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Morphofunctional organization of the thymus of human fetuses in the late stages of the fetal period 胎儿晚期胸腺的形态功能组织
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-71-78
V. Y. Yurchinskii, L. M. Erofeeva, O. A. Shisterova
The aim of the study was to identify the features of the morphofunctional organization of the thymus of human fetuses based on a quantitative assessment of subpopulations of T-lymphocytes with the CD4+ and CD8+ phenotype. Material and methods. The material for the study was the thymus of stillborn children (n=16) aged 35-40 weeks who died as a result of asphyxia, the cause of which was not established. All sectional material was carefully selected according to the anamnesis in order to exclude causes that could affect the structure of the thymus The study was carried out using standard methods of light microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry. The following characteristics of the thymus were studied: corticomedullary and mitotic indices, the numerical density of thymocytes in the cortex and medulla, the relative area occupied by the blood-stream, fibrous connective, adipose, and lymphoid tissues on a section of the thymus lobes. The relative number of thymic bodies, as well as the quantitative ratio of thymocytes with the immunophenotypes of cytotoxic (CD8+) and helper cells (CD4+) were identified. Results. In the thymus of human fetuses, the values of the corticomedullary and mitotic indices were 4.8±0.63 and 2.69±0.36%, respectively. Young thymic corpuscles (TT I) quantitatively predominate over mature (TT II) and aging corpuscles (TT III), 1.5 and 3 times, respectively. A histological section of the thymus did not reveal fatty degeneration; the relative amount of fibrous connective tissue was 5.22 (3.8464; 5.6330)%. The cortical-cerebral boundary had clear outlines. T lymphocytes, together with cells of the epithelial microenvironment, occupied more than 90% of the area of the histological section. In the thymus cortex, a high numerical density of thymocytes was found (679.95±46.9), among which cells expressing the CD8+ coreceptor on the surface of the membrane predominated (72.64±5.05%). In the medulla, the number of T-lymphocytes with CD4+ and CD8+ phenotypes was the same (28.81±4.37% and 26.10±5.61%, respectively), the numerical density of thymocytes was 403.61±28.9 cells. Conclusion. The state of the thymus gland in human fetuses at 35–40 weeks of the fetal period indicates a high level of its functional activity. The absence of noticeable signs of accidental involution of the thymus indicates that asphyxia, not aggravated by infectious influences, and also not accompanied by developmental anomalies, due to its transience, does not have a significant effect on the morphology of the thymus and its functions. The quantitative ratio of thymocyte subpopulations with the CD8+ and CD4+ phenotype may indicate different rates of migration of these cells to the periphery, or indicate a different nature of the interaction of developing T lymphocytes with epithelial cells carrying MHC class I and II complexes.
本研究旨在通过对具有 CD4+ 和 CD8+ 表型的 T 淋巴细胞亚群进行定量评估,确定人类胎儿胸腺形态功能组织的特征。材料和方法研究材料是因窒息而死亡的 35-40 周龄死胎(16 个)的胸腺,死因尚未确定。所有切片材料都是根据病史仔细挑选的,以排除可能影响胸腺结构的原因。研究了胸腺的以下特征:皮质髓质和有丝分裂指数,皮质和髓质中胸腺细胞的数量密度,胸腺叶切片上血流、纤维结缔组织、脂肪组织和淋巴组织所占的相对面积。还确定了胸腺体的相对数量,以及胸腺细胞中细胞毒性细胞(CD8+)和辅助细胞(CD4+)免疫分型的数量比。结果人类胎儿胸腺的皮质髓质指数和有丝分裂指数分别为 4.8±0.63% 和 2.69±0.36%。年轻胸腺细胞(TT I)在数量上比成熟细胞(TT II)和衰老细胞(TT III)多 1.5 倍和 3 倍。胸腺组织学切片未发现脂肪变性;纤维结缔组织的相对数量为 5.22 (3.8464; 5.6330)%。皮质-大脑边界轮廓清晰。T淋巴细胞与上皮微环境细胞一起占据了组织切片面积的90%以上。在胸腺皮质,胸腺细胞的数量密度很高(679.95±46.9),其中膜表面表达 CD8+ 核心受体的细胞占多数(72.64±5.05%)。在髓质中,CD4+和CD8+表型的T淋巴细胞数量相同(分别为28.81±4.37%和26.10±5.61%),胸腺细胞的数量密度为403.61±28.9个细胞。结论人类胎儿在胎儿期 35-40 周时的胸腺状态表明其功能活动处于较高水平。没有明显的胸腺意外萎缩迹象表明,窒息不会因感染影响而加重,也不会伴随发育异常,因为窒息的短暂性不会对胸腺的形态和功能产生显著影响。具有 CD8+ 和 CD4+ 表型的胸腺细胞亚群的数量比可能表明这些细胞向外周迁移的速度不同,或表明发育中的 T 淋巴细胞与携带 MHC I 类和 II 类复合物的上皮细胞相互作用的性质不同。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of body composition parameters in females during their training at a military medical university 军医大学培训期间女性身体成分参数的动态变化
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-9-15
I. V. Gaivoronskii, A. Semenov, V. Krishtop
