We studied nutrition requirements of small colony mutants ofStaph. aureus, that are resistant to 10, 000γ/ml of SM, and also the resistance against SM, of large colony strain arising out of reverse mutation, and obtained the following results.1. When cultured in the media containing hemoglobin, glutamic acid, glucose, glycerin, filtrate of live bacteria in culture, and filtrate of dead bacteria (killed by heating), there could be observed no accelerating action on the cell growth of these strains.2. When cultured in the common agar medium containing 1% hemoglobin, there arose large colonies by reverse mutation, and likewise when cultured in the common agar containing the filtrate of live bacteria in culture, there developed many large colony mutants. In the case cultured in common agar plate medium there could be recognized a few large colony mutants.3. We also attempted to restore the SM resistance of large colony mutant, namely, reverse-mutant strain, but could not recognize any change in the SM resistance.
{"title":"Studies on the Staphylococcus","authors":"D. Mano, M. Kawakami","doi":"10.3412/JSB.16.1080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.16.1080","url":null,"abstract":"We studied nutrition requirements of small colony mutants ofStaph. aureus, that are resistant to 10, 000γ/ml of SM, and also the resistance against SM, of large colony strain arising out of reverse mutation, and obtained the following results.1. When cultured in the media containing hemoglobin, glutamic acid, glucose, glycerin, filtrate of live bacteria in culture, and filtrate of dead bacteria (killed by heating), there could be observed no accelerating action on the cell growth of these strains.2. When cultured in the common agar medium containing 1% hemoglobin, there arose large colonies by reverse mutation, and likewise when cultured in the common agar containing the filtrate of live bacteria in culture, there developed many large colony mutants. In the case cultured in common agar plate medium there could be recognized a few large colony mutants.3. We also attempted to restore the SM resistance of large colony mutant, namely, reverse-mutant strain, but could not recognize any change in the SM resistance.","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1080-1083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80119373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A comparision of the maintenance of infectious activity of Myc. lepraemurium kept under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was investigated. The Hawaiian strain of Myc. lepraemurium suspension in M/20 Sorensen buffer (pH 6.9) with and without 0.5% glucose or pyruvate was kept under aerobic or anaerobic condition which was made by adding paraffin oil. The materials for testing infectivity were taken from each tube stored under definite conditions at appropriate times. The materials were subcutaneously inoculated into several mice for each condition, and mice tested were killed about five months after inoculation.The results obtained here demonstrated that the infectious activity of Myc. lepraemurium was kept for more than 10 days if the bacillary suspension was stored under anaerobic condition, on the contrary, if the suspension was kept under aerobic condition, the infectious activity of the bacilli was lost within 7 days' incubation. The similar findings were observed in the cases of media containing glucose or pyruvate. However, when the medium contained glucose, the infectious activity of the bacillus was lost for a short time even if kept under anaerobic condition. On the other hand, if the medium contained pyruvate, the infectious activity of the bacillus was maintained for more than 20 days after incubation at 37°C either under aerobic and anaerobic condition.
