Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-71-78
V. Y. Yurchinskii, L. M. Erofeeva, O. A. Shisterova
The aim of the study was to identify the features of the morphofunctional organization of the thymus of human fetuses based on a quantitative assessment of subpopulations of T-lymphocytes with the CD4+ and CD8+ phenotype. Material and methods. The material for the study was the thymus of stillborn children (n=16) aged 35-40 weeks who died as a result of asphyxia, the cause of which was not established. All sectional material was carefully selected according to the anamnesis in order to exclude causes that could affect the structure of the thymus The study was carried out using standard methods of light microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry. The following characteristics of the thymus were studied: corticomedullary and mitotic indices, the numerical density of thymocytes in the cortex and medulla, the relative area occupied by the blood-stream, fibrous connective, adipose, and lymphoid tissues on a section of the thymus lobes. The relative number of thymic bodies, as well as the quantitative ratio of thymocytes with the immunophenotypes of cytotoxic (CD8+) and helper cells (CD4+) were identified. Results. In the thymus of human fetuses, the values of the corticomedullary and mitotic indices were 4.8±0.63 and 2.69±0.36%, respectively. Young thymic corpuscles (TT I) quantitatively predominate over mature (TT II) and aging corpuscles (TT III), 1.5 and 3 times, respectively. A histological section of the thymus did not reveal fatty degeneration; the relative amount of fibrous connective tissue was 5.22 (3.8464; 5.6330)%. The cortical-cerebral boundary had clear outlines. T lymphocytes, together with cells of the epithelial microenvironment, occupied more than 90% of the area of the histological section. In the thymus cortex, a high numerical density of thymocytes was found (679.95±46.9), among which cells expressing the CD8+ coreceptor on the surface of the membrane predominated (72.64±5.05%). In the medulla, the number of T-lymphocytes with CD4+ and CD8+ phenotypes was the same (28.81±4.37% and 26.10±5.61%, respectively), the numerical density of thymocytes was 403.61±28.9 cells. Conclusion. The state of the thymus gland in human fetuses at 35–40 weeks of the fetal period indicates a high level of its functional activity. The absence of noticeable signs of accidental involution of the thymus indicates that asphyxia, not aggravated by infectious influences, and also not accompanied by developmental anomalies, due to its transience, does not have a significant effect on the morphology of the thymus and its functions. The quantitative ratio of thymocyte subpopulations with the CD8+ and CD4+ phenotype may indicate different rates of migration of these cells to the periphery, or indicate a different nature of the interaction of developing T lymphocytes with epithelial cells carrying MHC class I and II complexes.
本研究旨在通过对具有 CD4+ 和 CD8+ 表型的 T 淋巴细胞亚群进行定量评估，确定人类胎儿胸腺形态功能组织的特征。材料和方法研究材料是因窒息而死亡的 35-40 周龄死胎（16 个）的胸腺，死因尚未确定。所有切片材料都是根据病史仔细挑选的，以排除可能影响胸腺结构的原因。研究了胸腺的以下特征：皮质髓质和有丝分裂指数，皮质和髓质中胸腺细胞的数量密度，胸腺叶切片上血流、纤维结缔组织、脂肪组织和淋巴组织所占的相对面积。还确定了胸腺体的相对数量，以及胸腺细胞中细胞毒性细胞（CD8+）和辅助细胞（CD4+）免疫分型的数量比。结果人类胎儿胸腺的皮质髓质指数和有丝分裂指数分别为 4.8±0.63% 和 2.69±0.36%。年轻胸腺细胞（TT I）在数量上比成熟细胞（TT II）和衰老细胞（TT III）多 1.5 倍和 3 倍。胸腺组织学切片未发现脂肪变性；纤维结缔组织的相对数量为 5.22 (3.8464; 5.6330)%。皮质-大脑边界轮廓清晰。T淋巴细胞与上皮微环境细胞一起占据了组织切片面积的90%以上。在胸腺皮质，胸腺细胞的数量密度很高（679.95±46.9），其中膜表面表达 CD8+ 核心受体的细胞占多数（72.64±5.05%）。在髓质中，CD4+和CD8+表型的T淋巴细胞数量相同（分别为28.81±4.37%和26.10±5.61%），胸腺细胞的数量密度为403.61±28.9个细胞。结论人类胎儿在胎儿期 35-40 周时的胸腺状态表明其功能活动处于较高水平。没有明显的胸腺意外萎缩迹象表明，窒息不会因感染影响而加重，也不会伴随发育异常，因为窒息的短暂性不会对胸腺的形态和功能产生显著影响。具有 CD8+ 和 CD4+ 表型的胸腺细胞亚群的数量比可能表明这些细胞向外周迁移的速度不同，或表明发育中的 T 淋巴细胞与携带 MHC I 类和 II 类复合物的上皮细胞相互作用的性质不同。
{"title":"Morphofunctional organization of the thymus of human fetuses in the late stages of the fetal period","authors":"V. Y. Yurchinskii, L. M. Erofeeva, O. A. Shisterova","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-71-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-71-78","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to identify the features of the morphofunctional organization of the thymus of human fetuses based on a quantitative assessment of subpopulations of T-lymphocytes with the CD4+ and CD8+ phenotype. Material and methods. The material for the study was the thymus of stillborn children (n=16) aged 35-40 weeks who died as a result of asphyxia, the cause of which was not established. All sectional material was carefully