In recent years, the number of applicants to military universities has been constantly increasing, but comprehensive studies of the dynamics of the component composition of the body of female cadets have practically not been carried out, which determines the importance of the stated problems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of changes in indicators of the component composition of the body of practically healthy female cadets aged 17–23 years during the period of study at a military university. Material and methods. The dynamics of the component composition of the body of military university applicants and female cadets during the period of their studies in 1–6 years was studied. Results. Based on the results of a comprehensive examination of the same individuals, which included an assessment of 15 indicators of body composition and 5 functional indicators, a database was formed. It has been shown that during the first two years of study, compared with the indicators of applicants, the most intense increase in muscle mass of the torso and upper extremities occurs – by 14.9% and 12.6%, respectively. An increase in fat mass in the trunk and lower extremities is observed only by the fourth year and amounts to 11.2% and 12.8%, respectively. Sexual characteristics of changes in the component composition of the body of girls are characterized by a more intense growth of the fat component, which corresponds to the physiological changes in the woman’s body during the transition to the first mature period of development. Conclusion. In senior years of study, there is a stabilization of the dynamics of muscle mass development, physical development rating, level of basal metabolism and functional indicators. The identified changes in the component composition of the body during the training period of female cadets are due to the peculiarities of the intensity and nature of physical activity, the work and rest regime and the nutrient composition of the daily diet, as well as endocrine status.
近年来,报考军事院校的人数不断增加,但对女学员身体成分动态的全面研究却几乎没有进行过,这就决定了上述问题的重要性。本研究旨在评估 17-23 岁身体健康的女学员在军事大学学习期间身体成分组成指标的动态变化。材料和方法研究了军事大学申请者和女学员在 1-6 年学习期间身体成分组成的动态变化。研究结果根据对这些人的全面检查结果(包括 15 项身体成分指标和 5 项功能指标的评估),建立了一个数据库。结果表明,在学习的头两年,与申请人的指标相比,躯干和上肢肌肉质量的增加最为明显,分别增加了 14.9% 和 12.6%。到第四年,躯干和下肢的脂肪量才有所增加,分别增加了 11.2%和 12.8%。女孩身体成分变化的性别特点是脂肪成分的增长更为强烈,这与女性身体在向第一个发育成熟期过渡期间的生理变化相吻合。结论在高年级,肌肉质量发展、身体发育等级、基础代谢水平和功能指标的动态趋于稳定。女学员在训练期间身体成分的变化是由于体育活动的强度和性质、作息制度、日常饮食的营养成分以及内分泌状况的特殊性造成的。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of distribution of vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin in the liver at the stages of regeneration after chemically induced fibros 化学诱导纤维化后肝脏再生阶段波形蛋白和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白的分布动态
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-2-16-23
I. A. Dvoryashina, Yulia I. Velikorodnaya, V. L. Zagrebin, D. Y. Bykhalov, A. V. Smirnov
The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution of vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the liver at various stages of regeneration after chemically induced fibrosis. Material and methods. Four experimental groups of animals were formed, consisting of white male rats representing different stages of liver recovery (no recovery, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of recovery) after chemically induced liver fibrosis, and a control group of intact animals, with 8 animals in each group. The dynamics of the distribution of intermediate filaments of mesenchymal cells were analyzed on preparations stained by immunohistochemical method using antibodies to vimentin and α-SMA. Results. After chemically induced liver fibrosis, a significant increase in the specific area of vimentin and α-SMA was observed, suggesting an important role of mesenchymal cells in the remodeling of the liver parenchyma. At the 4th week, the increased number of vimentin- and α-SMA-positive cells persisted, with these cells localized along fibrous septa and around blood vessels. At this stage, regenerative rosette-like structures consisting of vimentin- and α-SMA-positive mesenchymal cells surrounded by young regenerating hepatocytes were formed. By the 8th–12th weeks of regeneration, a decrease in the specific area of these markers was noted; however, vimentin- and α-SMA-positive cells were still present near portal triads and blood vessels, indicating ongoing regeneration processes. Conclusion. Vimentin and α-SMA play a key role in the formation of the fibrous matrix and the activation of perisinusoidal cells and myofibroblasts. The observed correlation between changes in vimentin and α-SMA indicates their coordinated involvement in the processes of fibrosis and regeneration.  
