A. Akpesse, Celine Nobah Epse Kacou Wodjé, Otchoumou Atcho Roxane Danielle, Ténon Coulibaly, D. Diabate, Thérèse Appoh Perrine Kissi, K. Koua, K. P. Kouassi
This study was conducted at the ENS vivarium located at the UFHB of Cocody in the city of Abidjan in the south of Ivory Coast, with a temperature of about 28° C and a humidity of about 70%. It aimed to study some biological parameters of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens. For achieve this goal, it was a question of studying the different stages of development of the black soldier fly and also studying the evolution of its growth parameters. The flies were captured, kept in an aviary and observed from the fly stage to the end of the pupal stage (emergence of the first flies). Data on the duration of the different stages of development and the evolution of larval growth parameters (average weight, length, width, Fulton index, length/width ratio, survival and mortality rate of larvae) have been taken. This study revealed that the life cycle of Hermetia illucens is between 31 and 43 days, with an incubation time of eggs that lasts 2 days, a larval phase of 14 days, a pupation of 10 days and a duration of adult life of 8 days on average. In addition, this study reports a low mortality rate of larvae (3.45%), larvae much longer (19.46 mm), wider (6 mm) and plumper.
{"title":"Optimization of the production of black soldier flies Hermetia Illucens by controlling biological parameters in Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"A. Akpesse, Celine Nobah Epse Kacou Wodjé, Otchoumou Atcho Roxane Danielle, Ténon Coulibaly, D. Diabate, Thérèse Appoh Perrine Kissi, K. Koua, K. P. Kouassi","doi":"10.24297/jab.v15i.9274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jab.v15i.9274","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted at the ENS vivarium located at the UFHB of Cocody in the city of Abidjan in the south of Ivory Coast, with a temperature of about 28° C and a humidity of about 70%. It aimed to study some biological parameters of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens. For achieve this goal, it was a question of studying the different stages of development of the black soldier fly and also studying the evolution of its growth parameters. The flies were captured, kept in an aviary and observed from the fly stage to the end of the pupal stage (emergence of the first flies). Data on the duration of the different stages of development and the evolution of larval growth parameters (average weight, length, width, Fulton index, length/width ratio, survival and mortality rate of larvae) have been taken. This study revealed that the life cycle of Hermetia illucens is between 31 and 43 days, with an incubation time of eggs that lasts 2 days, a larval phase of 14 days, a pupation of 10 days and a duration of adult life of 8 days on average. In addition, this study reports a low mortality rate of larvae (3.45%), larvae much longer (19.46 mm), wider (6 mm) and plumper. ","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82553909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arnaud Agbidinoukoun, Euloge Rimson Somakpe, Jerome Anani Houngue, S. Houédjissin, C. Ahanhanzo
The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera L.) is a fruit plant that contributes significantly to improved nutrition, food security, job creation, and household income in Benin. However, its production is suffering from the unavailability of certified seedlings. The present work aimed to optimize the propagation of coconut trees through the somatic embryogenesis technique. Zygotic embryos were cultured in vitro on Y3 medium supplemented with 0.7% Agar; 2.5 g/l activated charcoal, 5% sucrose to obtain haustorium, and the radicle explants for somatic embryogenesis. Three months after, callus and somatic embryos were induced from haustorium and radicle on medium Y3 supplemented with different doses of 2,4-D (0.3 and 0.35 mM) and coconut water (0, 50, 100 and 150 ml/l). 80% of callus was induced of induced with haustorium explant on Y3 medium supplemented with 0.7 mM 2,4-D. The combination of 2,4-D and coconut water resulted in the highest average number of somatic embryos with 59 and 63 embryos obtained respectively on Y3 medium enriched with 150 ml/l coconut water and supplemented with 0.3 mM and 0.35 mM 2,4-D. Using haustorium explant for mass propagation through somatic embryogenesis remains an exploring way for in vitro seedling of coconuts.
