In Vietnam, banana is a popular fruit that is grown and consumed as a ripe fruit or used for cooking. During industrial processing, its peel is removed as a waste product (about 18%–33% of the whole fruit) containing many bioactive compounds useful for human health. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of extraction conditions such as the ratio of solvent to solid (ml/g), extraction temperature (oC), and extraction time (minutes) on extraction yield such as total polyphenol and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC, respectively). The response surface methodology and Box–Behnken design were used to optimize the extraction of antioxidant compounds from “Xiem” banana peels cultivated in U Minh district, Cà Mau province, Vietnam. The results showed that the most important variable in the extraction process was solvent concentration. Optimal conditions were found to be 60%, 76:1, 68oC, and 48 minutes for solvent concentration, solvent-to-solid ratio, temperature, and time, respectively, resulting in the maximum TPC and TFC, 62.41 mgGAE/g and 6.98 mgQE/g, respectively.
{"title":"Optimization of extraction conditions of phytochemical compounds in “Xiem” banana peel powder using response surface methodology","authors":"N. V. Tai, Mai Nhat Linh, N. Thuy","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9607","url":null,"abstract":"In Vietnam, banana is a popular fruit that is grown and consumed as a ripe fruit or used for cooking. During industrial processing, its peel is removed as a waste product (about 18%–33% of the whole fruit) containing many bioactive compounds useful for human health. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of extraction conditions such as the ratio of solvent to solid (ml/g), extraction temperature (oC), and extraction time (minutes) on extraction yield such as total polyphenol and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC, respectively). The response surface methodology and Box–Behnken design were used to optimize the extraction of antioxidant compounds from “Xiem” banana peels cultivated in U Minh district, Cà Mau province, Vietnam. The results showed that the most important variable in the extraction process was solvent concentration. Optimal conditions were found to be 60%, 76:1, 68oC, and 48 minutes for solvent concentration, solvent-to-solid ratio, temperature, and time, respectively, resulting in the maximum TPC and TFC, 62.41 mgGAE/g and 6.98 mgQE/g, respectively.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41639687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Lal, A. Kumari, Ishita Guleria, Jyoti Dhatwalia, S. Thakur, S. Kumari, Subhash Sharma
{"title":"An insight on micro propagation of Myrica species for improvement in cultivation practices of nutraceutically important fruits","authors":"S. Lal, A. Kumari, Ishita Guleria, Jyoti Dhatwalia, S. Thakur, S. Kumari, Subhash Sharma","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9604","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48665816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Renugadevi, M. P. Ayyappadas, V. Priya, M. Shobana, K. Vivekanandhan
Endophytic bacteria found in all the plant that colonizes the internal tissues of their host plant and establish different relationships, such as symbiotic, commensalistic, mutualistic, and tophobiotic. The molecular basis of endophytic interactions is still not well understood. Endophytic bacteria improve plant growth under normal and difficult circumstances. They increase nutrient uptake, modify the plant growth, synthesis phytohormones, and secondary metabolites, also provide defense mechanism against pathogens and pests by hydrolytic enzymes with nutrient limitation. Endophytes has greatest phosphate solubilization potential and nitrogen fixation properties and produce siderophore compound in order to uptake Fe. This review focus on the isolation, screening, molecular identification by 16SrRNA sequencing and highlights of potential application of bacterial endophytes.