本研究旨在分析化学诱导纤维化后肝脏再生不同阶段波形蛋白和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的分布情况。材料与方法将化学诱导肝纤维化后代表肝脏不同恢复阶段(未恢复、恢复 4 周、8 周和 12 周)的白色雄性大鼠和完好无损的对照组组成四组实验动物,每组 8 只。使用波形蛋白和α-SMA抗体对免疫组化法染色的制备物进行间质细胞中间丝分布动态分析。结果化学诱导肝纤维化后,观察到波形蛋白和α-SMA的特异性面积显著增加,表明间充质细胞在肝实质重塑中起着重要作用。第四周时,波形蛋白和α-SMA阳性细胞数量持续增加,这些细胞沿纤维间隔和血管周围分布。在这一阶段,由波形蛋白和α-SMA阳性间充质细胞组成的再生莲座状结构形成,周围环绕着年轻的再生肝细胞。到了再生的第 8-12 周,这些标记物的特异性区域有所减少;但波形蛋白和 α-SMA 阳性细胞仍存在于门静脉三联体和血管附近,表明再生过程仍在进行。结论波形蛋白和α-SMA在纤维基质的形成以及窦周细胞和肌成纤维细胞的活化过程中起着关键作用。观察到的波形蛋白和α-SMA变化之间的相关性表明,它们协调参与了纤维化和再生过程。
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引用次数: 0
Anthropometric Indices in Predicting the Risks of Occurrence and Outcomes of Diseases at Present Stage 人体测量指标在预测现阶段疾病发生风险和结果中的作用
Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-57-65
D. Nikityuk, S. Klochkova, N. Alexeeva, А. V. Karpova
This paper presents a literature review evaluating the possibilities of using anthropometry and anthropometric indices at the present stage of development of science and medicine, taking into account a personalized approach to predicting life and health indicators of various population groups. To prepare this review, an analysis of the literature of the PubMed database within 2022–2023 was carried out using the keywords “anthropometry”, “body mass index”. 44 of the 643 sources cited, were included in the final version. The use of body mass index appears to be a cost-effective, relevant and simple method for application in scientific research, preventive and clinical medicine and a personalized approach to solving a wide range of problems.
