V. Meena, Kumar Vinod, S. Imran, Sangwan Punesh, Bora Roop Singh, Yadav Ajar Nath, Dhaliwal Harcharan Singh
Meena Verma1, Vinod Kumar2, Imran Sheikh1, Punesh Sangwan3, Roop Singh Bora1*, Ajar Nath Yadav1, Harcharan Singh Dhaliwal1 1Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India. 2Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. 3Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India.
{"title":"Beneficial effects of soaking and germination on nutritional quality and bioactive compounds of biofortified wheat derivatives","authors":"V. Meena, Kumar Vinod, S. Imran, Sangwan Punesh, Bora Roop Singh, Yadav Ajar Nath, Dhaliwal Harcharan Singh","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9503","url":null,"abstract":"Meena Verma1, Vinod Kumar2, Imran Sheikh1, Punesh Sangwan3, Roop Singh Bora1*, Ajar Nath Yadav1, Harcharan Singh Dhaliwal1 1Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India. 2Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. 3Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46207381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aquaculture from domestic sewage water is an alternate solution for growing scarcity of food to the pressures of population by producing fish and prawn using treated domestic waste effluents. It is an economically viable process particularly in the developing countries, including West Bengal, India. Keeping in view of the above viability, we have cultured three species of fishes Cyprinus carpio, Labeo rohita, and Cirrhinus mrigala in domestic sewage oxidation ponds designed as per National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, India. Biochemical parameters such as serum lactate and serum cholesterol have been investigated in the present study to determine the quality of fishes cultured in sewage oxidation ponds for human consumption. Among all experimental fishes, C. carpio exhibited higher serum lactate (360.40 μg/ml) as compared to L. rohita (301.43 μg/ml) and C. mrigala (286.73 μg/ml). Similarly, high serum cholesterol values were observed in C. carpio as compared to other two species in all the three seasons. During the monsoon season, maximum serum cholesterol were observed in sewage cultured C. carpio (430.45 mg/100 ml) and minimum (278.40 mg/ml) in summer season followed by L. rohita (248.25 and 198.21 mg/100 ml) and C. mrigala (278.40 and 238.37 mg/100 ml). The fishes cultured in fresh water control ponds showed comparatively low values of serum lactate and cholesterol than the experimental fishes. Our results support the concept that good survival and adjustment of the fishes to the pre-treated nutritive domestic sewage water leads to their significant growth with an increased biochemical profile especially with higher levels of cholesterol, which are season dependent.
{"title":"Seasonal analysis of certain biochemical parameters of carps cultured in domestic sewage oxidation ponds","authors":"Ali Sharique A., Raju Hanumanth, Parveen Naima","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9520","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture from domestic sewage water is an alternate solution for growing scarcity of food to the pressures of population by producing fish and prawn using treated domestic waste effluents. It is an economically viable process particularly in the developing countries, including West Bengal, India. Keeping in view of the above viability, we have cultured three species of fishes Cyprinus carpio, Labeo rohita, and Cirrhinus mrigala in domestic sewage oxidation ponds designed as per National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, India. Biochemical parameters such as serum lactate and serum cholesterol have been investigated in the present study to determine the quality of fishes cultured in sewage oxidation ponds for human consumption. Among all experimental fishes, C. carpio exhibited higher serum lactate (360.40 μg/ml) as compared to L. rohita (301.43 μg/ml) and C. mrigala (286.73 μg/ml). Similarly, high serum cholesterol values were observed in C. carpio as compared to other two species in all the three seasons. During the monsoon season, maximum serum cholesterol were observed in sewage cultured C. carpio (430.45 mg/100 ml) and minimum (278.40 mg/ml) in summer season followed by L. rohita (248.25 and 198.21 mg/100 ml) and C. mrigala (278.40 and 238.37 mg/100 ml). The fishes cultured in fresh water control ponds showed comparatively low values of serum lactate and cholesterol than the experimental fishes. Our results support the concept that good survival and adjustment of the fishes to the pre-treated nutritive domestic sewage water leads to their significant growth with an increased biochemical profile especially with higher levels of cholesterol, which are season dependent.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44839534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Millions of people around the world depend on rice as the staple food which is infested by many pathogens causing a huge loss. Synthetic chemicals, fungicides, and bactericides are being used massively to control these pathogens in many countries. Although these pesticides are being able to control many pathogens, non-judicious applications may lead to many environmental and health concerns. Utilization of endophytic microorganisms may be an eco-friendly and sustainable approach in this direction. Endophytic microorganisms remain asymptomatically inside the plants in a symbiotic manner and impart resistance to plants from many biotic and abiotic stresses. Many endophytes have proved to have antagonistic effects toward many pathogens of plants. Some potential endophytes have consistently been isolated from rice and other plants which could control the growth of many rice pathogens. Considering the importance of rice and its many pathogen enemies, research on the use of endophytes to control these pathogens needs to be intensified to minimize crop loss and to meet future rice demands. The present review accentuated the potential of endophytic microorganisms to control some of the important rice pathogens which cause huge loss in many rice-growing areas of the world. This review may encourage researchers for intensified and integrative research in the mentioned area.
