Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2152597
Long Chen, Fei He
ABSTRACT Cord steel is a kind of high-quality wire, whose mechanical properties will affect the safety and service life of tire. Therefore, the prediction model of mechanical properties during production process is very important to ensure the quality stability. In the paper, the Multi-Stage Neural Network with Time-Series data (MSNNTS) is proposed to mine the rich information of high-resolution time-series data and represent multistage process to achieve accurate mechanical properties prediction. According to the results, the best mean relative error, for tensile strength prediction, is about 1.25% and the hit rate with 3% error limit is about 98% on the testing set. It also obtains good results in predicting reduction of area. The results show that the method is of great significance to improve the quality stability and uniformity of cord steel.
{"title":"Mechanical properties prediction of tire cord steel via multi-stage neural network with time-series data","authors":"Long Chen, Fei He","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2152597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2152597","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cord steel is a kind of high-quality wire, whose mechanical properties will affect the safety and service life of tire. Therefore, the prediction model of mechanical properties during production process is very important to ensure the quality stability. In the paper, the Multi-Stage Neural Network with Time-Series data (MSNNTS) is proposed to mine the rich information of high-resolution time-series data and represent multistage process to achieve accurate mechanical properties prediction. According to the results, the best mean relative error, for tensile strength prediction, is about 1.25% and the hit rate with 3% error limit is about 98% on the testing set. It also obtains good results in predicting reduction of area. The results show that the method is of great significance to improve the quality stability and uniformity of cord steel.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":"50 1","pages":"671 - 677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43447637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2151768
Bo Zhao, Min Xia, C. Ge, Ming-Yu Wu
ABSTRACT Hot working response of as-cast W12Cr4V5Co5 steel was investigated by isothermal compression testing in the temperature range of 1000-1150°C and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s−1. Experimental results showed that the flow stress and microstructure evolution were susceptible to the hot deformation parameters. Work hardening first occurred at a small strain, followed by softening, and finally, an approximate dynamic equilibrium was achieved between work hardening and softening. The activation energy of deformation was calculated to be 557.33 kJ mol−1, and constitutive equations compensated with strain were proposed to describe the flow stress as a function of deformation parameters. Microstructure analysis indicated that the average grain size decreased with the increase in strain rate and the decrease in deformation temperature. Additionally, the simulation of hot deformation via Deform-3D software revealed the sample's inhomogeneous deformation during hot compression. This study may provide guidance for hot working of as-cast W12Cr4V5Co5 steel.
{"title":"Research on hot deformation behaviour of as-cast W12Cr4V5Co5 steel","authors":"Bo Zhao, Min Xia, C. Ge, Ming-Yu Wu","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2151768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2151768","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hot working response of as-cast W12Cr4V5Co5 steel was investigated by isothermal compression testing in the temperature range of 1000-1150°C and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s−1. Experimental results showed that the flow stress and microstructure evolution were susceptible to the hot deformation parameters. Work hardening first occurred at a small strain, followed by softening, and finally, an approximate dynamic equilibrium was achieved between work hardening and softening. The activation energy of deformation was calculated to be 557.33 kJ mol−1, and constitutive equations compensated with strain were proposed to describe the flow stress as a function of deformation parameters. Microstructure analysis indicated that the average grain size decreased with the increase in strain rate and the decrease in deformation temperature. Additionally, the simulation of hot deformation via Deform-3D software revealed the sample's inhomogeneous deformation during hot compression. This study may provide guidance for hot working of as-cast W12Cr4V5Co5 steel.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":"50 1","pages":"658 - 669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48362513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2140254
Zhijian Zhao, H. Saxén, Yanjun Liu, X. She, Q. Xue
ABSTRACT A mathematical model of the upper part of a 1080 m3 bell-less top blast furnace is established. The influence of the mass proportion of pellet on burden distribution and packed bed structure is analysed by the discrete element method. The results show that the radial segregation of the charge is affected by the pellet ratio: when the proportion of pellets increases from 20% to 40%, the angle of the pile decreases from 32.3° to 27.3°, while the bottom width of the pile increases, and the height and top width of the pile tend to decrease. Furthermore, with the increase of the proportion of pellets, the porosity of the packed bed tends to decrease. For the packed bed within 1 m from the furnace wall, the porosity tends to decrease from the edge to the centre.
