Pub Date : 1993-10-31DOI: 10.1248/JHS1956.39.5_395
Masatoshi Yamamoto, K. Sugiyama, M. Yokota, Y. Maeda, K. Nakagomi, H. Nakazawa
The inhibitory effects of water extracts of five genera of aloe (Aloe arborescens MILLER, A. ferox M., A. barbadensis M., A. africana M., A. saponaria HAWAII) and aloe powder of Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP Aloe powder) on histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by antigen and compound 48/80 were investigated in vitro. All the aloe extracts tested inhibited histamine release from mast cells induced by antigen and compound 48/80 in a concentration-dependent manner. The extract of A. ferox M. and JP Aloe powder paticularly strongly inhibited release by either antigen or compound 48/80 at medium inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.16 and 0.07 mg/ml, respectively, for antigen and of 0.41 and 0.29 mg/ml for compound 48/80. These results suggest that aloes may be useful in the treatment of type I immediate allergic disorders. Barbaloin, a major constituent of aloes, also exhibited concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on histamine release induced by these two substances, with IC50 being 0.02 and 0.06 mg/ml, respectively. From its yield and inhibitory effects, barbaloin is considered to account for the inhibitory action of the water extracts of A. arborescens M., A. africana M. and JP Aloe powder. Although tranilast, a current antiallergic agent, strongly inhibited antigeninduced histamine release (IC50=0.07 mg/ml), it showed a weak inhibitory effect on compound 48/80-induced histamine release (IC50=0.84 mg/ml). These results suggest that the mechanism of inhibitory action of barbaloin on histamine release differs from that of tranilast.
{"title":"Inhibitory effects of aloe extracts on antigen- and compound 48/80-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells","authors":"Masatoshi Yamamoto, K. Sugiyama, M. Yokota, Y. Maeda, K. Nakagomi, H. Nakazawa","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.39.5_395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.39.5_395","url":null,"abstract":"The inhibitory effects of water extracts of five genera of aloe (Aloe arborescens MILLER, A. ferox M., A. barbadensis M., A. africana M., A. saponaria HAWAII) and aloe powder of Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP Aloe powder) on histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by antigen and compound 48/80 were investigated in vitro. All the aloe extracts tested inhibited histamine release from mast cells induced by antigen and compound 48/80 in a concentration-dependent manner. The extract of A. ferox M. and JP Aloe powder paticularly strongly inhibited release by either antigen or compound 48/80 at medium inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.16 and 0.07 mg/ml, respectively, for antigen and of 0.41 and 0.29 mg/ml for compound 48/80. These results suggest that aloes may be useful in the treatment of type I immediate allergic disorders. Barbaloin, a major constituent of aloes, also exhibited concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on histamine release induced by these two substances, with IC50 being 0.02 and 0.06 mg/ml, respectively. From its yield and inhibitory effects, barbaloin is considered to account for the inhibitory action of the water extracts of A. arborescens M., A. africana M. and JP Aloe powder. Although tranilast, a current antiallergic agent, strongly inhibited antigeninduced histamine release (IC50=0.07 mg/ml), it showed a weak inhibitory effect on compound 48/80-induced histamine release (IC50=0.84 mg/ml). These results suggest that the mechanism of inhibitory action of barbaloin on histamine release differs from that of tranilast.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"57 1","pages":"395-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83416753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-08-31DOI: 10.1248/JHS1956.39.4_336
F. Miyamoto, M. Saeki, T. Yoshizawa
A sensitive qualitative color test for residual hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in foods treated with H2O2 was investigated. Color tests using peroxidase and 11 kinds of chromogenic reagent and peroxide test strip were compared and evaluated for coloration of color reagents blank and detection sensitivity of H2O2 in the standard solution and in 3 kinds of food. The color test using N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-m-toluidine (TOOS)-4-aminoantipyrin (4AA) was most suitable for the qualitative test. A qualitative color test using TOOS-4AA is as follows : 5 ml of a color reagent containing peroxidase, TOOS-4AA and potassium bromate was added to 5 g of the minced sample, and this mixture I was stood for 5 min with occasional shaking. On the other hand, 0.5 ml of the catalase solution and 3.5 ml of the chromogenic solution containing TOOS-4AA were added to 5 g of the same minced sample, and this mixture II is stood for 5 min with occasional shaking. After standing, 0.5 ml of the peroxidase solution and 0.5 ml of the potassium bromate solution were added to the mixture II, and shaken for 10 s. The mixtures I and II were filtered through absorbent cotton. The presence of H2O2 in the sample was judged from the difference between colorations in the both filtrates. Hydrogen peroxide in 13 kinds of food was all negative by the qualitative color test using TOOS-4AA, and detection sensitivity for added H2O2 in those foods was 0.1 or 0.2 μg/g. These results suggested that the qualitative color test using TOOS-4AA could detect a trace amount of residual H2O2 in 13 kinds of food.
