Aims: Mushrooms are health-food used as food supplements and fortification but are susceptible to microbial spoilage due to high moisture content and nutrient status. Fresh mushrooms sometimes show signs of spoilage after harvest and makes storage difficult. The objective of the study was to identify and characterize bacteria and fungi associated with three fresh edible mushrooms, under ambient and cold temperatures. Methodology: The study was conducted at the Bells University of Technology, Nigeria, between December 2020 and October 2021. Pleurotus ostreatus and Calocybe indica fruitbodies were procured from the Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi while Pleurotus tuber-regium fruitbodies were obtained from sclerotia planted in loamy soil. The fruitbodies were kept at ambient (28oC) and cold (15oC) temperatures respectively. The bacterial and fungal counts on each of the mushrooms were taken at 0,3, 5, and 7 days after harvest. The isolated bacteria were identified by conventional methods; Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E kits (BioMerieux), while Fungi were identified by morphological features and PCR amplification using ITS 1f/ ITS 4r universal primers. Results: The bacterial and fungal counts on the fruitbodies ranged from 5.7 log CFU/ml – 6.3 log CFU/ml and 5.0 log CFU/ml – 5.9 log CFU/ml respectively. Seven genera of bacteria isolated were gram-negative bacteria. At ambient temperature, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter asburiae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella ornithinolytica, Serratia marcescens, Chryseobacterium meningosepticum and Cedecea davisae were isolated while Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii and Citrobacter braakii were isolated at cold temperature. Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium were isolated at both temperatures while Alternaria was isolated at ambient temperature. Conclusion: Isolated bacteria and fungi were mostly enteric pathogens and potential mycotoxin-producing fungi. This is an indication that strict hygiene and control measures should be put in place during the production and storage of these mushrooms in order to improve the quality and food safety of fresh mushrooms in Nigeria.
{"title":"Identification and Molecular Characterization of Bacteria and Fungi Associated with Three Fresh Edible Mushrooms","authors":"Anyakorah Caroline Iruoma, Adeniji Omolara Folakemi","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i6582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i6582","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Mushrooms are health-food used as food supplements and fortification but are susceptible to microbial spoilage due to high moisture content and nutrient status. Fresh mushrooms sometimes show signs of spoilage after harvest and makes storage difficult. The objective of the study was to identify and characterize bacteria and fungi associated with three fresh edible mushrooms, under ambient and cold temperatures. \u0000Methodology: The study was conducted at the Bells University of Technology, Nigeria, between December 2020 and October 2021. Pleurotus ostreatus and Calocybe indica fruitbodies were procured from the Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi while Pleurotus tuber-regium fruitbodies were obtained from sclerotia planted in loamy soil. The fruitbodies were kept at ambient (28oC) and cold (15oC) temperatures respectively. The bacterial and fungal counts on each of the mushrooms were taken at 0,3, 5, and 7 days after harvest. The isolated bacteria were identified by conventional methods; Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E kits (BioMerieux), while Fungi were identified by morphological features and PCR amplification using ITS 1f/ ITS 4r universal primers. \u0000Results: The bacterial and fungal counts on the fruitbodies ranged from 5.7 log CFU/ml – 6.3 log CFU/ml and 5.0 log CFU/ml – 5.9 log CFU/ml respectively. Seven genera of bacteria isolated were gram-negative bacteria. At ambient temperature, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter asburiae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella ornithinolytica, Serratia marcescens, Chryseobacterium meningosepticum and Cedecea davisae were isolated while Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii and Citrobacter braakii were isolated at cold temperature. Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium were isolated at both temperatures while Alternaria was isolated at ambient temperature. \u0000Conclusion: Isolated bacteria and fungi were mostly enteric pathogens and potential mycotoxin-producing fungi. This is an indication that strict hygiene and control measures should be put in place during the production and storage of these mushrooms in order to improve the quality and food safety of fresh mushrooms in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85669635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i6581
Sabine Helena Dantas, A. J. Almeida, T. Gonçalves, I. Araújo, Mathania Silva de Almeida Rezende, R. Veras, Antônia Lêda Silva, I. A. Medeiros
Aim: To evaluate the cardiovascular effect of carvacrol treatment in a D(+)galactose accelerated aging model, investigating effects on vascular reactivity, oxidative stress, and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Methodology: Eight-week-old male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used for oral treatment for eight weeks. Organ baths were used for vascular reactivity studies (FEN, ACh, and NPS), fluorescence microscopy to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS, using DHE probe), and Tail-Cuff for systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements. Non-linear regression was used to create the concentration-response curves. Emax denotes the tissue's maximum response. Results: The aged rats showed a significant increase in fluorescence intensity by the DHE probe compared to the CTL group (CTL=100 ± 3.6%, n=5 and Dgal=167.7 ± 7.9%, n=5, respectively). However, the levels of ROS in the carvacrol-treated groups were significantly attenuated in the Dgal+C50 (138.8 ± 4.5%, n=5) and Dgal+C100 (130.0 ± 5.5%, n=5) groups. The animals of the Dgal group presented hypertension through the significant increase in SBP compared to the CTL group (CTL=135.9 ± 3.9 mmHg, n=6, Dgal=170.9 ± 2.0 mmHg, n=9, respectively). The increased SBP of Dgal rats could be reversed by treatment with carvacrol (Dgal+C50=137.9 ± 2.7 mmHg, n=5, and Dgal+C100=124.6 ± 8.2 mmHg, n=5, respectively. On the other hand, carvacrol was unable to restore the ACh-induced vasorelaxation effect found in CTL (Emax=100.0 ± 3.9%), Dgal (Emax=84.9 ± 4.4%), Dgal+C50 (Emax=84.9 ± 4.4%) and Dgal+C100 (Emax=82.1 ± 6.2 %). Conclusion: Carvacrol shows protective antioxidant effects capable of reducing SBP in aged animals, being an important tool in promoting healthy aging.
