Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0003
Yi-Tzu Tseng, Y. Tseng, C. Wu
Perovskite solar cells have attracted extensive research attention recently as they are promising high-performance solar cells with long-time stability at a low cost. In this study, we demonstrated a one-step solution approach to prepare the CH3NH3PbICl2 perovskite layer by adding lead chloride (PbCl2) to the standard methylamine iodide (MAI) precursor solution and annealing process of the perovskite layer at different temperature. Finally, the Ag/Spiro-OMeTAD/CH3NH3PbI2Cl /mp-TiO2/c-TiO2/FTO/Glass perovskite solar cell was successfully fabricated by using solution processing.
{"title":"Photovoltaic Performance of CH3NH3PbI2Cl Perovskite Solar Cell","authors":"Yi-Tzu Tseng, Y. Tseng, C. Wu","doi":"10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells have attracted extensive research attention recently as they are promising high-performance solar cells with long-time stability at a low cost. In this study, we demonstrated a one-step solution approach to prepare the CH3NH3PbICl2 perovskite layer by adding lead chloride (PbCl2) to the standard methylamine iodide (MAI) precursor solution and annealing process of the perovskite layer at different temperature. Finally, the Ag/Spiro-OMeTAD/CH3NH3PbI2Cl /mp-TiO2/c-TiO2/FTO/Glass perovskite solar cell was successfully fabricated by using solution processing.","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82795784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0006
P. D’yachkov
Deformations of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) change their band structure in the nanoelectromechanical systems. In this study, we investigated the response of the electronic structure of chiral and nonchiral SWNTs (8,7), (9,6), (10,5), (7,7), (11,0), (12,0), and (13,0) to twisting and axial tension modes by using the symmetrized linear augmented cylindrical wave technique. We showed that perturbations of the band structures depend on a “family” index p = (n1 − n2)mod 3 (where p = −1, 0 or 1). Twisting the semiconducting (8,7) tubule with p = 1 in the direction of the screw axis is accompanied by the large broadening of minimum gap E11 and narrowing of the second gap E22, while these gaps drastically change in the tubule (10,5) with p = −1. In these tubules, changing the direction of twisting leads to the reversal in direction of the gap shifts. Regardless of the twisting direction, in metallic (7,7) and quasi-metallic (9,6) SWNTs with p = 0, the E11 gap rapidly increases from 0.0 and 0.035 eV to about 1 eV. When twisting the zigzag tubules (13,0) p = 1 and (11,0) p = −1, the gaps E11 equal to about 0.8 eV increase and decrease by several hundredths of eV. On the contrary, the compression and extension of these tubules cause a sharp change in their band structure with approximately a twofold change in the gaps E11 and E22 and inversion in the sequence of the boundary bands. The similar deformation of the armchair nanotube (7,7) has practically no effect on its electronic levels. In the case of zigzag (12,0) p = 0 SWNT, all deformation modes transform the quasi-metallic tubule into the semiconductor.
{"title":"Electromechanical Property Calculation of Carbon Nanotubes Using Linear Augmented Cylindrical Wave Method","authors":"P. D’yachkov","doi":"10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Deformations of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) change their band structure in the nanoelectromechanical systems. In this study, we investigated the response of the electronic structure of chiral and nonchiral SWNTs (8,7), (9,6), (10,5), (7,7), (11,0), (12,0), and (13,0) to twisting and axial tension modes by using the symmetrized linear augmented cylindrical wave technique. We showed that perturbations of the band structures depend on a “family” index p = (n1 − n2)mod 3 (where p = −1, 0 or 1). Twisting the semiconducting (8,7) tubule with p = 1 in the direction of the screw axis is accompanied by the large broadening of minimum gap E11 and narrowing of the second gap E22, while these gaps drastically change in the tubule (10,5) with p = −1. In these tubules, changing the direction of twisting leads to the reversal in direction of the gap shifts. Regardless of the twisting direction, in metallic (7,7) and quasi-metallic (9,6) SWNTs with p = 0, the E11 gap rapidly increases from 0.0 and 0.035 eV to about 1 eV. When twisting the zigzag tubules (13,0) p = 1 and (11,0) p = −1, the gaps E11 equal to about 0.8 eV increase and decrease by several hundredths of eV. On the contrary, the compression and extension of these tubules cause a sharp change in their band structure with approximately a twofold change in the gaps E11 and E22 and inversion in the sequence of the boundary bands. The similar deformation of the armchair nanotube (7,7) has practically no effect on its electronic levels. In the case of zigzag (12,0) p = 0 SWNT, all deformation modes transform the quasi-metallic tubule into the semiconductor.","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85782763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0004
H. R. Dehghanpour
Electromagnetic radiation on the suspension of silver-water nanoparticles was simulated using Maxwell equations and the phenomenological equation of extinction crosssection and application of appropriate boundary conditions for nanoparticles with spherical geometry. The outputs of this simulation (extinction coefficient in different conditions) were compared with previous experimental results. The similarity between the simulation outputs and the experimental results indicates the high degree of reliability of the simulation method to predict the results of situations in which there is no experimental data.