selected according to the anamnesis in order to exclude causes that could affect the structure of the thymus The study was carried out using standard methods of light microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry. The following characteristics of the thymus were studied: corticomedullary and mitotic indices, the numerical density of thymocytes in the cortex and medulla, the relative area occupied by the blood-stream, fibrous connective, adipose, and lymphoid tissues on a section of the thymus lobes. The relative number of thymic bodies, as well as the quantitative ratio of thymocytes with the immunophenotypes of cytotoxic (CD8+) and helper cells (CD4+) were identified. Results. In the thymus of human fetuses, the values of the corticomedullary and mitotic indices were 4.8±0.63 and 2.69±0.36%, respectively. Young thymic corpuscles (TT I) quantitatively predominate over mature (TT II) and aging corpuscles (TT III), 1.5 and 3 times, respectively. A histological section of the thymus did not reveal fatty degeneration; the relative amount of fibrous connective tissue was 5.22 (3.8464; 5.6330)%. The cortical-cerebral boundary had clear outlines. T lymphocytes, together with cells of the epithelial microenvironment, occupied more than 90% of the area of the histological section. In the thymus cortex, a high numerical density of thymocytes was found (679.95±46.9), among which cells expressing the CD8+ coreceptor on the surface of the membrane predominated (72.64±5.05%). In the medulla, the number of T-lymphocytes with CD4+ and CD8+ phenotypes was the same (28.81±4.37% and 26.10±5.61%, respectively), the numerical density of thymocytes was 403.61±28.9 cells. Conclusion. The state of the thymus gland in human fetuses at 35–40 weeks of the fetal period indicates a high level of its functional activity. The absence of noticeable signs of accidental involution of the thymus indicates that asphyxia, not aggravated by infectious influences, and also not accompanied by developmental anomalies, due to its transience, does not have a significant effect on the morphology of the thymus and its functions. The quantitative ratio of thymocyte subpopulations with the CD8+ and CD4+ phenotype may indicate different rates of migration of these cells to the periphery, or indicate a different nature of the interaction of developing T lymphocytes with epithelial cells carrying MHC class I and II complexes.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-9-15
I. V. Gaivoronskii, A. Semenov, V. Krishtop
In recent years, the number of applicants to military universities has been constantly increasing, but comprehensive studies of the dynamics of the component composition of the body of female cadets have practically not been carried out, which determines the importance of the stated problems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of changes in indicators of the component composition of the body of practically healthy female cadets aged 17–23 years during the period of study at a military university. Material and methods. The dynamics of the component composition of the body of military university applicants and female cadets during the period of their studies in 1–6 years was studied. Results. Based on the results of a comprehensive examination of the same individuals, which included an assessment of 15 indicators of body composition and 5 functional indicators, a database was formed. It has been shown that during the first two years of study, compared with the indicators of applicants, the most intense increase in muscle mass of the torso and upper extremities occurs – by 14.9% and 12.6%, respectively. An increase in fat mass in the trunk and lower extremities is observed only by the fourth year and amounts to 11.2% and 12.8%, respectively. Sexual characteristics of changes in the component composition of the body of girls are characterized by a more intense growth of the fat component, which corresponds to the physiological changes in the woman’s body during the transition to the first mature period of development. Conclusion. In senior years of study, there is a stabilization of the dynamics of muscle mass development, physical development rating, level of basal metabolism and functional indicators. The identified changes in the component composition of the body during the training period of female cadets are due to the peculiarities of the intensity and nature of physical activity, the work and rest regime and the nutrient composition of the daily diet, as well as endocrine status.