{"title":"A Sensitive Qualitative Color Test for Residual Hydrogen Peroxide in Foods.","authors":"F. Miyamoto, M. Saeki, T. Yoshizawa","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.39.4_336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.39.4_336","url":null,"abstract":"A sensitive qualitative color test for residual hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in foods treated with H2O2 was investigated. Color tests using peroxidase and 11 kinds of chromogenic reagent and peroxide test strip were compared and evaluated for coloration of color reagents blank and detection sensitivity of H2O2 in the standard solution and in 3 kinds of food. The color test using N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-m-toluidine (TOOS)-4-aminoantipyrin (4AA) was most suitable for the qualitative test. A qualitative color test using TOOS-4AA is as follows : 5 ml of a color reagent containing peroxidase, TOOS-4AA and potassium bromate was added to 5 g of the minced sample, and this mixture I was stood for 5 min with occasional shaking. On the other hand, 0.5 ml of the catalase solution and 3.5 ml of the chromogenic solution containing TOOS-4AA were added to 5 g of the same minced sample, and this mixture II is stood for 5 min with occasional shaking. After standing, 0.5 ml of the peroxidase solution and 0.5 ml of the potassium bromate solution were added to the mixture II, and shaken for 10 s. The mixtures I and II were filtered through absorbent cotton. The presence of H2O2 in the sample was judged from the difference between colorations in the both filtrates. Hydrogen peroxide in 13 kinds of food was all negative by the qualitative color test using TOOS-4AA, and detection sensitivity for added H2O2 in those foods was 0.1 or 0.2 μg/g. These results suggested that the qualitative color test using TOOS-4AA could detect a trace amount of residual H2O2 in 13 kinds of food.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"6 1","pages":"336-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87819347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-06-30DOI: 10.1248/JHS1956.39.3_202
M. Tachikawa, M. Tezuka, R. Sawamura
{"title":"Chlorination of Monochlorodimedone with Chloramines. I. Kinetics of the Chlorination.","authors":"M. Tachikawa, M. Tezuka, R. Sawamura","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.39.3_202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.39.3_202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"46 1","pages":"202-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73213124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-04-30DOI: 10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_114
H. Oshima, S. Yamada, I. Saito, J. Hayakawa
{"title":"A Simple and Rapid Method for Determination of Heme and Non-heme Irons in Food","authors":"H. Oshima, S. Yamada, I. Saito, J. Hayakawa","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"1 1","pages":"114-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91109017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lytic characteristics of the blue-green alga, Microcystis aeruginosa by Pseudomonas sp., a strain isolated from the biofilm in a biological treatment facility, were examined in a batch culture experiment. The viable cells of M. aeruginosa were perfectly lysed by the agent for 5 d at 30°C in the dark. Optimum conditions for the lysis of M. aeruginosa were 35°C and pH 7.0. Several important parameters for the estimation of eutrophicated waters, chlorophyll a, turbidity and COD originating from M. aeruginosa were effectively reduced and their removal were 70%, 84% and 41%, respectively, under the condition of 5 d cultivation at 30°C. It was found that M. aeruginosa was efficiently lysed by the agent during a short time.
{"title":"Lytic Characteristics of Blue-Green Alga, Microcystis Aeruginosa by Pseudomonas sp.","authors":"N. Sugiura, N. Oyamada, A. Kurosawa, Tadao Saito","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_94","url":null,"abstract":"Lytic characteristics of the blue-green alga, Microcystis aeruginosa by Pseudomonas sp., a strain isolated from the biofilm in a biological treatment facility, were examined in a batch culture experiment. The viable cells of M. aeruginosa were perfectly lysed by the agent for 5 d at 30°C in the dark. Optimum conditions for the lysis of M. aeruginosa were 35°C and pH 7.0. Several important parameters for the estimation of eutrophicated waters, chlorophyll a, turbidity and COD originating from M. aeruginosa were effectively reduced and their removal were 70%, 84% and 41%, respectively, under the condition of 5 d cultivation at 30°C. It was found that M. aeruginosa was efficiently lysed by the agent during a short time.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"17 1","pages":"94-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82567445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-04-30DOI: 10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_100
J. Sajiki, T. Yamanaka, Haruo Takahashi, Y. Tsuruoka, K. Mori, Katsuhiro Takahashi, A. Hayashi
A study on the possibility of diarrhea induced by EPA and autoxidized EPA (EPA-Ox ; 61.6% decomposition) was conducted using several assays on rabbits and suckling mice. The result of loop test of both EPA and EPA-Ox in rabbit intestine showed positive diarrheal effect at the dose of more than 12.5 mg per loop though the degree of effect depended on the rabbit used (no sign was observed in 2 out of 6 rabbits). Effect of EPA-Ox was more intense than EPA. In an oral test with suckling mice, however, neither of the acids showed a diarrheal effect at a dose of up to 5 mg/mouse. When a very small amount (1.0μg) of okadaic acid (OA) was given, positive toxicity identified as a typical diarrheal substance derived from phytoplanktons. Significant positive correlation (γ=0.984, p<0.01) was obtained between fluid accumulation ratio (FAR) calculated from the result of the loop test in rabbits and percent of dead mice both animals which are usually viewed as a parameter of diarrhea. A large amount of PUFA such as EPA and its oxides is also considered a potential diarrhea inducer, in addition to substances derived from planktons well known for their diarrheal toxin like OA.
