Pub Date : 2012-06-25DOI: 10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254096
Ke Ma, F. Blaabjerg
In order to satisfy the growing reliability requirements for the wind power converters with more cost-effective solution, the target of this paper is to establish a new reliability-cost model which can connect the relationship between reliability performances and corresponding semiconductor cost for power switching devices. First the conduction loss, switching loss as well as thermal impedance models of power switching devices (IGBT module) are related to the semiconductor chip number information respectively. Afterwards simplified analytical solutions, which can directly extract the junction temperature mean value Tm and fluctuation amplitude ΔTj of power devices, are presented. With the proposed reliability-cost model, it is possible to enable future reliability-oriented design of the power switching devices for wind power converters, and also an evaluation benchmark for different wind power converter configurations is opened.
{"title":"Reliability-cost models for the power switching devices of wind power converters","authors":"Ke Ma, F. Blaabjerg","doi":"10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254096","url":null,"abstract":"In order to satisfy the growing reliability requirements for the wind power converters with more cost-effective solution, the target of this paper is to establish a new reliability-cost model which can connect the relationship between reliability performances and corresponding semiconductor cost for power switching devices. First the conduction loss, switching loss as well as thermal impedance models of power switching devices (IGBT module) are related to the semiconductor chip number information respectively. Afterwards simplified analytical solutions, which can directly extract the junction temperature mean value Tm and fluctuation amplitude ΔTj of power devices, are presented. With the proposed reliability-cost model, it is possible to enable future reliability-oriented design of the power switching devices for wind power converters, and also an evaluation benchmark for different wind power converter configurations is opened.","PeriodicalId":146438,"journal":{"name":"2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115774547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-25DOI: 10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254058
F. Spertino, P. Di Leo, F. Corona, F. Papandrea
The Power Quality (PQ) issues are here assessed from an experimental point of view concerning the grid-connected PhotoVoltaic (PV) systems. After an introduction to the new regulations for smart grid connection in presence of Distributed Generators, the work concentrates the attention on a variety of power inverters both in normal and in unusual operation. In particular the PQ problems in case of shading effect on the PV modules are highlighted. The corresponding increase of harmonic content and unbalance, together with the decrease of power factor, is assessed in the paper.
{"title":"Inverters for grid connection of photovoltaic systems and power quality: Case studies","authors":"F. Spertino, P. Di Leo, F. Corona, F. Papandrea","doi":"10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254058","url":null,"abstract":"The Power Quality (PQ) issues are here assessed from an experimental point of view concerning the grid-connected PhotoVoltaic (PV) systems. After an introduction to the new regulations for smart grid connection in presence of Distributed Generators, the work concentrates the attention on a variety of power inverters both in normal and in unusual operation. In particular the PQ problems in case of shading effect on the PV modules are highlighted. The corresponding increase of harmonic content and unbalance, together with the decrease of power factor, is assessed in the paper.","PeriodicalId":146438,"journal":{"name":"2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126098287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-25DOI: 10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254075
E. Babaei, Y. Azimpour, M. F. Kangarlu
Among the topologies of multilevel inverters, the cascade multilevel inverters have received more attention due to easier control and variety in the structure. Although the cascade multilevel inverters have several advantages, they also suffer from some drawbacks. In the fundamental frequency control method, different value of power is drawn from different dc voltage sources and therefore they have different charge/discharge. Another problem considering the cascade multilevel inverters is the unequal power loss in the switches of different bridges. In this paper, the charge balance control method is proposed for the asymmetric cascade multilevel inverter. Applying this control method leads to equal charge of the dc voltage sources and equal loss on the power switches. Consequently, the lifetime of the dc voltage sources will be equal reducing the maintenance costs.