椰子树(Cocos nucifera L.)是一种果树，对改善贝宁的营养、粮食安全、创造就业机会和家庭收入做出了重大贡献。然而，由于无法获得经过认证的幼苗，其生产受到了影响。本研究旨在利用体细胞胚胎发生技术优化椰子树的繁殖。合子胚在添加0.7%琼脂的Y3培养基上体外培养;2.5 g/l活性炭，5%蔗糖获得吸器，胚根外植体进行体细胞胚发生。3个月后，在添加不同剂量2,4- d(0.3和0.35 mM)和椰子水(0、50、100和150 ml/l)的培养基Y3上，吸器和胚根诱导出愈伤组织和体胚。吸器外植体在添加0.7 mM 2,4- d的Y3培养基上的愈伤组织诱导率为80%。在添加150 ml/l椰子水、添加0.3 mM和0.35 mM 2,4- d的Y3培养基上，2,4- d和椰子水的组合得到的体细胞胚数最高，分别为59个和63个。利用吸器外植体通过体细胞胚发生进行大量繁殖仍然是椰子离体苗的探索途径。
{"title":"Response of haustorium tissues and coconut water in somatic embryos induction for the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) variety PB121","authors":"Arnaud Agbidinoukoun, Euloge Rimson Somakpe, Jerome Anani Houngue, S. Houédjissin, C. Ahanhanzo","doi":"10.24297/jbt.v10i.9195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v10i.9195","url":null,"abstract":"The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera L.) is a fruit plant that contributes significantly to improved nutrition, food security, job creation, and household income in Benin. However, its production is suffering from the unavailability of certified seedlings. The present work aimed to optimize the propagation of coconut trees through the somatic embryogenesis technique. Zygotic embryos were cultured in vitro on Y3 medium supplemented with 0.7% Agar; 2.5 g/l activated charcoal, 5% sucrose to obtain haustorium, and the radicle explants for somatic embryogenesis. Three months after, callus and somatic embryos were induced from haustorium and radicle on medium Y3 supplemented with different doses of 2,4-D (0.3 and 0.35 mM) and coconut water (0, 50, 100 and 150 ml/l). 80% of callus was induced of induced with haustorium explant on Y3 medium supplemented with 0.7 mM 2,4-D. The combination of 2,4-D and coconut water resulted in the highest average number of somatic embryos with 59 and 63 embryos obtained respectively on Y3 medium enriched with 150 ml/l coconut water and supplemented with 0.3 mM and 0.35 mM 2,4-D. Using haustorium explant for mass propagation through somatic embryogenesis remains an exploring way for in vitro seedling of coconuts.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81193477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tsygankova V. A, Voloshchuk I.V, Andrusevich Ya.V., Kopich V. M, Pilyo S. G, Klyuchko S. V, Kachaeva M. V
Wheat is one of the economically important cereals that are widely used in the agricultural sector of many countries. A very important issue is the development of new effective growth regulators to improve the growth and development of this crop in order to increase its productivity. In our investigations the regulating activity of the synthetic low molecular weight heterocyclic compounds, pyrimidine derivatives on growth and development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Tyra was studied. It was found that the use of pyrimidine derivatives in a concentration of 10-7M in water solution revealed a positive effect on the growth and development of both shoot and root systems of wheat plants during the vegetation period. Comparative analysis of the growth regulating activity of synthetic compounds showed that the activity of pyrimidine derivatives was differentiated and depended on substituents in their chemical structure. The application of pyrimidine derivatives as new effective regulators of growth and development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Tyra was proposed.