{"title":"Numerical study on the influence of pellet proportion on burden distribution in blast furnace","authors":"Zhijian Zhao, H. Saxén, Yanjun Liu, X. She, Q. Xue","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2140254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2140254","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A mathematical model of the upper part of a 1080 m3 bell-less top blast furnace is established. The influence of the mass proportion of pellet on burden distribution and packed bed structure is analysed by the discrete element method. The results show that the radial segregation of the charge is affected by the pellet ratio: when the proportion of pellets increases from 20% to 40%, the angle of the pile decreases from 32.3° to 27.3°, while the bottom width of the pile increases, and the height and top width of the pile tend to decrease. Furthermore, with the increase of the proportion of pellets, the porosity of the packed bed tends to decrease. For the packed bed within 1 m from the furnace wall, the porosity tends to decrease from the edge to the centre.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":"50 1","pages":"613 - 620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42540321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2144400
Li-ming Ma, Jian-liang Zhang, Yao-zu Wang, M. Lu, Qiu-ye Cai, Chen-yang Xu, Zhuo Li, Zheng-jian Liu
ABSTRACT An in-depth study of the consolidation behaviour of high-silica fluxed pellets will help promote the development of a high-proportion pellet smelting process suitable for China’s resource structure. Lime, slaked lime, and limestone were used as calcium-containing additives to prepare high-silica fluxed pellets, and the suitable calcium-containing additives were lime and limestone. Compared with acid pellets, the suitable preheating temperature of high-silica fluxed pellets is higher (1100°C). The phase transformation during preheating consists mainly of the thermal decomposition of CaCO3 and Ca (OH)2 and the reaction between the solid phases.The roasting temperature of high-silica fluxed pellets should be controlled within a small range (1250°C–1280°C). The phase transition during the roasting of mainly lies in the generation and migration of the liquid phase. The Fe2O3 consolidation, the pore distribution law, and the liquid phase formation jointly determine the consolidation properties of the pellet.
{"title":"Phase transition mechanism of high-silica fluxed pellets during consolidation","authors":"Li-ming Ma, Jian-liang Zhang, Yao-zu Wang, M. Lu, Qiu-ye Cai, Chen-yang Xu, Zhuo Li, Zheng-jian Liu","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2144400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2144400","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An in-depth study of the consolidation behaviour of high-silica fluxed pellets will help promote the development of a high-proportion pellet smelting process suitable for China’s resource structure. Lime, slaked lime, and limestone were used as calcium-containing additives to prepare high-silica fluxed pellets, and the suitable calcium-containing additives were lime and limestone. Compared with acid pellets, the suitable preheating temperature of high-silica fluxed pellets is higher (1100°C). The phase transformation during preheating consists mainly of the thermal decomposition of CaCO3 and Ca (OH)2 and the reaction between the solid phases.The roasting temperature of high-silica fluxed pellets should be controlled within a small range (1250°C–1280°C). The phase transition during the roasting of mainly lies in the generation and migration of the liquid phase. The Fe2O3 consolidation, the pore distribution law, and the liquid phase formation jointly determine the consolidation properties of the pellet.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":"50 1","pages":"637 - 647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43207845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-13DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2143087
B. Rivolta, R. Gerosa, D. Panzeri, L. Piazza, L. Angelini, N. Bolognani, Attilio Panzeri, A. Parimbelli, C. Sala
ABSTRACT High carbon steels are employed for the production of critical components, such as ropes, cables and springs. After hot rolling, their microstructure is controlled by Stelmor cooling, since they are often subjected to strong drawing operations. The as-rolled deformability is a basic property to prevent damages in the following plastic deformation. In the industrial world, it is known that their deformability improves significantly after a storage of a certain time, ranging from some days up to 15–20 days. In this experimental work, the deformability of a high carbon steel was investigated after different storage times varying the wire rod diameter. The percentage reduction of area (ROA) increased after some days until a stable value was reached after about 7–15 days depending on the considered diameter. The fracture surfaces of the aged specimens were analysed by SEM.