本文介绍了一篇文献综述,评估了在科学和医学发展的现阶段使用人体测量学和人体测量指数的可能性,同时考虑了预测不同人群生命和健康指标的个性化方法。为了编写这篇综述,我们使用关键词 "人体测量"、"体重指数 "对 PubMed 数据库 2022-2023 年的文献进行了分析。在引用的 643 篇文献中,有 44 篇被纳入最终版本。使用体重指数似乎是一种具有成本效益、相关且简单的方法,可应用于科学研究、预防和临床医学,以及解决各种问题的个性化方法。
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引用次数: 0
Ultrasound Morphometry of the Pelvic Floor Muscles in Women of Reproductive Age 育龄妇女盆底肌肉的超声波形态测量法
Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-66-70
Е. V. En'kova, К. I. Obernikhin, Е. V. Belov, Е. S. Dukhanina, N. N. Patlataya, D. V. Sudakov
Biometric studies in nulliparous women conducted to date are limited by small sample sizes. The pelvic floor muscles perform an important function throughout a woman’s life. They provide fixation and maintenance of the pelvic organs, stretches during childbirth, ensuring the formation of the birth canal, and are a potential site for the formation of a hernia in the female body. Impaired function of this muscle group can lead to either excessive muscle contraction (chronic pelvic pain syndrome) or excessive stretching (pelvic organ prolapse). The purpose of the study is to assess the morphometric properties of the pelvic floor muscles in nulliparous women using 3D ultrasound scanning (sonography). Material and methods. The observation group consisted of 60 women of middle reproductive age who applied for an appointment with an obstetriciangynecologist with complaints of pain of various types localized in the perineum and pelvis, decreased desire and quality of sexual life, clinically confirmed by a diagnosis of incompetence of the pelvic floor muscles. The control group consisted of 30 women without dysfunction of the pelvic floor muscles according to clinical examination. The main criterion for inclusion of patients in the study was reproductive age - 18–45 years and natural childbirth in obstetric and gynecological history. Results. We found that the absence of visible sonographic markers of changes in the myofascial structures of the pelvis is not a prognostically significant criterion for muscle dysfunction, since predominantly changes in morphometric parameters are a reliable sign of the formation of pelvic floor muscle failure. Conclusion. The ultrasound morphometry method, which allows one to assess dynamic changes in the size of muscle and fascial structures, can be used in the clinical practice of an obstetrician-gynecologist. Early diagnosis of a violation of the structure of pelvis myofascial complex will allow early implementation of measures aimed at prevention and timely treatment.
由于样本量较小,迄今为止对无阴道妇女进行的生物测量研究受到了限制。骨盆底肌肉在妇女的一生中发挥着重要作用。它们能固定和维护盆腔器官,在分娩过程中起到拉伸作用,确保产道的形成,同时也是女性疝气形成的潜在部位。该肌群功能受损可导致肌肉过度收缩(慢性骨盆疼痛综合征)或过度拉伸(骨盆器官脱垂)。本研究的目的是利用三维超声波扫描(声纳图)评估无阴道妇女盆底肌肉的形态特性。材料和方法观察组由 60 名育龄中期妇女组成,她们因主诉会阴和骨盆局部出现各种疼痛、性欲和性生活质量下降而向妇产科医生求诊,经临床确诊为盆底肌肉功能不全。对照组由 30 名经临床检查无盆底肌肉功能障碍的女性组成。将患者纳入研究的主要标准是育龄期(18-45 岁)和妇产科自然分娩史。结果我们发现,盆腔肌筋膜结构变化的声像图标记不明显并不是肌肉功能障碍的重要预后标准,因为形态测量参数的主要变化是盆底肌肉衰竭形成的可靠标志。结论超声形态测量法可评估肌肉和筋膜结构大小的动态变化,可用于妇产科医生的临床实践。早期诊断出骨盆肌筋膜复合体结构的异常,就可以及早采取预防和及时治疗的措施。
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引用次数: 0
Dedication to Morphology (to the 70th Anniversary of the Birth of Professor I.V. Gaivoronsky) 献给形态学(纪念 I.V. Gaivoronsky 教授诞辰 70 周年)
Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-84-89
D. Nikityuk, N. Alexeeva, S. Klochkova, G. I. Nichiporuk
In February 2024, Professor Ivan Vasilyevich Gaivoronsky, Doctor of Sciences in Medicine, the prominent Russian morphologist, Head of the Department of Normal Anatomy at S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, celebrated the 70th anniversary. Ivan Vasilyevich was born on February 2, 1954 in the town of Kadievka, Voroshilovgrad region. In 1979, he graduated with a gold medal from S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy; within its walls, he came a long way from an adjunct to the Head of the Department of Normal Anatomy, which he has headed for more than 35 years. Ivan V. Gavoronsky is a member of the Presidium of the All-Russian Scientific Medical Society of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists and Chairman of its St. Petersburg branch, a member of the Coordinating Council responsible for the field of education “Health and Medical Sciences” and its educational and methodological commission in anatomy and anthropology, Chairman of the dissertation council in the specialties Anatomy and Anthropology, Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, created at S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy. Professor Ivan V. Gaivoronsky focused his attention on the development of modern aspects of the collateral circulation issues, the state of various parts of the vascular bed under normal conditions and under the influence of various extreme factors, innovative technologies for preparing and preserving anatomical sections for educational purposes, medical craniology, the study of individual and typological features of the human body, applied issues, dictated by the needs of practical medicine, the history of anatomy, and the improvement of the educational process in the departments of morphological profile. He created a scientific morphological school, which trained 11 doctors and 60 candidates of medical sciences. For significant contribution to the development of Russian science and modernization of the educational process, Professor IvanV. Gaivoronsky was twice awarded the Russian Government Prize in the field of education; he was awarded the honorary titles “Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation” and “Honored Figure of Russian Higher Education”, academician of the Russian Military Medical Academy, Honorary Doctor of the Russian Military Medical Academy; he was awarded the Order of Honor and a medal of the Order for Merits to the Fatherland, II degree.