{"title":"Rice crop loss due to major pathogens and the potential of endophytic microbes for their control and management","authors":"Nayak Shubhransu, Samanta Soma, Sengupta Chandan, Swain Soumya Sephalika","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9523","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of people around the world depend on rice as the staple food which is infested by many pathogens causing a huge loss. Synthetic chemicals, fungicides, and bactericides are being used massively to control these pathogens in many countries. Although these pesticides are being able to control many pathogens, non-judicious applications may lead to many environmental and health concerns. Utilization of endophytic microorganisms may be an eco-friendly and sustainable approach in this direction. Endophytic microorganisms remain asymptomatically inside the plants in a symbiotic manner and impart resistance to plants from many biotic and abiotic stresses. Many endophytes have proved to have antagonistic effects toward many pathogens of plants. Some potential endophytes have consistently been isolated from rice and other plants which could control the growth of many rice pathogens. Considering the importance of rice and its many pathogen enemies, research on the use of endophytes to control these pathogens needs to be intensified to minimize crop loss and to meet future rice demands. The present review accentuated the potential of endophytic microorganisms to control some of the important rice pathogens which cause huge loss in many rice-growing areas of the world. This review may encourage researchers for intensified and integrative research in the mentioned area.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45450101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naik Nishita S., Murarka Shiva V., S. Dhariya, Shah Bhavini S., Raval Rutvik J., Rao Mandava V.
Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease occurring in tropical and subtropical areas including India. It is manifested by symptoms like fever, headache, rashes, muscle, and joint pains. In our country, Gujarat is one of the highest infected states by this disease due to mosquito bites. Blood samples from such cases were collected and assessed for blood counts, serum transaminases, and blood smears from only positive patients using standard protocols. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) technique was also employed for virus detection. Of 1020 referral cases, from Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Jamnagar, and Anand districts, 184 cases were detected positive (18.03%) from October 2016 to December 2019 (39 months) being highest in 2019. Males had a high frequency (52%) of infection when compared to females (48%), affecting young age groups ranging from moderate to higher level. Furthermore, Ahmedabad district (57%) had a high percentage of infection, compared to others. Marked alterations were also observed with respect to serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, platelets, lymphocytes, and WBC counts in positive cases of 0–20, 21–40, and 40–50 year age groups. Reduced platelet clumping and severe thrombocytopenia (59%) in these cases are early diagnostic markers of dengue, supporting RT-PCR method. Thus from our study, we conclude that dengue infection is caused by various factors such as sex, climate, population, and environment. This outbreak is hence controlled by following health measures strictly, imposed by health departments in Gujarat, Western India.