{"title":"Charge balance control of a seven-level asymmetric cascade multilevel inverter","authors":"E. Babaei, Y. Azimpour, M. F. Kangarlu","doi":"10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254075","url":null,"abstract":"Among the topologies of multilevel inverters, the cascade multilevel inverters have received more attention due to easier control and variety in the structure. Although the cascade multilevel inverters have several advantages, they also suffer from some drawbacks. In the fundamental frequency control method, different value of power is drawn from different dc voltage sources and therefore they have different charge/discharge. Another problem considering the cascade multilevel inverters is the unequal power loss in the switches of different bridges. In this paper, the charge balance control method is proposed for the asymmetric cascade multilevel inverter. Applying this control method leads to equal charge of the dc voltage sources and equal loss on the power switches. Consequently, the lifetime of the dc voltage sources will be equal reducing the maintenance costs.","PeriodicalId":146438,"journal":{"name":"2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123024994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-25DOI: 10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254054
A. Kwasinski
This paper explores key technical characteristics of distributed generation systems that influence their operation during extreme events, such as natural disasters. In order to assess availability, the study follows a quantitative approach based on minimal cut set theory and Markov chains and processes. Availability models both for distributed generation sources depending on lifelines and for renewable energy sources are summarized. The importance of diverse power sources and the need for local energy storage are commented in order to address the variable output of renewable energy sources and the dependency on lifelines. The relevance of multi-port power converter topologies and bidirectional power flow is also explained. The manuscript continues with a description of relevant standards, such as IEEE 1547, and explains the effect that these standards, control needs, and the islanding prevention techniques have on residential distributed generation systems. Alternative configurations to conventional grid-tied inverters are commented. The discussion presented in this paper is supported by circuit prototypes experiments and by practical empirical observations from damage assessments and from a microgrid Sendai, Japan which was operating when the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami affected this area of Japan.
{"title":"Technological assessment of distributed generation systems operation during extreme events","authors":"A. Kwasinski","doi":"10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254054","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores key technical characteristics of distributed generation systems that influence their operation during extreme events, such as natural disasters. In order to assess availability, the study follows a quantitative approach based on minimal cut set theory and Markov chains and processes. Availability models both for distributed generation sources depending on lifelines and for renewable energy sources are summarized. The importance of diverse power sources and the need for local energy storage are commented in order to address the variable output of renewable energy sources and the dependency on lifelines. The relevance of multi-port power converter topologies and bidirectional power flow is also explained. The manuscript continues with a description of relevant standards, such as IEEE 1547, and explains the effect that these standards, control needs, and the islanding prevention techniques have on residential distributed generation systems. Alternative configurations to conventional grid-tied inverters are commented. The discussion presented in this paper is supported by circuit prototypes experiments and by practical empirical observations from damage assessments and from a microgrid Sendai, Japan which was operating when the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami affected this area of Japan.","PeriodicalId":146438,"journal":{"name":"2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129252579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-25DOI: 10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254014
C. Wei, Dong Jiqing, He Jiannong
High-frequency large current tests are critical in almost all switch-mode power conversion systems. To measure this large current, large size current sensor with large current rating is always needed to bring many disadvantages of bulk volume, less accuracy and high cost. One of the solutions is to use current split technique with the split wires of the winding in magnetic components to measure the current in only one of the strands of the multi-strands Litz wires in magnetic components. In this paper, the mechanics of the current split ratio shifts for different frequencies are revealed. The model is also built and analyzed to find that the leakage inductance ratio between the current testing strand and other strands is the key factor which dominates the current split ratio. Based on the model, a simple method was proposed to improve the current split ratio for different frequencies. The practical tests were performed to verify the method and its current testing precision.
{"title":"Accuracy improvement of large current test by split wires of magnetic component winding","authors":"C. Wei, Dong Jiqing, He Jiannong","doi":"10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254014","url":null,"abstract":"High-frequency large current tests are critical in almost all switch-mode power conversion systems. To measure this large current, large size current sensor with large current rating is always needed to bring many disadvantages of bulk volume, less accuracy and high cost. One of the solutions is to use current split technique with the split wires of the winding in magnetic components to measure the current in only one of the strands of the multi-strands Litz wires in magnetic components. In this paper, the mechanics of the current split ratio shifts for different frequencies are revealed. The model is also built and analyzed to find that the leakage inductance ratio between the current testing strand and other strands is the key factor which dominates the current split ratio. Based on the model, a simple method was proposed to improve the current split ratio for different frequencies. The practical tests were performed to verify the method and its current testing precision.","PeriodicalId":146438,"journal":{"name":"2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129307003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-25DOI: 10.1109/PEDG.2012.6253984
Yuanyuan Wang, Jianzhong Zhang, X. Qu, M. Cheng
A novel variable-speed wind power generation system with constant-frequency double-rotor (CFDR) generator is proposed which combines the advantages of low cost, good dynamical performance and high reliability. In this paper, the structure of the proposed wind power generation system is introduced and the working principle of the CFDR generator is presented. The control strategy of the wind power generation system is discussed where vector control strategy is used. The simulation model is built under Matlab/Simulink surroundings and the simulations are carried out. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified by simulation results.
