Muhammad Thifan Satyagraha, G. Sheridan, Vito Etenio Ade Laryan, Gibran Chandra Syarif Hidayatullah
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a clinical manifestation of severe pneumonia is a major cause of death for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who are treated in intensive care units (ICU). ARDS is triggered by cytokine storm. Cytokine storm is characterized by an increased in proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1α, and IL-1β. Thus, IL-6 and IL-1 cytokine inhibitors in the form of monoclonal antibodies are needed to overcome this. This review of the scientific literature aims to identify the effect of monoclonal antibody therapy, which is focusing on the inhibitors of cytokines IL-6 (tocilizumab) and IL-1 (anakira) in patients with severe pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) ) with clinical manifestations in the form of ARDS. The design used in the form of scientific literature review. Articles were collected via Google Scholar search engine through several data sources (Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Nature, Proquest, and Springer Link). Inclusion criteria used were literature sources published between 2011 – 2020 in the form of research articles, systematic reviews, annual reports, and/or books. Meanwhile, the exclusion criterion used was literature sources under 2011. Based on article search results, tocilizumab can efficiently improve clinical status and reduce the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients with ARDS. Even so, tocilizumab can increase the risk of infection and the evidence obtained by the authors was not enough to support the administration of tocilizumab outside of clinical trials. Thus, the safety and side effects of monoclonal antibodies need to be further investigated.
{"title":"TOCILIZUMAB AS MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY THERAPY IN OVERCOMING ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN COVID-19 PATIENTS","authors":"Muhammad Thifan Satyagraha, G. Sheridan, Vito Etenio Ade Laryan, Gibran Chandra Syarif Hidayatullah","doi":"10.53366/jimki.v9i3.488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v9i3.488","url":null,"abstract":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a clinical manifestation of severe pneumonia is a major cause of death for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who are treated in intensive care units (ICU). ARDS is triggered by cytokine storm. Cytokine storm is characterized by an increased in proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1α, and IL-1β. Thus, IL-6 and IL-1 cytokine inhibitors in the form of monoclonal antibodies are needed to overcome this. This review of the scientific literature aims to identify the effect of monoclonal antibody therapy, which is focusing on the inhibitors of cytokines IL-6 (tocilizumab) and IL-1 (anakira) in patients with severe pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) ) with clinical manifestations in the form of ARDS. The design used in the form of scientific literature review. Articles were collected via Google Scholar search engine through several data sources (Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Nature, Proquest, and Springer Link). Inclusion criteria used were literature sources published between 2011 – 2020 in the form of research articles, systematic reviews, annual reports, and/or books. Meanwhile, the exclusion criterion used was literature sources under 2011. Based on article search results, tocilizumab can efficiently improve clinical status and reduce the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients with ARDS. Even so, tocilizumab can increase the risk of infection and the evidence obtained by the authors was not enough to support the administration of tocilizumab outside of clinical trials. Thus, the safety and side effects of monoclonal antibodies need to be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":14697,"journal":{"name":"JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83149299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), is the fourth disease which causes blindness in the world, will potentially increase in 2020. Therefore, alternative treatment is needed to be developed, such as Human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium (hESC-RPE) transplantation in a subretinal layer. The purpose of this literature review is to identify AMD pathogenesis, especially dry type, to know the impact of hESC-RPE transplantation towards acuity of vision, and to understand its therapeutic effect, safety, also tolerability based on the literature cited. Articles were collected by google search engine through Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Proquest, and Springer link. Inclusion criteria are literature that was published between 2010-2020, clinical trial study, systematic review, and meta-analysis. the topic of these sources is focused on regenerative therapy in AMD patients. Whereas exclusion criteria are literature that published under 2010. According to our research, hESC-RPE transplantation in a subretinal layer can increase the acuity of vision in dry-type AMD patients by improving RPE pigmentation, which protects its photoreceptor cells. Safety and tolerability are proof that there are no abnormalities in proliferation and immunity. In conclusion, these findings are beneficial in the improvement quality life of AMD patients. Therefore, in the future, subretinal hESC-RPE can be effective in the alternative treatment of dry-typed AMD patients.