{"title":"Dynamics of body composition parameters in females during their training at a military medical university","authors":"I. V. Gaivoronskii, A. Semenov, V. Krishtop","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-9-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-9-15","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the number of applicants to military universities has been constantly increasing, but comprehensive studies of the dynamics of the component composition of the body of female cadets have practically not been carried out, which determines the importance of the stated problems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of changes in indicators of the component composition of the body of practically healthy female cadets aged 17–23 years during the period of study at a military university. Material and methods. The dynamics of the component composition of the body of military university applicants and female cadets during the period of their studies in 1–6 years was studied. Results. Based on the results of a comprehensive examination of the same individuals, which included an assessment of 15 indicators of body composition and 5 functional indicators, a database was formed. It has been shown that during the first two years of study, compared with the indicators of applicants, the most intense increase in muscle mass of the torso and upper extremities occurs – by 14.9% and 12.6%, respectively. An increase in fat mass in the trunk and lower extremities is observed only by the fourth year and amounts to 11.2% and 12.8%, respectively. Sexual characteristics of changes in the component composition of the body of girls are characterized by a more intense growth of the fat component, which corresponds to the physiological changes in the woman’s body during the transition to the first mature period of development. Conclusion. In senior years of study, there is a stabilization of the dynamics of muscle mass development, physical development rating, level of basal metabolism and functional indicators. The identified changes in the component composition of the body during the training period of female cadets are due to the peculiarities of the intensity and nature of physical activity, the work and rest regime and the nutrient composition of the daily diet, as well as endocrine status.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"159 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-16-23
I. A. Dvoryashina, Yulia I. Velikorodnaya, V. L. Zagrebin, D. Y. Bykhalov, A. V. Smirnov
The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution of vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the liver at various stages of regeneration after chemically induced fibrosis. Material and methods. Four experimental groups of animals were formed, consisting of white male rats representing different stages of liver recovery (no recovery, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of recovery) after chemically induced liver fibrosis, and a control group of intact animals, with 8 animals in each group. The dynamics of the distribution of intermediate filaments of mesenchymal cells were analyzed on preparations stained by immunohistochemical method using antibodies to vimentin and α-SMA. Results. After chemically induced liver fibrosis, a significant increase in the specific area of vimentin and α-SMA was observed, suggesting an important role of mesenchymal cells in the remodeling of the liver parenchyma. At the 4th week, the increased number of vimentin- and α-SMA-positive cells persisted, with these cells localized along fibrous septa and around blood vessels. At this stage, regenerative rosette-like structures consisting of vimentin- and α-SMA-positive mesenchymal cells surrounded by young regenerating hepatocytes were formed. By the 8th–12th weeks of regeneration, a decrease in the specific area of these markers was noted; however, vimentin- and α-SMA-positive cells were still present near portal triads and blood vessels, indicating ongoing regeneration processes. Conclusion. Vimentin and α-SMA play a key role in the formation of the fibrous matrix and the activation of perisinusoidal cells and myofibroblasts. The observed correlation between changes in vimentin and α-SMA indicates their coordinated involvement in the processes of fibrosis and regeneration.