{"title":"Applications of bacterial endophytes and their advanced identification methodologies","authors":"R. Renugadevi, M. P. Ayyappadas, V. Priya, M. Shobana, K. Vivekanandhan","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9606","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic bacteria found in all the plant that colonizes the internal tissues of their host plant and establish different relationships, such as symbiotic, commensalistic, mutualistic, and tophobiotic. The molecular basis of endophytic interactions is still not well understood. Endophytic bacteria improve plant growth under normal and difficult circumstances. They increase nutrient uptake, modify the plant growth, synthesis phytohormones, and secondary metabolites, also provide defense mechanism against pathogens and pests by hydrolytic enzymes with nutrient limitation. Endophytes has greatest phosphate solubilization potential and nitrogen fixation properties and produce siderophore compound in order to uptake Fe. This review focus on the isolation, screening, molecular identification by 16SrRNA sequencing and highlights of potential application of bacterial endophytes.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42786477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil is one of the most promising sources for the presence of a variety of microorganisms which produce different hydrolytic enzymes. Such microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, etc. The ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes makes them potential candidates for hydrolysis of complex polymeric substrates. The present study aims at screening, isolating, and characterizing cellulolytic bacteria isolated from soil samples. Nine different soil samples were collected from different locations near Raigad district, Maharashtra, India. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was used as a sole source of carbon for screening of cellulase-producing isolates. Forty-five different cellulase-producing bacteria were isolated based on their ability to decolorize Congo red and iodine. The morphological and molecular characterization of seven best isolates was carried out for their identification. All seven isolates were identified to be Bacillus species using 16s rRNA gene-based sequencing. The optimization of cellulase enzyme production of these seven isolates was carried out by using different parameters such as pH, temperature, and carbon sources. Majority of the cellulase producers identified in the present research work were found to be mesophiles. pH ranging from 6 to 8 was found to be most suitable to produce cellulase enzyme by the isolates. The data suggest that polymeric substances such as starch and CMC act as inducers for cellulase production.
{"title":"Isolation and identification of bacteria with cellulose-degrading potential from soil and optimization of cellulase production","authors":"Shweta Ashok Bhagat, Seema Sambhaji Kokitkar","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.96020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.96020","url":null,"abstract":"Soil is one of the most promising sources for the presence of a variety of microorganisms which produce different hydrolytic enzymes. Such microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, etc. The ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes makes them potential candidates for hydrolysis of complex polymeric substrates. The present study aims at screening, isolating, and characterizing cellulolytic bacteria isolated from soil samples. Nine different soil samples were collected from different locations near Raigad district, Maharashtra, India. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was used as a sole source of carbon for screening of cellulase-producing isolates. Forty-five different cellulase-producing bacteria were isolated based on their ability to decolorize Congo red and iodine. The morphological and molecular characterization of seven best isolates was carried out for their identification. All seven isolates were identified to be Bacillus species using 16s rRNA gene-based sequencing. The optimization of cellulase enzyme production of these seven isolates was carried out by using different parameters such as pH, temperature, and carbon sources. Majority of the cellulase producers identified in the present research work were found to be mesophiles. pH ranging from 6 to 8 was found to be most suitable to produce cellulase enzyme by the isolates. The data suggest that polymeric substances such as starch and CMC act as inducers for cellulase production.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44791673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyanobacteria notably called blue-green algae mostly inhabit moist soils and water. These species constitute a major part of the phytoplanktonic biomass in freshwater ponds. cyanobacteria serve as the significant resource in various applications like medicine, mariculture, feed, fuel, and in combating pollution. Cyanobacterial biodiversity provides various useful insights and is considered an important ecological parameter in freshwater aquaculture. The present research work aims to study the biodiversity of cyanobacteria among 20 different freshwater ponds in Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, India. The samples were collected and pure culture was obtained, followed by maintenance in the BG-11 medium. The species were identified and classified based on the size, shape, and color (morphological features) of the blue-green algae using a trinocular microscope. The physicochemical characteristics such as pH, temperature, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, etc., of the freshwater ponds were also studied as they greatly influence the cyanobacterial biodiversity. The abundance of cyanobacteria was seen in a low amount of dissolved oxygen, pH of 8.0 with high oxidizable organic content. About 42 distinct cyanobacterial species were isolated consisting of 25 versatile families of cyanobacteria. Chlorophyceae was found to be predominantly present in the fresh water ecosystem, followed by Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Ulvophyceae, and Dinophyceae. The present study revealed the biodiversity of blue-green algae from the fresh water ponds of Pudukkottai District which holds as the baseline data for the more detailed studies in future.