{"title":"Pyrimidine Derivatives As Analogues Of Plant Hormones For Intensification Of Wheat Growth During The Vegetation Period","authors":"Tsygankova V. A, Voloshchuk I.V, Andrusevich Ya.V., Kopich V. M, Pilyo S. G, Klyuchko S. V, Kachaeva M. V","doi":"10.24297/jab.v15i.9237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jab.v15i.9237","url":null,"abstract":" Wheat is one of the economically important cereals that are widely used in the agricultural sector of many countries. A very important issue is the development of new effective growth regulators to improve the growth and development of this crop in order to increase its productivity. In our investigations the regulating activity of the synthetic low molecular weight heterocyclic compounds, pyrimidine derivatives on growth and development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Tyra was studied. It was found that the use of pyrimidine derivatives in a concentration of 10-7M in water solution revealed a positive effect on the growth and development of both shoot and root systems of wheat plants during the vegetation period. Comparative analysis of the growth regulating activity of synthetic compounds showed that the activity of pyrimidine derivatives was differentiated and depended on substituents in their chemical structure. The application of pyrimidine derivatives as new effective regulators of growth and development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Tyra was proposed.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85217315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultivation of the oyster mushroom on horse manure and wheat straw compost without nutrient supplementation was investigated. The growing, yield and fruiting body size effects on open trays and substrate bags were determined. Incubation and fruiting period on trays and inoculated bags were compared. The bagged compost yielded higher mushroom growth rate and yield than the tray compost. The fruiting bodies of the mushroom on trays were smaller, pile and thinner as compared to the mushrooms on the bags, which were bigger, fresh and strong. However, it was found that when oyster mushroom are grown on trays, the yield decrease, there is less moisture in the tray and substrate is exposed to heat, the pin head dries as they develop and those that succeed to grown further will grow as thin with a little head due to lack of oxygen. Comparing compost in bags with compost substrate in trays, bags yielded about 20% more mushrooms than trays under the same cultivation conditions. Conversely, the incubation period of compost in bags took longer, as compared to the incubation of compost in trays. Trays gave their first flash 10% earlier than the bags.
{"title":"Comparative study on oyster mushroom grown on composited substrate: The effect on yield, growing period and fruiting body size","authors":"Fimanekeni Ndaitavela Shivute","doi":"10.24297/jbt.v10i.9212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v10i.9212","url":null,"abstract":"Cultivation of the oyster mushroom on horse manure and wheat straw compost without nutrient supplementation was investigated. The growing, yield and fruiting body size effects on open trays and substrate bags were determined. Incubation and fruiting period on trays and inoculated bags were compared. The bagged compost yielded higher mushroom growth rate and yield than the tray compost. The fruiting bodies of the mushroom on trays were smaller, pile and thinner as compared to the mushrooms on the bags, which were bigger, fresh and strong. However, it was found that when oyster mushroom are grown on trays, the yield decrease, there is less moisture in the tray and substrate is exposed to heat, the pin head dries as they develop and those that succeed to grown further will grow as thin with a little head due to lack of oxygen. Comparing compost in bags with compost substrate in trays, bags yielded about 20% more mushrooms than trays under the same cultivation conditions. Conversely, the incubation period of compost in bags took longer, as compared to the incubation of compost in trays. Trays gave their first flash 10% earlier than the bags.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"1934 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91116736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230257
N. Edu, E. Ekerette, P. Adah
This survey was carried out to evaluate the perception of the people of Cross River State on genetically modified products (GMPs). The survey was carried out in four local government areas of Cross River State (Odukpani, Calabar Municipality, Calabar South and Akpabuyo) with 1000 respondents in each local government area giving a total of 4000 respondents. Data obtained from the questionnaire shared to the respondents were carefully collated and presented in simple percentages for ease of understanding. The demographic data showed that there were more males in the study (51.2%) than females (48.80%). Majority of the respondents were aged 25-35 years (46%). Most respondents had tertiary education (65.25%) and were majorly civil servants (27%) and businessmen (22.25%). A greater percentage of the respondents (63.75%) never heard of GMPs prior to this research. It was grossly observed that most of the respondents had various fears and concerns about GMPs. However, 58.5% agreed that the adoption of biotechnological principles in agriculture will increase productivity. In clear terms, we are still far behind in consumer knowledge of GMPs and there is need for more robust efforts in bringing this great technology to the minds of the consumers.
