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Influence of Frost Damage on Performance of Engineered Cementitious Composites 冻害对工程胶凝复合材料性能的影响
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.3151/jact.21.971
Lanqin Wang, Xiaofeng Han, Li Tian, Penggang Wang, Xiaoguang Sun

Although engineered cementitious composites (ECC) exhibit tensile strain hardening and multiple microcracking characteristics, whether the performance of ECC changes obviously under freezing-thawing conditions is important for the design and maintenance of buildings in the areas with freeze-thaw exposure. Results indicates that, as the number of freeze-thawing cycles increase, the PVA fiber/matrix interfacial bonding strength decreases, more fibers can be pulled out, thereby resulting in an increasing deformation on ECC. The results of water capillary absorption, chloride penetration and carbonation on ECC reveal that the frost damage has little effect on ECC. In addition, the steel bar-normal concrete interfacial ultimate bonding strength decreases linearly with the increase in the number of freeze-thawing cycles, the specimen splits failure. However, for the ECC, the steel bar-ECC interfacial ultimate bonding strength decreases with the increase in the number of freeze-thawing cycles, the pull-out failure occurs.

尽管工程胶凝复合材料(ECC)表现出拉伸应变硬化和多重微裂缝的特征,但在冻融条件下,ECC的性能是否发生明显变化,对冻融暴露地区建筑的设计和维护具有重要意义。结果表明,随着冻融循环次数的增加,PVA纤维/基体界面结合强度降低,更多的纤维被拉出,从而导致ECC上的变形增大。水毛细吸收、氯离子渗透和碳化作用结果表明,冻害对ECC影响不大。此外,随着冻融循环次数的增加,钢筋-普通混凝土界面的极限粘结强度呈线性降低,试件发生劈裂破坏。然而,对于ECC,随着冻融循环次数的增加,钢筋-ECC界面的极限结合强度降低,出现拉出破坏。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Corrosion Conditions on Prestressing Force and Residual Tensile Capacity of Corroded Prestressed Concrete Steel Strands 腐蚀条件对腐蚀预应力混凝土钢绞线预应力力和残余抗拉能力的影响
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.3151/jact.21.956
Jingyuan Li, Tomohiro Miki, Qiuning Yang, Mingjie Mao

This paper investigates the mechanism of the corrosion pattern of wires on the prestressing forces of prestressed concrete (PC) strands. A rigid frame testing machine combined with an electrically accelerated corrosion device was used to test 16 steel strands. Specimens subjected to the tensile load of 50% of the tensile strength were divided into three groups according to the target corrosion level (mass loss). The rigid frame testing machine can remain the prestressing force, and the force and deformation were measured continuously during the corrosion test. The prestress was degraded in two stages; the beginning and development of the second stage being related to the maximum cross-sectional area loss and fracture type of the wires, respectively. The prestress loss of the strands was the result of the internal force balance after the deterioration of the tensile properties. It was found that the deterioration process of the ultimate tensile capacity related to the fracture type of the wire. The fracture type of PC strand was influenced by the shape and the distribution of the cross-sectional area loss of corroded wires.

本文研究了预应力混凝土(PC)钢索的腐蚀模式对预应力力的影响机理。采用刚性框架试验机结合电加速腐蚀装置对16根钢绞线进行了试验。在抗拉强度为50%的拉伸载荷下,根据目标腐蚀程度(质量损失)将试样分为三组。刚性框架试验机可以保留预应力,并在腐蚀试验过程中连续测量受力和变形。预应力降解分为两个阶段;第二阶段的开始和发展分别与导线的最大截面积损失和断裂类型有关。预应力损失是拉伸性能恶化后的内力平衡的结果。结果表明,焊丝极限抗拉能力的恶化过程与断口类型有关。腐蚀线材的形状和截面积损失的分布对PC线材的断裂类型有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Calcination on the Cementitious Activity and Pozzolanic Reactivity of Bayer Red Mud from Different Sources 煅烧对不同来源拜耳赤泥胶凝活性和火山灰反应性的影响
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.3151/jact.21.941
Shaoliang Chen, Abdul Ghani Razaqpur, Tuanjie Wang