{"title":"Possibility of Diarrheal Effect by Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Autoxidized EPA","authors":"J. Sajiki, T. Yamanaka, Haruo Takahashi, Y. Tsuruoka, K. Mori, Katsuhiro Takahashi, A. Hayashi","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_100","url":null,"abstract":"A study on the possibility of diarrhea induced by EPA and autoxidized EPA (EPA-Ox ; 61.6% decomposition) was conducted using several assays on rabbits and suckling mice. The result of loop test of both EPA and EPA-Ox in rabbit intestine showed positive diarrheal effect at the dose of more than 12.5 mg per loop though the degree of effect depended on the rabbit used (no sign was observed in 2 out of 6 rabbits). Effect of EPA-Ox was more intense than EPA. In an oral test with suckling mice, however, neither of the acids showed a diarrheal effect at a dose of up to 5 mg/mouse. When a very small amount (1.0μg) of okadaic acid (OA) was given, positive toxicity identified as a typical diarrheal substance derived from phytoplanktons. Significant positive correlation (γ=0.984, p<0.01) was obtained between fluid accumulation ratio (FAR) calculated from the result of the loop test in rabbits and percent of dead mice both animals which are usually viewed as a parameter of diarrhea. A large amount of PUFA such as EPA and its oxides is also considered a potential diarrhea inducer, in addition to substances derived from planktons well known for their diarrheal toxin like OA.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"25 1","pages":"100-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87959716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-04-30DOI: 10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_P64
N. Tanaka, K. Yamakage, M. Oshimura, J. Barrett
{"title":"Possibility of DHFR Gene Amplification by Arsenic","authors":"N. Tanaka, K. Yamakage, M. Oshimura, J. Barrett","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_P64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_P64","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84921782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-04-30DOI: 10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_P37
M. Nakano
{"title":"Determination of Active Oxygen Species in Biological Systems and its Problem","authors":"M. Nakano","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_P37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_P37","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83542048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-04-30DOI: 10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_148
T. Pan, Kuoching Huang, Te-Wei Lin, Chinwang Huang
Blackfoot disease (BFD) is a peripheral vascular disease resulting in gangrene of the lower extremities. In the present work, the objective was to examine the amount of arsenic and mercury in urine of BFD patients. The urine specimens were acidified with nitric acid and digested in a microwave oven. A solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge was used for sample purification and preconcentration. The analytical technique for the determination of arsenic was by hydride atomic absorption spectrophotometry (HAAS) and for mercury by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CVAAS). The sensitivity and accuracy of the analytical techniques were checked with Lanornorm control urine. Arsenic and mercury concentrations in the urine of normal controls and BFD patients were found to be 11.3±4.7 μg/1 and 33.6±23.1 μg/1 for As ; 5.0±1.8 μg/1 and 11.6±5.9 μg/1 for Hg, respectively. The life background of the BFD patients is also briefly mentioned.
{"title":"Determination of Arsenic and Mercury Concentrations in Urine of Patients with Blackfoot Disease","authors":"T. Pan, Kuoching Huang, Te-Wei Lin, Chinwang Huang","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.39.2_148","url":null,"abstract":"Blackfoot disease (BFD) is a peripheral vascular disease resulting in gangrene of the lower extremities. In the present work, the objective was to examine the amount of arsenic and mercury in urine of BFD patients. The urine specimens were acidified with nitric acid and digested in a microwave oven. A solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge was used for sample purification and preconcentration. The analytical technique for the determination of arsenic was by hydride atomic absorption spectrophotometry (HAAS) and for mercury by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CVAAS). The sensitivity and accuracy of the analytical techniques were checked with Lanornorm control urine. Arsenic and mercury concentrations in the urine of normal controls and BFD patients were found to be 11.3±4.7 μg/1 and 33.6±23.1 μg/1 for As ; 5.0±1.8 μg/1 and 11.6±5.9 μg/1 for Hg, respectively. The life background of the BFD patients is also briefly mentioned.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"23 1","pages":"148-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74786508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Fukuhara, M. Takei, H. Kageyama, M. Kusuma, N. Miyata
{"title":"Reduction Property and Mutagenicity of Newly Synthesized Nitroarenes as Environmental Mutagens (Proceedings of the 18th Symposium on Toxicology, and Environmental Health)","authors":"K. Fukuhara, M. Takei, H. Kageyama, M. Kusuma, N. Miyata","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.39.P3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.39.P3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77534354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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