{"title":"Evaluation of Cardiovascular Effects of Carvacrol in a D-(+)-Galactose-Induced aging Model","authors":"Sabine Helena Dantas, A. J. Almeida, T. Gonçalves, I. Araújo, Mathania Silva de Almeida Rezende, R. Veras, Antônia Lêda Silva, I. A. Medeiros","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i6581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i6581","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the cardiovascular effect of carvacrol treatment in a D(+)galactose accelerated aging model, investigating effects on vascular reactivity, oxidative stress, and systolic blood pressure (SBP). \u0000Methodology: Eight-week-old male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used for oral treatment for eight weeks. Organ baths were used for vascular reactivity studies (FEN, ACh, and NPS), fluorescence microscopy to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS, using DHE probe), and Tail-Cuff for systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements. Non-linear regression was used to create the concentration-response curves. Emax denotes the tissue's maximum response. \u0000Results: The aged rats showed a significant increase in fluorescence intensity by the DHE probe compared to the CTL group (CTL=100 ± 3.6%, n=5 and Dgal=167.7 ± 7.9%, n=5, respectively). However, the levels of ROS in the carvacrol-treated groups were significantly attenuated in the Dgal+C50 (138.8 ± 4.5%, n=5) and Dgal+C100 (130.0 ± 5.5%, n=5) groups. The animals of the Dgal group presented hypertension through the significant increase in SBP compared to the CTL group (CTL=135.9 ± 3.9 mmHg, n=6, Dgal=170.9 ± 2.0 mmHg, n=9, respectively). The increased SBP of Dgal rats could be reversed by treatment with carvacrol (Dgal+C50=137.9 ± 2.7 mmHg, n=5, and Dgal+C100=124.6 ± 8.2 mmHg, n=5, respectively. On the other hand, carvacrol was unable to restore the ACh-induced vasorelaxation effect found in CTL (Emax=100.0 ± 3.9%), Dgal (Emax=84.9 ± 4.4%), Dgal+C50 (Emax=84.9 ± 4.4%) and Dgal+C100 (Emax=82.1 ± 6.2 %). \u0000Conclusion: Carvacrol shows protective antioxidant effects capable of reducing SBP in aged animals, being an important tool in promoting healthy aging.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80298742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i6580
E. O. Wellington, E. N. Onyeike, D. Peters, M. B. Otobo, D. Félix, S. J. Ogbomade
This study graded the acute, sub-acute, and chronic toxicity of aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Leonurus cardiaca in non-pregnant female wistar rats. Fifty wistar albino rats weighing between 180 and 200g were used for this study. The rats were grouped into 10 groups of five rats per group. Group 1 served as control while group 2-11 were orally administered aqueous extract of Leonurus cardiaca at 166, 250, and 500mg/kg for 7, 14, and 21 days. All haematological and biochemical parameters were determined based on standard methods. The plasma RBC, Hb, MCV, and WBC of the control were 5.33±0.01 x 1012/L, 13.54±0.01 g/dl, 42.16±0.01 fl, and 1.83±0.01 X 109/L respectively. The plasma RBC, Hb, MCV, and WBC of the rats treated with 500mg/kg of the extract for 21 days were 10.93±0.01x 1012/L, 19.24±0.01g/dl, 28.33±0.01fl, and 1.41±0.01 x 109/L respectively and were significantly different from the control at p≤0.05. The plasma Na+, K+ , Cl-, HCO3 , creatinine, and urea levels treated with extract at 500mg/kg for 21 days were 167.97±0.01 01mmol/l, 7.85±0.0101mmol/l, 164.24±0.0101mmol/l, 40.84±0.0101mmol/l, 1.16±0.0101mmol/l, and 5.68±0.02 01mmol/l respectively, were significantly different from the control at p≤0.05. The plasma ALT, ALP, and AST activities treated with extract at 500mg/kg for 21 days were 146.24±0.02U/L, 77.33±0.01U/L, and 168.71±0.01U/L respectively, were significantly different from the control at p≤0.05. Enhancement on architecture of the heart, kidney and liver tissues occurred after treatment with 500mg/kg of the extract for 21 days in comparison to the control. The significantly improved effects observed on all assayed parameters were expressive that the extract of the aerial parts of Leonurus cardiaca is safe at 500 mg/Kg.