2024 年 2 月,俄罗斯著名形态学专家、基洛夫军事医学院正常解剖学系主任、医学博士伊万-瓦西里耶维奇-盖沃龙斯基教授迎来了自己从医 70 周年纪念日。伊万-瓦西里耶维奇 1954 年 2 月 2 日出生于伏罗希洛夫格勒州卡迪夫卡镇。1979 年,他从基洛夫军事医学院毕业并获得金质奖章;在这所学校里,他从一名普通解剖学系的副教授成长为系主任,并担任系主任长达 35 年之久。伊万-瓦-加沃龙斯基是全俄解剖学、组织学和胚胎学医学科学学会主席团成员及其圣彼得堡分会主席,"健康与医学 "教育领域协调委员会及其解剖学和人类学教育与方法委员会成员,基洛夫军事医学院设立的解剖学与人类学、病理解剖学和法医学专业论文委员会主席。伊万-V.盖沃隆斯基教授主要关注侧支循环问题的现代发展、血管床各部分在正常情况下和在各种极端因素影响下的状态、为教学目的准备和保存解剖切片的创新技术、医学颅骨学、人体个体和类型特征研究、实用医学需求决定的应用问题、解剖学史以及形态学概况系教学过程的改进。他创建了一所科学形态学学校,培养了 11 名医生和 60 名医学考生。由于对俄罗斯科学发展和教育现代化的重大贡献,伊万-V.盖沃龙斯基教授两次获得俄罗斯教育领域政府奖;被授予 "俄罗斯联邦荣誉科学家 "和 "俄罗斯高等教育荣誉人物"、俄罗斯军事医学院院士、俄罗斯军事医学院荣誉博士等荣誉称号;被授予荣誉勋章和二级祖国功勋奖章。
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引用次数: 0
G. G. Avtandilov and A. P. Avtsyn: Two Outstanding Pathologists, Two Unique Lives G. G. 阿夫坦季洛夫和 A. P. 阿夫钦:两位杰出的病理学家,两个独特的人生
Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-71-79
M. Mnikhovich, Р. А. Akhsanova, Т. V. Bezuglova, I. A. Shiripenko, О. А. Sidorova, М. V. Lozina
Academician A.P. Avtsyn and Professor G.G. Avtandilov are generally recognized world authorities in pathological anatomy. Alexander Pavlovich Avtsyn is known as an outstanding scientist, a famous community health administrator, an active public personality, a wonderful teacher, a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences and a laureate of the USSR State Prize, the founder of the Research Institute of Human Morphology, which was later given his name. Georgy Gerasimovich Avtandilov is an outstanding scientist and educator, a prominent specialist, professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Honored Doctor of Kabardino-Balkaria and Honored Scientist of the RSFSR and the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, as well as an academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. G.G. Avtandilov specialised in the field of pathological anatomy, mainly in morphometry. The paper describes details of their contribution to the development of pathological anatomy, from both a fundamental and practical point of view. Unique methodological approaches developed by G.G. Avtandilov and A.P. Avtsyn, which are used today by numerous scientists, are presented by the authors. In addition to the scientific life of two outstanding researchers, the article highlights important events from their biographies.