{"title":"Dengue infection profile in Gujarat, West India: A recent report","authors":"Naik Nishita S., Murarka Shiva V., S. Dhariya, Shah Bhavini S., Raval Rutvik J., Rao Mandava V.","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9514","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease occurring in tropical and subtropical areas including India. It is manifested by symptoms like fever, headache, rashes, muscle, and joint pains. In our country, Gujarat is one of the highest infected states by this disease due to mosquito bites. Blood samples from such cases were collected and assessed for blood counts, serum transaminases, and blood smears from only positive patients using standard protocols. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) technique was also employed for virus detection. Of 1020 referral cases, from Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Jamnagar, and Anand districts, 184 cases were detected positive (18.03%) from October 2016 to December 2019 (39 months) being highest in 2019. Males had a high frequency (52%) of infection when compared to females (48%), affecting young age groups ranging from moderate to higher level. Furthermore, Ahmedabad district (57%) had a high percentage of infection, compared to others. Marked alterations were also observed with respect to serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, platelets, lymphocytes, and WBC counts in positive cases of 0–20, 21–40, and 40–50 year age groups. Reduced platelet clumping and severe thrombocytopenia (59%) in these cases are early diagnostic markers of dengue, supporting RT-PCR method. Thus from our study, we conclude that dengue infection is caused by various factors such as sex, climate, population, and environment. This outbreak is hence controlled by following health measures strictly, imposed by health departments in Gujarat, Western India.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47780460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malaria and typhoid fevers are common disorders of tropical countries, which can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. It is an important cause of fever in India. The prevalence of malaria, typhoid, and their coinfection was studied at a tertiary care, rural-based teaching hospital. A total of 1,378 blood samples from febrile patients in whom initial diagnosis was of either malaria or typhoid fever were analyzed at the Department of Microbiology, SBKS Medical Institute and Research Centre, Pipalia, (District: Vadodara), India. The blood samples received from the outpatient department and also from the inpatient department of all age groups during January 2015–December 2019 were analyzed. The rapid diagnostic test and peripheral smear by Giemsa stain was carried out for diagnosis of malaria. Widal test was used for screening for typhoid which was further confirmed by blood culture and clinical diagnosis. Of the 1,378 febrile patients, 271 and 95 cases were diagnosed with typhoid fever and malaria, respectively. Coinfection was found in 18 (4.7%) cases. Of the total 1,378 febrile patients initially screened for both these conditions, males and females were 50.7% and 49.3%, respectively. Of the 95 patients of malaria, male preponderance was present (72.6% vs 27.4%), while typhoid had female dominance (male: 45.4%; female: 54.6%). The prevalence of malaria, typhoid, and coinfection was highest in the age group of 16–30 years, which was around 43%–45%. The study revealed that the typhoid prevalence rate was higher than malaria in patients in whom initial diagnosis was made of either malaria or typhoid. Fever cases, in which either malaria or typhoid was suspected on basis of clinical symptoms (27.86%, 384 out of 1,378 samples), were having positive results of either malaria, typhoid, or both.
疟疾和伤寒是热带国家常见的疾病，可导致大量发病率和死亡率。它是印度发烧的一个重要原因。在一家三级保健的农村教学医院研究了疟疾、伤寒及其合并感染的流行情况。在印度Pipalia (Vadodara区)SBKS医学研究所和研究中心微生物学系，对最初诊断为疟疾或伤寒的发热患者的总共1,378份血液样本进行了分析。分析2015年1月至2019年12月期间门诊和住院各年龄组的血液样本。采用快速诊断试验和吉姆萨染色外周涂片对疟疾进行诊断。采用维达尔试验对伤寒进行筛查，经血培养和临床诊断进一步证实。在1378名发热病人中，分别有271人和95人被诊断为伤寒和疟疾。合并感染18例(4.7%)。在最初筛查这两种情况的1378名发热患者中，男性和女性分别占50.7%和49.3%。95例疟疾患者以男性为主(72.6% vs 27.4%)，伤寒患者以女性为主(男性45.4%;女:54.6%)。16 ~ 30岁年龄组疟疾、伤寒和合并感染患病率最高，约为43% ~ 45%。该研究表明，在最初诊断为疟疾或伤寒的患者中，伤寒的患病率高于疟疾。根据临床症状怀疑为疟疾或伤寒的发热病例(在1378份样本中有384份，即27.86%)，疟疾、伤寒或两者均呈阳性结果。
{"title":"Prevalence of malaria and typhoid fever and coinfection in all febrile patients attending at tertiary care hospital in Vadodara","authors":"Vasava Sangita Devubhai, Lakhani Sucheta Jitendra, Lakhani Jitendra Devjibhai","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9518","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria and typhoid fevers are common disorders of tropical countries, which can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. It is an important cause of fever in India. The prevalence of malaria, typhoid, and their coinfection was studied at a tertiary care, rural-based teaching hospital. A total of 1,378 blood samples from febrile patients in whom initial diagnosis was of either malaria or typhoid fever were analyzed at the Department of Microbiology, SBKS Medical Institute and Research