Pub Date : 2000-06-11DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861066
V. Rizzoli, D. Masotti, F. Mastri, C. Cecchetti
The paper introduces a new approach to the description of microwave devices by distributed models of complex topology. Each model is treated as a nonlinear subcircuit arbitrarily described on a nodal basis and interacting with the rest of the network through a number of external ports. A suitable formulation of the model equations allows harmonic-balance analysis to be carried out in a most efficient way by Krylov-subspace methods.
{"title":"Generalized distributed nonlinear device modeling for Krylov-subspace based microwave circuit analysis","authors":"V. Rizzoli, D. Masotti, F. Mastri, C. Cecchetti","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861066","url":null,"abstract":"The paper introduces a new approach to the description of microwave devices by distributed models of complex topology. Each model is treated as a nonlinear subcircuit arbitrarily described on a nodal basis and interacting with the rest of the network through a number of external ports. A suitable formulation of the model equations allows harmonic-balance analysis to be carried out in a most efficient way by Krylov-subspace methods.","PeriodicalId":149404,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.00CH37017)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126908120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-11DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861133
J. Mazotta, L.Y. Chen, J. Chiao
Beam forming, including focusing, power splitting and steering, has been demonstrated using a two-dimensional reconfigurable aperture to alter the transmission of propagating waves. The array consists of 5/spl times/5 unit blocks and each unit block contains 6/spl times/6 unit cells. Multiple beams, power splitting, beam steering angles of /spl plusmn/30/spl deg/, focusing to 3-dB beamwidths of 10/spl deg/, and defocusing to divergence angles of /spl plusmn/20/spl deg/ are demonstrated. Optimization of beamwidth and focal length with varying array configuration for the focusing architecture shows a focal length of 12.7/spl lambda/ and a minimum beamwidth of 10/spl deg/ at 5 GHz.
{"title":"Reconfigurable transmission-type beamformer","authors":"J. Mazotta, L.Y. Chen, J. Chiao","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861133","url":null,"abstract":"Beam forming, including focusing, power splitting and steering, has been demonstrated using a two-dimensional reconfigurable aperture to alter the transmission of propagating waves. The array consists of 5/spl times/5 unit blocks and each unit block contains 6/spl times/6 unit cells. Multiple beams, power splitting, beam steering angles of /spl plusmn/30/spl deg/, focusing to 3-dB beamwidths of 10/spl deg/, and defocusing to divergence angles of /spl plusmn/20/spl deg/ are demonstrated. Optimization of beamwidth and focal length with varying array configuration for the focusing architecture shows a focal length of 12.7/spl lambda/ and a minimum beamwidth of 10/spl deg/ at 5 GHz.","PeriodicalId":149404,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.00CH37017)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123813263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-11DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2000.860962
I. Barba, J. Represa, M. Fujii, W. Hoefer
A first approach to a Haar-wavelet based multi-resolution formulation of the TLM method is proposed. The technique exploits the equivalence between TLM and FDTD methods, taking advantage of previous work based on the latter (MRTD). To validate it, we have computed the cutoff frequencies in a rectangular waveguide. Results have been compared with data obtained by the traditional 2D-TLM method, and with the analytical values.
{"title":"Multi-resolution 2D-TLM technique using Haar wavelets","authors":"I. Barba, J. Represa, M. Fujii, W. Hoefer","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2000.860962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2000.860962","url":null,"abstract":"A first approach to a Haar-wavelet based multi-resolution formulation of the TLM method is proposed. The technique exploits the equivalence between TLM and FDTD methods, taking advantage of previous work based on the latter (MRTD). To validate it, we have computed the cutoff frequencies in a rectangular waveguide. Results have been compared with data obtained by the traditional 2D-TLM method, and with the analytical values.","PeriodicalId":149404,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.00CH37017)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123347301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-11DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861058
C.P. Silva, C. J. Clark, A. Moulthrop, M. Muha
This paper presents an optimal-filter method for application to the equalization and modeling of nonlinear power amplifiers. The method uses auto-spectral and cross-spectral densities of measured amplifier input/output time-domain waveforms. An optimal filter response is calculated which best approximates a given nonlinearity as quantified by a new and useful linear coherence function metric. This response can in turn be used to determine optimal equalizer responses. It is also shown that by adding an optimal filter to the output of the standard two-box amplifier nonlinear model, waveform accuracy can be improved by 3.5 dB. The approach is applied to a 20-GHz traveling-wave tube amplifier using 9.6 Gbps 16-APK input signals.