Red mud (RM) is a hazardous waste generated by aluminum production. It is difficult to utilize due to its high aluminum and iron oxide contents, high alkalinity, and large specific surface. Still, extensive research is underway to explore its potential as partial replacement for cement in concrete. Due to the differences in the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of bauxites from different sources, the associated RMs are also different. Some studies have reported that unless calcined, RM produced by the Bayer process has negligible pozzolanicity. However, the appropriate calcination temperature is not unique as it will depend on the RM mineralogical composition. Here, the calcination mineralogical composition nexus and its effect on RM pozzolanicity are investigated in three types of RM produced by Bayer’s process. The RMs were calcined at 600, 800, and 1000°C for 2 hours, and were used as 15 wt.% replacement for Portland cement in mortar mixes. One of the RMs exhibited pozzolanicity without calcination while another showed increased reactivity after calcination at 800°C. The underlying mechanisms are discussed, and it is concluded that no specific calcination temperature(s) can be recommended to activate every RM. Contrary to the findings of previous studies, one of the investigated RMs, used in its virgin form at 15 wt.% replacement for cement, exhibited noticeable pozzolanic activity and achieved over 94% of the compressive strength of the control specimen at 91 days. The calcination of the same RM, irrespective of the calcination temperature, reduced its pozzolanicity.

赤泥是铝生产过程中产生的有害废弃物。铝铁氧化物含量高,碱度高,比表面积大,难以利用。尽管如此,广泛的研究仍在进行中,以探索其在混凝土中部分替代水泥的潜力。由于不同来源铝土矿的物理、化学和矿物学特征不同,相关的均方根值也不同。一些研究报道,除非经过煅烧,由拜耳法生产的RM具有可忽略不计的火山灰性。然而,适当的煅烧温度并不是唯一的,因为它将取决于RM的矿物组成。本文以拜耳法生产的三种类型的原石为研究对象,研究了煅烧矿物组成关系及其对原石火山灰性的影响。RMs分别在600、800和1000℃下煅烧2小时,并在砂浆混合物中作为15%的硅酸盐水泥替代品使用。其中一种RMs在未煅烧的情况下表现出火山灰性,而另一种RMs在800℃煅烧后表现出增强的反应性。讨论了潜在的机制,并得出结论,没有特定的煅烧温度(s)可以推荐激活每个RM。与之前的研究结果相反,其中一种被调查的RMs,以15 wt.%替代水泥的原始形式使用,表现出明显的火山灰活性,并在91天内达到对照试样的94%以上的抗压强度。同一原料的煅烧,无论煅烧温度如何,都降低了其火山灰度。
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引用次数: 0
Verification Method of Direct Air Capture by Cementitious Material Using Carbon Isotopes 用碳同位素验证胶凝材料直接捕集空气的方法
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.3151/jact.21.934
Zhenzhen Wang, Abudushalamu Aili, Masayo Minami, Ippei Maruyama

Capturing atmospheric CO2 into cement-based materials is a way to set off the CO2 emissions of concrete production. This study proposes an experimental method to track the origin of cement paste that fixes CO2 directly from the air under natural conditions. By exposing powders of well-hydrated cement paste to air, carbonated cement paste powders are obtained with different carbonation degrees. The inorganic carbon of these carbonated samples is extracted by dissolution in phosphoric acid, and the isotopic characteristics related to 13C and 14C are measured. The experimental results show that the 14C value of carbonated cement paste can be used as an indicator for tracing the origin of carbon.

将大气中的二氧化碳捕获到水泥基材料中是一种抵消混凝土生产过程中二氧化碳排放的方法。本研究提出了一种在自然条件下直接从空气中固定CO2的水泥膏体溯源的实验方法。将水化良好的水泥浆体粉末暴露在空气中,得到了不同碳化程度的水泥浆体粉。用磷酸溶解法提取碳酸化样品中的无机碳,测定其13C和14C的同位素特征。实验结果表明,碳化水泥浆体的14C值可作为碳源溯源的指标。
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引用次数: 0
Study of Mechanical Properties of Silicate Minerals by Molecular Dynamics Simulation 硅酸盐矿物力学性质的分子动力学模拟研究
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.3151/jact.21.920
Takayoshi Fujimura, Yuji Hakozaki, Shunsuke Sakuragi, Yuu Nakajima, Kenta Murakami, Kiyoteru Suzuki, Ippei Maruyama, Takahiro Ohkubo