Centre, Pipalia, (District: Vadodara), India. The blood samples received from the outpatient department and also from the inpatient department of all age groups during January 2015–December 2019 were analyzed. The rapid diagnostic test and peripheral smear by Giemsa stain was carried out for diagnosis of malaria. Widal test was used for screening for typhoid which was further confirmed by blood culture and clinical diagnosis. Of the 1,378 febrile patients, 271 and 95 cases were diagnosed with typhoid fever and malaria, respectively. Coinfection was found in 18 (4.7%) cases. Of the total 1,378 febrile patients initially screened for both these conditions, males and females were 50.7% and 49.3%, respectively. Of the 95 patients of malaria, male preponderance was present (72.6% vs 27.4%), while typhoid had female dominance (male: 45.4%; female: 54.6%). The prevalence of malaria, typhoid, and coinfection was highest in the age group of 16–30 years, which was around 43%–45%. The study revealed that the typhoid prevalence rate was higher than malaria in patients in whom initial diagnosis was made of either malaria or typhoid. Fever cases, in which either malaria or typhoid was suspected on basis of clinical symptoms (27.86%, 384 out of 1,378 samples), were having positive results of either malaria, typhoid, or both.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44703636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extensive usage of nonrenewable fossil fuels has urged the community to look into alternate renewable energy such as biofuels. The production of biofuels, including bioethanol, biohydrogen, biodiesel, etc., from crop plants again leads to food insecurity. Hence, the usage of algae, particularly green algae, is the best alternatives to generate biofuels. In the present study, the effects of various factors involved in algal growth in turn bioethanol and biohydrogen production levels were established by choosing green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Specifically, we crosschecked the effect of heavy metal Cobalt (Co), sodium bicarbonate, and Tris-acetate-phosphate (TAP) medium without Tris base on growth and biofuel production from C. reinhardtii under in vitro conditions. In the current work, 0.2 mg/l Co in TAP medium enhanced the growth and biomass in C. reinhardtii cultures. Furthermore, ethanol production levels were improved in feedstocks grown in TAP medium with 2.0 mg/l sodium bicarbonate. In another experiment, hydrogen production was high in full TAP medium with Tris (trisaminomethane) base when compared to TAP without Tris base. In conclusion, this work may be useful to improve the biomass and biofuel production in green algae.
{"title":"Effects of various factors on biomass, bioethanol, and biohydrogen production in green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","authors":"Sudha Narravula Raga, Varaprasad Duddela, Bramhachari Pallaval Veera, S. Poda, Chandrasekhar Thummala","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9521","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive usage of nonrenewable fossil fuels has urged the community to look into alternate renewable energy such as biofuels. The production of biofuels, including bioethanol, biohydrogen, biodiesel, etc., from crop plants again leads to food insecurity. Hence, the usage of algae, particularly green algae, is the best alternatives to generate biofuels. In the present study, the effects of various factors involved in algal growth in turn bioethanol and biohydrogen production levels were established by choosing green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Specifically, we crosschecked the effect of heavy metal Cobalt (Co), sodium bicarbonate, and Tris-acetate-phosphate (TAP) medium without Tris base on growth and biofuel production from C. reinhardtii under in vitro conditions. In the current work, 0.2 mg/l Co in TAP medium enhanced the growth and biomass in C. reinhardtii cultures. Furthermore, ethanol production levels were improved in feedstocks grown in TAP medium with 2.0 mg/l sodium bicarbonate. In another experiment, hydrogen production was high in full TAP medium with Tris (trisaminomethane) base when compared to TAP without Tris base. In conclusion, this work may be useful to improve the biomass and biofuel production in green algae.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43187218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study explored the morphological features of multipolar neurons in the lateral cortical area of the telencephalon of a catfish, Clarias batrachus, employing Golgi staining. In C. batrachus, the multipolar neurons have round to multiangular soma with axon emerged adjacent to either basal or apical dendrites. Branched apical and basal dendrites are of various thicknesses with few dendritic spines on them. Multipolar neurons have shown uniform distribution in both the center and toward the boundary of the lateral cortical area. The morphological features and position suggest that the role of this neuronal type in maintaining the local circuit as well as in transmitting information acting as projection neurons to the adjacent telencephalic region.