{"title":"Control strategy of variable-speed wind power generation system with constant-frequency double-rotor generator","authors":"Yuanyuan Wang, Jianzhong Zhang, X. Qu, M. Cheng","doi":"10.1109/PEDG.2012.6253984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG.2012.6253984","url":null,"abstract":"A novel variable-speed wind power generation system with constant-frequency double-rotor (CFDR) generator is proposed which combines the advantages of low cost, good dynamical performance and high reliability. In this paper, the structure of the proposed wind power generation system is introduced and the working principle of the CFDR generator is presented. The control strategy of the wind power generation system is discussed where vector control strategy is used. The simulation model is built under Matlab/Simulink surroundings and the simulations are carried out. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified by simulation results.","PeriodicalId":146438,"journal":{"name":"2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129094336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-25DOI: 10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254099
D. Casadei, F. Filippetti, M. Mengoni, Y. Gritli, G. Serra, A. Tani, L. Zarri
Multiphase generators are attractive particularly for medium and high power applications, because this technology allows reducing the current per phase and consequently the requirements of the inverter switches. The interest in multiphase machines is motivated also by their greater number of degrees of freedom compared to three-phase machines. This characteristic is often used to improve the machine performance, to increase the power density or for diagnostic purposes. In particular, the condition monitoring of the status of the magnets in permanent magnet synchronous generators is critical and is receiving an increasing attention. In this paper, the demagnetization of the rotor magnet trailing edges due to abnormal stator currents in five-phase surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous generators is analyzed. A new non-invasive on-line detection method, which emphasizes the emf variation due to the demagnetization, exploiting the additional degrees of freedom of a multiphase generator, is presented. The proposed approach is validated by means of finite element analysis and numerical simulations.
{"title":"Detection of magnet demagnetization in five-phase surface-mounted permanent magnet generators","authors":"D. Casadei, F. Filippetti, M. Mengoni, Y. Gritli, G. Serra, A. Tani, L. Zarri","doi":"10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254099","url":null,"abstract":"Multiphase generators are attractive particularly for medium and high power applications, because this technology allows reducing the current per phase and consequently the requirements of the inverter switches. The interest in multiphase machines is motivated also by their greater number of degrees of freedom compared to three-phase machines. This characteristic is often used to improve the machine performance, to increase the power density or for diagnostic purposes. In particular, the condition monitoring of the status of the magnets in permanent magnet synchronous generators is critical and is receiving an increasing attention. In this paper, the demagnetization of the rotor magnet trailing edges due to abnormal stator currents in five-phase surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous generators is analyzed. A new non-invasive on-line detection method, which emphasizes the emf variation due to the demagnetization, exploiting the additional degrees of freedom of a multiphase generator, is presented. The proposed approach is validated by means of finite element analysis and numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":146438,"journal":{"name":"2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125773617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-25DOI: 10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254101
A. Ghias, M. Ciobotaru, J. Pou, V. Agelidis
A back-to-back HVDC converter system is typically used to connect two separate electrical grids or a remote large-scale renewable energy system with the electrical grid through a DC bus. The DC bus typically contains a large electrolytic capacitor giving a robust performance to the converter system. However, it is well known that the electrolytic DC bus capacitor is bulky and has a low reliability. Therefore, a possible solution to these drawbacks is to use a reduced DC bus capacitance, which will allow film capacitors to be used instead of electrolytic capacitors. This paper presents the performance evaluation of a five-level flying capacitor (FC) back-to-back converter system with reduced DC bus capacitance under different modulation schemes. Two carrier-based modulation strategies are studied, namely the phase shifted pulse-width modulation (PS-PWM) and the phase disposition pulse-width modulation (PD-PWM), along with their appropriate flying capacitor voltage balancing techniques. The classical synchronous reference frame control strategy has been implemented in order to provide DC bus voltage regulation and active/reactive power control. The performance of the two different modulation schemes is tested against the DC bus and FCs voltage ripples using the MATLAB/Simulink-PLECS software platform. The analyzed case studies demonstrate that the PS-PWM strategy is more suitable to operate the proposed FC converter system using reduced values for the DC bus and flying capacitors.