{"title":"Reverse aging of pearlitic carbon steel wire rod","authors":"B. Rivolta, R. Gerosa, D. Panzeri, L. Piazza, L. Angelini, N. Bolognani, Attilio Panzeri, A. Parimbelli, C. Sala","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2143087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2143087","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT High carbon steels are employed for the production of critical components, such as ropes, cables and springs. After hot rolling, their microstructure is controlled by Stelmor cooling, since they are often subjected to strong drawing operations. The as-rolled deformability is a basic property to prevent damages in the following plastic deformation. In the industrial world, it is known that their deformability improves significantly after a storage of a certain time, ranging from some days up to 15–20 days. In this experimental work, the deformability of a high carbon steel was investigated after different storage times varying the wire rod diameter. The percentage reduction of area (ROA) increased after some days until a stable value was reached after about 7–15 days depending on the considered diameter. The fracture surfaces of the aged specimens were analysed by SEM.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":"50 1","pages":"630 - 636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42731545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2139311
R. Amini, S. Kheradmand, Mehrdad Rasoulimoghadam
ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to optimize the first two-stage ejectors of a VD/VOD system in order to increase the entrainment ratio (ER) of the system. By optimizing the first ejector, its working point is located in the double choked region, and its entrainment ratio increases up to 0.342. Furthermore, the maximum back pressure corresponding to the breaking point of the optimized first ejector increases by 12.1% compared to its original state. The working point of the original second ejector is in the single choked region and the performance of this ejector is also low. By optimizing the second ejector, the working point becomes closer to the double choked region, and its entrainment ratio increases by 26.43%. The outlet pressure corresponding to the breaking point of the optimized second ejector increases by 5.1% compared to its original state.
{"title":"Optimization of VD/VOD multi-stage serial steam ejectors based on CFD","authors":"R. Amini, S. Kheradmand, Mehrdad Rasoulimoghadam","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2139311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2139311","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to optimize the first two-stage ejectors of a VD/VOD system in order to increase the entrainment ratio (ER) of the system. By optimizing the first ejector, its working point is located in the double choked region, and its entrainment ratio increases up to 0.342. Furthermore, the maximum back pressure corresponding to the breaking point of the optimized first ejector increases by 12.1% compared to its original state. The working point of the original second ejector is in the single choked region and the performance of this ejector is also low. By optimizing the second ejector, the working point becomes closer to the double choked region, and its entrainment ratio increases by 26.43%. The outlet pressure corresponding to the breaking point of the optimized second ejector increases by 5.1% compared to its original state.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":"50 1","pages":"599 - 612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48873303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2140255
Haiwei An, Xin Jiang, Heng Ji, Zhixin Zhang, Liang He, Hai-yan Zheng, Qiang-jian Gao, F. Shen
ABSTRACT Calcium ferrite is the most basic bonding phase in sinter and the matrix of Silico-ferrites of calcium and aluminium (SFCA). In order to better understand the fundamentals of the reduction of CaO·Fe2O3, CaO·Fe2O3 samples were prepared by solid-state sintering and reduced by CO/CO2 mixture gas at 1000°C. Then, the equilibrium phase and morphology were tested by XRD and SEM-EDS. The experimental results indicated that (1) As CO/(CO + CO2) = 20%, CaO·Fe2O3 was reduced to CaO·FeO·Fe2O3 and 2CaO·Fe2O3. (2) As CO/(CO + CO2) = 40%, CaO·FeO·Fe2O3 was reduced to CaO·3FeO·Fe2O3 and 2CaO·Fe2O3, the equilibrium phases were CaO·3FeO·Fe2O3 and 2CaO·Fe2O3. (3) As CO/(CO + CO2) = 60%, CaO·3FeO·Fe2O3 was reduced to FeO and 2CaO·Fe2O3, and 2CaO·Fe2O3 was still the stable phase. (4) As CO/(CO + CO2) = 80%, FeO was reduced to metallic Fe, and 2CaO·Fe2O3 was reduced to metallic Fe and CaO. The finding from this work may be used as a theoretical foundation for the research of the reduction of SFCA.