{"title":"Dynamics of distribution of vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin in the liver at the stages of regeneration after chemically induced fibros","authors":"I. A. Dvoryashina, Yulia I. Velikorodnaya, V. L. Zagrebin, D. Y. Bykhalov, A. V. Smirnov","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-16-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-16-23","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution of vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the liver at various stages of regeneration after chemically induced fibrosis. Material and methods. Four experimental groups of animals were formed, consisting of white male rats representing different stages of liver recovery (no recovery, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of recovery) after chemically induced liver fibrosis, and a control group of intact animals, with 8 animals in each group. The dynamics of the distribution of intermediate filaments of mesenchymal cells were analyzed on preparations stained by immunohistochemical method using antibodies to vimentin and α-SMA. Results. After chemically induced liver fibrosis, a significant increase in the specific area of vimentin and α-SMA was observed, suggesting an important role of mesenchymal cells in the remodeling of the liver parenchyma. At the 4th week, the increased number of vimentin- and α-SMA-positive cells persisted, with these cells localized along fibrous septa and around blood vessels. At this stage, regenerative rosette-like structures consisting of vimentin- and α-SMA-positive mesenchymal cells surrounded by young regenerating hepatocytes were formed. By the 8th–12th weeks of regeneration, a decrease in the specific area of these markers was noted; however, vimentin- and α-SMA-positive cells were still present near portal triads and blood vessels, indicating ongoing regeneration processes. Conclusion. Vimentin and α-SMA play a key role in the formation of the fibrous matrix and the activation of perisinusoidal cells and myofibroblasts. The observed correlation between changes in vimentin and α-SMA indicates their coordinated involvement in the processes of fibrosis and regeneration. ","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"48 s235","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-57-65
D. Nikityuk, S. Klochkova, N. Alexeeva, А. V. Karpova
This paper presents a literature review evaluating the possibilities of using anthropometry and anthropometric indices at the present stage of development of science and medicine, taking into account a personalized approach to predicting life and health indicators of various population groups. To prepare this review, an analysis of the literature of the PubMed database within 2022–2023 was carried out using the keywords “anthropometry”, “body mass index”. 44 of the 643 sources cited, were included in the final version. The use of body mass index appears to be a cost-effective, relevant and simple method for application in scientific research, preventive and clinical medicine and a personalized approach to solving a wide range of problems.
{"title":"Anthropometric Indices in Predicting the Risks of Occurrence and Outcomes of Diseases at Present Stage","authors":"D. Nikityuk, S. Klochkova, N. Alexeeva, А. V. Karpova","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-57-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-57-65","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a literature review evaluating the possibilities of using anthropometry and anthropometric indices at the present stage of development of science and medicine, taking into account a personalized approach to predicting life and health indicators of various population groups. To prepare this review, an analysis of the literature of the PubMed database within 2022–2023 was carried out using the keywords “anthropometry”, “body mass index”. 44 of the 643 sources cited, were included in the final version. The use of body mass index appears to be a cost-effective, relevant and simple method for application in scientific research, preventive and clinical medicine and a personalized approach to solving a wide range of problems.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"5 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-66-70
Е. V. En'kova, К. I. Obernikhin, Е. V. Belov, Е. S. Dukhanina, N. N. Patlataya, D. V. Sudakov
Biometric studies in nulliparous women conducted to date are limited by small sample sizes. The pelvic floor muscles perform an important function throughout a woman’s life. They provide fixation and maintenance of the pelvic organs, stretches during childbirth, ensuring the formation of the birth canal, and are a potential site for the formation of a hernia in the female body. Impaired function of this muscle group can lead to either excessive muscle contraction (chronic pelvic pain syndrome) or excessive stretching (pelvic organ prolapse). The purpose of the study is to assess the morphometric properties of the pelvic floor muscles in nulliparous women using 3D ultrasound scanning (sonography). Material and methods. The observation group consisted of 60 women of middle reproductive age who applied for an appointment with an obstetriciangynecologist with complaints of pain of various types localized in the perineum and pelvis, decreased desire and quality of sexual life, clinically confirmed by a diagnosis of incompetence of the pelvic floor muscles. The control group consisted of 30 women without dysfunction of the pelvic floor muscles according to clinical examination. The main criterion for inclusion of patients in the study was reproductive age - 18–45 years and natural childbirth in obstetric and gynecological history. Results. We found that the absence of visible sonographic markers of changes in the myofascial structures of the pelvis is not a prognostically significant criterion for muscle dysfunction, since predominantly changes in morphometric parameters are a reliable sign of the formation of pelvic floor muscle failure. Conclusion. The ultrasound morphometry method, which allows one to assess dynamic changes in the size of muscle and fascial structures, can be used in the clinical practice of an obstetrician-gynecologist. Early diagnosis of a violation of the structure of pelvis myofascial complex will allow early implementation of measures aimed at prevention and timely treatment.