{"title":"Modeling of Optical Characteristics of Silver Nanoparticles—Water Suspension Subject to Electromagnetic Irradiation","authors":"H. R. Dehghanpour","doi":"10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic radiation on the suspension of silver-water nanoparticles was simulated using Maxwell equations and the phenomenological equation of extinction crosssection and application of appropriate boundary conditions for nanoparticles with spherical geometry. The outputs of this simulation (extinction coefficient in different conditions) were compared with previous experimental results. The similarity between the simulation outputs and the experimental results indicates the high degree of reliability of the simulation method to predict the results of situations in which there is no experimental data.","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90614365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0002
Saransh Tiwari, Sudhaker Dixit, Ved Kumar, A. Rastogi
The essential distinctions and similarities between the center of gravity, the center of mass, and the centroid of a rigid body in space are illustrated in this article. The use of an acceptable equation for a given configuration of the body situated at any location in a 3-D space is established and used in a composite application in the boiler lever safety valve.
{"title":"Analogy among Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and Centroid of Rigid body: Analysis of Formula for Their Respective Calculation as per Configuration of Body and Utilization in Composite Application","authors":"Saransh Tiwari, Sudhaker Dixit, Ved Kumar, A. Rastogi","doi":"10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0002","url":null,"abstract":"The essential distinctions and similarities between the center of gravity, the center of mass, and the centroid of a rigid body in space are illustrated in this article. The use of an acceptable equation for a given configuration of the body situated at any location in a 3-D space is established and used in a composite application in the boiler lever safety valve.","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74990716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0005
Fang-Hsing Wang, Hua-Tz Tzeng
Indium-free transparent conducting oxide films have attracted extensive attention in the field of optoelectronics. Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) thin films are deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on glass substrates at a temperature of 200 °C with ZnO:Ga2O3 (3 wt%). The structural, electrical, and optical properties of the GZO thin films were investigated in terms of deposition pressure and film thickness variations. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that all the prepared GZO films exhibited hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with a (002) preferential orientation along the c-axis, regardless of pressure and thickness. The average visible transmittance (including the glass substrate) in a wavelength range of 400–700 nm decreased with increasing thickness but varied less with pressure. The highest average visible transmittance reached 88.4% at the thickness of 150 nm and the pressure of 5 mTorr. The optical band gap of the GZO films calculated using Tauc’s method was in the range of about 3.6–3.9 eV. The resistivity of GZO thin films decreased with decreasing deposition pressure and increasing film thickness, and the minimum resistivity obtained at 5 mTorr and 1000 nm was 3.36 × 10-4 Ω-cm. The maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 3.09 × 10-2 Ω-1 was achieved at 5 mTorr and 1000 nm. The superior optical and electrical properties and high FOM show that the prepared GZO thin films are suitable for transparent conducting films and optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"Pressure and Thickness Dependence of Physical Properties of ZnO:Ga Thin Films by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering","authors":"Fang-Hsing Wang, Hua-Tz Tzeng","doi":"10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Indium-free transparent conducting oxide films have attracted extensive attention in the field of optoelectronics. Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) thin films are deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on glass substrates at a temperature of 200 °C with ZnO:Ga2O3 (3 wt%). The structural, electrical, and optical properties of the GZO thin films were investigated in terms of deposition pressure and film thickness variations. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that all the prepared GZO films exhibited hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with a (002) preferential orientation along the c-axis, regardless of pressure and thickness. The average visible transmittance (including the glass substrate) in a wavelength range of 400–700 nm decreased with increasing thickness but varied less with pressure. The highest average visible transmittance reached 88.4% at the thickness of 150 nm and the pressure of 5 mTorr. The optical band gap of the GZO films calculated using Tauc’s method was in the range of about 3.6–3.9 eV. The resistivity of GZO thin films decreased with decreasing deposition pressure and increasing film thickness, and the minimum resistivity obtained at 5 mTorr and 1000 nm was 3.36 × 10-4 Ω-cm. The maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 3.09 × 10-2 Ω-1 was achieved at 5 mTorr and 1000 nm. The superior optical and electrical properties and high FOM show that the prepared GZO thin films are suitable for transparent conducting films and optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83667650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0001
Duc Thanh Nguyen, Hang Thi Thuy Nguyen, Hung Cam Ly, An Thi Xuan Duong
The hydrogen production from water electrolysis is of interest as a renewable energy generation technology. However, the high price of noble platinum (Pt) catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a big challenge to use it. Herein, we fabricate cost-effective CoPt bimetallic alloys and explore the effect of Co composition on the electrochemical behavior of such alloys, which has been rarely reported. A series of Co1-xPtx (x = 0.25; 0.5; 0.75) alloys are prepared via a room-temperature chemical reduction route without using any surfactants/stabilizers that exhibit a uniform distribution in small particle sizes (ca. 3 nm) on the carbon surface. In terms of the HER, the incorporation of a suitable Co proportion into the Pt lattices enhance significantly the HER performance in an acidic environment. For instance, the Co0.5Pt0.5 NPs/C catalyst displays a low onset potential (16.67 mV) and a small Tafel slope (19.60 mV dec-1), which is different from other Co1-xPtx catalysts and commercial C-supported Pt (NPs) catalyst. This research result not only supplies a facile strategy to synthesize alloys but also guides the choice of a suitable proportion of transition metal into Pt lattice for electrochemical reactions in green energy storage and conversion technologies.
{"title":"Effect of Cobalt Composition on Electrochemical Behavior of Platinum-Based Catalyst towards Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Duc Thanh Nguyen, Hang Thi Thuy Nguyen, Hung Cam Ly, An Thi Xuan Duong","doi":"10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35745/afm2022v02.02.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrogen production from water electrolysis is of interest as a renewable energy generation technology. However, the high price of noble platinum (Pt) catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a big challenge to use it. Herein, we fabricate cost-effective CoPt bimetallic alloys and explore the effect of Co composition on the electrochemical behavior of such alloys, which has been rarely reported. A series of Co1-xPtx (x = 0.25; 0.5; 0.75) alloys are prepared via a room-temperature chemical reduction route without using any surfactants/stabilizers that exhibit a uniform distribution in small particle sizes (ca. 3 nm) on the carbon surface. In terms of the HER, the incorporation of a suitable Co proportion into the Pt lattices enhance significantly the HER performance in an acidic environment. For instance, the Co0.5Pt0.5 NPs/C catalyst displays a low onset potential (16.67 mV) and a small Tafel slope (19.60 mV dec-1), which is different from other Co1-xPtx catalysts and commercial C-supported Pt (NPs) catalyst. This research result not only supplies a facile strategy to synthesize alloys but also guides the choice of a suitable proportion of transition metal into Pt lattice for electrochemical reactions in green energy storage and conversion technologies.","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77921667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.35745/afm2022v02.01.0002
O. Kucherov
Electron cloud densitometry of carbon allotropes is presented in this study. Carbon consists of two inner and four valence electrons. The valence electrons in carbon are hybridized or active. Each active valence electron builds a negatively charged shape due to their delocalization. It is proved that the active valence electron creates the van der Waals force, which bonds layers of crystalline graphite together. An easy quantum mechanical explanation of the electron cloud densitometry is given in this study. In accordance with this effect, an atom begins to illuminate, depicting its shape. Electron cloud densitometry images show the inner and valence electrons in the applied functional materials, such as activated coke, graphite, graphene, and diamond.