{"title":"HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL DERIVATIVE SUBRETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL TRANSPLANTATION AS A TREATMENT FOR DRY-TYPE MACULAR","authors":"Muhammad Thifan Satyagraha, Andhwika Afif Fahrezi, Rafi Annisa Ulum, Gibran Chandra Syarif Hidayatullah","doi":"10.53366/jimki.v9i3.463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v9i3.463","url":null,"abstract":"Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), is the fourth disease which causes blindness in the world, will potentially increase in 2020. Therefore, alternative treatment is needed to be developed, such as Human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium (hESC-RPE) transplantation in a subretinal layer. The purpose of this literature review is to identify AMD pathogenesis, especially dry type, to know the impact of hESC-RPE transplantation towards acuity of vision, and to understand its therapeutic effect, safety, also tolerability based on the literature cited. Articles were collected by google search engine through Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Proquest, and Springer link. Inclusion criteria are literature that was published between 2010-2020, clinical trial study, systematic review, and meta-analysis. the topic of these sources is focused on regenerative therapy in AMD patients. Whereas exclusion criteria are literature that published under 2010. According to our research, hESC-RPE transplantation in a subretinal layer can increase the acuity of vision in dry-type AMD patients by improving RPE pigmentation, which protects its photoreceptor cells. Safety and tolerability are proof that there are no abnormalities in proliferation and immunity. In conclusion, these findings are beneficial in the improvement quality life of AMD patients. Therefore, in the future, subretinal hESC-RPE can be effective in the alternative treatment of dry-typed AMD patients. ","PeriodicalId":14697,"journal":{"name":"JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89977979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Suciangto, Ahmad Taufik Fadillah Zainal, Nada Indira Ramadhani Nasrum
ABSTRAK Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan sebuah pandemic global yang diakibatkan oleh severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Penelitian-penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa fenomena badai sitokin, replikasi virus yang tinggi, dan terhambatnya persinyalan Interferon type 1 (IFN-I) berkontribusi terhadap keparahan klinis COVID-19. Progresivitas respon IFN-I yang lambat mengakibatkan peningkatan akumulasi monosit patogenik sehingga terjadi imunopatologi paru, kebocoran vaskular, dan respon sel T suboptimal. Selain itu, berbagai studi lainnya juga melaporkan bahwa pemberian probiotik dapat memediasi respon antivirus terhadap coronavirus yang menyerang manusia. Dalam studi literatur ini kami mendiskusikan potensi probiotik dalam meregulasi badai sitokin dan produksi Interferon tipe 1 yang dapat memperbaiki gejala klinis pada pasien-pasien COVID-19. Studi ini dibuat berdasarkan hasil sintesis kualitatif beberapa literatur valid. Hasil review ini menunjukkan bahwa beberapa jenis probiotik mampu menekan produksi sitokin pro-inflammatori yang terlibat dalam fenomena sitokin dan merangsang produksi IFN tipe 1. Melalui mekanisme pencegahan terjadinya badai sitokin dan meningkatkan produksi IFN tipe 1, probiotik memiliki potensi sebagai regulator sistem imun yang dapat meningkatkan luaran klinis pada pasien-pasien COVID-19. Namun demikian, penelitian dengan skala lebih besar dan lebih lanjut masih diperlukan untuk membuktikan bahwa probiotik mampu menjadi solusi dalam tatalaksana infeksi-infeksi akibat virus.