{"title":"Biological Properties of Myc. Lepraemurium","authors":"Masahiro Nakamura","doi":"10.3412/JSB.17.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.17.209","url":null,"abstract":"A comparision of the maintenance of infectious activity of Myc. lepraemurium kept under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was investigated. The Hawaiian strain of Myc. lepraemurium suspension in M/20 Sorensen buffer (pH 6.9) with and without 0.5% glucose or pyruvate was kept under aerobic or anaerobic condition which was made by adding paraffin oil. The materials for testing infectivity were taken from each tube stored under definite conditions at appropriate times. The materials were subcutaneously inoculated into several mice for each condition, and mice tested were killed about five months after inoculation.The results obtained here demonstrated that the infectious activity of Myc. lepraemurium was kept for more than 10 days if the bacillary suspension was stored under anaerobic condition, on the contrary, if the suspension was kept under aerobic condition, the infectious activity of the bacilli was lost within 7 days' incubation. The similar findings were observed in the cases of media containing glucose or pyruvate. However, when the medium contained glucose, the infectious activity of the bacillus was lost for a short time even if kept under anaerobic condition. On the other hand, if the medium contained pyruvate, the infectious activity of the bacillus was maintained for more than 20 days after incubation at 37°C either under aerobic and anaerobic condition.","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"67 1","pages":"209-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89086418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When mice passively immunized with anti-O serum were challenged intravenously by virulent organisms of Salmonella enteritidis, a slight inhibition of bacterial multiplication could be observed only in the blood, and the bacteria in the liver and spleen multiplied as rapidly as in controls. The antilethal effect of the passive immunization was recognized only against an intravenous challenge with a small dose (5×10-7 mg) of bacteria.When challenge infection was carried out through the subcutaneous (10-4 mg bacteria) or per oral (2-4 mg) routes, no inhibition of bacterial multiplication was noted at all either inregional lymph nodes or in liver and spleen of the immunized mice.The hitherto obtained deta concerning the effect of killed vaccines in experimental typhoid of mice, which was shown to be antilethal only when immunized mice were challenged intraperitoneally, have been discussed with the above-mentioned results.Since the marked clearance phenomenon by antibodies could be observed only in the peritoneal cavity, it seemed reasonable to assume that an antilethal effect was obtained when the clearance was so extensive that very few bacteria could escape from loco to organs. On the contrary, after challenge through various routes other than peritoneal cavity, bacteria, not receiving marked “clearance” effects at loco, easily multiplied in organs of the immunized mice.
{"title":"Studies on Immunity of Experimental Typhoid","authors":"Kazuhisa Saito, M. Nakano, F. Okitsu, D. Ushiba","doi":"10.3412/JSB.17.797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.17.797","url":null,"abstract":"When mice passively immunized with anti-O serum were challenged intravenously by virulent organisms of Salmonella enteritidis, a slight inhibition of bacterial multiplication could be observed only in the blood, and the bacteria in the liver and spleen multiplied as rapidly as in controls. The antilethal effect of the passive immunization was recognized only against an intravenous challenge with a small dose (5×10-7 mg) of bacteria.When challenge infection was carried out through the subcutaneous (10-4 mg bacteria) or per oral (2-4 mg) routes, no inhibition of bacterial multiplication was noted at all either inregional lymph nodes or in liver and spleen of the immunized mice.The hitherto obtained deta concerning the effect of killed vaccines in experimental typhoid of mice, which was shown to be antilethal only when immunized mice were challenged intraperitoneally, have been discussed with the above-mentioned results.Since the marked clearance phenomenon by antibodies could be observed only in the peritoneal cavity, it seemed reasonable to assume that an antilethal effect was obtained when the clearance was so extensive that very few bacteria could escape from loco to organs. On the contrary, after challenge through various routes other than peritoneal cavity, bacteria, not receiving marked “clearance” effects at loco, easily multiplied in organs of the immunized mice.","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"140 1","pages":"797-801"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86614616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to analyse the intradermal reaction between human leprosy bacilli and murine leprosy bacilli, human leproso bacilli and tubercle bacilli, murine leprosy bacilli and avian tubercle bacilli, experiment for passive transfer was performed, by using peritoneal cells with hypersensitivity to tuberculin type in guinea pigs.Results were obtained as follows:1. Peritoneal exudate cells from sensitized donor guinea pigs of human leprosy bacilli, murine leprosy bacilli, tubercle bacilli and avian tubercle bacilli were capable of transfer to normals recipients. The intradermal reaction of recipients were a similar specificity to that of donor.2. The specificity of human leprosy bacilli was different from that of murine leprosy bacilli.3. The human leprosy bacilli had a similar specificity to that of tubercle bacilli.4. The specificity of murine leprosy bacilli was essentially the same as that of avian tubercle bacilli.