{"title":"Public Perception on Genetically Modified Products: A Case Study of Four Local Government Areas in Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"N. Edu, E. Ekerette, P. Adah","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230257","url":null,"abstract":"This survey was carried out to evaluate the perception of the people of Cross River State on genetically modified products (GMPs). The survey was carried out in four local government areas of Cross River State (Odukpani, Calabar Municipality, Calabar South and Akpabuyo) with 1000 respondents in each local government area giving a total of 4000 respondents. Data obtained from the questionnaire shared to the respondents were carefully collated and presented in simple percentages for ease of understanding. The demographic data showed that there were more males in the study (51.2%) than females (48.80%). Majority of the respondents were aged 25-35 years (46%). Most respondents had tertiary education (65.25%) and were majorly civil servants (27%) and businessmen (22.25%). A greater percentage of the respondents (63.75%) never heard of GMPs prior to this research. It was grossly observed that most of the respondents had various fears and concerns about GMPs. However, 58.5% agreed that the adoption of biotechnological principles in agriculture will increase productivity. In clear terms, we are still far behind in consumer knowledge of GMPs and there is need for more robust efforts in bringing this great technology to the minds of the consumers.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87648407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230256
Geeta N. Lodhi, A. Nayak
Chemistry or Medicinal chemistry is a discipline at the Interchange ofchemistry and pharmacology engaged with designing, methodize andcreating drug chalcones is a conventional term given tointensifies bearing the (E)- 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one, which can befunctionlized in the propane chain by the presence of olefinic, keto as well ashydroxyl group.Chalcones are a significant class of regular items and are considered as the forerunners of flavonoids and isoflavonoids. Synthetically, is (E)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one in which two aromatic ring rings are joined by a three carbon bond having a carbonyl moiety and and α, β unsaturation. The compounds with the backbone of chalcones have been accounted for to have different pharmacological activities for example, antimicrobial, anti- inflammatory, analgesic, anti-platelet, anti-ulcerative, antimalarial, anticancer, antiviral, anti-leishmanial, antioxidant, antitubercular, anti-hyperglycemic, immunomodulatory, inhibition of chemical mediators release, inhibition of leukotriene B4, inhibition of tyrosinase and inhibition of aldose reductase activities. This paper mainly focuses on chalcones synthesized by Claisen Schmidt condensation which involves the condensation between an aromatic aldehyde or ketone with an aliphatic ketone or aldehyde catalysed by the presence of dilute alkali or acid to form alpha beta unsaturated compound. through reviewing different biological significance of chalcones andtheir derivatives have been reported along with their antibacterial movement against, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive) and Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris (gram-negative). The antiinflammatory action of the sixteen chalcones has been assessed byutilizing carrageenan-actuated rodent paw oedema strategy.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Chalcones and Its Derivatives for Antibacterial and Anti Inflammatory Activity","authors":"Geeta N. Lodhi, A. Nayak","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230256","url":null,"abstract":"Chemistry or Medicinal chemistry is a discipline at the Interchange ofchemistry and pharmacology engaged with designing, methodize andcreating drug chalcones is a conventional term given tointensifies bearing the (E)- 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one, which can befunctionlized in the propane chain by the presence of olefinic, keto as well ashydroxyl group.Chalcones are a significant class of regular items and are considered as the forerunners of flavonoids and isoflavonoids. Synthetically, is (E)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one in which two aromatic ring rings are joined by a three carbon bond having a carbonyl moiety and and α, β unsaturation. The compounds with the backbone of chalcones have been accounted for to have different pharmacological activities for example, antimicrobial, anti- inflammatory, analgesic, anti-platelet, anti-ulcerative, antimalarial, anticancer, antiviral, anti-leishmanial, antioxidant, antitubercular, anti-hyperglycemic, immunomodulatory, inhibition of chemical mediators release, inhibition of leukotriene B4, inhibition of tyrosinase and inhibition of aldose reductase activities. This paper mainly focuses on chalcones synthesized by Claisen Schmidt condensation which involves the condensation between an aromatic aldehyde or ketone with an aliphatic ketone or aldehyde catalysed by the presence of dilute alkali or acid to form alpha beta unsaturated compound. through reviewing different biological significance of chalcones andtheir derivatives have been reported along with their antibacterial movement against, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive) and Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris (gram-negative). The antiinflammatory action of the sixteen chalcones has been assessed byutilizing carrageenan-actuated rodent paw oedema strategy.