{"title":"Ultrasound Morphometry of the Pelvic Floor Muscles in Women of Reproductive Age","authors":"Е. V. En'kova, К. I. Obernikhin, Е. V. Belov, Е. S. Dukhanina, N. N. Patlataya, D. V. Sudakov","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-66-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-66-70","url":null,"abstract":"Biometric studies in nulliparous women conducted to date are limited by small sample sizes. The pelvic floor muscles perform an important function throughout a woman’s life. They provide fixation and maintenance of the pelvic organs, stretches during childbirth, ensuring the formation of the birth canal, and are a potential site for the formation of a hernia in the female body. Impaired function of this muscle group can lead to either excessive muscle contraction (chronic pelvic pain syndrome) or excessive stretching (pelvic organ prolapse). The purpose of the study is to assess the morphometric properties of the pelvic floor muscles in nulliparous women using 3D ultrasound scanning (sonography). Material and methods. The observation group consisted of 60 women of middle reproductive age who applied for an appointment with an obstetriciangynecologist with complaints of pain of various types localized in the perineum and pelvis, decreased desire and quality of sexual life, clinically confirmed by a diagnosis of incompetence of the pelvic floor muscles. The control group consisted of 30 women without dysfunction of the pelvic floor muscles according to clinical examination. The main criterion for inclusion of patients in the study was reproductive age - 18–45 years and natural childbirth in obstetric and gynecological history. Results. We found that the absence of visible sonographic markers of changes in the myofascial structures of the pelvis is not a prognostically significant criterion for muscle dysfunction, since predominantly changes in morphometric parameters are a reliable sign of the formation of pelvic floor muscle failure. Conclusion. The ultrasound morphometry method, which allows one to assess dynamic changes in the size of muscle and fascial structures, can be used in the clinical practice of an obstetrician-gynecologist. Early diagnosis of a violation of the structure of pelvis myofascial complex will allow early implementation of measures aimed at prevention and timely treatment.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-84-89
D. Nikityuk, N. Alexeeva, S. Klochkova, G. I. Nichiporuk
In February 2024, Professor Ivan Vasilyevich Gaivoronsky, Doctor of Sciences in Medicine, the prominent Russian morphologist, Head of the Department of Normal Anatomy at S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, celebrated the 70th anniversary. Ivan Vasilyevich was born on February 2, 1954 in the town of Kadievka, Voroshilovgrad region. In 1979, he graduated with a gold medal from S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy; within its walls, he came a long way from an adjunct to the Head of the Department of Normal Anatomy, which he has headed for more than 35 years. Ivan V. Gavoronsky is a member of the Presidium of the All-Russian Scientific Medical Society of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists and Chairman of its St. Petersburg branch, a member of the Coordinating Council responsible for the field of education “Health and Medical Sciences” and its educational and methodological commission in anatomy and anthropology, Chairman of the dissertation council in the specialties Anatomy and Anthropology, Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, created at S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy. Professor Ivan V. Gaivoronsky focused his attention on the development of modern aspects of the collateral circulation issues, the state of various parts of the vascular bed under normal conditions and under the influence of various extreme factors, innovative technologies for preparing and preserving anatomical sections for educational purposes, medical craniology, the study of individual and typological features of the human body, applied issues, dictated by the needs of practical medicine, the history of anatomy, and the improvement of the educational process in the departments of morphological profile. He created a scientific morphological school, which trained 11 doctors and 60 candidates of medical sciences. For significant contribution to the development of Russian science and modernization of the educational process, Professor IvanV. Gaivoronsky was twice awarded the Russian Government Prize in the field of education; he was awarded the honorary titles “Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation” and “Honored Figure of Russian Higher Education”, academician of the Russian Military Medical Academy, Honorary Doctor of the Russian Military Medical Academy; he was awarded the Order of Honor and a medal of the Order for Merits to the Fatherland, II degree.