The aging and damage of concrete buildings and structures is a problem in modern society. This is especially true for nuclear power plant buildings, which are required to have high safety standards. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to obtain mechanical properties for silicate minerals, including quartz, which is used as an aggregate in concrete. We also attempted to clarify phenomena including mechanical fracture. Mechanical properties of each mineral (Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and maximum stress) were obtained by performing tensile simulations on 10 silicate minerals which are α-quartz, Orthoclase, Microcline, Albite, Oligoclase, Andesine, Labradorite, Augite, Diopside and Forsterite. Minerals other than α-quartz were highly anisotropic with respect to Young's modulus. The maximum stress was highest for α-quartz, but once a fracture started, the development of large fractures progressed at once and the stress relaxed rapidly. Deformation and fracture of the mineral in response to strain were analyzed by extracting the non-affine component of the local displacement of atoms in tensile simulations. This analysis was able to explain the behavior of the stress-strain curve for each mineral. We also investigated how the composition of a mineral affects its mechanical fracture.

混凝土建筑物和构筑物的老化和损坏是现代社会的一个问题。对于要求具有高安全标准的核电站建筑来说尤其如此。在这项研究中,进行了分子动力学模拟,以获得硅酸盐矿物的力学性能,包括用作混凝土骨料的石英。我们还试图澄清包括机械断裂在内的现象。通过对α-石英、正长石、微斜长石、钠长石、寡长石、安山石、拉布拉多石、奥辉石、透辉石和橄榄石等10种硅酸盐矿物进行拉伸模拟,得到了各矿物的力学性质(杨氏模量、泊松比和最大应力)。除α-石英外,其它矿物的杨氏模量各向异性较强。α-石英的最大应力最大,但一旦裂缝开始,大裂缝立即发育,应力迅速松弛。通过提取拉伸模拟中原子局部位移的非仿射分量,分析了矿物在应变作用下的变形和断裂。这种分析能够解释每种矿物的应力-应变曲线的行为。我们还研究了矿物成分如何影响其机械断裂。
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引用次数: 0
Discrete Element Modelling of Powder-compacted C-S-H Matrix 粉末压实C-S-H矩阵的离散元建模
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.3151/jact.21.889
Zhe Zhang, Guoqing Geng

The usage of supplementary cementitious materials often alters the chemical composition of the main binding phase in modern concrete, i.e., C-S-H. The consequent influence on the mechanical properties is not completely clear, due to the lack of study on the inter-particle interaction of C-S-H. Recent papers published by the authors have provided experimental evidence, and in this work, a subsequent numerical study based on discrete element method (DEM) is provided. Models of compacted C-S-H were established with various surface interaction parameters between particles, e.g., surface energy and friction coefficient, and subjected to simulated triaxial load. The results revealed that increased surface energy and friction coefficient enhance the stiffness of C-S-H and densifies its microstructure. The work may inspire methods to design stronger cementitious composite materials.

补充胶凝材料的使用经常改变现代混凝土中主要结合相的化学成分,即C-S-H。由于缺乏对C-S-H粒子间相互作用的研究,其对力学性能的影响尚不完全清楚。作者最近发表的论文提供了实验证据,并在本工作中提供了基于离散元法(DEM)的后续数值研究。建立了具有不同颗粒间表面相互作用参数(如表面能和摩擦系数)的压实C-S-H模型,并对其进行模拟三轴载荷。结果表明,表面能和摩擦系数的增加提高了C-S-H的刚度,使其组织致密化。该研究对设计更强的胶凝复合材料具有启发意义。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Reinforcing Rebar on Expansion due to Delayed Ettringite Formation along the Bonding Length – Part II: Bond Performance of Reinforced Concrete Affected by DEF Expansion 延后钙矾石沿粘结长度形成对钢筋膨胀的影响——第二部分:DEF膨胀对钢筋混凝土粘结性能的影响
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.3151/jact.21.869
Taito Miura, Misato Fujishima, Yuichiro Kawabata, Stéphane Multon, Renaud-Pierre Martin, Naoshi Ueda, Yuya Takahashi, Shingo Asamoto, Jean-Francois Seignol

The purpose of this study is to clarify the bond behavior between rebar and concrete during DEF expansion and pullout testing. The details of the expansion test and the influence of reinforcing bar on DEF expansion have been precisely described in Part I. In Part II, the data related to the bond test is described. The change in bond behavior due to DEF expansion is investigated via the one-end pullout test and the influence of DEF expansion on the bond behavior is discussed. The local bond behavior (slip and bond stress) during the pullout test of the specimens without stirrups is observed to be dramatically changed by DEF expansion. Regarding the specimens with stirrups, failure did not occur during the pullout test and the local bond behavior slightly changed as in the case without stirrups. From the experimental results, a conceptual diagram is proposed to explain the bond behavior during DEF expansion and the pullout test based on the general conceptual understanding of the bond. It can be considered that the direction of local slip and local bond stress during the pullout test is opposite to that during the expansion process. This results in the observed complex local bond behavior during DEF expansion and the pullout test and the effect of stirrups on DEF expansion.

