Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2021.100109
Thuyet Nguyen Minh, Tan Huynh Manh, Tai Ngo Van
In a developed society, health problems such as the risk of weight gain, diabetes, and heart diseases are often associated with a high-sugar diet. Food product reform is seen as one of the tools to promote healthier eating. Calorie-reduced product processing not only targeted diabetics but now also focuseds on human health. The experiments were designed based on the response surface methodology using the three-level-three-factor Box–Behnken design with total soluble solid (TSS) (40%–50%), low methoxyl pectin (LMP) (0.1%–0.3%), and kappa-carrageenan (k-carrageenan) (0.1%–0.3%) at a constant fruit batch of 10 kg. In the evaluation of jam, the viscosity, water activity, and bioactive compounds (anthocyanin, total polyphenol, and vitamin C) were determined and optimized in order to produce reduced-calorie blackberry jam (filling type) with favorable viscosity, water activity, and bioactive compounds. The results showed that the model fit was significant (p < 0.05); a satisfactory correlation between the experimental and the predicted values was found (high coefficient of determination R2). All three factors affect the quality of the products, with sugar showing significant influence on physical characteristics, maintaining bioactive compounds and overall acceptability of the product. The overlay contour plot of quality attributes showed that the reduced-calorie blackberry jam should use 0.18% LMP , 0.22% k-carrageenan, and 45% TSS. Thus, the reduced-calorie jam produced from these optimum levels had better characteristics than the others.
{"title":"Optimization of ingredient levels of reduced-calorie blackberry jam using response surface methodology","authors":"Thuyet Nguyen Minh, Tan Huynh Manh, Tai Ngo Van","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.100109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.100109","url":null,"abstract":"In a developed society, health problems such as the risk of weight gain, diabetes, and heart diseases are often associated with a high-sugar diet. Food product reform is seen as one of the tools to promote healthier eating. Calorie-reduced product processing not only targeted diabetics but now also focuseds on human health. The experiments were designed based on the response surface methodology using the three-level-three-factor Box–Behnken design with total soluble solid (TSS) (40%–50%), low methoxyl pectin (LMP) (0.1%–0.3%), and kappa-carrageenan (k-carrageenan) (0.1%–0.3%) at a constant fruit batch of 10 kg. In the evaluation of jam, the viscosity, water activity, and bioactive compounds (anthocyanin, total polyphenol, and vitamin C) were determined and optimized in order to produce reduced-calorie blackberry jam (filling type) with favorable viscosity, water activity, and bioactive compounds. The results showed that the model fit was significant (p < 0.05); a satisfactory correlation between the experimental and the predicted values was found (high coefficient of determination R2). All three factors affect the quality of the products, with sugar showing significant influence on physical characteristics, maintaining bioactive compounds and overall acceptability of the product. The overlay contour plot of quality attributes showed that the reduced-calorie blackberry jam should use 0.18% LMP , 0.22% k-carrageenan, and 45% TSS. Thus, the reduced-calorie jam produced from these optimum levels had better characteristics than the others.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71217525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2021.100117
S. Ashok, Renuka Siddanna, Reshma Sirasagar, Shilanjali Bhalerao, A. Dayanand
Maize stover was explored as a sole substrate of carbon for the extra cellular production of cellulase under solid-state conditions by an actinobacterium, Streptomyces enissocaesilis DQ026641. The upsurge production of cellulase was optimized manually regulating important process variables such as substrate (particle size, moisture content), organism (inoculum size), physicochemical attributes (pH, temperature) and mineral salts (NaCl, MgSO4, FeSO4) following one factor at a time approach. The maximum production (71.10 IU/ml) of cellulase was obtained at particle size 2 mm, moisture content 1.25%, temperature 45°C, inoculum size 1 × 108 and NaCl 1.5%. Enhanced production (79 IU/ml) of cellulase was achieved by following Response Surface Methodology with Centre Composite Design, considering pH 6.5, temperature 45°C and sodium chloride 1.5% as critical process variables. The quadratic impact of pH, temperature and sodium chloride significantly contributed for the production of cellulase under solid-state conditions from maize stover mediated by S. enissocaesilis DQ026641.