{"title":"Acute, Sub-acute and Chronic Toxicity Evaluation of Aqueous Extract of the Aerial Parts of Leonurus cardiaca in Normal Non-pregnant Female Wistar Albino Rats per OECD 425 TG","authors":"E. O. Wellington, E. N. Onyeike, D. Peters, M. B. Otobo, D. Félix, S. J. Ogbomade","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i6580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i6580","url":null,"abstract":"This study graded the acute, sub-acute, and chronic toxicity of aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Leonurus cardiaca in non-pregnant female wistar rats. Fifty wistar albino rats weighing between 180 and 200g were used for this study. The rats were grouped into 10 groups of five rats per group. Group 1 served as control while group 2-11 were orally administered aqueous extract of Leonurus cardiaca at 166, 250, and 500mg/kg for 7, 14, and 21 days. All haematological and biochemical parameters were determined based on standard methods. The plasma RBC, Hb, MCV, and WBC of the control were 5.33±0.01 x 1012/L, 13.54±0.01 g/dl, 42.16±0.01 fl, and 1.83±0.01 X 109/L respectively. The plasma RBC, Hb, MCV, and WBC of the rats treated with 500mg/kg of the extract for 21 days were 10.93±0.01x 1012/L, 19.24±0.01g/dl, 28.33±0.01fl, and 1.41±0.01 x 109/L respectively and were significantly different from the control at p≤0.05. The plasma Na+, K+ , Cl-, HCO3 , creatinine, and urea levels treated with extract at 500mg/kg for 21 days were 167.97±0.01 01mmol/l, 7.85±0.0101mmol/l, 164.24±0.0101mmol/l, 40.84±0.0101mmol/l, 1.16±0.0101mmol/l, and 5.68±0.02 01mmol/l respectively, were significantly different from the control at p≤0.05. The plasma ALT, ALP, and AST activities treated with extract at 500mg/kg for 21 days were 146.24±0.02U/L, 77.33±0.01U/L, and 168.71±0.01U/L respectively, were significantly different from the control at p≤0.05. Enhancement on architecture of the heart, kidney and liver tissues occurred after treatment with 500mg/kg of the extract for 21 days in comparison to the control. The significantly improved effects observed on all assayed parameters were expressive that the extract of the aerial parts of Leonurus cardiaca is safe at 500 mg/Kg.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75806563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i5584
A. Akinwumi, O. Oshodi, R. Atanda, O. Ogunsola, S. Ayoola, R. A. Ajani, B. D. Odeleye
Some food spices and herbs with antioxidant properties have been identified as phyto-additives, of which roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), black pepper (Piper nigrum L), and green tea (Camellia sinesis) are important. This study aimed to assess the effect of natural antioxidants and its inclusion levels on performance and meat quality of Noiler chickens. A total of 270 one-day-old noiler chickens were distributed into nine groups, with 3 replicates of 10 birds per replicate. They were fed with basal diet (control 0 g/kg), basal diet + roselle, black pepper, green tea and combine (roselle + black pepper + green tea) at 0.5 g/kg and 1.0g /kg respectively. At the end of twelve (12) weeks, nine birds per treatments were sacrificed, scalded manually and dissected; blood samples were collected for heamatology and serum parameters. Data were also collected on carcass characteristics, primal cuts, internal organ, physical properties, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and organoleptic properties. Data generated were subjected to Analysis of variance using the General Linear Model for factorial within a completely randomized design. The natural antioxidants significantly (p<0.05) influence the carcass characteristics, primal cut and internal organs of the birds. Birds fed green tea had significantly (P<0.05) low cooking loss when compared with treatment groups. There was no significance difference (P>0.05) in WBC, RBC, Hb and Haematocrit of the experimental birds. The serum parameters were also not significantly influenced (P<0.05). The CHO of the birds fed control, roselle and black pepper were significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to birds in other treatments. The birds fed diets with green tea and roselle had significantly (P<0.05) low HDL and birds fed black pepper had reduced level of LDL and MDA when compared to other treatments. Chicken meat from roselle and combine fed chickens has the most accepted flavour with inclusion level at 1.0g/kg compare to other dietary treatment. Meat from all the dietary treatment was generally accepted by the taste panellist. It therefore, means that natural antioxidants most importantly black pepper inclusion in noiler chicken’s feed improved the carcass characteristics and had no deleterious effect and should be included in their feed at 1.0g/kg.