本研究的目的是澄清钢筋与混凝土在DEF膨胀和拉拔试验中的粘结行为。膨胀试验的细节和钢筋对DEF膨胀的影响已经在第一部分中进行了详细的描述。在第二部分中,描述了粘结试验的相关数据。通过一端拉拔试验研究了DEF膨胀对键行为的影响,并讨论了DEF膨胀对键行为的影响。无马镫试件拉拔过程中的局部粘结行为(滑移和粘结应力)因DEF膨胀而发生显著变化。对于有马镫的试件,在拉拔试验中没有发生破坏,局部粘结行为与没有马镫的情况略有变化。根据实验结果,在对键的一般概念理解的基础上,提出了一个概念图来解释DEF展开和拔出试验过程中的键行为。可以认为拉拔试验时的局部滑移和局部粘结应力方向与膨胀过程相反。这导致在DEF膨胀和拉拔试验中观察到复杂的局部键行为,以及马镫对DEF膨胀的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental and Analytical Performance of Recycled Aggregates Produced by Customized Chemical-Mechanical Treatment 定制化学-机械处理再生骨料的实验与分析性能
4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.3151/jact.21.903
Babu Lal Chauhan, Gyani Jail Singh
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the experimental and analytical performance of untreated recycled aggregates (URA), chemically treated recycled aggregates (ARA), and customized chemical-mechanically processed recycled aggregates (AmRA). The compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, fracture energy, and modulus of elasticity of concrete consisting of AmRA (AmRC) are greater than those composed by URA (URC) by 33.88%, 5.87%, 55.07%, 28.84%, and 50.80%, and those of ARA (ARC) by 10.89%, 21.41%, 29.44%, 55.33%, and 34.48%, respectively. AmRC has abrasion resistance around 52.03% and 43.07% higher than URC and ARC. Chemical treatment reduces porosity and microcracks in mortar adhered to aggregate. As a result of the customized mechanical treatment, the surface characteristics are highly uniform and dense. The high-quality surface texture, reduced porosity, and microcracks in the mortar adhering to the AmRA significantly strengthen interfacial transitions zones. Thus, AmRC achieves physical, mechanical, and durability properties close to or superior to natural aggregate (NA) concrete (NAC). Moreover, there is a strong correlation between compressive strength and split tensile strength, flexural strength, fracture energy, and modulus of elasticity of AmRC with URC and ARC. The most interesting observation of the present research is the equivalency in sorptivity of AmRC and NAC. The present study uses the URA produced by crushing concrete cubes in the laboratory.
本研究的目的是评估未经处理的再生骨料(URA)、化学处理的再生骨料(ARA)和定制化学机械处理的再生骨料(AmRA)的实验和分析性能。AmRA (AmRC)组成的混凝土抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗弯强度、断裂能和弹性模量分别比URA (URC)组成的混凝土高33.88%、5.87%、55.07%、28.84%和50.80%,比ARA (ARC)组成的混凝土高10.89%、21.41%、29.44%、55.33%和34.48%。AmRC的耐磨性分别比URC和ARC高52.03%和43.07%。化学处理降低了粘结在骨料上的砂浆的孔隙率和微裂缝。由于定制的机械处理,表面特征高度均匀和致密。高质量的表面纹理、降低的孔隙率和附着在AmRA上的砂浆中的微裂缝显著加强了界面过渡区。因此,AmRC实现了物理、机械和耐久性性能接近或优于天然骨料(NA)混凝土(NAC)。AmRC与URC、ARC的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗弯强度、断裂能、弹性模量之间存在较强的相关性。本研究中最有趣的观察结果是AmRC和NAC的吸附率相当。本研究使用在实验室中破碎混凝土立方体产生的URA。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Reinforcing Rebar on Expansion due to Delayed Ettringite Formation along the Bonding Length – Part I: The Role of Bond on Expansive Behavior of Concrete 钢筋沿黏结长度延迟形成钙矾石对膨胀的影响——第一部分:黏结对混凝土膨胀性能的作用
4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.3151/jact.21.851
Yuichiro Kawabata, Taito Miura, Misato Fujishima, Naoshi Ueda, Yuya Takahashi, Shingo Asamoto, Stéphane Multon, Renaud-Pierre Martin, Jean-Francois Seignol