{"title":"POTENSI PROBIOTIK SEBAGAI REGULATOR SITOKIN INFLAMASI DALAM PERBAIKAN KLINIS PASIEN COVID-19","authors":"William Suciangto, Ahmad Taufik Fadillah Zainal, Nada Indira Ramadhani Nasrum","doi":"10.53366/jimki.v9i3.456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v9i3.456","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK \u0000Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan sebuah pandemic global yang diakibatkan oleh severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Penelitian-penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa fenomena badai sitokin, replikasi virus yang tinggi, dan terhambatnya persinyalan Interferon type 1 (IFN-I) berkontribusi terhadap keparahan klinis COVID-19. Progresivitas respon IFN-I yang lambat mengakibatkan peningkatan akumulasi monosit patogenik sehingga terjadi imunopatologi paru, kebocoran vaskular, dan respon sel T suboptimal. Selain itu, berbagai studi lainnya juga melaporkan bahwa pemberian probiotik dapat memediasi respon antivirus terhadap coronavirus yang menyerang manusia. Dalam studi literatur ini kami mendiskusikan potensi probiotik dalam meregulasi badai sitokin dan produksi Interferon tipe 1 yang dapat memperbaiki gejala klinis pada pasien-pasien COVID-19. Studi ini dibuat berdasarkan hasil sintesis kualitatif beberapa literatur valid. Hasil review ini menunjukkan bahwa beberapa jenis probiotik mampu menekan produksi sitokin pro-inflammatori yang terlibat dalam fenomena sitokin dan merangsang produksi IFN tipe 1. Melalui mekanisme pencegahan terjadinya badai sitokin dan meningkatkan produksi IFN tipe 1, probiotik memiliki potensi sebagai regulator sistem imun yang dapat meningkatkan luaran klinis pada pasien-pasien COVID-19. Namun demikian, penelitian dengan skala lebih besar dan lebih lanjut masih diperlukan untuk membuktikan bahwa probiotik mampu menjadi solusi dalam tatalaksana infeksi-infeksi akibat virus.","PeriodicalId":14697,"journal":{"name":"JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72614582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Visakha Vidyadevi Wiguna, A. Haq, Luh Gde Sri Adnyani Suari
ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Selama pandemi COVID-19, terjadi peningkatan kebiasaan gaya hidup yang tidak sehat terutama gaya hidup sedentari yang meningkatkan risiko terkait penyakit kardiometabolik. Salah satu penyakit yang memiliki hubungan erat dengan gaya hidup sedentarisme adalah Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). PJK adalah penyebab kematian paling umum penyakit kardiovaskular dengan 12% dari semua kematian di seluruh dunia. Terapi Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) pada fase akut infark miokard dapat mengurangi luas infark, tetapi akibat adanya cedera reperfusi membatasi efikasi terapeutiknya. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan tinjauan pustaka ini adalah dengan pencarian dan tinjauan literatur dari berbagai pusat data daring dan search engine. Pencarian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kata kunci “pitavastatin”, “drug delivery system”, “nanoparticle”, “PLGA”, “myocardial infarction”, “ischemic-reperfusion injury”. Dari hasil pencarian literatur, 34 literatur relevan dan digunakan untuk tinjauan pustaka ini. Pembahasan: Pitavastatin merupakan statin yang memiliki efek signifikan terhadap perubahan pada LDL-C, TG, dan HDL-C. Selain itu, pitavastatin juga memiliki efek kardioprotektif pada cedera iskemia reperfusi dengan menurunkan stres oksidatif dan meningkatkan antioksidan intraseluler. Nanopartikel PLGA mampu meningkatkan efek terapeutik, dari pitavastatin, terutama untuk cedera iskemik- reperfusi dengan sistem penghantaran zat aktif yang cepat dan efek anti-inflamasi yang dimilikinya. Simpulan: Pitavastatin yang dienkapsulasi dengan nanopartikel PLGA mampu mencegah terjadinya cedera iskemik-reperfusi miokardial pada pasien infark miokard. Tindakan pencegahan untuk cedera iskemik-reperfusi miokardial yang seringkali mengalami hambatan dalam penghantaran obat akibat durasi yang tersedia sangat singkat dapat diatasi dengan nanopartikel PLGA.