{"title":"Biodiversity of cyanobacteria in fresh water ponds of Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Dhanalakshmi Jayakumar, J. Pandiyan","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.96016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.96016","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacteria notably called blue-green algae mostly inhabit moist soils and water. These species constitute a major part of the phytoplanktonic biomass in freshwater ponds. cyanobacteria serve as the significant resource in various applications like medicine, mariculture, feed, fuel, and in combating pollution. Cyanobacterial biodiversity provides various useful insights and is considered an important ecological parameter in freshwater aquaculture. The present research work aims to study the biodiversity of cyanobacteria among 20 different freshwater ponds in Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, India. The samples were collected and pure culture was obtained, followed by maintenance in the BG-11 medium. The species were identified and classified based on the size, shape, and color (morphological features) of the blue-green algae using a trinocular microscope. The physicochemical characteristics such as pH, temperature, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, etc., of the freshwater ponds were also studied as they greatly influence the cyanobacterial biodiversity. The abundance of cyanobacteria was seen in a low amount of dissolved oxygen, pH of 8.0 with high oxidizable organic content. About 42 distinct cyanobacterial species were isolated consisting of 25 versatile families of cyanobacteria. Chlorophyceae was found to be predominantly present in the fresh water ecosystem, followed by Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Ulvophyceae, and Dinophyceae. The present study revealed the biodiversity of blue-green algae from the fresh water ponds of Pudukkottai District which holds as the baseline data for the more detailed studies in future.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44685189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) has attracted much interest recently due to its potential application as a source of natural food colorings and antioxidants. Along with conventional methods, this study applied ultrasound and microwave techniques in the extraction of natural pigments, as well as bioactive compounds. For this purpose, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) (temperature 60oC–80oC, time 15–60 minutes, solid-toliquid ratio 5:100 (g/ml), 490 W, and 42 kHz frequency), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) (microwave’s power levels 200–600 W, time 3–6 minutes), and conventional extraction (CE) (temperature 60oC–80oC, time 15–60 minutes) were applied. The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) effect of MAE and UAE on anthocyanins and antioxidant activities ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of butterfly pea flowers extract in comparison with CE. The MAE and UAE methods improved anthocyanin yield by 14.11% and 15.01% with the highest total anthocyanin content obtained by UAE (70oC and 5 minutes). Multiple regression analysis was performed to select the optimal parameters by UAE (74oC for 56.88 minutes) with the highest concentration of anthocyanins (39.90 mg/l) and FRAP (μMFeSO4/100 ml) in the extract. Five anthocyanin compounds, delphinidin-hex, cyanidin-hexose-deoxyHex, delphinidin-deoxyhex-hex, cyanidin-hexose-2 deoxyHex, and delphinidin-hexose-2 deoxyHex, were identified in the extract.
{"title":"Effect of extraction techniques on anthocyanin from butterfly pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea L.) cultivated in Vietnam","authors":"N. Thuy, T. Ben, V. Minh, N. V. Tai","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.96022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.96022","url":null,"abstract":"The butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) has attracted much interest recently due to its potential application as a source of natural food colorings and antioxidants. Along with conventional methods, this study applied ultrasound and microwave techniques in the extraction of natural pigments, as well as bioactive compounds. For this purpose, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) (temperature 60oC–80oC, time 15–60 minutes, solid-toliquid ratio 5:100 (g/ml), 490 W, and 42 kHz frequency), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) (microwave’s power levels 200–600 W, time 3–6 minutes), and conventional extraction (CE) (temperature 60oC–80oC, time 15–60 minutes) were applied. The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) effect of MAE and UAE on anthocyanins and antioxidant activities ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of butterfly pea flowers extract in comparison with CE. The MAE and UAE methods improved anthocyanin yield by 14.11% and 15.01% with the highest total anthocyanin content obtained by UAE (70oC and 5 minutes). Multiple regression analysis was performed to select the optimal parameters by UAE (74oC for 56.88 minutes) with the highest concentration of anthocyanins (39.90 mg/l) and FRAP (μMFeSO4/100 ml) in the extract. Five anthocyanin compounds, delphinidin-hex, cyanidin-hexose-deoxyHex, delphinidin-deoxyhex-hex, cyanidin-hexose-2 deoxyHex, and delphinidin-hexose-2 deoxyHex, were identified in the extract.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46862798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afreen Shahid1, Chitranshu Pandey2, Farhan Ahmad3 , Aisha Kamal4* 1Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India. 2Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ram Swaroop Memorial University, Lucknow, India. 3 Department of Biotechnology, Ashoka Institute of Technology and Management, (affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow), Varanasi, India. 4Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