{"title":"Upsurge production of cellulase from maize stover under soildstate conditions mediated by Streptomyces enissocaesilis DQ026641","authors":"S. Ashok, Renuka Siddanna, Reshma Sirasagar, Shilanjali Bhalerao, A. Dayanand","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.100117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.100117","url":null,"abstract":"Maize stover was explored as a sole substrate of carbon for the extra cellular production of cellulase under solid-state conditions by an actinobacterium, Streptomyces enissocaesilis DQ026641. The upsurge production of cellulase was optimized manually regulating important process variables such as substrate (particle size, moisture content), organism (inoculum size), physicochemical attributes (pH, temperature) and mineral salts (NaCl, MgSO4, FeSO4) following one factor at a time approach. The maximum production (71.10 IU/ml) of cellulase was obtained at particle size 2 mm, moisture content 1.25%, temperature 45°C, inoculum size 1 × 108 and NaCl 1.5%. Enhanced production (79 IU/ml) of cellulase was achieved by following Response Surface Methodology with Centre Composite Design, considering pH 6.5, temperature 45°C and sodium chloride 1.5% as critical process variables. The quadratic impact of pH, temperature and sodium chloride significantly contributed for the production of cellulase under solid-state conditions from maize stover mediated by S. enissocaesilis DQ026641.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71218167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2021.100119
K. Kumaresan, Gopalakrishnan Swathi, Sivasamy Raghuvandhanan K., A. Thirumurugan, T. Sathishkumar
Hot water extraction of edible mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus at 90°C for 4 hours yielded a polysaccharide fraction containing crude β-glucan. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the samples were carried out to identify the presence and abundance of carbohydrates. Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) Sephacel column chromatography followed by affinity chromatography in an agarose-bound Concanavalin A column resulted in purified β-glucan. β-glucan was confirmed through the presence of unique functional groups present in it by using the Fourier transform infrared spectrum technique. Soy milk fortified with β-glucan was formulated, and this can alleviate the rate of obesity and related diseases caused by high calorific carbonated beverages. The further scope of the study involves sensory analysis and commercialization of the product.
{"title":"Fortification of soy milk with prebiotic natural ß-glucan derived from edible mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus","authors":"K. Kumaresan, Gopalakrishnan Swathi, Sivasamy Raghuvandhanan K., A. Thirumurugan, T. Sathishkumar","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.100119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.100119","url":null,"abstract":"Hot water extraction of edible mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus at 90°C for 4 hours yielded a polysaccharide fraction containing crude β-glucan. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the samples were carried out to identify the presence and abundance of carbohydrates. Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) Sephacel column chromatography followed by affinity chromatography in an agarose-bound Concanavalin A column resulted in purified β-glucan. β-glucan was confirmed through the presence of unique functional groups present in it by using the Fourier transform infrared spectrum technique. Soy milk fortified with β-glucan was formulated, and this can alleviate the rate of obesity and related diseases caused by high calorific carbonated beverages. The further scope of the study involves sensory analysis and commercialization of the product.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71218231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2021.100122
Thuyet Nguyen Minh, Too Beverly Cheruto, Vuong Kieu Minh, Lan Phan Thi Truc, Tuyen Phan Thi Thanh, Tram Nguyen Bich, Vy Le Thi Tuong, Tuyen Le Ngoc, Tai Ngo Van
Starch is a complex carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. According to digestibility, starch has been categorized into rapidly digestible starch that takes 20 minutes after consumption to be fully digested, slow digestible starch which takes between 20 and 120 minutes to be fully digested in the small intestines, and resistant starch (RS) which resists digestion in the small intestine and undergoes fermentation in the large intestines, hence producing beneficial products for the human health. The study was carried out to compare the contents of RS in different starchy vegetables and analyze the physicochemical properties such as moisture content, amylose content, swelling, and water absorption capacity (WAC) of the chosen food samples and explain the relationship between the physicochemical properties and RS content of the food samples. Potato starch recorded a high resistant starch content at 56.43%, while corn starch was low at 2.82% RS. There was a positive correlation between RS and amylose content. However, there was a negative correlation between swelling capacity and WAC. The RS content of potato starch recorded the least swelling at 1.49 g/g compared to the high value of yellow sweet potatoes of 8.47 g/g. Water absorption capacity presented a similar trend to swelling. In six out of the eight samples analyzed, a high amylose content in starchy foods was an indication of high RS in the food, attributed to its long chain and double helices it forms after gelatinization. A high RS content in foods leads to low swelling capacity and low WAC. Therefore, low swelling in potato starch indicated a high RS content.