{"title":"Morphological status of multipolar neurons in the lateral cortical area of the telencephalon of a catfish, Clarias batrachus: A Golgi study","authors":"Mohanty Banalata, Ojha Anil Kumar","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9511","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explored the morphological features of multipolar neurons in the lateral cortical area of the telencephalon of a catfish, Clarias batrachus, employing Golgi staining. In C. batrachus, the multipolar neurons have round to multiangular soma with axon emerged adjacent to either basal or apical dendrites. Branched apical and basal dendrites are of various thicknesses with few dendritic spines on them. Multipolar neurons have shown uniform distribution in both the center and toward the boundary of the lateral cortical area. The morphological features and position suggest that the role of this neuronal type in maintaining the local circuit as well as in transmitting information acting as projection neurons to the adjacent telencephalic region.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42304612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study was carried out to find the microbiological profile along with the risk factors and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a teaching hospital. All the catheterized patients satisfying the criteria of catheter-associated urinary infection (CAUTI) and catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria (CA-ASB) were included in the study. Urine samples received from CAUTI patients were followed-up further. Samples were collected and inoculated on MacConkey’s agar and Blood agar. Identification and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of bacterial isolates were carried out by automated system, i.e., Vitek-2, as per standard protocols. Duration of catheterization and various risk factors were also recorded in detail. Out of 247 urine samples of hospital acquired infection, 50 samples satisfied the criteria of CAUTI. The most common organism isolated was Escherichia coli (38%), followed by Pseudomonas sp. (24%) and Klebsiella sp. (24%). Maximum isolates were from the medicine ward (40%). Gram-negative isolates showed dominance over the Gram-positive isolates. Such increasing figures of CAUTI incidents pose a great challenge to the hospital management and threat to the patients with underlying illness. With strict adherence to the catheter care of patients and use of infection control practices, we can significantly decline the rate of developing CAUTI.
{"title":"A comprehensive study of microbiological profile, risk factors and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of catheter associated urinary tract infection in a teaching hospital of Gujarat","authors":"Panjwani Dipak Motilal, Lakhani Sucheta Jitendra, Mehta Sanjay Jayantilal, Kikani Kunjan Madhukar, Shah Khushi Shyam","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9512","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was carried out to find the microbiological profile along with the risk factors and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a teaching hospital. All the catheterized patients satisfying the criteria of catheter-associated urinary infection (CAUTI) and catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria (CA-ASB) were included in the study. Urine samples received from CAUTI patients were followed-up further. Samples were collected and inoculated on MacConkey’s agar and Blood agar. Identification and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of bacterial isolates were carried out by automated system, i.e., Vitek-2, as per standard protocols. Duration of catheterization and various risk factors were also recorded in detail. Out of 247 urine samples of hospital acquired infection, 50 samples satisfied the criteria of CAUTI. The most common organism isolated was Escherichia coli (38%), followed by Pseudomonas sp. (24%) and Klebsiella sp. (24%). Maximum isolates were from the medicine ward (40%). Gram-negative isolates showed dominance over the Gram-positive isolates. Such increasing figures of CAUTI incidents pose a great challenge to the hospital management and threat to the patients with underlying illness. With strict adherence to the catheter care of patients and use of infection control practices, we can significantly decline the rate of developing CAUTI.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48228880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Basha Piler Mahaboob, Rakesh Hanumanthappa, Mani Saumya S.
Spermatogenesis is extremely sensitive to fluctuations in the environment, particularly temperature and hormones. Sperm dysfunction, a root cause of male infertility, is a commonly allied complication of diabetes mellitus. Our previous studies cogitate that cold stress (15°C) exacerbates the complications and the resultant oxidative stress plays a major role in testicular and epididymis dysfunction in diabetic rats. Despite the strong biologic prospect for this postulation, establishing a direct link between free radicals and specific disease is an in-dire need, and in this context, this study focuses on investigating the sperm quality parameters and their relationship to testicular oxidative stress indices of cold stress diabetes in Wistar rats. The results indicate a cumulative impact by diminishing sperm parameters, viz. sperm density, viability, motility, mortality, and acrosome intactness in cold-stressed diabetic rats. The findings also reveal a strong positive Pearson’s correlation between the sperm quality parameters and testicular lipid peroxidation, which reflects the influence of oxidative stress on sperm dysfunction. Together with duel stressor effects, the efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanolic (MOLE) extract is appended to assess its therapeutic role. The apparent effectiveness of MOLE therapy at 250 and 500 mg/kg bw for 60 days aided in suppressing oxidative stress and improved semen quality demonstrating the causative nature of these associations; hence, Moringa usage is recommended as a therapeutic agent for male reproductive dysfunctions in population residing in colder climates.