{"title":"Dedication to Morphology (to the 70th Anniversary of the Birth of Professor I.V. Gaivoronsky)","authors":"D. Nikityuk, N. Alexeeva, S. Klochkova, G. I. Nichiporuk","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-84-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-84-89","url":null,"abstract":"In February 2024, Professor Ivan Vasilyevich Gaivoronsky, Doctor of Sciences in Medicine, the prominent Russian morphologist, Head of the Department of Normal Anatomy at S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, celebrated the 70th anniversary. Ivan Vasilyevich was born on February 2, 1954 in the town of Kadievka, Voroshilovgrad region. In 1979, he graduated with a gold medal from S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy; within its walls, he came a long way from an adjunct to the Head of the Department of Normal Anatomy, which he has headed for more than 35 years. Ivan V. Gavoronsky is a member of the Presidium of the All-Russian Scientific Medical Society of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists and Chairman of its St. Petersburg branch, a member of the Coordinating Council responsible for the field of education “Health and Medical Sciences” and its educational and methodological commission in anatomy and anthropology, Chairman of the dissertation council in the specialties Anatomy and Anthropology, Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, created at S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy. Professor Ivan V. Gaivoronsky focused his attention on the development of modern aspects of the collateral circulation issues, the state of various parts of the vascular bed under normal conditions and under the influence of various extreme factors, innovative technologies for preparing and preserving anatomical sections for educational purposes, medical craniology, the study of individual and typological features of the human body, applied issues, dictated by the needs of practical medicine, the history of anatomy, and the improvement of the educational process in the departments of morphological profile. He created a scientific morphological school, which trained 11 doctors and 60 candidates of medical sciences. For significant contribution to the development of Russian science and modernization of the educational process, Professor IvanV. Gaivoronsky was twice awarded the Russian Government Prize in the field of education; he was awarded the honorary titles “Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation” and “Honored Figure of Russian Higher Education”, academician of the Russian Military Medical Academy, Honorary Doctor of the Russian Military Medical Academy; he was awarded the Order of Honor and a medal of the Order for Merits to the Fatherland, II degree.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"52 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-71-79
M. Mnikhovich, Р. А. Akhsanova, Т. V. Bezuglova, I. A. Shiripenko, О. А. Sidorova, М. V. Lozina
Academician A.P. Avtsyn and Professor G.G. Avtandilov are generally recognized world authorities in pathological anatomy. Alexander Pavlovich Avtsyn is known as an outstanding scientist, a famous community health administrator, an active public personality, a wonderful teacher, a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences and a laureate of the USSR State Prize, the founder of the Research Institute of Human Morphology, which was later given his name. Georgy Gerasimovich Avtandilov is an outstanding scientist and educator, a prominent specialist, professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Honored Doctor of Kabardino-Balkaria and Honored Scientist of the RSFSR and the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, as well as an academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. G.G. Avtandilov specialised in the field of pathological anatomy, mainly in morphometry. The paper describes details of their contribution to the development of pathological anatomy, from both a fundamental and practical point of view. Unique methodological approaches developed by G.G. Avtandilov and A.P. Avtsyn, which are used today by numerous scientists, are presented by the authors. In addition to the scientific life of two outstanding researchers, the article highlights important events from their biographies.