{"title":"POTENSI PITAVASTATIN DENGAN NANOPARTIKEL POLY(DL-LACTIDE-CO-GLYCOLIDE) (PLGA) DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM SEBAGAI TERAPI ADJUVAN PADA PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER","authors":"Visakha Vidyadevi Wiguna, A. Haq, Luh Gde Sri Adnyani Suari","doi":"10.53366/jimki.v9i3.453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v9i3.453","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK \u0000Pendahuluan: Selama pandemi COVID-19, terjadi peningkatan kebiasaan gaya hidup yang tidak sehat terutama gaya hidup sedentari yang meningkatkan risiko terkait penyakit kardiometabolik. Salah satu penyakit yang memiliki hubungan erat dengan gaya hidup sedentarisme adalah Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). PJK adalah penyebab kematian paling umum penyakit kardiovaskular dengan 12% dari semua kematian di seluruh dunia. Terapi Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) pada fase akut infark miokard dapat mengurangi luas infark, tetapi akibat adanya cedera reperfusi membatasi efikasi terapeutiknya. \u0000Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan tinjauan pustaka ini adalah dengan pencarian dan tinjauan literatur dari berbagai pusat data daring dan search engine. Pencarian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kata kunci “pitavastatin”, “drug delivery system”, “nanoparticle”, “PLGA”, “myocardial infarction”, “ischemic-reperfusion injury”. Dari hasil pencarian literatur, 34 literatur relevan dan digunakan untuk tinjauan pustaka ini. \u0000Pembahasan: Pitavastatin merupakan statin yang memiliki efek signifikan terhadap perubahan pada LDL-C, TG, dan HDL-C. Selain itu, pitavastatin juga memiliki efek kardioprotektif pada cedera iskemia reperfusi dengan menurunkan stres oksidatif dan meningkatkan antioksidan intraseluler. Nanopartikel PLGA mampu meningkatkan efek terapeutik, dari pitavastatin, terutama untuk cedera iskemik- reperfusi dengan sistem penghantaran zat aktif yang cepat dan efek anti-inflamasi yang dimilikinya. \u0000Simpulan: Pitavastatin yang dienkapsulasi dengan nanopartikel PLGA mampu mencegah terjadinya cedera iskemik-reperfusi miokardial pada pasien infark miokard. Tindakan pencegahan untuk cedera iskemik-reperfusi miokardial yang seringkali mengalami hambatan dalam penghantaran obat akibat durasi yang tersedia sangat singkat dapat diatasi dengan nanopartikel PLGA.","PeriodicalId":14697,"journal":{"name":"JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87938140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRAK Gastroenteritis bakteri adalah salah satu penyakit di daerah tropis berupa peradangan lambung dan usus akibat beberapa bakteri, seperti Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella, E. coli, Vibrio, Yersinia, dan Listeria dengan gejala diare tanpa maupun disertai muntah, dan sering demam. Gastroenteritis menjadi penyakit global dengan prevalensi tertinggi pada komunitas agrikultur terutama petani dan nelayan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun dan biji Moringa oleifera sebagai alternatif terapi gastroenteritis bakteri. Metode penulisan jurnal menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan pustaka yang berasal dari analisis dan sintesis berbagai referensi terkait. Penulis memilih jurnal full text dan buku tahun terbit maksimal sepuluh tahun terakhir melalui beberapa database, yaitu PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, dan Cochrane dengan kata kunci: diare, gastroenteritis, dan Moringa oleifera. Ekstrak biji dan daun Moringa oleifera berperan dalam mencegah beberapa efek dari patogenesis diare akibat infeksi bakteri. Metanol, N-hexane, etil asetat, flavonoid, fenol, saponin, alkaloid, tanin, dan steroid dari ekstrak biji dan daun Moringa oleifera memiliki efek antibakteri. Kandungan quercetin memiliki efek antiinflamasi. Kandungan tanin, flavonoid, dan alkaloid memiliki aktivitas antidiare. Kandungan etanol dan tanin memiliki efek antiulkus. Potensi tersebut dapat membantu penyembuhan penderita gastroenteritis bakteri.