阿夫钦院士和阿夫坦季洛夫教授是世界公认的病理解剖学权威。亚历山大-帕夫洛维奇-阿夫钦是杰出的科学家、著名的社区卫生管理者、活跃的公众人物、出色的教师、苏联医学科学院通讯院士、苏联国家奖获得者、人体形态学研究所(后以他的名字命名)的创始人。乔治-格拉西莫维奇-阿夫坦季洛夫是杰出的科学家和教育家、著名专家、教授、医学博士、卡巴尔达-巴尔卡尔荣誉博士、俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国和北奥塞梯-阿拉尼亚共和国荣誉科学家以及俄罗斯自然科学院院士。G.G. 阿夫坦季洛夫专门从事病理解剖学研究,主要是形态计量学。本文从基础和实践角度详细介绍了他们对病理解剖学发展的贡献。作者介绍了 G.G. Avtandilov 和 A.P. Avtsyn 开发的独特方法论,这些方法论如今已被众多科学家采用。除了介绍两位杰出研究人员的科学生涯外,文章还重点介绍了他们生平中的重要事件。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in the Optical Density of the First Rib and the Coracoid Process of Scapula in Men Depending on Age and Chest Shape According to Computed Tomography 计算机断层扫描显示的男性第一肋骨和肩胛骨冠突光学密度随年龄和胸廓形状的变化
Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-42-50
К. V. Ladygin, I. N. Yashina, S. Klochkova, А. I. Ladygina, F. D. Yashin
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of changes in the optical density of bone tissue of the first rib and the base coracoid process of scapula in men of different ages without signs of osteoporosis depending on chest shape. Material and methods. The study was performed on tomograms of the chest of 191 men aged from 20 to 70 years. Measurements on tomograms were carried out in the axial plane using the RadiAnt program. The scans measured the optical density of the first rib tubercle, the distal bony part of the first rib, and the base of scapula coracoid process. All measurements were taken in men randomized by age and chest shape. The results of osteometry were processed by statistical methods. Results. The chest shape determines age-related changes in the optical density of bone tissue. In individuals with intermediate and transverse chest shapes, a decrease in the optical density of bone tissue at the base of scapula coracoid process begins to appear at the age of 30–50 years. These changes are most pronounced for the base of coracoid process, regardless of the chest shape, at the age of over 50 years. A decrease in the optical density of the first rib tubercle manifests over the age of 50 years in individuals with intermediate and transverse chest shape. In individuals with a gracile chest shape, the optical density of the bone structure is more stable. The tubercle of the first rib, along with the base of coracoid process, can serve as a prognostic area in the diagnosis of systemic osteoporosis in individuals with transverse and intermediate chest shape. Conclusion. A deterministic approach to the described indicators of changes in the optical density of bone tissue of the first rib and scapula in individuals with different chest shapes, according to SCT tomograms, objectively helps to predict and subsequently verify the manifestations of osteoporosis. The dependences we have identified on changes in bone tissue density and in the structure of correlations between the studied parameters of the first rib and the coracoid process indicate pronounced somatotypic variability, which must be taken into account when developing restorative treatment and predicting the course of orthopedic diseases in people of different age.
本研究的目的是评估无骨质疏松症症状的不同年龄男性肩胛骨第一肋骨和肩胛骨基部冠状突骨组织光学密度的动态变化,这取决于胸廓形状。材料和方法该研究对 191 名年龄在 20 岁至 70 岁之间的男性胸部进行了断层扫描。使用 RadiAnt 程序对断层扫描进行轴向测量。扫描测量了第一肋骨结节、第一肋骨远端骨质部分和肩胛骨冠状突基部的光密度。所有测量均按年龄和胸型随机抽取男性进行。骨测量结果经统计学方法处理。结果胸型决定了骨组织光学密度与年龄有关的变化。中等胸型和横胸型的人在 30-50 岁时,肩胛骨冠突基部骨组织的光学密度开始下降。无论胸型如何,肩胛骨冠突基部的这些变化在 50 岁以上时最为明显。中等胸型和横向胸型的人在 50 岁以后,第一肋骨结节的光密度会下降。而在婀娜胸型的人中,骨结构的光学密度较为稳定。第一肋骨结节和冠状突基底可作为诊断横型和中间型胸廓者全身性骨质疏松症的预后区域。结论根据 SCT 层析成像,对不同胸型的人的第一肋骨和肩胛骨骨组织光学密度变化指标进行确定性分析,客观上有助于预测和随后验证骨质疏松症的表现。我们已经确定了骨组织密度变化的依赖性以及所研究的第一肋骨和肩胛突参数之间的相关结构,这表明存在明显的体型变异,在制定修复治疗方案和预测不同年龄人群骨科疾病的进程时必须考虑到这一点。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Milto I.V. Human Functional Morphology. Textbook in 3 volumes. Vol. 1: Viscerology. M.: Logosphere. 2022 书评:Milto I.V. Human Functional Morphology.教科书共三卷。第 1 卷:粘液学。M.:Logosphere.2022
Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-80-83
N. Shevlyuk
The reviewed book is the first volume of the three-volume textbook “Human Functional Morphology” (Vol. 1 – Viscerology. Vol. 2 – Nervous system and sensory organ system. Vol. 3. Musculoskeletal system and cardiovascular system) and describes morphofunctional features of the human internal organs based on an interdisciplinary approach at the macroscopic, tissue, cellular and subcellular levels. The first volume of the textbook consists of 9 chapters, each of which represents a separate system of the human body. The description of each organ contains signs of the sources and course of development, their morphofunctional features are given, and issues of blood supply, innervation and functional significance are considered. The textbook will be useful for university students of medical and biological specialties, and can be used as a fundamental guide to human morphology by doctors of diverse specialties, biologists and embryologists.