{"title":"G. G. Avtandilov and A. P. Avtsyn: Two Outstanding Pathologists, Two Unique Lives","authors":"M. Mnikhovich, Р. А. Akhsanova, Т. V. Bezuglova, I. A. Shiripenko, О. А. Sidorova, М. V. Lozina","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-71-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-71-79","url":null,"abstract":"Academician A.P. Avtsyn and Professor G.G. Avtandilov are generally recognized world authorities in pathological anatomy. Alexander Pavlovich Avtsyn is known as an outstanding scientist, a famous community health administrator, an active public personality, a wonderful teacher, a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences and a laureate of the USSR State Prize, the founder of the Research Institute of Human Morphology, which was later given his name. Georgy Gerasimovich Avtandilov is an outstanding scientist and educator, a prominent specialist, professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Honored Doctor of Kabardino-Balkaria and Honored Scientist of the RSFSR and the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, as well as an academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. G.G. Avtandilov specialised in the field of pathological anatomy, mainly in morphometry. The paper describes details of their contribution to the development of pathological anatomy, from both a fundamental and practical point of view. Unique methodological approaches developed by G.G. Avtandilov and A.P. Avtsyn, which are used today by numerous scientists, are presented by the authors. In addition to the scientific life of two outstanding researchers, the article highlights important events from their biographies.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"46 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-42-50
К. V. Ladygin, I. N. Yashina, S. Klochkova, А. I. Ladygina, F. D. Yashin
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of changes in the optical density of bone tissue of the first rib and the base coracoid process of scapula in men of different ages without signs of osteoporosis depending on chest shape. Material and methods. The study was performed on tomograms of the chest of 191 men aged from 20 to 70 years. Measurements on tomograms were carried out in the axial plane using the RadiAnt program. The scans measured the optical density of the first rib tubercle, the distal bony part of the first rib, and the base of scapula coracoid process. All measurements were taken in men randomized by age and chest shape. The results of osteometry were processed by statistical methods. Results. The chest shape determines age-related changes in the optical density of bone tissue. In individuals with intermediate and transverse chest shapes, a decrease in the optical density of bone tissue at the base of scapula coracoid process begins to appear at the age of 30–50 years. These changes are most pronounced for the base of coracoid process, regardless of the chest shape, at the age of over 50 years. A decrease in the optical density of the first rib tubercle manifests over the age of 50 years in individuals with intermediate and transverse chest shape. In individuals with a gracile chest shape, the optical density of the bone structure is more stable. The tubercle of the first rib, along with the base of coracoid process, can serve as a prognostic area in the diagnosis of systemic osteoporosis in individuals with transverse and intermediate chest shape. Conclusion. A deterministic approach to the described indicators of changes in the optical density of bone tissue of the first rib and scapula in individuals with different chest shapes, according to SCT tomograms, objectively helps to predict and subsequently verify the manifestations of osteoporosis. The dependences we have identified on changes in bone tissue density and in the structure of correlations between the studied parameters of the first rib and the coracoid process indicate pronounced somatotypic variability, which must be taken into account when developing restorative treatment and predicting the course of orthopedic diseases in people of different age.
{"title":"Changes in the Optical Density of the First Rib and the Coracoid Process of Scapula in Men Depending on Age and Chest Shape According to Computed Tomography","authors":"К. V. Ladygin, I. N. Yashina, S. Klochkova, А. I. Ladygina, F. D. Yashin","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-42-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-42-50","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of changes in the optical density of bone tissue of the first rib and the base coracoid process of scapula in men of different ages without signs of osteoporosis depending on chest shape. Material and methods. The study was performed on tomograms of the chest of 191 men aged from 20 to 70 years. Measurements on tomograms were carried out in the axial plane using the RadiAnt program. The scans measured the optical density of the first rib tubercle, the distal bony part of the first rib, and the base of scapula coracoid process. All measurements were taken in men randomized by age and chest shape. The results of osteometry were processed by statistical methods. Results. The chest shape determines age-related changes in the optical density of bone tissue. In individuals with intermediate and transverse chest shapes, a decrease in the optical density of bone tissue at the base of scapula coracoid process begins to appear at the age of 30–50 years. These changes are most pronounced for the base of coracoid process, regardless of the chest shape, at the age of over 50 years. A decrease in the optical density of the first rib tubercle manifests over the age of 50 years in individuals with intermediate and transverse chest shape. In individuals with a gracile chest shape, the optical density of the bone structure is more stable. The tubercle of the first rib, along with the base of coracoid process, can serve as a prognostic area in the diagnosis of systemic osteoporosis in individuals with transverse and intermediate chest shape. Conclusion. A deterministic approach to the described indicators of changes in the optical density of bone tissue of the first rib and scapula in individuals with different chest shapes, according to SCT tomograms, objectively helps to predict and subsequently verify the manifestations of osteoporosis. The dependences we have identified on changes in bone tissue density and in the structure of correlations between the studied parameters of the first rib and the coracoid process indicate pronounced somatotypic variability, which must be taken into account when developing restorative treatment and predicting the course of orthopedic diseases in people of different age.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-80-83
N. Shevlyuk
The reviewed book is the first volume of the three-volume textbook “Human Functional Morphology” (Vol. 1 – Viscerology. Vol. 2 – Nervous system and sensory organ system. Vol. 3. Musculoskeletal system and cardiovascular system) and describes morphofunctional features of the human internal organs based on an interdisciplinary approach at the macroscopic, tissue, cellular and subcellular levels. The first volume of the textbook consists of 9 chapters, each of which represents a separate system of the human body. The description of each organ contains signs of the sources and course of development, their morphofunctional features are given, and issues of blood supply, innervation and functional significance are considered. The textbook will be useful for university students of medical and biological specialties, and can be used as a fundamental guide to human morphology by doctors of diverse specialties, biologists and embryologists.