{"title":"Meat Quality of Noiler Chicken as Influenced by Dietary Natural Antioxidants Supplementations","authors":"A. Akinwumi, O. Oshodi, R. Atanda, O. Ogunsola, S. Ayoola, R. A. Ajani, B. D. Odeleye","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i5584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i5584","url":null,"abstract":"Some food spices and herbs with antioxidant properties have been identified as phyto-additives, of which roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), black pepper (Piper nigrum L), and green tea (Camellia sinesis) are important. This study aimed to assess the effect of natural antioxidants and its inclusion levels on performance and meat quality of Noiler chickens. A total of 270 one-day-old noiler chickens were distributed into nine groups, with 3 replicates of 10 birds per replicate. They were fed with basal diet (control 0 g/kg), basal diet + roselle, black pepper, green tea and combine (roselle + black pepper + green tea) at 0.5 g/kg and 1.0g /kg respectively. At the end of twelve (12) weeks, nine birds per treatments were sacrificed, scalded manually and dissected; blood samples were collected for heamatology and serum parameters. Data were also collected on carcass characteristics, primal cuts, internal organ, physical properties, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and organoleptic properties. Data generated were subjected to Analysis of variance using the General Linear Model for factorial within a completely randomized design. The natural antioxidants significantly (p<0.05) influence the carcass characteristics, primal cut and internal organs of the birds. Birds fed green tea had significantly (P<0.05) low cooking loss when compared with treatment groups. There was no significance difference (P>0.05) in WBC, RBC, Hb and Haematocrit of the experimental birds. The serum parameters were also not significantly influenced (P<0.05). The CHO of the birds fed control, roselle and black pepper were significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to birds in other treatments. The birds fed diets with green tea and roselle had significantly (P<0.05) low HDL and birds fed black pepper had reduced level of LDL and MDA when compared to other treatments. Chicken meat from roselle and combine fed chickens has the most accepted flavour with inclusion level at 1.0g/kg compare to other dietary treatment. Meat from all the dietary treatment was generally accepted by the taste panellist. It therefore, means that natural antioxidants most importantly black pepper inclusion in noiler chicken’s feed improved the carcass characteristics and had no deleterious effect and should be included in their feed at 1.0g/kg.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85053113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i5594
A. Akinwumi, A. Odunsi, S. G. Ademola, Z. A. Akanni, R. O. Sulaimon, A. Ogunleye-Johnson, S. Ayoola, K. K. Arasi
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of clove (feed and water grade) on laying performance, egg quality and chemical composition. Two hundred and ten (210) point of lay (18 weeks old) of Isa brown commercial layer birds were randomly allotted after weigh balance into seven treatments of five replicates. Seven Dietary treatments (Diet 1,2,3,4,5,6,7) were established for control, 0.5, 1.0g/kg in feed, 0.5, 1.0g/liter of water, 0.25g/kg and 0.25g/litre, 0.5g/kg and 0.5g/litre of clove powder in feed and water respectively. Egg samples were stored at 4th, 6th and 8th week of the experiments and analyzed at the end of the experiment to have 4, 2 and 0 week(s) of storage. Proximate composition and lipid profile of eggs was chemically and statistically analyzed in a completely randomized design of a factorial arrangement. The results showed that the inclusion of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) increased performance of the layer birds in term of egg production at 0.5g (clove in their water) and 0.5g+0.5g (clove powder in their feed and water) respectively. The result also indicated that internal egg qualities were best at the combination of feed and water (0.5g+0.5g). The interaction effect of storage time and mode of administration of clove on the proximate composition of eggs laid by the birds was best at 0week and 4weeks storage duration. The storage time on lipid profile of eggs laid by birds fed with clove was observed to be best at 4 weeks due to the reduction of cholesterol. In conclusion, the addition of clove in feed and water at 0.5g+0.5g can be best recommended due to the increase in laying performance, egg quality. Also, the proximate composition and lipid profile of eggs stored was best at this level of inclusion.