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of a five-level flying capacitor converter with reduced DC bus capacitance under two different modulation schemes","authors":"A. Ghias, M. Ciobotaru, J. Pou, V. Agelidis","doi":"10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254101","url":null,"abstract":"A back-to-back HVDC converter system is typically used to connect two separate electrical grids or a remote large-scale renewable energy system with the electrical grid through a DC bus. The DC bus typically contains a large electrolytic capacitor giving a robust performance to the converter system. However, it is well known that the electrolytic DC bus capacitor is bulky and has a low reliability. Therefore, a possible solution to these drawbacks is to use a reduced DC bus capacitance, which will allow film capacitors to be used instead of electrolytic capacitors. This paper presents the performance evaluation of a five-level flying capacitor (FC) back-to-back converter system with reduced DC bus capacitance under different modulation schemes. Two carrier-based modulation strategies are studied, namely the phase shifted pulse-width modulation (PS-PWM) and the phase disposition pulse-width modulation (PD-PWM), along with their appropriate flying capacitor voltage balancing techniques. The classical synchronous reference frame control strategy has been implemented in order to provide DC bus voltage regulation and active/reactive power control. The performance of the two different modulation schemes is tested against the DC bus and FCs voltage ripples using the MATLAB/Simulink-PLECS software platform. The analyzed case studies demonstrate that the PS-PWM strategy is more suitable to operate the proposed FC converter system using reduced values for the DC bus and flying capacitors.","PeriodicalId":146438,"journal":{"name":"2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132036197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-25DOI: 10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254070
N. Cui, Juanjuan Fan, Chenghui Zhang, Jian Wu
Online receding horizon controller based on the principle of predictive control for parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle is proposed in this paper. First of all, the structure of Hybrid Electric Vehicles is introduced, and the model of batteries and engine, etc is established. Secondly the energy management strategies based on predictive control algorithm is presented. At last the results of simulation experiments are analyzed compared with the rule-based control strategy in different conditions.
{"title":"Research on predictive control based energy management strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicle","authors":"N. Cui, Juanjuan Fan, Chenghui Zhang, Jian Wu","doi":"10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254070","url":null,"abstract":"Online receding horizon controller based on the principle of predictive control for parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle is proposed in this paper. First of all, the structure of Hybrid Electric Vehicles is introduced, and the model of batteries and engine, etc is established. Secondly the energy management strategies based on predictive control algorithm is presented. At last the results of simulation experiments are analyzed compared with the rule-based control strategy in different conditions.","PeriodicalId":146438,"journal":{"name":"2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132485858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-25DOI: 10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254069
F. Marra, C. Traholt, E. Larsen
A great interest is recently paid to Electric Vehicles (EV) and their integration into electricity grids. EV can potentially play an important role in power system operation, however, the EV charging infrastructures have been only partly defined, considering them as limited to individual charging points, randomly distributed into the networks. This paper addresses the planning of public central charging stations (CCS) that can be integrated in low-voltage (LV) networks for EV parallel charging. The concepts of AC and DC architectures of CCS are proposed and a comparison is given on their investment cost. Investigation on location and size of CCS is conducted, analyzing two LV grids of different capacity. The results enlighten that a public CCS should be preferably located in the range of 100 m from the transformer. The AC charging levels of 11 kW and 22 kW have the highest potential in LV grids. The option of DC fast-charging is only possible in the larger capacity grids, withstanding the parallel charge of one or two vehicles.
{"title":"Planning future electric vehicle central charging stations connected to low-voltage distribution networks","authors":"F. Marra, C. Traholt, E. Larsen","doi":"10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG.2012.6254069","url":null,"abstract":"A great interest is recently paid to Electric Vehicles (EV) and their integration into electricity grids. EV can potentially play an important role in power system operation, however, the EV charging infrastructures have been only partly defined, considering them as limited to individual charging points, randomly distributed into the networks. This paper addresses the planning of public central charging stations (CCS) that can be integrated in low-voltage (LV) networks for EV parallel charging. The concepts of AC and DC architectures of CCS are proposed and a comparison is given on their investment cost. Investigation on location and size of CCS is conducted, analyzing two LV grids of different capacity. The results enlighten that a public CCS should be preferably located in the range of 100 m from the transformer. The AC charging levels of 11 kW and 22 kW have the highest potential in LV grids. The option of DC fast-charging is only possible in the larger capacity grids, withstanding the parallel charge of one or two vehicles.","PeriodicalId":146438,"journal":{"name":"2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130444143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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