{"title":"Fundamentals of reduction of CaO·Fe2O3 in CO/CO2 gas at 1000°C","authors":"Haiwei An, Xin Jiang, Heng Ji, Zhixin Zhang, Liang He, Hai-yan Zheng, Qiang-jian Gao, F. Shen","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2140255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2140255","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Calcium ferrite is the most basic bonding phase in sinter and the matrix of Silico-ferrites of calcium and aluminium (SFCA). In order to better understand the fundamentals of the reduction of CaO·Fe2O3, CaO·Fe2O3 samples were prepared by solid-state sintering and reduced by CO/CO2 mixture gas at 1000°C. Then, the equilibrium phase and morphology were tested by XRD and SEM-EDS. The experimental results indicated that (1) As CO/(CO + CO2) = 20%, CaO·Fe2O3 was reduced to CaO·FeO·Fe2O3 and 2CaO·Fe2O3. (2) As CO/(CO + CO2) = 40%, CaO·FeO·Fe2O3 was reduced to CaO·3FeO·Fe2O3 and 2CaO·Fe2O3, the equilibrium phases were CaO·3FeO·Fe2O3 and 2CaO·Fe2O3. (3) As CO/(CO + CO2) = 60%, CaO·3FeO·Fe2O3 was reduced to FeO and 2CaO·Fe2O3, and 2CaO·Fe2O3 was still the stable phase. (4) As CO/(CO + CO2) = 80%, FeO was reduced to metallic Fe, and 2CaO·Fe2O3 was reduced to metallic Fe and CaO. The finding from this work may be used as a theoretical foundation for the research of the reduction of SFCA.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":"50 1","pages":"621 - 629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46570508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-06DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2138168
Jiwei Bao, M. Chu, Zhenggen Liu, Dong Han, Jun Guo, Lifeng Zhang
ABSTRACT The application of iron carbon agglomerates (ICA) in blast furnace (BF) is considered to be an innovative technology of low-carbon ironmaking. In this paper, the influence mechanism of different reactive ICAs on softening-melting-dropping properties of BF mixed burdens was revealed. The results show that mixing ICA in the ferrous burdens can effectively improve softening-melting dropping properties of mixed burdens and the improvement effect is the best when the iron ore ratio of ICA is 20%~30%. The influence mechanism is: (1) ICA has a coupling effect with the reduction of ferrous burdens, which can promote reduction of ferrous burdens and improve softening-melting performance of mixed burdens. (2) ICA can promote the molten iron carbonization and reduce the viscosity of primary slag, which can improve dropping performance of slag-iron. (3) ICA can support the skeleton of burden bed and space the burdens, which can improve gas permeability of burden bed.