{"title":"Optimal-filter approach for nonlinear power amplifier modeling and equalization","authors":"C.P. Silva, C. J. Clark, A. Moulthrop, M. Muha","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861058","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an optimal-filter method for application to the equalization and modeling of nonlinear power amplifiers. The method uses auto-spectral and cross-spectral densities of measured amplifier input/output time-domain waveforms. An optimal filter response is calculated which best approximates a given nonlinearity as quantified by a new and useful linear coherence function metric. This response can in turn be used to determine optimal equalizer responses. It is also shown that by adding an optimal filter to the output of the standard two-box amplifier nonlinear model, waveform accuracy can be improved by 3.5 dB. The approach is applied to a 20-GHz traveling-wave tube amplifier using 9.6 Gbps 16-APK input signals.","PeriodicalId":149404,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.00CH37017)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123394618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-11DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2000.862245
Tao Shen, K. Zaki, C. Wang, J. Deriso
Tunable dielectric resonators with dielectric tuning disks in cylindrical enclosures are modeled by mode matching method. Tuning properties of TE/sub 01/ mode such as tuning ranges, spurious mode separation, unloaded quality factors and couplings, etc., are investigated for both rod- and ring-type dielectric resonators. Wide tuning ranges are obtained while other properties of resonators are maintained over the tuning ranges.
{"title":"Tunable dielectric resonators with dielectric tuning disks in cylindrical enclosures","authors":"Tao Shen, K. Zaki, C. Wang, J. Deriso","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2000.862245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2000.862245","url":null,"abstract":"Tunable dielectric resonators with dielectric tuning disks in cylindrical enclosures are modeled by mode matching method. Tuning properties of TE/sub 01/ mode such as tuning ranges, spurious mode separation, unloaded quality factors and couplings, etc., are investigated for both rod- and ring-type dielectric resonators. Wide tuning ranges are obtained while other properties of resonators are maintained over the tuning ranges.","PeriodicalId":149404,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.00CH37017)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124473109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-11DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861755
S. Lin, Y. Qian, T. Itoh
A compact receiver front-end comprised of subharmonic direct conversion mixers integrated with a planar quasi-Yagi antenna is presented. The front-end generates I and Q baseband outputs, using the quasi-Yagi antenna as a circuit element to split the incoming signal into an I and Q component. Furthermore, the subharmonic design cancels even mixing products, thereby improving even-order distortion. Downconversion and demodulation of a QPSK modulated RF carrier signal is demonstrated successfully with a C-band prototype.
{"title":"Quadrature direct conversion receiver integrated with planar quasi-Yagi antenna","authors":"S. Lin, Y. Qian, T. Itoh","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861755","url":null,"abstract":"A compact receiver front-end comprised of subharmonic direct conversion mixers integrated with a planar quasi-Yagi antenna is presented. The front-end generates I and Q baseband outputs, using the quasi-Yagi antenna as a circuit element to split the incoming signal into an I and Q component. Furthermore, the subharmonic design cancels even mixing products, thereby improving even-order distortion. Downconversion and demodulation of a QPSK modulated RF carrier signal is demonstrated successfully with a C-band prototype.","PeriodicalId":149404,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.00CH37017)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127607899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-11DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861014
D. K. Brock, M. Pambianchi
HYPRES has developed a monolithic on-chip phase-locked loop (PLL) for the stabilizing and locking of the high-frequency output of an single flux quantum (SFQ) clock source, using rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) logic family elements for phase detection and frequency detection. This PLL was successfully fabricated and operated as a 50 GHz clock phase-locked to a MHz frequency external source. We were able to employ a feedback loop filter to correct the voltage bias on the SFQ clock and compensate for the frequency fluctuations created by voltage noise in the bias and shunt resistors. This effort resulted is a stable SFQ clock which is tunable and phase-locked to an external signal of lower frequency, and which does not increase the heat load of a circuit. Moreover, in addition to high speed synchronized clock sources, this PLL can now be used to implement new and useful devices, such as phase demodulators and clock recovery circuits.