{"title":"Resistant starch in various starchy vegetables and the relationship with its physical and chemical characteristics","authors":"Thuyet Nguyen Minh, Too Beverly Cheruto, Vuong Kieu Minh, Lan Phan Thi Truc, Tuyen Phan Thi Thanh, Tram Nguyen Bich, Vy Le Thi Tuong, Tuyen Le Ngoc, Tai Ngo Van","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.100122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.100122","url":null,"abstract":"Starch is a complex carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. According to digestibility, starch has been categorized into rapidly digestible starch that takes 20 minutes after consumption to be fully digested, slow digestible starch which takes between 20 and 120 minutes to be fully digested in the small intestines, and resistant starch (RS) which resists digestion in the small intestine and undergoes fermentation in the large intestines, hence producing beneficial products for the human health. The study was carried out to compare the contents of RS in different starchy vegetables and analyze the physicochemical properties such as moisture content, amylose content, swelling, and water absorption capacity (WAC) of the chosen food samples and explain the relationship between the physicochemical properties and RS content of the food samples. Potato starch recorded a high resistant starch content at 56.43%, while corn starch was low at 2.82% RS. There was a positive correlation between RS and amylose content. However, there was a negative correlation between swelling capacity and WAC. The RS content of potato starch recorded the least swelling at 1.49 g/g compared to the high value of yellow sweet potatoes of 8.47 g/g. Water absorption capacity presented a similar trend to swelling. In six out of the eight samples analyzed, a high amylose content in starchy foods was an indication of high RS in the food, attributed to its long chain and double helices it forms after gelatinization. A high RS content in foods leads to low swelling capacity and low WAC. Therefore, low swelling in potato starch indicated a high RS content.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71218004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2021.100124
Faujdar Chetna, P. Priyadarshini
The recurrence and associated side effects of modern treatment methods for urolithiasis highlight the need for a safer phytotherapy-based alternative medicine. In the present study, the seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum (MUE) and leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum (BPE) were evaluated for their antioxidant, antiurolithiatic, and wound healing potential. Phytochemical screening of extracts was carried out through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis (3ethylbenzothiazoline-6sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays were used to determine antioxidant potential of plant extracts. Percentage radical activity increased from 1.91% to 53.99% in DPPH assay and 39.26%–97.44% in ABTS assay, with an increase in concentration of BPE. Different concentrations of MUE also resulted in dosedependent antioxidant activity from 5.70% to 45.14% in DPPH assay and 17.96%–96.04% in ABTS assay. Extracts were investigated for their effect on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals-induced Vero cell injury. BPE resulted in the retention of 98.5% viability after COM crystal exposure to Vero cells against the injured group (57.44%). Similarly, retained cell viability was found to be in the range of 77.4%–90.74% with different MUE concentrations. Wound healing potential was examined through scratch assay. Along with the prevention of cell injury, extracts also accelerated the wound closure rate as compared to control. Treatment with EC50 and EC90 of BPE resulted in 84.48% and 74.08% wound closure, respectively, as compared to the control group (73.79%). However, EC50 and EC90 of MUE resulted in 85.66% and 91.09% wound closure, respectively. The present study concludes the effectiveness of these herbal extracts in minimizing risk factors leading to urolithiasis.