{"title":"Bacterial bioremediation: Strategies adopted by microbial-community to remediate lead from the environment","authors":"Afreen Shahid, C. Pandey, Farhan Ahmad, A. Kamal","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9602","url":null,"abstract":"Afreen Shahid1, Chitranshu Pandey2, Farhan Ahmad3 , Aisha Kamal4* 1Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India. 2Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ram Swaroop Memorial University, Lucknow, India. 3 Department of Biotechnology, Ashoka Institute of Technology and Management, (affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow), Varanasi, India. 4Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44173492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Centurión, E. Diarte, A. Galeano, María S. Soverina, W. Arrua, M. L. Kennedy, M. A. Campuzano-Bublitz
Diabetes is a serious chronic pathology, with long-term effects including damage to blood vessels or diabetic dyslipidemia. Diabetic dyslipidemia is characterized by increasing concentrations of low-density triglycerides and lipoproteins and a decrease in high-density lipoproteins HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Prosopis ruscifolia on lipid profile in albino Swiss mice with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Hyperglycemia was induced by alloxan and the animals were orally treated with Pr (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) for 45 days. Hyperlipidemia was induced with tyloxapol and the animals were treated with Pr (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). In hyperglycemic animals treated with 100 mg/kg, there was a decrease in the concentration of cholesterol, a decrease in the concentration of triglycerides, and an increase in HDL-c at the end of treatment compared to untreated hyperglycemic animals. In mice with hyperlipidemia treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of Pr, serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were reduced. HDL-c increased in animals treated with Pr 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg compared to untreated animals. It was observed that the administration of P. ruscifolia in hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic animals had a favorable effect on the lipid profile.
{"title":"Pharmacological evaluation of Prosopis ruscifolia extract on lipid profile in hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic mice","authors":"J. Centurión, E. Diarte, A. Galeano, María S. Soverina, W. Arrua, M. L. Kennedy, M. A. Campuzano-Bublitz","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.96017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.96017","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a serious chronic pathology, with long-term effects including damage to blood vessels or diabetic dyslipidemia. Diabetic dyslipidemia is characterized by increasing concentrations of low-density triglycerides and lipoproteins and a decrease in high-density lipoproteins HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Prosopis ruscifolia on lipid profile in albino Swiss mice with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Hyperglycemia was induced by alloxan and the animals were orally treated with Pr (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) for 45 days. Hyperlipidemia was induced with tyloxapol and the animals were treated with Pr (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). In hyperglycemic animals treated with 100 mg/kg, there was a decrease in the concentration of cholesterol, a decrease in the concentration of triglycerides, and an increase in HDL-c at the end of treatment compared to untreated hyperglycemic animals. In mice with hyperlipidemia treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of Pr, serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were reduced. HDL-c increased in animals treated with Pr 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg compared to untreated animals. It was observed that the administration of P. ruscifolia in hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic animals had a favorable effect on the lipid profile.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41601839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suhaga Dohare, Devendrap . Singh, Deepmala Sharma, V. Agarwal
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the two most commonly detected bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exerts significant impacts on pathogenesis through quorum-sensing regulation, while S. epidermidis role has always remained a matter of interest due to its frequent presence in most of the hospitalized samples and even inside the body during operation procedures. In this study, the effect of S. epidermidis cells on P. aeruginosa pathogenesis was analyzed. The effect of S. epidermidis cells on P. aeruginosa growth was analyzed by using microtiter plate assay, Colony forming unit (CFU), and microscopy. The effect of virulence factors including protease, rhamnolipid, and swarming motility was also investigated. Escherichia coli pJN105LpSC11, a bioreporter strain, was used to analyze the effect of S. epidermidis on P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing. The growth of P. aeruginosa did not affect S. epidermidis cells of 5.5x109, 6x109, 7x109, 8.5x109, and 1.5x1010 CFU/ml, and microscopy results are consistent with the findings. P. aeruginosaassociated virulence factors show that with increasing S. epidermidis counts, P. aeruginosa-associated virulence factors were reduced. No effect of S. epidermidis on P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing was observed. The outcomes suggest that S. epidermidis can be used as an alternative to reduce Pseudomonas aeruginosaassociated virulence factors and its pathogenesis.