{"title":"Book Review: Milto I.V. Human Functional Morphology. Textbook in 3 volumes. Vol. 1: Viscerology. M.: Logosphere. 2022","authors":"N. Shevlyuk","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-80-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-80-83","url":null,"abstract":"The reviewed book is the first volume of the three-volume textbook “Human Functional Morphology” (Vol. 1 – Viscerology. Vol. 2 – Nervous system and sensory organ system. Vol. 3. Musculoskeletal system and cardiovascular system) and describes morphofunctional features of the human internal organs based on an interdisciplinary approach at the macroscopic, tissue, cellular and subcellular levels. The first volume of the textbook consists of 9 chapters, each of which represents a separate system of the human body. The description of each organ contains signs of the sources and course of development, their morphofunctional features are given, and issues of blood supply, innervation and functional significance are considered. The textbook will be useful for university students of medical and biological specialties, and can be used as a fundamental guide to human morphology by doctors of diverse specialties, biologists and embryologists.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-36-41
Т. А. Ishunina
The aim was to study the size and density of neurons and glial cells of the hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus (LTN) in vascular dementia (VD), which is the second most common dementia. Material and methods. The density of neurons and glial cells, the cross-sectional area of nuclei, nucleoli and perikarya of LTN neurons were determined in patients with VD (n=10) and in the control group of individuals (n=10) who did not have any neurological or cognitive dysfunction. Comparison of indicators between groups was carried out using ANOVA and Student's t-test. Results. In VD cases all of the studied morphometric parameters of neurons and their density were decreased by within 20% (p<0.02). An increase in the neuroglial index by an average of 27% (p=0.04) was also noted. Сhanges in the size of neurons and nucleoli were observed regardless of the gender of patients. However, a decrease in the neuronal density (p = 0,008) and an increase in the neuroglial index (p=0,03) were noted only in the group of female patients. Conclusion. VD leads to a decrease in the metabolic activity of neurons of the hypothalamus and of the lateral tuberal nucleus, in particular. Moreover, a part of LTN neurons dies inducing a compensatory and adaptive increase in the population of glial cells. Thus, some late manifestations of VD, such as asthenia and increased exhaustion, may be caused, at least in part by a decrease in the neuronal activity and reorganization of intercellular interactions in the LTN.
{"title":"Neurons and Glial Cells of the Lateral Tuberal Hypothalamic Nucleus in Vascular Dementia","authors":"Т. А. Ishunina","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-36-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-36-41","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to study the size and density of neurons and glial cells of the hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus (LTN) in vascular dementia (VD), which is the second most common dementia. Material and methods. The density of neurons and glial cells, the cross-sectional area of nuclei, nucleoli and perikarya of LTN neurons were determined in patients with VD (n=10) and in the control group of individuals (n=10) who did not have any neurological or cognitive dysfunction. Comparison of indicators between groups was carried out using ANOVA and Student's t-test. Results. In VD cases all of the studied morphometric parameters of neurons and their density were decreased by within 20% (p<0.02). An increase in the neuroglial index by an average of 27% (p=0.04) was also noted. Сhanges in the size of neurons and nucleoli were observed regardless of the gender of patients. However, a decrease in the neuronal density (p = 0,008) and an increase in the neuroglial index (p=0,03) were noted only in the group of female patients. Conclusion. VD leads to a decrease in the metabolic activity of neurons of the hypothalamus and of the lateral tuberal nucleus, in particular. Moreover, a part of LTN neurons dies inducing a compensatory and adaptive increase in the population of glial cells. Thus, some late manifestations of VD, such as asthenia and increased exhaustion, may be caused, at least in part by a decrease in the neuronal activity and reorganization of intercellular interactions in the LTN.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140735916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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