{"title":"Effect of Clove (Feed and Water Grade) on Layers Performance and Egg Quality","authors":"A. Akinwumi, A. Odunsi, S. G. Ademola, Z. A. Akanni, R. O. Sulaimon, A. Ogunleye-Johnson, S. Ayoola, K. K. Arasi","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i5594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i5594","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of clove (feed and water grade) on laying performance, egg quality and chemical composition. Two hundred and ten (210) point of lay (18 weeks old) of Isa brown commercial layer birds were randomly allotted after weigh balance into seven treatments of five replicates. Seven Dietary treatments (Diet 1,2,3,4,5,6,7) were established for control, 0.5, 1.0g/kg in feed, 0.5, 1.0g/liter of water, 0.25g/kg and 0.25g/litre, 0.5g/kg and 0.5g/litre of clove powder in feed and water respectively. Egg samples were stored at 4th, 6th and 8th week of the experiments and analyzed at the end of the experiment to have 4, 2 and 0 week(s) of storage. Proximate composition and lipid profile of eggs was chemically and statistically analyzed in a completely randomized design of a factorial arrangement. The results showed that the inclusion of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) increased performance of the layer birds in term of egg production at 0.5g (clove in their water) and 0.5g+0.5g (clove powder in their feed and water) respectively. The result also indicated that internal egg qualities were best at the combination of feed and water (0.5g+0.5g). The interaction effect of storage time and mode of administration of clove on the proximate composition of eggs laid by the birds was best at 0week and 4weeks storage duration. The storage time on lipid profile of eggs laid by birds fed with clove was observed to be best at 4 weeks due to the reduction of cholesterol. In conclusion, the addition of clove in feed and water at 0.5g+0.5g can be best recommended due to the increase in laying performance, egg quality. Also, the proximate composition and lipid profile of eggs stored was best at this level of inclusion.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83149370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i530306
C. Ugwu, C. Iwuoha, N. Chika-Igwenyi, C. A. Onyeaghala, S. Orji, C. Igwenyi, C. Uche, O. N. Onyekachi, M. U. Nwobodo, I. Abali, A. I. Airaodion
Background: Cardiovascular disease cases are on the increase despite many standard medical practices. Some disorders have been successfully treated by medicinal plants. Aim: The current study was designed to assess the chemotherapeutic propensity of Parkia biglobosa against potassium bromate-induced cardiotoxicity. Methodology: Using a soxhlet extractor with ethanol as the solvent, P. biglobosa was extracted. Twenty-four mature male Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups A, B, C, and D after being acclimated in the lab. Oral distilled water was administered to Group A. Although groups C and D likewise received 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of P. biglobosa, respectively, the animals in groups B, C, and D received 100 mg/kg body weight of potassium bromate (KBrO3). Rats received daily doses of freshly prepared potassium bromate and P. biglobosa extract by oral gavage. After receiving the therapy for 28 days, the animals were slaughtered 24 hours after the last treatment ended while being lightly sedated with diethyl ether. Through a heart puncture, blood was taken. Additionally, the animals' hearts were removed and homogenized. Standard techniques were used to measure the lipid profile parameters. Results: When compared to the untreated group, the plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, and the CHD risk ratio were significantly higher in the study's animals treated with KBrO3, while HDL and the HDL/LDL ratio were significantly lower. Compared to the control group, administration of KBrO3 significantly decreased cardiac levels of total cholesterol, HDL and HDL/LDL ratio, while increasing levels of triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL, as well as the coronary heart disease (CHD) risk ratio. P. biglobosa attenuated these perturbations in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Potassium bromate caused increase in the levels of triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and a reduction in HDL and HDL/LDL ratio and this effect was found to be attenuated by intake of P. biglobosa. This effect will result in the reduction of CHD risk factors induced by potassium bromate.
{"title":"Chemotherapeutic Propensity of Africa Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Seed on Lipid Profile against Potassium Bromate-induced Cardiotoxicity","authors":"C. Ugwu, C. Iwuoha, N. Chika-Igwenyi, C. A. Onyeaghala, S. Orji, C. Igwenyi, C. Uche, O. N. Onyekachi, M. U. Nwobodo, I. Abali, A. I. Airaodion","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i530306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i530306","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiovascular disease cases are on the increase despite many standard medical practices. Some disorders have been successfully treated by medicinal plants. \u0000Aim: The current study was designed to assess the chemotherapeutic propensity of Parkia biglobosa against potassium bromate-induced cardiotoxicity. \u0000Methodology: Using a soxhlet extractor with ethanol as the solvent, P. biglobosa was extracted. Twenty-four mature male Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups A, B, C, and D after being acclimated in the lab. Oral distilled water was administered to Group A. Although groups C and D likewise received 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of P. biglobosa, respectively, the animals in groups B, C, and D received 100 mg/kg body weight of potassium bromate (KBrO3). Rats received daily doses of freshly prepared potassium bromate and P. biglobosa extract by oral gavage. After receiving the therapy for 28 days, the animals were slaughtered 24 hours after the last treatment ended while being lightly sedated with diethyl ether. Through a heart puncture, blood was taken. Additionally, the animals' hearts were removed and homogenized. Standard techniques were used to measure the lipid profile parameters. \u0000Results: When compared to the untreated group, the plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, and the CHD risk ratio were significantly higher in the study's animals treated with KBrO3, while HDL and the HDL/LDL ratio were significantly lower. Compared to the control group, administration of KBrO3 significantly decreased cardiac levels of total cholesterol, HDL and HDL/LDL ratio, while increasing levels of triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL, as well as the coronary heart disease (CHD) risk ratio. P. biglobosa attenuated these perturbations in a dose-dependent manner. \u0000Conclusion: Potassium bromate caused increase in the levels of triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and a reduction in HDL and HDL/LDL ratio and this effect was found to be attenuated by intake of P. biglobosa. This effect will result in the reduction of CHD risk factors induced by potassium bromate.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83829929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i530305