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84408589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Visually, the obvious characteristic of banana ripening is the progressive change of the epicarp from green to yellow according to several stages whose importance contributes to extend the total duration of the process. The present study was carried out with the aim of prolonging the ripening time of bananas while following the behavior of the physiological parameters related to this process. To achieve this objective, after treatment of bananas with calcium chloride, several parameters were evaluated. These were ripening rate, firmness, water content, soluble solids content and pigment content in the peel. Secondly, the evolution of antioxidant parameters such as: lycopenes and β-carotenes in the pulp; total phenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid contents in the peel and pulp have been assessed. As a result of these analyses, it appeared that the best shelf life was obtained with bananas treated with tween 80 at 2 and 4% Cl2Ca. The lowest bananas shelf lives were recorded in 6 and 8% Cl2Ca and in the control. Similarly, the low loss of firmness, low accumulation of total soluble solids, low increase in water content in the pulp were found in the 2 and 4% Cl2Ca tween 80 treatments. The change in chlorophyll went in a decreasing direction during storage, but almost similarly in all treatments. The increase in lycopene content was effective during this time in a less rapid manner in the 2 and 4% calcium chloride treatments. Variations in β-carotenes, total phenols, and ascorbic acid were also increased throughout the storage period. However, at the end, it was difficult to correlate their evolution to any concentration of calcium chloride used for banana processing. It is also this lack of influence of calcium chloride as a treatment on the significant decrease of flavonoids in the pulp and not significant in the peel that was observed. Furthermore, the contents of the compounds measured in the peel and the pulp were lower in the pulp. It is thus with the bananas treated with tween 80 to 2 and 4% of calcium chloride that the majority of the parameters were influenced in favour of the preservation of bananas.
{"title":"Evolution of Bioactive Compounds during Storage of Poyo Bananas after Treatment with Calcium Chloride","authors":"Tafre-Phounzong Eugene, Aghofack-Nguemezi Jean, Braogue-Doumdi Roger, Ovaric Jarvin Kouete, Robin Donjio Tsague, Claurence Nkumbe Ndille","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230255","url":null,"abstract":"Visually, the obvious characteristic of banana ripening is the progressive change of the epicarp from green to yellow according to several stages whose importance contributes to extend the total duration of the process. The present study was carried out with the aim of prolonging the ripening time of bananas while following the behavior of the physiological parameters related to this process. To achieve this objective, after treatment of bananas with calcium chloride, several parameters were evaluated. These were ripening rate, firmness, water content, soluble solids content and pigment content in the peel. Secondly, the evolution of antioxidant parameters such as: lycopenes and β-carotenes in the pulp; total phenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid contents in the peel and pulp have been assessed. As a result of these analyses, it appeared that the best shelf life was obtained with bananas treated with tween 80 at 2 and 4% Cl2Ca. The lowest bananas shelf lives were recorded in 6 and 8% Cl2Ca and in the control. Similarly, the low loss of firmness, low accumulation of total soluble solids, low increase in water content in the pulp were found in the 2 and 4% Cl2Ca tween 80 treatments. The change in chlorophyll went in a decreasing direction during storage, but almost similarly in all treatments. The increase in lycopene content was effective during this time in a less rapid manner in the 2 and 4% calcium chloride treatments. Variations in β-carotenes, total phenols, and ascorbic acid were also increased throughout the storage period. However, at the end, it was difficult to correlate their evolution to any concentration of calcium chloride used for banana processing. It is also this lack of influence of calcium chloride as a treatment on the significant decrease of flavonoids in the pulp and not significant in the peel that was observed. Furthermore, the contents of the compounds measured in the peel and the pulp were lower in the pulp. It is thus with the bananas treated with tween 80 to 2 and 4% of calcium chloride that the majority of the parameters were influenced in favour of the preservation of bananas.