{"title":"Electron Cloud Densitometry of Inner and Valence Electrons in Carbon Allotropes","authors":"O. Kucherov","doi":"10.35745/afm2022v02.01.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35745/afm2022v02.01.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Electron cloud densitometry of carbon allotropes is presented in this study. Carbon consists of two inner and four valence electrons. The valence electrons in carbon are hybridized or active. Each active valence electron builds a negatively charged shape due to their delocalization. It is proved that the active valence electron creates the van der Waals force, which bonds layers of crystalline graphite together. An easy quantum mechanical explanation of the electron cloud densitometry is given in this study. In accordance with this effect, an atom begins to illuminate, depicting its shape. Electron cloud densitometry images show the inner and valence electrons in the applied functional materials, such as activated coke, graphite, graphene, and diamond.","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86536085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.35745/afm2022v02.01.0005
Tung-Lung Wu, J. Tsai, Yaxin Song, Tangxi Chen, T. Wu, Kao-Wei Min, Ming-Ta Yu, Chi-Ting Ho
This study mainly is carried out to discuss the effect of nitrogen annealing temperature on perovskite solar cells. The annealing temperature affects perovskite solar cells during the annealing process. It also affects the formation of perovskite crystals. Perovskite crystals need to form in a nitrogen box for manufacturing Perovskite solar cells. Spin-coating MAPbI3 on the substrate is annealed with a nitrogen furnace tube to form perovskite crystals. The remaining PbI2 after the annealing is completed to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells. The optimal temperature for the formation of perovskite crystals is found by adjusting the annealing temperature. By using UV-visible spectrometer, field emission-scanning electron microscope, and measurements of photoelectric conversion efficiency, cell structure and optoelectronic properties are analyzed as the final results.
{"title":"Influence of MAPBI3 Annealing Temperature on Perovskite Solar Cell","authors":"Tung-Lung Wu, J. Tsai, Yaxin Song, Tangxi Chen, T. Wu, Kao-Wei Min, Ming-Ta Yu, Chi-Ting Ho","doi":"10.35745/afm2022v02.01.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35745/afm2022v02.01.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This study mainly is carried out to discuss the effect of nitrogen annealing temperature on perovskite solar cells. The annealing temperature affects perovskite solar cells during the annealing process. It also affects the formation of perovskite crystals. Perovskite crystals need to form in a nitrogen box for manufacturing Perovskite solar cells. Spin-coating MAPbI3 on the substrate is annealed with a nitrogen furnace tube to form perovskite crystals. The remaining PbI2 after the annealing is completed to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells. The optimal temperature for the formation of perovskite crystals is found by adjusting the annealing temperature. By using UV-visible spectrometer, field emission-scanning electron microscope, and measurements of photoelectric conversion efficiency, cell structure and optoelectronic properties are analyzed as the final results.","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88976269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.35745/afm2022v02.01.0003
Cheng-Fu Yang, Chingfu Wang, Fang-Hsing Wang, Han-Wen Liu, J. Mičová
With the hydrothermal method, the p-type silicon <100> wafer was used as the substrate to synthesize ZnO nanorods in different synthesis times. To prepare the ZnO seed layer on the p-type silicon <100> wafer, a prepared ZnO gel was deposited as the seed layer using the spin coating method. A 0.2 M solution of zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2-2H2O) and hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4) were used as the source materials at a synthesis temperature of 90 °C. The synthesis time was changed from 10 to 60 min as the synthesis parameter. X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy, and a focused ion beam system were used to analyze and compare the crystal characteristics and the heights and widths of synthesized ZnO nanorods. We found that the crystal characteristics, the heights and widths, and the photoluminescence properties of synthesized ZnO nanorods were dependent on the synthesis time.