{"title":"Potensi Ekstrak Moringa Oleifera Untuk Mengatasi Gastroenteritis Bakteri","authors":"Yemima Billyana Kusbijantoro, Nabila Atika Naufizdihar, Arga Setyo Adji","doi":"10.53366/jimki.v9i3.460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v9i3.460","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK \u0000 \u0000Gastroenteritis bakteri adalah salah satu penyakit di daerah tropis berupa peradangan lambung dan usus akibat beberapa bakteri, seperti Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella, E. coli, Vibrio, Yersinia, dan Listeria dengan gejala diare tanpa maupun disertai muntah, dan sering demam. Gastroenteritis menjadi penyakit global dengan prevalensi tertinggi pada komunitas agrikultur terutama petani dan nelayan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun dan biji Moringa oleifera sebagai alternatif terapi gastroenteritis bakteri. Metode penulisan jurnal menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan pustaka yang berasal dari analisis dan sintesis berbagai referensi terkait. Penulis memilih jurnal full text dan buku tahun terbit maksimal sepuluh tahun terakhir melalui beberapa database, yaitu PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, dan Cochrane dengan kata kunci: diare, gastroenteritis, dan Moringa oleifera. Ekstrak biji dan daun Moringa oleifera berperan dalam mencegah beberapa efek dari patogenesis diare akibat infeksi bakteri. Metanol, N-hexane, etil asetat, flavonoid, fenol, saponin, alkaloid, tanin, dan steroid dari ekstrak biji dan daun Moringa oleifera memiliki efek antibakteri. Kandungan quercetin memiliki efek antiinflamasi. Kandungan tanin, flavonoid, dan alkaloid memiliki aktivitas antidiare. Kandungan etanol dan tanin memiliki efek antiulkus. Potensi tersebut dapat membantu penyembuhan penderita gastroenteritis bakteri.","PeriodicalId":14697,"journal":{"name":"JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90136428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Kematian ibu dapat terjadi pada waktu kehamilan ataupun terminasi kehamilan. Terdapat sekitar 295.000 kematian ibu di dunia pada tahun 2017. Indonesia sendiri merupakan negara dengan angka kematian ibu ke-3 terbesar di Asia Tenggara. Salah satu penyebab terbanyak dari kematian ibu adalah preeklamsia. Preeklamsia biasanya dialami oleh ibu hamil dengan kehamilan yang berusia lebih dari 20 minggu, dimana terjadi peningkatan tekanan darah dan proteinuria, serta dapat menyebabkan banyak komplikasi. Metode terapi definitif preeklamsia yang ada saat ini hanyalah melalui terminasi kehamilan yang bisa memberikan banyak dampak negatif terhadap janin, seperti kelahiran preterm, pertumbuhan janin terhambat, gangguan pernapasan, hingga kematian. Saat ini, beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebuah molekul small interfering RNA (siRNA) mempunyai potensi untuk menjadi agen terapi yang lebih efektif terhadap preeklamsia. Oleh karena itu, telaah literatur ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi siRNA sebagai inovasi pengobatan preeklamsia pada ibu hamil. Metode: Telaah literatur ini dilakukan pada artikel dari beberapa database medis berupa NCBI pubmed, Elsevier, dan Google Scholar, dengan pencarian kata kunci “Nanopartikel”, “Nrf2”, “Preeklamsia”, “sFlt1”, dan “siRNA”. Pembahasan: Didapatkan 6 jurnal utama yang berkorelasi dengan tujuan pembuatan telaah literatur ini dan diperoleh informasi bahwa molekul siRNA dapat melakukan silencing terhadap komponen Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) dan Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf-2) yang berperan dalam patofisiologi terjadinya preeklamsia. Selain itu, stabilisasi penggunaan formulasi ini dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengenkapsulasi siRNA di dalam nanopartikel. Simpulan: Formulasi siRNA terhadap sFlt-1 dan Nrf-2 dapat menjadi formulasi baru yang berpotensi untuk menjadi suatu inovasi agen terapi preeklamsia yang lebih efektif.