本书是三卷本教科书《人体功能形态学》的第一卷(第 1 卷--粘液学。第 2 卷--神经系统和感觉器官系统。第 3 卷:肌肉骨骼系统和心血管系统),从宏观、组织、细胞和亚细胞层面,以跨学科方法描述了人体内脏器官的形态功能特征。教科书第一卷由 9 章组成,每一章代表人体的一个独立系统。每个器官的描述都包含其来源和发育过程的迹象,给出了它们的形态功能特征,并考虑了血液供应、神经支配和功能意义等问题。这本教科书对医学和生物学专业的大学生有用,也可作为不同专业的医生、生物学家和胚胎学家的人体形态学基础指南。
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引用次数: 0
Neurons and Glial Cells of the Lateral Tuberal Hypothalamic Nucleus in Vascular Dementia 血管性痴呆症患者外侧小脑下丘脑核的神经元和神经胶质细胞
Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2024-13-1-36-41
Т. А. Ishunina
The aim was to study the size and density of neurons and glial cells of the hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus (LTN) in vascular dementia (VD), which is the second most common dementia. Material and methods. The density of neurons and glial cells, the cross-sectional area of nuclei, nucleoli and perikarya of LTN neurons were determined in patients with VD (n=10) and in the control group of individuals (n=10) who did not have any neurological or cognitive dysfunction. Comparison of indicators between groups was carried out using ANOVA and Student's t-test. Results. In VD cases all of the studied morphometric parameters of neurons and their density were decreased by within 20% (p<0.02). An increase in the neuroglial index by an average of 27% (p=0.04) was also noted. Сhanges in the size of neurons and nucleoli were observed regardless of the gender of patients. However, a decrease in the neuronal density (p = 0,008) and an increase in the neuroglial index (p=0,03) were noted only in the group of female patients. Conclusion. VD leads to a decrease in the metabolic activity of neurons of the hypothalamus and of the lateral tuberal nucleus, in particular. Moreover, a part of LTN neurons dies inducing a compensatory and adaptive increase in the population of glial cells. Thus, some late manifestations of VD, such as asthenia and increased exhaustion, may be caused, at least in part by a decrease in the neuronal activity and reorganization of intercellular interactions in the LTN.
目的是研究血管性痴呆(VD)(第二大常见痴呆症)患者下丘脑外侧小管核(LTN)神经元和神经胶质细胞的大小和密度。材料与方法测定血管性痴呆患者(10 人)和无任何神经或认知功能障碍的对照组(10 人)的神经元和神经胶质细胞密度、LTN 神经元的核横截面积、核小叶和核周。组间指标比较采用方差分析和学生 t 检验。研究结果在 VD 病例中,所有研究的神经元形态参数及其密度均下降了 20% 以内(P<0.02)。神经胶质细胞指数也平均增加了 27% (p=0.04)。神经元和核小体的大小变化与患者的性别无关。然而,只有女性患者的神经元密度下降(p=0.008),神经胶质细胞指数上升(p=0.03)。结论VD会导致下丘脑,尤其是侧结节核神经元的代谢活动减少。此外,LTN 的部分神经元会死亡,从而导致神经胶质细胞数量的补偿性和适应性增加。因此,VD 的一些晚期表现,如气喘和疲惫加剧,可能至少部分是由 LTN 神经元活动减少和细胞间相互作用重组引起的。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology
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