Jonathan, Nyebuchi, Jeremiah Owubokiri Ngowari, C. Adjekuko, A. Okur, M. I. Jumbo
Inhaling cement dust has been linked to changes in the health integrity of vulnerable groups. This study was focused at evaluating the impact of hourly exposure to cement dust on haemostatic markers in cement workers in Port Harcourt. One hundred subjected working at cement depot and sites were recruited for the study and were divided into three study groups based on hours of exposure to cement dust during work. Group 1 was 27 subjects with 1-5hourly exposure, Group 2 was 62 subjects with 6-10hourly exposure and the last group was Group 3 containing 11 subjects with over 10hours of exposure. Subjects were selected by convenient sampling technique. Blood samples were drawn using venipuncture method and samples were collected into trisodium citrate and plain bottles for PT, APTT, fibrinogen and Von Willebrand factor and D-dimer respectively. PT and APTT were assayed using manual methods but other studied parameters were assayed using ELISA. ANOVA result showed that the mean values of PT level among the classes were 15.58 ±2.11; 16.29 ±4.07 and 16.17 ±2.07 and were not significantly different (p=0.6775). Mean values for APTT level among the classes were 35.09 ±10.06; 32.62 ±9.61 and 33.00 ±12.74 but not significantly different (p=0.5695). VWF level among the classes were 69.62 ±36.89; 64.23 ±31.32 and 71.92 ±16.17 but not significantly different (p=0.6396). D-Dimer level among the classes were 496.60 ±490.00; 457.60 ±409.80 and 519.20 ±357.70 but statistically non-significant (p=0.8661). Fibrinogen level among the classes were 4.74 ±4.63; 5.33 ±4.67 and 6.53 ±6.09 but statistically not significant (p=0.6604). There was no significant difference in haemostatic markers levels among the groups (P-value>0.05). This study has shown that hourly exposure to cement dust does not have any key effect on haemostatic markers of cement workers in Port Harcourt.
{"title":"Impact of Hours of Exposure to Cement on Haemostatic Parameters among Cement Workers","authors":"Jonathan, Nyebuchi, Jeremiah Owubokiri Ngowari, C. Adjekuko, A. Okur, M. I. Jumbo","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i530305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i530305","url":null,"abstract":"Inhaling cement dust has been linked to changes in the health integrity of vulnerable groups. This study was focused at evaluating the impact of hourly exposure to cement dust on haemostatic markers in cement workers in Port Harcourt. One hundred subjected working at cement depot and sites were recruited for the study and were divided into three study groups based on hours of exposure to cement dust during work. Group 1 was 27 subjects with 1-5hourly exposure, Group 2 was 62 subjects with 6-10hourly exposure and the last group was Group 3 containing 11 subjects with over 10hours of exposure. Subjects were selected by convenient sampling technique. Blood samples were drawn using venipuncture method and samples were collected into trisodium citrate and plain bottles for PT, APTT, fibrinogen and Von Willebrand factor and D-dimer respectively. PT and APTT were assayed using manual methods but other studied parameters were assayed using ELISA. ANOVA result showed that the mean values of PT level among the classes were 15.58 ±2.11; 16.29 ±4.07 and 16.17 ±2.07 and were not significantly different (p=0.6775). Mean values for APTT level among the classes were 35.09 ±10.06; 32.62 ±9.61 and 33.00 ±12.74 but not significantly different (p=0.5695). VWF level among the classes were 69.62 ±36.89; 64.23 ±31.32 and 71.92 ±16.17 but not significantly different (p=0.6396). D-Dimer level among the classes were 496.60 ±490.00; 457.60 ±409.80 and 519.20 ±357.70 but statistically non-significant (p=0.8661). Fibrinogen level among the classes were 4.74 ±4.63; 5.33 ±4.67 and 6.53 ±6.09 but statistically not significant (p=0.6604). There was no significant difference in haemostatic markers levels among the groups (P-value>0.05). This study has shown that hourly exposure to cement dust does not have any key effect on haemostatic markers of cement workers in Port Harcourt.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81523055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i530304
D. Félix, C. Ogunka-Nnoka, E. O. Wellington
This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic root extract of Jatropha curcas in acetaminophen-induced toxicity in wistar albino rats. The phytochemical screening and composition were determined using gas chromatography. Thirty albino rats weighing between 170 and 200 g were used, were separated into 5 groups. Group one was administered distilled water, 2 was administered 1000 mg/kg AC only, 3, 4 and 5 were administered 1000 mg/kg acetaminophen + 200 mg/kg extract, 1000 mg/kg acetaminophen + 400 mg/kg extract, 1000 mg/kg AC + 100 mg/kg Silymarin. Phytochemical composition of root of the plant showed saponin (55.7079 µg/g) lunamarine (34.3976 µg/g), kaempferol (32.7107 µg/g), rutin (20.7399 µg/g), sapogenin (11.2644 µg/g), phenol (4.1557 µg/g), anthocyanin (1.1946 µg/g), epicatechin (0.8303 µg/g) and catechin (0.1883 µg/g). The plasma ALP, AST, ALT and GGT activities of the negative control were 151.50±14.11 U/L, 48.00±7.19 U/L, 79.50 ± 2.14 U/L and 3.50± 0.45 U/L respectively. The plasma ALP, AST, ALT and GGT activities of group 3 were 78.50± 4.75 U/L, 23.00± 2.35 U/L, 49.00± 3.65 and 2.95 ± 0.17 U/L respectively, were significantly decreased when compared with the controls. The plasma total protein, albumin and total bilirubin levels of the negative control were 57.00± 0.86 g/l, 32.00 ± 0.86 g/l, 20.35 ± 0.83 µmol. The plasma total protein, albumin and total bilirubin levels of group 3 were 61.50± 2.14 g/l, 33.00± 0.86 g/l 11.15 ± 0.98 µmol respectively and were significantly increased when compared the controls. The significant improvement observed on the liver markers is suggestive of the hepatoprotective properties of Jatropha curcas.