{"title":"Potensi siRNA Terenkapsulasi Nanopartikel sebagai Agen Silencing sflt-1 dan nrf-2: Inovasi Terapi Efektif terhadap Preeklamsia","authors":"Sanjaya Winarta, Raimond Loa, Renaldo Thosal","doi":"10.53366/jimki.v9i3.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v9i3.433","url":null,"abstract":" ABSTRAK \u0000Pendahuluan: Kematian ibu dapat terjadi pada waktu kehamilan ataupun terminasi kehamilan. Terdapat sekitar 295.000 kematian ibu di dunia pada tahun 2017. Indonesia sendiri merupakan negara dengan angka kematian ibu ke-3 terbesar di Asia Tenggara. Salah satu penyebab terbanyak dari kematian ibu adalah preeklamsia. Preeklamsia biasanya dialami oleh ibu hamil dengan kehamilan yang berusia lebih dari 20 minggu, dimana terjadi peningkatan tekanan darah dan proteinuria, serta dapat menyebabkan banyak komplikasi. Metode terapi definitif preeklamsia yang ada saat ini hanyalah melalui terminasi kehamilan yang bisa memberikan banyak dampak negatif terhadap janin, seperti kelahiran preterm, pertumbuhan janin terhambat, gangguan pernapasan, hingga kematian. Saat ini, beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebuah molekul small interfering RNA (siRNA) mempunyai potensi untuk menjadi agen terapi yang lebih efektif terhadap preeklamsia. Oleh karena itu, telaah literatur ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi siRNA sebagai inovasi pengobatan preeklamsia pada ibu hamil. Metode: Telaah literatur ini dilakukan pada artikel dari beberapa database medis berupa NCBI pubmed, Elsevier, dan Google Scholar, dengan pencarian kata kunci “Nanopartikel”, “Nrf2”, “Preeklamsia”, “sFlt1”, dan “siRNA”. Pembahasan: Didapatkan 6 jurnal utama yang berkorelasi dengan tujuan pembuatan telaah literatur ini dan diperoleh informasi bahwa molekul siRNA dapat melakukan silencing terhadap komponen Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) dan Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf-2) yang berperan dalam patofisiologi terjadinya preeklamsia. Selain itu, stabilisasi penggunaan formulasi ini dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengenkapsulasi siRNA di dalam nanopartikel. Simpulan: Formulasi siRNA terhadap sFlt-1 dan Nrf-2 dapat menjadi formulasi baru yang berpotensi untuk menjadi suatu inovasi agen terapi preeklamsia yang lebih efektif. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14697,"journal":{"name":"JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77559931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Depression is a mood disorder that causes loss of motivation to stay or to do daily activities. Research on depression prevalence indicates that approximately 4.4% of the worldwide population suffers it. The mechanism in which depression occurred due to fast foods is the excessive fat content disturbs neurogenesis in the brain. This research is carried out to look into the connection among fast food intake with the incidence of depression. Method: An analytical study with a cross-sectional design is the method chosen to conduct this research. The samples include college students from the Faculty of Medicine in University of Sumatera Utara admitted in 2018 and acquired with total sampling. The tools used in this research were the CES-D and FFQ questionnaire. Results: The incidence of depression among applicants in 2018 was 48.3%.The statistical calculations indicates that there is a significant relationship between fast food consumption and depression (p=0,043); but not significant to family income (p=0,684) and physical activity (p=0,289). Conclusion: Excessive consumption of junk food can increase the risk of depression.
{"title":"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAST FOOD CONSUMPTION AND THE INCIDENCE OF DEPRESSION","authors":"Kevin Lim","doi":"10.53366/jimki.v9i3.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v9i3.475","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Depression is a mood disorder that causes loss of motivation to stay or to do daily activities. Research on depression prevalence indicates that approximately 4.4% of the worldwide population suffers it. The mechanism in which depression occurred due to fast foods is the excessive fat content disturbs neurogenesis in the brain. This research is carried out to look into the connection among fast food intake with the incidence of depression. \u0000Method: An analytical study with a cross-sectional design is the method chosen to conduct this research. The samples include college students from the Faculty of Medicine in University of Sumatera Utara admitted in 2018 and acquired with total sampling. The tools used in this research were the CES-D and FFQ questionnaire. \u0000Results: The incidence of depression among applicants in 2018 was 48.3%.The statistical calculations indicates that there is a significant relationship between fast food consumption and depression (p=0,043); but not significant to family income (p=0,684) and physical activity (p=0,289). \u0000Conclusion: Excessive consumption of junk food can increase the risk of depression.","PeriodicalId":14697,"journal":{"name":"JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76107809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that was recently characterized as a pandemic. One of the complications of this disease is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) which is caused by cytokine storm. Current treatments for COVID-19 with ARDS are only symptomatic and have many weaknesses. Therefore, new therapeutic agent for COVID-19 is still needed. This literature review is made to determine the potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) as a novel therapeutic agent in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This literature review is based on articles from several medical databases such as NCBI Pubmed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar, with the keywords used are “ARDS”, “COVID-19”, “Cytokine Storm”, “hUC-MSCs”, and “Stem cell”. Discussion: There are 5 major studies that correlate with the aim of this literature which were analyzed systematically. Cytokine storm is an excessive immune response caused by the increase of proinflammatory cytokines that can cause organ injury, especially in the lung. On the other hand, hUC-MSCs, a mesenchymal stem cell derived from human umbilical cord, can overcome the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients by reducing the proinflammatory cytokine, improving lung inflammatory consolidation, increase oxygenation index and increasing the recovery time. Conclusion hUC-MSCs have the potential to become a promising therapeutic agent to overcome the COVID-19 infection.