{"title":"Correlates of sperm quality parameters and oxidative stress indices in diabetic rats exposed to cold stress: Role of Moringa oleifera leaf extract","authors":"Basha Piler Mahaboob, Rakesh Hanumanthappa, Mani Saumya S.","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9510","url":null,"abstract":"Spermatogenesis is extremely sensitive to fluctuations in the environment, particularly temperature and hormones. Sperm dysfunction, a root cause of male infertility, is a commonly allied complication of diabetes mellitus. Our previous studies cogitate that cold stress (15°C) exacerbates the complications and the resultant oxidative stress plays a major role in testicular and epididymis dysfunction in diabetic rats. Despite the strong biologic prospect for this postulation, establishing a direct link between free radicals and specific disease is an in-dire need, and in this context, this study focuses on investigating the sperm quality parameters and their relationship to testicular oxidative stress indices of cold stress diabetes in Wistar rats. The results indicate a cumulative impact by diminishing sperm parameters, viz. sperm density, viability, motility, mortality, and acrosome intactness in cold-stressed diabetic rats. The findings also reveal a strong positive Pearson’s correlation between the sperm quality parameters and testicular lipid peroxidation, which reflects the influence of oxidative stress on sperm dysfunction. Together with duel stressor effects, the efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanolic (MOLE) extract is appended to assess its therapeutic role. The apparent effectiveness of MOLE therapy at 250 and 500 mg/kg bw for 60 days aided in suppressing oxidative stress and improved semen quality demonstrating the causative nature of these associations; hence, Moringa usage is recommended as a therapeutic agent for male reproductive dysfunctions in population residing in colder climates.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46825400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Shreya, Thaleshwari Saahiba, Dsouza Myrene Roselyn
One of the major complications seen in patients with diabetes mellitus is cataract. Many medicinal plants have been used for preventing this major secondary complication. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the anticataract activity of the leaf extract of Mentha spicata extract (ME) on glucose-induced cataractogenesis on isolated goat lens. The freshly isolated goat lenses taken were divided into five experimental groups and incubated for 72 hours: 55 mM glucose alone (Group I), 100 μg/ml ME + 55 mM glucose (Group II), 300 μg/ ml ME + 55 mM glucose (Group III), 500 μg/ml ME + 55 mM glucose (Group IV), and 12 ng/ml Enalapril + 55 mM glucose (Group V), respectively. Various biochemical parameters such as total protein, H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione, Cu2+-induced lipoprotein dienes, and enzymatic antioxidants like catalase and guaiacol peroxidase were measured in the lens homogenate after incubation. Complete opacity was observed in Group 1 which underwent glucose-induced cataractogenesis correlating with high levels of MDA, reduced amounts of total protein, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants compared to Group II. Due to the presence of ME in Group II, pre-oxidative damage to the lenses caused by glucose was prevented. Hence, it was seen that the leaf extract of M. spicata prevented glucose-induced oxidative damage in the lenses, which may help in delaying the onset of cataract.
{"title":"Preclinical evaluation of anticataract activity of Mentha spicata leaves on isolated goat lens by an in vitro model","authors":"M. Shreya, Thaleshwari Saahiba, Dsouza Myrene Roselyn","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9506","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major complications seen in patients with diabetes mellitus is cataract. Many medicinal plants have been used for preventing this major secondary complication. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the anticataract activity of the leaf extract of Mentha spicata extract (ME) on glucose-induced cataractogenesis on isolated goat lens. The freshly isolated goat lenses taken were divided into five experimental groups and incubated for 72 hours: 55 mM glucose alone (Group I), 100 μg/ml ME + 55 mM glucose (Group II), 300 μg/ ml ME + 55 mM glucose (Group III), 500 μg/ml ME + 55 mM glucose (Group IV), and 12 ng/ml Enalapril + 55 mM glucose (Group V), respectively. Various biochemical parameters such as total protein, H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione, Cu2+-induced lipoprotein dienes, and enzymatic antioxidants like catalase and guaiacol peroxidase were measured in the lens homogenate after incubation. Complete opacity was observed in Group 1 which underwent glucose-induced cataractogenesis correlating with high levels of MDA, reduced amounts of total protein, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants compared to Group II. Due to the presence of ME in Group II, pre-oxidative damage to the lenses caused by glucose was prevented. Hence, it was seen that the leaf extract of M. spicata prevented glucose-induced oxidative damage in the lenses, which may help in delaying the onset of cataract.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42747067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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