{"title":"Phytochemical Composition and Hepatoprotective Potential of Ethanolic Root Extract of Jatropha curcas in Acetaminophen-Induced Toxicity in Albino Wistar Rats","authors":"D. Félix, C. Ogunka-Nnoka, E. O. Wellington","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i530304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i530304","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic root extract of Jatropha curcas in acetaminophen-induced toxicity in wistar albino rats. The phytochemical screening and composition were determined using gas chromatography. Thirty albino rats weighing between 170 and 200 g were used, were separated into 5 groups. Group one was administered distilled water, 2 was administered 1000 mg/kg AC only, 3, 4 and 5 were administered 1000 mg/kg acetaminophen + 200 mg/kg extract, 1000 mg/kg acetaminophen + 400 mg/kg extract, 1000 mg/kg AC + 100 mg/kg Silymarin. Phytochemical composition of root of the plant showed saponin (55.7079 µg/g) lunamarine (34.3976 µg/g), kaempferol (32.7107 µg/g), rutin (20.7399 µg/g), sapogenin (11.2644 µg/g), phenol (4.1557 µg/g), anthocyanin (1.1946 µg/g), epicatechin (0.8303 µg/g) and catechin (0.1883 µg/g). The plasma ALP, AST, ALT and GGT activities of the negative control were 151.50±14.11 U/L, 48.00±7.19 U/L, 79.50 ± 2.14 U/L and 3.50± 0.45 U/L respectively. The plasma ALP, AST, ALT and GGT activities of group 3 were 78.50± 4.75 U/L, 23.00± 2.35 U/L, 49.00± 3.65 and 2.95 ± 0.17 U/L respectively, were significantly decreased when compared with the controls. The plasma total protein, albumin and total bilirubin levels of the negative control were 57.00± 0.86 g/l, 32.00 ± 0.86 g/l, 20.35 ± 0.83 µmol. The plasma total protein, albumin and total bilirubin levels of group 3 were 61.50± 2.14 g/l, 33.00± 0.86 g/l 11.15 ± 0.98 µmol respectively and were significantly increased when compared the controls. The significant improvement observed on the liver markers is suggestive of the hepatoprotective properties of Jatropha curcas.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88954863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-13DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i530303
A. Darwich, F. Aprile
This research makes a brief review of the limnology of lakes in wetlands in the Western Amazon, associating physical-chemical and morphological aspects to the biodiversity of black-waters lakes and whitewaters lakes. Lakes in these areas can show different patterns of vertical stratification, both in dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature. Furthermore, there are different mixing patterns. These events depend mainly on the way lakes connect to rivers, the time and extent of flooding, as well as the water levels variation. The availability of nutrients, particularly of phosphate, controls the biodiversity of the lakes and it is directly related with the thermal stratification and oxygen level in water column. In general, the most of the Amazon floodplain lakes can be classified as polymictic. Nevertheless, there are lakes of black-waters with trend to meromixy with permanent stratification. Under these conditions, stratification of other limnological variables also occurs, e.g., pH and electrical conductivity. Consequently, black-waters lakes systems with high species richness result in contrast to whitewaters lakes systems with lower species richness and high abundance of specimens.