{"title":"THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS AS A PROMISING THERAPY IN OVERCOMING CYTOKINE STORM IN COVID-19 PATIENTS","authors":"Sanjaya Winarta, Megan Janice Nawing, Rivaldo Go","doi":"10.53366/jimki.v9i3.464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v9i3.464","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that was recently characterized as a pandemic. One of the complications of this disease is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) which is caused by cytokine storm. Current treatments for COVID-19 with ARDS are only symptomatic and have many weaknesses. Therefore, new therapeutic agent for COVID-19 is still needed. This literature review is made to determine the potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) as a novel therapeutic agent in COVID-19 patients. \u0000Methods: This literature review is based on articles from several medical databases such as NCBI Pubmed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar, with the keywords used are “ARDS”, “COVID-19”, “Cytokine Storm”, “hUC-MSCs”, and “Stem cell”. \u0000Discussion: There are 5 major studies that correlate with the aim of this literature which were analyzed systematically. Cytokine storm is an excessive immune response caused by the increase of proinflammatory cytokines that can cause organ injury, especially in the lung. On the other hand, hUC-MSCs, a mesenchymal stem cell derived from human umbilical cord, can overcome the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients by reducing the proinflammatory cytokine, improving lung inflammatory consolidation, increase oxygenation index and increasing the recovery time. \u0000Conclusion hUC-MSCs have the potential to become a promising therapeutic agent to overcome the COVID-19 infection.","PeriodicalId":14697,"journal":{"name":"JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84324136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan infeksi oportunistik yang paling sering ditemukan pada infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dan menjadi penyebab kematian paling tinggi pada Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Risiko penularan TB 26 sampai 31 kali lebih besar terjadi pada penderita HIV dibandingkan dengan orang tanpa HIV. Pasien TB-HIV cenderung memiliki hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium bakteri tahan asam (BTA) negatif dan gambaran radiologis yang tidak khas. Kedua hal tersebut menjadi kendala dalam menentukan diagnosis dan tatalaksananya. Semakin berat tingkat imunosupresi pasien TB-HIV yang ditunjukkan dengan penurunan kadar cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), maka gambaran radiologisnya semakin tidak khas. Jumlah CD4 berhubungan dengan manifestasi klinis pasien HIV yang bisa dilihat dari gambaran radiologis, sehingga dapat digunakan dalam mempercepat penegakkan diagnosis dan tatalaksana TB-HIV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara CD4 dengan gambaran radiologis pasien TB-HIV di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional dan dilakukan pada bulan November hingga Desember 2020 di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Besar subjek penelitian sebanyak 30 pasien yang diambil dengan teknik non-probability purposive sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan data rekam medis pasien. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Fisher. Hasil: Hasil uji Fisher didapatkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara CD4 dengan gambaran radiologis pasien TB-HIV (p=1,000). Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara CD4 dengan gambaran radiologis pasien TB-HIV.