{"title":"Comparative study of hydroalcoholic extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Macrotyloma uniflorum for their antioxidant, antiurolithiatic, and wound healing potential","authors":"Faujdar Chetna, P. Priyadarshini","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.100124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.100124","url":null,"abstract":"The recurrence and associated side effects of modern treatment methods for urolithiasis highlight the need for a safer phytotherapy-based alternative medicine. In the present study, the seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum (MUE) and leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum (BPE) were evaluated for their antioxidant, antiurolithiatic, and wound healing potential. Phytochemical screening of extracts was carried out through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis (3ethylbenzothiazoline-6sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays were used to determine antioxidant potential of plant extracts. Percentage radical activity increased from 1.91% to 53.99% in DPPH assay and 39.26%–97.44% in ABTS assay, with an increase in concentration of BPE. Different concentrations of MUE also resulted in dosedependent antioxidant activity from 5.70% to 45.14% in DPPH assay and 17.96%–96.04% in ABTS assay. Extracts were investigated for their effect on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals-induced Vero cell injury. BPE resulted in the retention of 98.5% viability after COM crystal exposure to Vero cells against the injured group (57.44%). Similarly, retained cell viability was found to be in the range of 77.4%–90.74% with different MUE concentrations. Wound healing potential was examined through scratch assay. Along with the prevention of cell injury, extracts also accelerated the wound closure rate as compared to control. Treatment with EC50 and EC90 of BPE resulted in 84.48% and 74.08% wound closure, respectively, as compared to the control group (73.79%). However, EC50 and EC90 of MUE resulted in 85.66% and 91.09% wound closure, respectively. The present study concludes the effectiveness of these herbal extracts in minimizing risk factors leading to urolithiasis.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71218079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2021.100103
Das Pratyush Kumar, Das Bidyut Prava, Das Patitapaban
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a toxic oxidation state of the heavy metal Cr, which has a wide range of industrial applications. Cr-based mining and industrial activities release Cr(VI) as a pollutant into the soil, which is responsible for pollution. Restoration of soil quality in these mining and industrial areas is highly essential for sustainable development and healthy living. The application of plant systems as a sink for the remediation of soil rich in Cr(VI) is a cost-effective technique to control soil pollution. The present study targets Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre as a biological sink for the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. The analytical study on Cr(VI) accumulation in plant parts of P. pinnata (L.) Pierre and the status of Cr(VI) present in its rhizospheric soil were carried out following the standard methodologies of the American Public Health Association. The results of the analysis are in favor of the steady increase in Cr(VI) accumulation in plant parts of the targeted plant with the increase in its concentration in rhizospheric soil. The novelty of this study focuses on the survival of P. pinnata (L.) Pierre on soil under high Cr(VI) stress conditions and the differential accumulation of Cr(VI) in its vital vegetative parts with the uptake of the toxic metal from the soil to reduce pollution. It is supported by the higher value coefficient of correlation during the uptake of Cr(VI) from polluted rhizospheric soil with its concentration in soils up to 200 μg/g soil. The order of accumulation of Cr(VI) in root > leaf > stem is significant at p = 0.05 and p = 0.01. Further work on this plant species, P. pinnata (L.) Pierre, can make it an elite species for remediation of Cr(VI)-polluted soil.
{"title":"Analytical study on hexavalent chromium accumulation in plant parts of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre and remediation of contaminated soil","authors":"Das Pratyush Kumar, Das Bidyut Prava, Das Patitapaban","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.100103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.100103","url":null,"abstract":"Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a toxic oxidation state of the heavy metal Cr, which has a wide range of industrial applications. Cr-based mining and industrial activities release Cr(VI) as a pollutant into the soil, which is responsible for pollution. Restoration of soil quality in these mining and industrial areas is highly essential for sustainable development and healthy living. The application of plant systems as a sink for the remediation of soil rich in Cr(VI) is a cost-effective technique to control soil pollution. The present study targets Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre as a biological sink for the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. The analytical study on Cr(VI) accumulation in plant parts of P. pinnata (L.) Pierre and the status of Cr(VI) present in its rhizospheric soil were carried out following the standard methodologies of the American Public Health Association. The results of the analysis are in favor of the steady increase in Cr(VI) accumulation in plant parts of the targeted plant with the increase in its concentration in rhizospheric soil. The novelty of this study focuses on the survival of P. pinnata (L.) Pierre on soil under high Cr(VI) stress conditions and the differential accumulation of Cr(VI) in its vital vegetative parts with the uptake of the toxic metal from the soil to reduce pollution. It is supported by the higher value coefficient of correlation during the uptake of Cr(VI) from polluted rhizospheric soil with its concentration in soils up to 200 μg/g soil. The order of accumulation of Cr(VI) in root > leaf > stem is significant at p = 0.05 and p = 0.01. Further work on this plant species, P. pinnata (L.) Pierre, can make it an elite species for remediation of Cr(VI)-polluted soil.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71216973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lactobacilli are predominant microorganism in vaginal ecology and provide protection against pathogens. The present study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo prebiotic effect of pectin on vaginal lactobacilli. The effect of pectin concentration on growth of Lactobacilli casei (LC) and Lactobacilli fermentum (LF) was studied by measuring change in pH, optical density, titratable acidity, and dry mass after 48 h of incubation. The antimicrobial effect against pathogenic Escherichia coli and Candida albicans was studied by agar diffusion technique. In vitro effect of pectin on viability of mixed cultures of LC or LF with E. coli or C. albicans was studied. In vivo, prophylactic and therapeutic effect of pectin on vaginal lactobacilli was investigated on female Wistar rats. The stimulative effect of pectin was confirmed by an increase in LC and LF dry mass, reduction in pH, and increase in production of organic acid. Lactobacilli supernatants showed a significant antimicrobial effect against E. coli. The mixed culture study demonstrated the stimulative effect of pectin on LC and LF, whereas inhibitory effects on E. coli and C. albicans. In vivo study on female rats revealed a significant increase in lactobacilli count in vaginal flora after topical administration of pectin. This study demonstrated the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of pectin as a prebiotic on vaginal microflora.