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91283862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: Purification and characterization of xylanase by Aspergillus terreus isolated from elephant dung. Study Design: Xylanase enzyme produced by A. terreus was extracted from the fermented solid medium using solid state fermentation and purified using chromatographic techniques. The purified enzyme was characterized for physio-chemical and kinetic properties. Place and Duration of Study: Experiments were performed at the School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, INDIA and Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sciences, Indore, INDIA, between June, 2019 and September, 2021. Methodology: The enzyme was extracted and purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography using DEAE cellulose and gel filtration chromatography (GFC) using Sephadex G-200. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was determined using native poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The purified enzyme was characterized to determine pH and temperature optima. Thermostability, pH stability and substrate kinetics were studied for purified xylanase. Effect of several metal ions and detergents were also studied. Results: The alkali-thermo xylanase of Aspergillus terreus was purified to 14.6-fold with a 39.48% recovery through IEC on DEAE-cellulose and GFC using Sephadex G-200. The purified enzyme had a specific activity, 111.6 U/mg. The SDS-PAGE revealed that the enzyme was monomeric with a molecular weight of 87 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature were 8 and 60⁰C, respectively. The Km and Vmax values of the partially purified xylanase were found to be 0.016 mg/l and 102.64 U/mg protein, respectively with birch wood xylan as substrate. Conclusion: The enzyme was active over a wide pH range of 6-11 and temperature range of 40⁰C to 80ºC, indicating its alkali tolerant and thermostable characteristics which is the requirement of different industries. Several ions namely Zn2+ enhanced xylanase activity by 187% followed by Ca2+ (129%), Mg2+ (123%), NH4+ (146%) and Fe3+ (118%) at 10 mM concentration. However, Cu2+ and Hg2+ completely inhibited xylanase activity. This research provides the basis for application of xylanase and improves its biotechnological potential in mainly in paper pulp industry, biofuel generation and in bread baking.
{"title":"Purification and Characterization of Thermostable Alkaline Xylanase by Aspergillus terreus from Elephant Dung","authors":"Richa Nenava, Sadhana Nighojkar, Mukesh Patidar, Anil Kumar, Anand Nighojkar","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1230254","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Purification and characterization of xylanase by Aspergillus terreus isolated from elephant dung. \u0000Study Design: Xylanase enzyme produced by A. terreus was extracted from the fermented solid medium using solid state fermentation and purified using chromatographic techniques. The purified enzyme was characterized for physio-chemical and kinetic properties. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Experiments were performed at the School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, INDIA and Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sciences, Indore, INDIA, between June, 2019 and September, 2021. \u0000Methodology: The enzyme was extracted and purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography using DEAE cellulose and gel filtration chromatography (GFC) using Sephadex G-200. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was determined using native poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The purified enzyme was characterized to determine pH and temperature optima. Thermostability, pH stability and substrate kinetics were studied for purified xylanase. Effect of several metal ions and detergents were also studied. \u0000Results: The alkali-thermo xylanase of Aspergillus terreus was purified to 14.6-fold with a 39.48% recovery through IEC on DEAE-cellulose and GFC using Sephadex G-200. The purified enzyme had a specific activity, 111.6 U/mg. The SDS-PAGE revealed that the enzyme was monomeric with a molecular weight of 87 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature were 8 and 60⁰C, respectively. The Km and Vmax values of the partially purified xylanase were found to be 0.016 mg/l and 102.64 U/mg protein, respectively with birch wood xylan as substrate. \u0000Conclusion: The enzyme was active over a wide pH range of 6-11 and temperature range of 40⁰C to 80ºC, indicating its alkali tolerant and thermostable characteristics which is the requirement of different industries. Several ions namely Zn2+ enhanced xylanase activity by 187% followed by Ca2+ (129%), Mg2+ (123%), NH4+ (146%) and Fe3+ (118%) at 10 mM concentration. However, Cu2+ and Hg2+ completely inhibited xylanase activity. This research provides the basis for application of xylanase and improves its biotechnological potential in mainly in paper pulp industry, biofuel generation and in bread baking.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74468198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1130253
Gladys Oluwafisayo Adenikinju, D. Arotupin, Kehinde Olusayo Awojobi