{"title":"CORRELATION BETWEEN CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION 4 (CD4) WITH RADIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TB-HIV PATIENS","authors":"Angiesta Pinakesty","doi":"10.53366/jimki.v9i3.423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v9i3.423","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK \u0000Pendahuluan: Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan infeksi oportunistik yang paling sering ditemukan pada infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dan menjadi penyebab kematian paling tinggi pada Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Risiko penularan TB 26 sampai 31 kali lebih besar terjadi pada penderita HIV dibandingkan dengan orang tanpa HIV. Pasien TB-HIV cenderung memiliki hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium bakteri tahan asam (BTA) negatif dan gambaran radiologis yang tidak khas. Kedua hal tersebut menjadi kendala dalam menentukan diagnosis dan tatalaksananya. Semakin berat tingkat imunosupresi pasien TB-HIV yang ditunjukkan dengan penurunan kadar cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), maka gambaran radiologisnya semakin tidak khas. Jumlah CD4 berhubungan dengan manifestasi klinis pasien HIV yang bisa dilihat dari gambaran radiologis, sehingga dapat digunakan dalam mempercepat penegakkan diagnosis dan tatalaksana TB-HIV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara CD4 dengan gambaran radiologis pasien TB-HIV di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta. \u0000Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional dan dilakukan pada bulan November hingga Desember 2020 di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Besar subjek penelitian sebanyak 30 pasien yang diambil dengan teknik non-probability purposive sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan data rekam medis pasien. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Fisher. \u0000Hasil: Hasil uji Fisher didapatkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara CD4 dengan gambaran radiologis pasien TB-HIV (p=1,000). \u0000Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara CD4 dengan gambaran radiologis pasien TB-HIV.","PeriodicalId":14697,"journal":{"name":"JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76716626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thrombosis, an imbalanced interaction between blood components, contributes greatly to deaths that occur worldwide. Therefore, treatment that can reverse the condition of blood clotting and hypercoagulability is essential. However, the drugs used to treat thrombosis-based diseases have side effects that can be seen in short and long term, particularly an increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, an alternative treatment is needed to overcome the problem of thrombosis without causing significant side effects that can endanger the lives of anticoagulant drug users. The solution to this problem is none other than nature provided, a protease inhibitor obtained through the venom of the Bungarus fasciatus snake, Fasxiator. Fasxiator can dilute blood through the inhibition of Contact Activation System (CAS) mechanism, specifically inhibiting factor XIa. The advantage of blood clotting inhibition through the CAS method is that it does not affect normal hemostasis, thereby minimizing the bleeding problems that are common with other anticoagulant drugs. Animal studies in rats demonstrated properties of high target selectivity for factor XIa, effectiveness, and high safety profile of Fasxiator, enabling the application of Fasxiator as an anticoagulant in the future. Therefore, based on the discussion that has been explained above, Fasxiator has the potential to be used as an anticoagulant on humans in the future due to its high selectivity, effectivity, and safety in previous animal studies.
{"title":"DISSECTING FASXIATOR POTENTIAL AS ALTERNATIVE ANTICOAGULANT BY PREVENTING THROMBOSIS THROUGH INHIBITION OF CONTACT ACTIVATION SYSTEM","authors":"Nadine Aurelie","doi":"10.53366/jimki.v9i3.476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v9i3.476","url":null,"abstract":"Thrombosis, an imbalanced interaction between blood components, contributes greatly to deaths that occur worldwide. Therefore, treatment that can reverse the condition of blood clotting and hypercoagulability is essential. However, the drugs used to treat thrombosis-based diseases have side effects that can be seen in short and long term, particularly an increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, an alternative treatment is needed to overcome the problem of thrombosis without causing significant side effects that can endanger the lives of anticoagulant drug users. The solution to this problem is none other than nature provided, a protease inhibitor obtained through the venom of the Bungarus fasciatus snake, Fasxiator. \u0000Fasxiator can dilute blood through the inhibition of Contact Activation System (CAS) mechanism, specifically inhibiting factor XIa. The advantage of blood clotting inhibition through the CAS method is that it does not affect normal hemostasis, thereby minimizing the bleeding problems that are common with other anticoagulant drugs. Animal studies in rats demonstrated properties of high target selectivity for factor XIa, effectiveness, and high safety profile of Fasxiator, enabling the application of Fasxiator as an anticoagulant in the future. \u0000Therefore, based on the discussion that has been explained above, Fasxiator has the potential to be used as an anticoagulant on humans in the future due to its high selectivity, effectivity, and safety in previous animal studies.","PeriodicalId":14697,"journal":{"name":"JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81628153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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