{"title":"Antigen Analyse of Human Leprosy Bacilli and Murine Leprosy Bacilli for Intradermal Reaction","authors":"N. Asami, T. Kataoka, K. Miura","doi":"10.3412/JSB.17.811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.17.811","url":null,"abstract":"In order to analyse the intradermal reaction between human leprosy bacilli and murine leprosy bacilli, human leproso bacilli and tubercle bacilli, murine leprosy bacilli and avian tubercle bacilli, experiment for passive transfer was performed, by using peritoneal cells with hypersensitivity to tuberculin type in guinea pigs.Results were obtained as follows:1. Peritoneal exudate cells from sensitized donor guinea pigs of human leprosy bacilli, murine leprosy bacilli, tubercle bacilli and avian tubercle bacilli were capable of transfer to normals recipients. The intradermal reaction of recipients were a similar specificity to that of donor.2. The specificity of human leprosy bacilli was different from that of murine leprosy bacilli.3. The human leprosy bacilli had a similar specificity to that of tubercle bacilli.4. The specificity of murine leprosy bacilli was essentially the same as that of avian tubercle bacilli.","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"44 1","pages":"811-813"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87091149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Honda, K. Atsumi, M. Morimura, Sanjuro Tanaka, Masao Takahashi, Y. Kakinuma, H. Hashimoto, K. Harada, S. Mitsuhashi
Transmissible drug-resistance (R) factor was transduced in the system of SalmonellaE group with phage epsilon, and its transduction rate was 10-8.The transduction rate of R factor with epsilon phage that had existed as prophage in R+host cell and was induced by UV irradiation increased about 102 times than that of ordinary transduction.The R factor carrying TC resistance marker was consistently segregated by transduction with epsilon phage.The R+transductant was not lysogeniged by transducing epsilon phage, indicating non-lysogenic conversion and non-immunity toward the transducing epsilon phage.The R factor of transductant was non-transmissible by conjugation and not eliminated by acriflavine treatment. But the R factor of transductant was transduced again by epsilon phage that had existed as prophage in R+transductant or that was newly infected to R+transductant.The R factor of R+transductant of S. chittagongwas transmissible by conjugation at 106times lower frequency than that of R factor that was transferred by conjugation, and was eliminated by acriflavine treatment in low frequency.In transduction of R factor R+ transductant with the same epsilon phage that had transduced high frequency transductant (HFT) was obtained and its transduction rate was 10-2.The transmission of R factor to R+transductant was higher than that to R-or R+cell to which R factor was transmitted by conjugation.
{"title":"DRUG-RESISTANCE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA","authors":"T. Honda, K. Atsumi, M. Morimura, Sanjuro Tanaka, Masao Takahashi, Y. Kakinuma, H. Hashimoto, K. Harada, S. Mitsuhashi","doi":"10.3412/JSB.16.1015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.16.1015","url":null,"abstract":"Transmissible drug-resistance (R) factor was transduced in the system of SalmonellaE group with phage epsilon, and its transduction rate was 10-8.The transduction rate of R factor with epsilon phage that had existed as prophage in R+host cell and was induced by UV irradiation increased about 102 times than that of ordinary transduction.The R factor carrying TC resistance marker was consistently segregated by transduction with epsilon phage.The R+transductant was not lysogeniged by transducing epsilon phage, indicating non-lysogenic conversion and non-immunity toward the transducing epsilon phage.The R factor of transductant was non-transmissible by conjugation and not eliminated by acriflavine treatment. But the R factor of transductant was transduced again by epsilon phage that had existed as prophage in R+transductant or that was newly infected to R+transductant.The R factor of R+transductant of S. chittagongwas transmissible by conjugation at 106times lower frequency than that of R factor that was transferred by conjugation, and was eliminated by acriflavine treatment in low frequency.In transduction of R factor R+ transductant with the same epsilon phage that had transduced high frequency transductant (HFT) was obtained and its transduction rate was 10-2.The transmission of R factor to R+transductant was higher than that to R-or R+cell to which R factor was transmitted by conjugation.","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"7 1","pages":"1015-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74033156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies on the Inhibitory Action of Some Plant Extracts on Bacterial Growth","authors":"D. Mano","doi":"10.3412/JSB.17.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.17.417","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"3 1","pages":"417-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74446508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies on pertussal toxin","authors":"Y. Amano","doi":"10.3412/JSB.16.1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.16.1022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"68 1","pages":"1022-1030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86039564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Studies on methods for the phage-sensitivity test of acid-fast bacteria. (1). Methods with saprophytic acid-fast bacteria].","authors":"T. Tokunaga, M. Seki, T. Murohashi","doi":"10.3412/JSB.16.898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.16.898","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"58 1","pages":"898-903"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73860848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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