{"title":"Influence of Limnological Processes and Water Level Variation on the Biodiversity of Brazilian Amazon Lakes: An Ecological Approach","authors":"A. Darwich, F. Aprile","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i530303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i530303","url":null,"abstract":"This research makes a brief review of the limnology of lakes in wetlands in the Western Amazon, associating physical-chemical and morphological aspects to the biodiversity of black-waters lakes and whitewaters lakes. Lakes in these areas can show different patterns of vertical stratification, both in dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature. Furthermore, there are different mixing patterns. These events depend mainly on the way lakes connect to rivers, the time and extent of flooding, as well as the water levels variation. The availability of nutrients, particularly of phosphate, controls the biodiversity of the lakes and it is directly related with the thermal stratification and oxygen level in water column. In general, the most of the Amazon floodplain lakes can be classified as polymictic. Nevertheless, there are lakes of black-waters with trend to meromixy with permanent stratification. Under these conditions, stratification of other limnological variables also occurs, e.g., pH and electrical conductivity. Consequently, black-waters lakes systems with high species richness result in contrast to whitewaters lakes systems with lower species richness and high abundance of specimens.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73112903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i4595
A. Akinwumi, O. Ojebiyi, C. O. Olagoke, O. Olatunji, D. Okunlola, S. Ayoola, B. Olawuyi, R. A. Atandah, T. Y. Adeniji, A. K. Ola, O. Oyolola
The experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of different breed of sheep (West African Dwarf WAD, Ouda, Balami) and three different post-mortem dressing methods (scalding, singeing, and skinning) on the carcass, physical properties, organoleptic properties keeping quality of mutton in a factorial arrangement. Significant differences were recorded for both the strain and processing methods effect on the carcass characteristics and primal cuts. Balami strain of sheep yielded highest significant values (p<0.05) on all the primal cuts except rack and leg cuts which their values are closely related. Highest and lowest significant (p<0.05) values were observed for carcass weight (%) in both scalding (43.12) and singeing (37.90) while similar values (p>0.05) were recorded for Ouda and Balami breeds in cooking loss and cold loss (%) but least significant (p<0.05) value was noticed for Balami in terms of drip loss (4.96). Strain and processing methods does not influence (p>0.05) pH significantly, however significant (p<0.05) values were obtained when pH were observed at intervals (0, 30 and 60 mins). On the organoleptic properties, significant differences (p<0.05) were recorded in both the strain effect and processing methods as Balami and scalding method possess the highest significant (p<0.05) values in colour, juiciness, texture, flavor and overall acceptability except for tenderness that was not influenced (p>0.05) significantly by different post-slaughter dressing methods. total bacteria count (TBC) was reported at lowest significant level for WAD (1.23 x 1018cfu/g) and scalded mutton (1.24 x 1018cfu/g) at 0hr post-mortem however Balami strain and scalding method maintained the least significant (p<0.05) total bacteria count throughout the storage days (>0hrs to 13weeks). Conclusively, Balami breed of sheep and scalding method of post-mortem dressing gave promising and preferred results in all the quality parameters and are hereby advocated.
{"title":"Breeds vs Post-mortem Dressing Methods on Meat Quality and Microbial Assay of Mutton","authors":"A. Akinwumi, O. Ojebiyi, C. O. Olagoke, O. Olatunji, D. Okunlola, S. Ayoola, B. Olawuyi, R. A. Atandah, T. Y. Adeniji, A. K. Ola, O. Oyolola","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i4595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i4595","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of different breed of sheep (West African Dwarf WAD, Ouda, Balami) and three different post-mortem dressing methods (scalding, singeing, and skinning) on the carcass, physical properties, organoleptic properties keeping quality of mutton in a factorial arrangement. Significant differences were recorded for both the strain and processing methods effect on the carcass characteristics and primal cuts. Balami strain of sheep yielded highest significant values (p<0.05) on all the primal cuts except rack and leg cuts which their values are closely related. Highest and lowest significant (p<0.05) values were observed for carcass weight (%) in both scalding (43.12) and singeing (37.90) while similar values (p>0.05) were recorded for Ouda and Balami breeds in cooking loss and cold loss (%) but least significant (p<0.05) value was noticed for Balami in terms of drip loss (4.96). Strain and processing methods does not influence (p>0.05) pH significantly, however significant (p<0.05) values were obtained when pH were observed at intervals (0, 30 and 60 mins). On the organoleptic properties, significant differences (p<0.05) were recorded in both the strain effect and processing methods as Balami and scalding method possess the highest significant (p<0.05) values in colour, juiciness, texture, flavor and overall acceptability except for tenderness that was not influenced (p>0.05) significantly by different post-slaughter dressing methods. total bacteria count (TBC) was reported at lowest significant level for WAD (1.23 x 1018cfu/g) and scalded mutton (1.24 x 1018cfu/g) at 0hr post-mortem however Balami strain and scalding method maintained the least significant (p<0.05) total bacteria count throughout the storage days (>0hrs to 13weeks). Conclusively, Balami breed of sheep and scalding method of post-mortem dressing gave promising and preferred results in all the quality parameters and are hereby advocated.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"321 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76103834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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