{"title":"In vitro and in vivo evaluation of prebiotic potential of pectin on vaginal lactobacilli","authors":"Deshkar Sanjeevani Shekhar, Ahire Kiran Suresh, Mahore Jayashri Gajanan","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.100113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.100113","url":null,"abstract":"Lactobacilli are predominant microorganism in vaginal ecology and provide protection against pathogens. The present study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo prebiotic effect of pectin on vaginal lactobacilli. The effect of pectin concentration on growth of Lactobacilli casei (LC) and Lactobacilli fermentum (LF) was studied by measuring change in pH, optical density, titratable acidity, and dry mass after 48 h of incubation. The antimicrobial effect against pathogenic Escherichia coli and Candida albicans was studied by agar diffusion technique. In vitro effect of pectin on viability of mixed cultures of LC or LF with E. coli or C. albicans was studied. In vivo, prophylactic and therapeutic effect of pectin on vaginal lactobacilli was investigated on female Wistar rats. The stimulative effect of pectin was confirmed by an increase in LC and LF dry mass, reduction in pH, and increase in production of organic acid. Lactobacilli supernatants showed a significant antimicrobial effect against E. coli. The mixed culture study demonstrated the stimulative effect of pectin on LC and LF, whereas inhibitory effects on E. coli and C. albicans. In vivo study on female rats revealed a significant increase in lactobacilli count in vaginal flora after topical administration of pectin. This study demonstrated the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of pectin as a prebiotic on vaginal microflora.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71217394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2021.100123
Thuyet Nguyen Minh, Han Lu Ngoc, Tai Ngo Van
Thermal food processing, which causes the alteration and decomposition of natural pigments, especially anthocyanins, often leads to its lower stability. This study aimed to determine the effect of ascorbic acid and citric acid and the combination of these two chemicals on the thermal stability of the anthocyanin in the raspberry-pomegranate-banana nectar during heating at different temperatures (85°C, 90°C, and 95°C) and also investigated the influence of storage conditions (8°C ± 2°C and 28°C ± 2°C) on the stability of anthocyanin in the product. Anthocyanin degradation during heating as well as storage was followed by a first-order kinetic model with a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.94) and low root-mean-square error (RMSE < 0.015). By combining ascorbic acid and citric acid used in the nectar, anthocyanin showed more stability during pasteurization. It was found that the highest anthocyanin stability during storage was obtained at 8°C ± 2°C and the half-life was 11.76 weeks.
{"title":"Thermal stability of anthocyanin in mixed raspberry-pomegranate-banana nectar in the presence of ascorbic acid and citric acid","authors":"Thuyet Nguyen Minh, Han Lu Ngoc, Tai Ngo Van","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.100123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.100123","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal food processing, which causes the alteration and decomposition of natural pigments, especially anthocyanins, often leads to its lower stability. This study aimed to determine the effect of ascorbic acid and citric acid and the combination of these two chemicals on the thermal stability of the anthocyanin in the raspberry-pomegranate-banana nectar during heating at different temperatures (85°C, 90°C, and 95°C) and also investigated the influence of storage conditions (8°C ± 2°C and 28°C ± 2°C) on the stability of anthocyanin in the product. Anthocyanin degradation during heating as well as storage was followed by a first-order kinetic model with a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.94) and low root-mean-square error (RMSE < 0.015). By combining ascorbic acid and citric acid used in the nectar, anthocyanin showed more stability during pasteurization. It was found that the highest anthocyanin stability during storage was obtained at 8°C ± 2°C and the half-life was 11.76 weeks.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71218054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq. is a notable medicinal plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Understanding the diversity of endophytic fungi associated with this medicinally important plant species and screening them to yield bioactive compounds would be highly useful for the herbal drug industry. The present study was undertaken to isolate and identify the diversity of fungal endophytes associated with C. forskohlii (Willd.) Briq. The fungal endophytes were isolated following standard procedures and molecular identification was carried out by using the 18S rRNA gene; the amplified regions were sequenced and submitted to NCBI, GenBank. A total of 85 endophytic fungi were isolated from 280 leaf segments. Molecular identification revealed 34 fungal genera. Among these, species of Cladosporium sp., Alternaria sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., Colletotrichum sp., Nigrospora oryzae, Penicillium sp., and Phyllosticta fallopiae were found to be predominant genera. The percentage occurrence of members of Ascomycota was the highest, with 96.47% distribution and Basidiomycota members were distributed the least, with 3.53%. The study revealed the diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the leaves of C. forskohlii and the phylogenetic tree shows the relationships between the endophytic fungi.