{"title":"Effect of Synthesis Time on Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of ZnO Nanorods","authors":"Cheng-Fu Yang, Chingfu Wang, Fang-Hsing Wang, Han-Wen Liu, J. Mičová","doi":"10.35745/afm2022v02.01.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35745/afm2022v02.01.0003","url":null,"abstract":"With the hydrothermal method, the p-type silicon <100> wafer was used as the substrate to synthesize ZnO nanorods in different synthesis times. To prepare the ZnO seed layer on the p-type silicon <100> wafer, a prepared ZnO gel was deposited as the seed layer using the spin coating method. A 0.2 M solution of zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2-2H2O) and hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4) were used as the source materials at a synthesis temperature of 90 °C. The synthesis time was changed from 10 to 60 min as the synthesis parameter. X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy, and a focused ion beam system were used to analyze and compare the crystal characteristics and the heights and widths of synthesized ZnO nanorods. We found that the crystal characteristics, the heights and widths, and the photoluminescence properties of synthesized ZnO nanorods were dependent on the synthesis time.","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74023794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.35745/afm2022v02.01.0001
Majee Kumar Swarup, Das Jiten, S. Seetaraman
Failure behaviour of a carbon-epoxy composite is studied both in crack arrester (CA) and crack divider(CD) mode by conducting 3-point bend test of un-notched (UN) and single edge pre-crack notched (N) (notch depth varied from 0.5 to 3.3 mm) specimens at various cross head speeds(CHS) such as 0.2, 50, 100, 200 and 500 mm/min. Influence of notch depth (ND) and CHS on the conditional fracture toughness(CFT) is understood using ANOVA. In both the mode, while the CFT values varies linearly with CHS, its values are observed to be lower at short ND, higher at medium ND and again lower at high ND. In both the modes at high ND (~3.3mm) opening mode/fibre breaking (mode I) failure occurs because of high crack tip stress concentration (as analysed from ANSYS 15.0) which cause fibre failure at the tip and corresponding Mode I fracture toughness was observed to be~20 MPa.m0.5. The composite also shows similar flexural strength both in CA mode (641+48) and in CD mode (634+49 MPa). In CD mode N specimen predominantly fails by mode I. While in CD mode the delamination (mode II) is only observed in UN specimens, in CA mode UN or small N specimen shows mode II failure and medium notched specimen shows mixed mode failure. In CA mode, number of delaminated layer is higher for the specimen tested at high CHS. In CA mode during charpy test (strain rate 103/s), the composite shows numerous delamination and absorbed much higher energy(~40J/cm2) than that in CD (~10J/cm2) mode where mode I failure is predominant. During impact test, lowering of test temperature to -40oC has very little effect on the impact energy since it does not significantly affect the mode of failure.
{"title":"Failure Behaviour of Carbon-Epoxy Composite in Crack Arrester and Crack Divider Mode","authors":"Majee Kumar Swarup, Das Jiten, S. Seetaraman","doi":"10.35745/afm2022v02.01.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35745/afm2022v02.01.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Failure behaviour of a carbon-epoxy composite is studied both in crack arrester (CA) and crack divider(CD) mode by conducting 3-point bend test of un-notched (UN) and single edge pre-crack notched (N) (notch depth varied from 0.5 to 3.3 mm) specimens at various cross head speeds(CHS) such as 0.2, 50, 100, 200 and 500 mm/min. Influence of notch depth (ND) and CHS on the conditional fracture toughness(CFT) is understood using ANOVA. In both the mode, while the CFT values varies linearly with CHS, its values are observed to be lower at short ND, higher at medium ND and again lower at high ND. In both the modes at high ND (~3.3mm) opening mode/fibre breaking (mode I) failure occurs because of high crack tip stress concentration (as analysed from ANSYS 15.0) which cause fibre failure at the tip and corresponding Mode I fracture toughness was observed to be~20 MPa.m0.5. The composite also shows similar flexural strength both in CA mode (641+48) and in CD mode (634+49 MPa). In CD mode N specimen predominantly fails by mode I. While in CD mode the delamination (mode II) is only observed in UN specimens, in CA mode UN or small N specimen shows mode II failure and medium notched specimen shows mixed mode failure. In CA mode, number of delaminated layer is higher for the specimen tested at high CHS. In CA mode during charpy test (strain rate 103/s), the composite shows numerous delamination and absorbed much higher energy(~40J/cm2) than that in CD (~10J/cm2) mode where mode I failure is predominant. During impact test, lowering of test temperature to -40oC has very little effect on the impact energy since it does not significantly affect the mode of failure.","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90100976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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