The bio-catalytic enzyme potential of microbial consortium in selected agrowastes was evaluated in this study. Bio-wastes possess renewable resources of biomass and represents potentially-valuable sources due to their low cost, environmental friendly and sustainable nature. The isolation, enumeration and biochemistry of bacteria and fungi from agrowastes were conducted via standard microbiological techniques. Screening of agrowaste substrates for enzyme synthesis was conducted via plate assay method. Potato peels had the highest bacterial count of 3.85×104 CFU/ml as maize husk had the highest fungal load of 6.55×104 SFU/ml while wheat shaft had the lowest fungal load of 1.5×104 SFU/ml. Acinetobacter baumanii, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium were among bacterial consortium significantly enumerated. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutins, Candida albicans and Geotrichum candidum were yeasts characterized from the fermented agrowastes while Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, A. flavus constitute some of the mould consortium enumerated. Amylase and cellulase content of the agrowaste substrates increased after fermentation while protease and pectinase content of all the agrowastes remained unchanged after the fermentation process. Acinetobacter baumanii, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. subtilis and G. candidum were positive for amylase, protease, cellulase and pectinase production. Penicillium chrysogenum and Microsporum canis were negative for the enzyme production. The findings of this study demonstrated the enzymatic-production potential of Bacillus species associated with agrowastes because they exhibited higher enzyme production.
{"title":"Microbial Profile and Detection of Bio-catalytic Enzymes from Bacterial Derivatives in Selected Agrowastes","authors":"Gladys Oluwafisayo Adenikinju, D. Arotupin, Kehinde Olusayo Awojobi","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1130253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1130253","url":null,"abstract":"The bio-catalytic enzyme potential of microbial consortium in selected agrowastes was evaluated in this study. Bio-wastes possess renewable resources of biomass and represents potentially-valuable sources due to their low cost, environmental friendly and sustainable nature. The isolation, enumeration and biochemistry of bacteria and fungi from agrowastes were conducted via standard microbiological techniques. Screening of agrowaste substrates for enzyme synthesis was conducted via plate assay method. Potato peels had the highest bacterial count of 3.85×104 CFU/ml as maize husk had the highest fungal load of 6.55×104 SFU/ml while wheat shaft had the lowest fungal load of 1.5×104 SFU/ml. Acinetobacter baumanii, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium were among bacterial consortium significantly enumerated. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutins, Candida albicans and Geotrichum candidum were yeasts characterized from the fermented agrowastes while Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, A. flavus constitute some of the mould consortium enumerated. Amylase and cellulase content of the agrowaste substrates increased after fermentation while protease and pectinase content of all the agrowastes remained unchanged after the fermentation process. Acinetobacter baumanii, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. subtilis and G. candidum were positive for amylase, protease, cellulase and pectinase production. Penicillium chrysogenum and Microsporum canis were negative for the enzyme production. The findings of this study demonstrated the enzymatic-production potential of Bacillus species associated with agrowastes because they exhibited higher enzyme production.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85510542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-18DOI: 10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1130250
B. Baranu, C. Ogugbue, Gideon C. Okpokwasilli
This study identified the efficacy of different amendments as biostimulants in bioremediation. This experiment was carried out for 4 weeks in the laboratory. One kilogram of pristine soil was spiked with one liter of crude oil in earthen pots, to each pot 10 grams of amendments were added and mixed thoroughly. The amendments used were poultry dropping (C-PD), cow dung (D-CD), N.P.K (E), and a control (A and B) setup undergoing natural attenuation. The microcosms’ initial physicochemical characteristics such as total organic nitrogen, pH, temperature, total organic carbon, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), and polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The microbial enumeration was done for total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB). The molecular characterization of the pristine soil (A) and contaminated soil (B) was also done using the shotgun analysis. The THB of A and B was 1.3 x 107 and 2.1 x 102 while the HUB was 1.63 x 105 and 1.1 x 101on day 1 respectively. The THB of treatments during bioremediation at week 2 was 1.75 x 108, 1.89 x 108, 1.5 x 108 and 2.2 x 108 while at week 4, the THB was 1.90 x 108, 2.1 x 108, 2.20 x 108 and 2.25 x 108 while the HUB at week 2 was 1.20 x 105, 3.0 x 105, 2.5 x 105 and 1.98 x 105 while at week 4, the HUB was 2.0 x 106, 2.19 x 106, 2.46 x 106 and 2.1 x 106 for B, PD, CD ,and N.P.K respectively. The molecular characterization of A and B showed there was a higher microbial diversity in the contaminated soil than in the pristine soil. This study has shown that cow dung is more effective in the bioremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbon, and polyaromatic hydrocarbon in crude oil-contaminated soil.