{"title":"The effect of Staphylococcus epidermidis cells on Pseudomonas aeruginosa-associated virulence factors","authors":"Suhaga Dohare, Devendrap . Singh, Deepmala Sharma, V. Agarwal","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.96015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.96015","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the two most commonly detected bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exerts significant impacts on pathogenesis through quorum-sensing regulation, while S. epidermidis role has always remained a matter of interest due to its frequent presence in most of the hospitalized samples and even inside the body during operation procedures. In this study, the effect of S. epidermidis cells on P. aeruginosa pathogenesis was analyzed. The effect of S. epidermidis cells on P. aeruginosa growth was analyzed by using microtiter plate assay, Colony forming unit (CFU), and microscopy. The effect of virulence factors including protease, rhamnolipid, and swarming motility was also investigated. Escherichia coli pJN105LpSC11, a bioreporter strain, was used to analyze the effect of S. epidermidis on P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing. The growth of P. aeruginosa did not affect S. epidermidis cells of 5.5x109, 6x109, 7x109, 8.5x109, and 1.5x1010 CFU/ml, and microscopy results are consistent with the findings. P. aeruginosaassociated virulence factors show that with increasing S. epidermidis counts, P. aeruginosa-associated virulence factors were reduced. No effect of S. epidermidis on P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing was observed. The outcomes suggest that S. epidermidis can be used as an alternative to reduce Pseudomonas aeruginosaassociated virulence factors and its pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48663360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The whole world was fighting the danger of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) since 2019. The SARS-CoV-2 virus was mutating with great speed, and putting new challenges in front of the world. In India, the whole healthcare system was engaged in tackling the second wave of COVID-19 as a result of virus mutation. Additionally, a fungal co-infection, mucormycosis started to invade the COVID-19 patients. Mucormycosis is an acute infection, caused by an opportunistic fungus, mostly attacks the immunosuppressed, diabetic, and neutropenia patients. The other causes of infection include inappropriate use of immunosuppressive drugs, entry of Mucorales through open wounds, cancer, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, organ transplant, and malnutrition. In the recent mucormycosis outbreak in India, all the mucormycosis cases included eyesight damage, facial deformities, and even death in critical conditions. These reported mucormycosis cases in India were mostly diabetes, which were treated with immunosuppressive drugs. The mucormycosis fungus was probably invading the recovered, or near to recovery the second wave COVID-19 patients. In this review, we discussed the important risk factors responsible for the sudden outbreak of mucormycosis, and its severity linked to second wave COVID-19 patients in India.
{"title":"The linkage between the second wave of COVID-19 and the severity of mucormycosis in India","authors":"Kshama Murarkar, S. Mankar","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9605","url":null,"abstract":"The whole world was fighting the danger of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) since 2019. The SARS-CoV-2 virus was mutating with great speed, and putting new challenges in front of the world. In India, the whole healthcare system was engaged in tackling the second wave of COVID-19 as a result of virus mutation. Additionally, a fungal co-infection, mucormycosis started to invade the COVID-19 patients. Mucormycosis is an acute infection, caused by an opportunistic fungus, mostly attacks the immunosuppressed, diabetic, and neutropenia patients. The other causes of infection include inappropriate use of immunosuppressive drugs, entry of Mucorales through open wounds, cancer, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, organ transplant, and malnutrition. In the recent mucormycosis outbreak in India, all the mucormycosis cases included eyesight damage, facial deformities, and even death in critical conditions. These reported mucormycosis cases in India were mostly diabetes, which were treated with immunosuppressive drugs. The mucormycosis fungus was probably invading the recovered, or near to recovery the second wave COVID-19 patients. In this review, we discussed the important risk factors responsible for the sudden outbreak of mucormycosis, and its severity linked to second wave COVID-19 patients in India.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45661542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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