This paper explores the effects of rebar as an internal restraint on the expansion of delayed ettringite formation (DEF) in concrete. Concrete specimens embedded with steel bars without end plates are subjected to heat treatment followed by immersion in water. The effect of stirrups on expansion is also investigated. The results show that the longitudinal expansion of specimens without stirrups differs depending on the longitudinal position, owing to the different degrees of restraint resulting from stress in the steel bar. The final transverse expansions of the specimens without stirrups are close to those measured for stress-free specimens. Conversely, longitudinal and transverse expansions are significantly reduced in the specimens with stirrups. This indicates that the combination of a longitudinal steel bar and stirrups induces three-dimensional confinement stresses that help to limit DEF expansion in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Furthermore, possible debonding along the longitudinal bar is observed in specimens without stirrups when the transverse expansion of the prismatic specimens is 0.4 to 0.6%. This behavior is not observed in the specimens with stirrups, which demonstrates the effectiveness of three-dimensional restraints in significantly mitigating the risk of debonding, as well as DEF expansion.
本文探讨了钢筋作为内约束对混凝土中延迟钙矾石形成(DEF)膨胀的影响。无端板钢筋埋设的混凝土试样经热处理后浸入水中。研究了马镫对膨胀的影响。结果表明:由于钢筋的应力约束程度不同,不加箍筋的试件纵向伸缩随纵向位置的不同而不同;没有马镫的试件的最终横向膨胀接近于无应力试件的测量值。相反,纵向和横向膨胀是显着减少了与马镫的标本。这表明纵向钢筋和马镫的组合产生三维约束应力,有助于限制DEF在纵向和横向上的膨胀。此外,当柱形试件的横向膨胀为0.4 ~ 0.6%时,不加箍箍的试件沿纵杆可能出现脱粘现象。在有马镫的试件中没有观察到这种行为,这表明三维约束在显著降低脱粘风险以及DEF扩展方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Incineration Bottom Ash as Aggregate for Controlled Low Strength Materials: Implications and Coping Strategies 焚烧底灰集料用于控制低强度材料:启示与应对策略
4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.3151/jact.21.837
Wei-Chien Wang, Jia-Chen Xue, Chia-Yun Huang, Hsiao-Chuan Chang
Most waste disposal methods in Taiwan involve incineration, the incineration bottom ash (IBA) which is accumulated over the years and needs urgent treatment. Hence, using IBA to create renewable materials is essential for the sustainable development. In this study, natural aggregates in the controlled low strength material (CLSM) were replaced with IBA. Its workability, setting time, unit weight, mechanical behavior, and environmental impact were examined. The study also looked at the characteristics of CLSM and suggested solutions for improvement. The results showed that the substitution of natural fine aggregates with IBA had the most significant impact on the engineering properties of CLSM. IBA significantly improves the workability and reduces the unit weight of CLSM, but the presence of CaSO4 had a detrimental effect on its setting time and mechanical behavior. However, treating IBA at 750℃ before use significantly improved the mechanical properties of IBA-CLSM and shortened its setting time, making it a potential permanent backfill structure. The toxicity test results showed that the IBA-CLSM produced had no threat to environmental safety. The study proved that using IBA produced in Taiwan to replace natural aggregates in CLSM was feasible and an effective way to utilize IBA.
台湾的垃圾处理方法大多涉及焚烧,焚烧底灰(IBA)是多年积累的,需要紧急处理。因此,利用IBA创造可再生材料对可持续发展至关重要。在本研究中,用IBA代替了控制低强度材料(CLSM)中的天然聚集体。考察了其可加工性、凝结时间、单位重量、力学性能和环境影响。该研究还研究了CLSM的特点,并提出了改进的解决方案。结果表明,用IBA替代天然细集料对CLSM的工程性能影响最为显著。IBA显著提高了CLSM的和易性,降低了CLSM的单位质量,但CaSO4的存在对CLSM的凝固时间和力学性能有不利影响。但在使用前750℃处理可显著改善IBA- clsm的力学性能,缩短其凝结时间,使其成为一种潜在的永久性回填结构。毒性试验结果表明,生产的IBA-CLSM对环境安全没有威胁。研究证明,利用台湾产的IBA替代CLSM中的天然团聚体是一种可行且有效的方法。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology
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