本研究确定了不同的修正剂作为生物刺激剂在生物修复中的功效。本实验在实验室进行了4周。在一公斤原始土壤中加入一升原油，放入陶罐中，每个陶罐中加入10克改良剂并彻底混合。使用的改进剂为禽粪(C-PD)、牛粪(D-CD)、N.P.K (E)和自然衰减的对照(a和B)设置。微观世界的初始物理化学特征，如总有机氮、pH、温度、总有机碳、总石油烃(TPH)和多芳烃(PAH)。对总异养菌(THB)和烃类利用菌(HUB)进行微生物计数。采用散弹枪分析对原始土壤(A)和污染土壤(B)进行了分子表征。第1天，A和B的THB分别为1.3 × 107和2.1 × 102, HUB分别为1.63 × 105和1.1 × 101。治疗的有生物修复在一周2是1.75×108,1.89 x 108, 1.5 x 108和2.2 x 108在周4,有1.90 x 108, 2.1 x 108, 2.20 x 108和2.25 x 108而中心在星期2是1.20×105,3.0 x 105, 2.5 x 105和1.98 x 105在周4,中心为2.0×106,2.19 x 106, 2.46 x 106和2.1 x 106 B, PD, CD, N.P.K分别。A和B的分子特征表明，污染土壤中的微生物多样性高于未污染土壤。研究表明，牛粪对原油污染土壤中总烃和多芳烃的生物修复效果较好。
{"title":"Efficacy of Amendments in TPH Removal during Bioremediation of Agricultural Crude Oil-polluted Soil","authors":"B. Baranu, C. Ogugbue, Gideon C. Okpokwasilli","doi":"10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1130250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1130250","url":null,"abstract":"This study identified the efficacy of different amendments as biostimulants in bioremediation. This experiment was carried out for 4 weeks in the laboratory. One kilogram of pristine soil was spiked with one liter of crude oil in earthen pots, to each pot 10 grams of amendments were added and mixed thoroughly. The amendments used were poultry dropping (C-PD), cow dung (D-CD), N.P.K (E), and a control (A and B) setup undergoing natural attenuation. The microcosms’ initial physicochemical characteristics such as total organic nitrogen, pH, temperature, total organic carbon, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), and polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The microbial enumeration was done for total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB). The molecular characterization of the pristine soil (A) and contaminated soil (B) was also done using the shotgun analysis. The THB of A and B was 1.3 x 107 and 2.1 x 102 while the HUB was 1.63 x 105 and 1.1 x 101on day 1 respectively. The THB of treatments during bioremediation at week 2 was 1.75 x 108, 1.89 x 108, 1.5 x 108 and 2.2 x 108 while at week 4, the THB was 1.90 x 108, 2.1 x 108, 2.20 x 108 and 2.25 x 108 while the HUB at week 2 was 1.20 x 105, 3.0 x 105, 2.5 x 105 and 1.98 x 105 while at week 4, the HUB was 2.0 x 106, 2.19 x 106, 2.46 x 106 and 2.1 x 106 for B, PD, CD ,and N.P.K respectively. The molecular characterization of A and B showed there was a higher microbial diversity in the contaminated soil than in the pristine soil. This study has shown that cow dung is more effective in the bioremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbon, and polyaromatic hydrocarbon in crude oil-contaminated soil.","PeriodicalId":15023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72631956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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