate physical activity. Almost half (48.5) of subjects were overweight or obese. 30.9% had high blood pressure and 9.2% percent recorded diabetic. Level of high cholesterol was 33.2%, high triglycerides was 20.4%. Furthermore high level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) was 55% and high level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) was 36.9%. The mean level of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were 161.7 mg/dL, 179.2mg/dL, 49.4 mg/dL and 113.4 mg/dL were respectively. Conclusions: The findings of study revealed a high burden of risk factors for NCDs in the study population, showing the country is experiencing both communicable and noncommunicable at the same time. It is recommended and emphasized on focusing of interventions to prevent and control the noncommunicable diseases.","PeriodicalId":14540,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"88 1","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79383551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phytochemical analysis of Dolichos lablab showed that it contained sugar, alcohols, phenols, steroids, essential oils, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, terpenoids, pigments, glycosides, anthnanoids, wide range of minerals and many other metabolites. The preliminary pharmacological studies revealed that Dolichos lablab possessed antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, hepatoprotective, antilithiatic, antispasmodic effects and also used for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. The current review discussed the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Dolichos lablab.
{"title":"The pharmacology and medical importance of Dolichos lablab (Lablab purpureus)- A review","authors":"A. Al-Snafi","doi":"10.9790/3013-0702012230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-0702012230","url":null,"abstract":"The phytochemical analysis of Dolichos lablab showed that it contained sugar, alcohols, phenols, steroids, essential oils, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, terpenoids, pigments, glycosides, anthnanoids, wide range of minerals and many other metabolites. The preliminary pharmacological studies revealed that Dolichos lablab possessed antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, hepatoprotective, antilithiatic, antispasmodic effects and also used for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. The current review discussed the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Dolichos lablab.","PeriodicalId":14540,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"15 1","pages":"22-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75568729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple, isocraticRP HPLC-UV method was developed for the simultaneous determination of chlorhexidine (CHD) and p-Chloroaniline (pCA) inchlorhexidine mouth rinses. An excellent separation obtainedbyC18 column (200mm × 4.6 mm, 3μm). Mobile phasewas acetate buffer:methanol in a 45:55 ratio,flowrate was 1.0 ml/min. Both ingredient and an impuritywere detected at 254 nm,injection volume was 20μl and the analysis temperature was room temperature.Resolution4.7,retention times was3.1min and 5.7 min for pCAand CHD respectively. The proposed method was testedforsystem suitability, linearity, range, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, detection and quantification limits. The linearity range was40-160μg/ml forCHD and0.3-1.2 μg/ml forpCA.The correlation coefficient of the regression line was 1.000 for both components. Method robustness was tested under nine different conditions using sampleswith a known content. For CHD, the mean of the nine assays was 99.95% andthe RSD was 0.16%. ForpCA, the mean of the nine assays was 99.98% and the RSD was 0.24%. The results show that this is a simple method that can be applied to the analysis of Chlorhexidineproductswith satisfactory degrees of accuracy and precision. Due to the selected optimized conditions, this method can be used with the minimum requirements of an isocratic HPLC system.
{"title":"Development and validation of a simple, fast, isocratic stability indicating RP-HPLC-UV method for the determination of chlorhexidine and its impurity para-chloroaniline in bulk and finished product","authors":"TarigG. Mohammed, Mubashira Aziz","doi":"10.9790/3013-0706010108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-0706010108","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, isocraticRP HPLC-UV method was developed for the simultaneous determination of chlorhexidine (CHD) and p-Chloroaniline (pCA) inchlorhexidine mouth rinses. An excellent separation obtainedbyC18 column (200mm × 4.6 mm, 3μm). Mobile phasewas acetate buffer:methanol in a 45:55 ratio,flowrate was 1.0 ml/min. Both ingredient and an impuritywere detected at 254 nm,injection volume was 20μl and the analysis temperature was room temperature.Resolution4.7,retention times was3.1min and 5.7 min for pCAand CHD respectively. The proposed method was testedforsystem suitability, linearity, range, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, detection and quantification limits. The linearity range was40-160μg/ml forCHD and0.3-1.2 μg/ml forpCA.The correlation coefficient of the regression line was 1.000 for both components. Method robustness was tested under nine different conditions using sampleswith a known content. For CHD, the mean of the nine assays was 99.95% andthe RSD was 0.16%. ForpCA, the mean of the nine assays was 99.98% and the RSD was 0.24%. The results show that this is a simple method that can be applied to the analysis of Chlorhexidineproductswith satisfactory degrees of accuracy and precision. Due to the selected optimized conditions, this method can be used with the minimum requirements of an isocratic HPLC system.","PeriodicalId":14540,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"9 3 1","pages":"01-08"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83536196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Bezerra, E. Walter, O. Freitas-Silva, I. Gomes, L. F. Damasceno, I. Alcantara, L. Cabral
Açai berries (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) have a high natural microbial load that can compromise the quality of their products. In this study, test microorganisms were inoculated on raw açai berries in drip trials, with five strains of Salmonella spp. and E. coli, separately. Açai berries sanitizing processes were: i) chlorination with 200 mg.L -1 for a period of 15 min; ii) blanching at 80 °C for 10 s (regional legislation); iii) blanching at 90 °C for 10 s; iv) aqueous ozonation at 4 mg.L -1 for 5 min; and v) washing with distilled water for 15 min as control treatment. Thermal treatment at 90 °C 10 s achieved the highest efficiency in reducing counts of E.coli (3.0 ± 0.8 log CFU.mL -1 ). In Salmonella spp., all sanitizing treatments were similar and better than simple washing with water. Thus, blanching of açai berries at 90 °C 10 s, with immediate cooling with chlorinated water (50 mg.L -1 ), is an alternative process for sanitization for açai berries, considering the application of good manufacturing practices.
{"title":"The effect of thermal, chlorine and ozone treatments on survival of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in açai berries","authors":"V. Bezerra, E. Walter, O. Freitas-Silva, I. Gomes, L. F. Damasceno, I. Alcantara, L. Cabral","doi":"10.9790/3013-0701010411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-0701010411","url":null,"abstract":"Açai berries (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) have a high natural microbial load that can compromise the quality of their products. In this study, test microorganisms were inoculated on raw açai berries in drip trials, with five strains of Salmonella spp. and E. coli, separately. Açai berries sanitizing processes were: i) chlorination with 200 mg.L -1 for a period of 15 min; ii) blanching at 80 °C for 10 s (regional legislation); iii) blanching at 90 °C for 10 s; iv) aqueous ozonation at 4 mg.L -1 for 5 min; and v) washing with distilled water for 15 min as control treatment. Thermal treatment at 90 °C 10 s achieved the highest efficiency in reducing counts of E.coli (3.0 ± 0.8 log CFU.mL -1 ). In Salmonella spp., all sanitizing treatments were similar and better than simple washing with water. Thus, blanching of açai berries at 90 °C 10 s, with immediate cooling with chlorinated water (50 mg.L -1 ), is an alternative process for sanitization for açai berries, considering the application of good manufacturing practices.","PeriodicalId":14540,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"1 1","pages":"04-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84196535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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