{"title":"A 50 GHz monolithic RSFQ digital phase locked loop","authors":"D. K. Brock, M. Pambianchi","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861014","url":null,"abstract":"HYPRES has developed a monolithic on-chip phase-locked loop (PLL) for the stabilizing and locking of the high-frequency output of an single flux quantum (SFQ) clock source, using rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) logic family elements for phase detection and frequency detection. This PLL was successfully fabricated and operated as a 50 GHz clock phase-locked to a MHz frequency external source. We were able to employ a feedback loop filter to correct the voltage bias on the SFQ clock and compensate for the frequency fluctuations created by voltage noise in the bias and shunt resistors. This effort resulted is a stable SFQ clock which is tunable and phase-locked to an external signal of lower frequency, and which does not increase the heat load of a circuit. Moreover, in addition to high speed synchronized clock sources, this PLL can now be used to implement new and useful devices, such as phase demodulators and clock recovery circuits.","PeriodicalId":149404,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.00CH37017)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128068534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-11DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2000.863284
H. Jacobsson, S. Gevorgian, M. Mokhtari, B. Hansson, C. Hedenas, T. Lewin, W. Rabe, A. Schuppen
A set of fully integrated VCOs in the 5-8 GHz frequency range has been designed and manufactured in Si/SiGe-HBT technology. A minimum phase noise of -100 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz off-carrier was measured for 2 V supply voltage and 6 mW power consumption.
{"title":"Low phase noise, low power IC VCOs for 5-8 GHz wireless applications","authors":"H. Jacobsson, S. Gevorgian, M. Mokhtari, B. Hansson, C. Hedenas, T. Lewin, W. Rabe, A. Schuppen","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2000.863284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2000.863284","url":null,"abstract":"A set of fully integrated VCOs in the 5-8 GHz frequency range has been designed and manufactured in Si/SiGe-HBT technology. A minimum phase noise of -100 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz off-carrier was measured for 2 V supply voltage and 6 mW power consumption.","PeriodicalId":149404,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.00CH37017)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128085630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-11DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861023
W. Thiel, M. Birk, W. Menzel, P. Abele
This paper presents a global finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis of a silicon nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) using optimized varactors. The simulation is based on the FDTD method also including transmission line losses and the drift-diffusion model for the semiconductor devices solved by means of finite differences (FD). The diodes are included in the FDTD scheme as lumped elements. The fall time of 74 ps of a 4 GHz sinewave was compressed to approximately 15 ps at the output of a 20 mm long NLTL with 40 diodes. Comparing the measured output signal to the simulation, a good agreement could be achieved.
{"title":"A global finite difference time domain analysis of a silicon nonlinear transmission line","authors":"W. Thiel, M. Birk, W. Menzel, P. Abele","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861023","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a global finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis of a silicon nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) using optimized varactors. The simulation is based on the FDTD method also including transmission line losses and the drift-diffusion model for the semiconductor devices solved by means of finite differences (FD). The diodes are included in the FDTD scheme as lumped elements. The fall time of 74 ps of a 4 GHz sinewave was compressed to approximately 15 ps at the output of a 20 mm long NLTL with 40 diodes. Comparing the measured output signal to the simulation, a good agreement could be achieved.","PeriodicalId":149404,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.00CH37017)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128097396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-11DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2000.862260
G. Hau, T. B. Nishimura, N. Iwata
This paper presents a linearized power amplifier (PA) MMIC developed for 1.95 GHz wide-band CDMA handsets. Predistortion linearization was employed to compensate the nonlinearities of a PA, achieving high efficiency, high linearity signal amplification operated at 3.5 V supply voltage. To maintain a compact design, the predistorter was integrated with the PA onto a single MMIC chip. After linearization, the output power (P/sub out/) and power added efficiency (PAE) of the PA MMIC improve significantly from 28.0 dBm and 40.0% to 28.8 dBm and 44.5%, respectively, measured at -38 dBc adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACPR) with a 3.84 Mcps hybrid phase shift keying signal. By combining with bias control, the linearized PA MMIC also demonstrates an excellent low P/sub out/ (13 dBm) performance, achieving a PAE of 24.0% at the same ACPR criteria.
{"title":"A linearized power amplifier MMIC for 3.5 V battery operated wide-band CDMA handsets","authors":"G. Hau, T. B. Nishimura, N. Iwata","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2000.862260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2000.862260","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a linearized power amplifier (PA) MMIC developed for 1.95 GHz wide-band CDMA handsets. Predistortion linearization was employed to compensate the nonlinearities of a PA, achieving high efficiency, high linearity signal amplification operated at 3.5 V supply voltage. To maintain a compact design, the predistorter was integrated with the PA onto a single MMIC chip. After linearization, the output power (P/sub out/) and power added efficiency (PAE) of the PA MMIC improve significantly from 28.0 dBm and 40.0% to 28.8 dBm and 44.5%, respectively, measured at -38 dBc adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACPR) with a 3.84 Mcps hybrid phase shift keying signal. By combining with bias control, the linearized PA MMIC also demonstrates an excellent low P/sub out/ (13 dBm) performance, achieving a PAE of 24.0% at the same ACPR criteria.","PeriodicalId":149404,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.00CH37017)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125763042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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