{"title":"Influence mechanism of different reactive Iron Carbon Agglomerates on softening–melting–dropping properties of BF mixed burdens","authors":"Jiwei Bao, M. Chu, Zhenggen Liu, Dong Han, Jun Guo, Lifeng Zhang","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2138168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2138168","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The application of iron carbon agglomerates (ICA) in blast furnace (BF) is considered to be an innovative technology of low-carbon ironmaking. In this paper, the influence mechanism of different reactive ICAs on softening-melting-dropping properties of BF mixed burdens was revealed. The results show that mixing ICA in the ferrous burdens can effectively improve softening-melting dropping properties of mixed burdens and the improvement effect is the best when the iron ore ratio of ICA is 20%~30%. The influence mechanism is: (1) ICA has a coupling effect with the reduction of ferrous burdens, which can promote reduction of ferrous burdens and improve softening-melting performance of mixed burdens. (2) ICA can promote the molten iron carbonization and reduce the viscosity of primary slag, which can improve dropping performance of slag-iron. (3) ICA can support the skeleton of burden bed and space the burdens, which can improve gas permeability of burden bed.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":"50 1","pages":"571 - 584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48651703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-06DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2139286
You Xie, Xiaoling Meng, Xiangyang Deng, Shichao Li
ABSTRACT The behaviour of sulphide inclusion in Ti-S-containing gear steel is studied, when Mg–Ca treatment is applied to control the sulphide shape. The results show that MgO + CaS will appear in molten steel after Mg–Ca treatment is carried out and act as the heterogeneous nucleus of TiN and MnS during subsequent solidification process. CaS in molten steel has the tendency to transform into (Ca,Mn)S with the development of solidification. The transformation degree is influenced by cooling rate and even stopped when CaS is totally covered by a TiN shell, resulting in the formation of three types of sulphides with evidently different chemical compositional characteristics in casted billet. Based on the study in the paper, the improvement of sulphide morphology under heterogeneous nucleation effect by oxide core and modification effect by calcium will be prevented by the titanium nitride which precipitates first in Ti-containing gear steel.
{"title":"Evolution of sulphide inclusion in Mg–Ca treating gear steel","authors":"You Xie, Xiaoling Meng, Xiangyang Deng, Shichao Li","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2139286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2139286","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The behaviour of sulphide inclusion in Ti-S-containing gear steel is studied, when Mg–Ca treatment is applied to control the sulphide shape. The results show that MgO + CaS will appear in molten steel after Mg–Ca treatment is carried out and act as the heterogeneous nucleus of TiN and MnS during subsequent solidification process. CaS in molten steel has the tendency to transform into (Ca,Mn)S with the development of solidification. The transformation degree is influenced by cooling rate and even stopped when CaS is totally covered by a TiN shell, resulting in the formation of three types of sulphides with evidently different chemical compositional characteristics in casted billet. Based on the study in the paper, the improvement of sulphide morphology under heterogeneous nucleation effect by oxide core and modification effect by calcium will be prevented by the titanium nitride which precipitates first in Ti-containing gear steel.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":"50 1","pages":"592 - 598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49166361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Application of vibration impact at the outer arc side of a billet with a central linear liquid fraction of 25% -35% at 9.5 m from the meniscus. The results show that the impact vibration with low frequency and high impact energy can not only reduce the central porosity degree of the billet from 1.532 to 1.169, but also compact the liquid core, improve the central porosity and promote the heterogeneous nucleation of the molten pool. High frequency and low impact energy can not only increase the proportion of mixed crystal zone by about 8 %, but also reduce the central carbon segregation index from 1.08 to 1.04. Meanwhile, the two kinds of impact vibrations increase the area ratio of the central carbon segregation index in the range of 0.95-1.05 from 56.32% to 70.26% and 80.17%, respectively, and uniform the central carbon distribution of the billet.
{"title":"Effect of solidification end impact vibration on the internal quality of a continuous casting billet","authors":"Baozhen Yang, Hui Zhang, Qiang Lu, Ming-lin Wang, Wenbo Zhao, Chang Shen","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2139048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2139048","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Application of vibration impact at the outer arc side of a billet with a central linear liquid fraction of 25% -35% at 9.5 m from the meniscus. The results show that the impact vibration with low frequency and high impact energy can not only reduce the central porosity degree of the billet from 1.532 to 1.169, but also compact the liquid core, improve the central porosity and promote the heterogeneous nucleation of the molten pool. High frequency and low impact energy can not only increase the proportion of mixed crystal zone by about 8 %, but also reduce the central carbon segregation index from 1.08 to 1.04. Meanwhile, the two kinds of impact vibrations increase the area ratio of the central carbon segregation index in the range of 0.95-1.05 from 56.32% to 70.26% and 80.17%, respectively, and uniform the central carbon distribution of the billet.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":"50 1","pages":"585 - 591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47927778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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