{"title":"Molecular identification of endophytic fungi associated with Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq.","authors":"G. Crasta,, K. Raveesha","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.96021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.96021","url":null,"abstract":"Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq. is a notable medicinal plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Understanding the diversity of endophytic fungi associated with this medicinally important plant species and screening them to yield bioactive compounds would be highly useful for the herbal drug industry. The present study was undertaken to isolate and identify the diversity of fungal endophytes associated with C. forskohlii (Willd.) Briq. The fungal endophytes were isolated following standard procedures and molecular identification was carried out by using the 18S rRNA gene; the amplified regions were sequenced and submitted to NCBI, GenBank. A total of 85 endophytic fungi were isolated from 280 leaf segments. Molecular identification revealed 34 fungal genera. Among these, species of Cladosporium sp., Alternaria sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., Colletotrichum sp., Nigrospora oryzae, Penicillium sp., and Phyllosticta fallopiae were found to be predominant genera. The percentage occurrence of members of Ascomycota was the highest, with 96.47% distribution and Basidiomycota members were distributed the least, with 3.53%. The study revealed the diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the leaves of C. forskohlii and the phylogenetic tree shows the relationships between the endophytic fungi.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49086621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-drug resistance is increasing day by day and becoming a global health care issue. Hence, there is an urgent need to combat the multidrug resistance uropathogens, so the discovery of novel, efficient, and safe antibiotics from unexplored ecological niches is needed. Actinobacteria have great eminence of their potential for producing bioactive compounds. The aim of the present study is to explore some antimicrobial producing actinobacteria strains isolated from the soil. Our study was carried out with the goal of isolation and characterization of active strain of actinobacteria against uropathogens. Soil samples were collected from the Ganga riverbed, wheat and rice fields, Uttarakhand, India. Actinobacteria were isolated by serial dilution technique. A total of 19 actinobacteria were isolated and cross streaked against multidrug resistant uropathogens. Only seven strains of actinobacteria designed as ACG1, ACG4, ACG5, ACW9, ACW11, ACW14, and ACR17 showed good antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp., Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus uropathogens. Among them, ACG1 showed a broad range of activity against all the tested uropathogens. Furthermore, the extracellular ethyl acetate extract of ACG1 showed maximum zone of inhibition against Enterobacter sp. (23 mm). ACG1 was identified based on morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical properties, as well as the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequence, and was assigned the name S. atacamensis. It was deposited in GenBank under accession number (MW721229). Actinobacteria showed promising results so further studies are required to explore the potential as an antibiotic to cure life-threatening diseases like urinary tract infection.
{"title":"Production of bioactive compounds by Streptomyces sp. and their antimicrobial potential against selected MDR uropathogens","authors":"Archana Singh, Padma Singh","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9609","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-drug resistance is increasing day by day and becoming a global health care issue. Hence, there is an urgent need to combat the multidrug resistance uropathogens, so the discovery of novel, efficient, and safe antibiotics from unexplored ecological niches is needed. Actinobacteria have great eminence of their potential for producing bioactive compounds. The aim of the present study is to explore some antimicrobial producing actinobacteria strains isolated from the soil. Our study was carried out with the goal of isolation and characterization of active strain of actinobacteria against uropathogens. Soil samples were collected from the Ganga riverbed, wheat and rice fields, Uttarakhand, India. Actinobacteria were isolated by serial dilution technique. A total of 19 actinobacteria were isolated and cross streaked against multidrug resistant uropathogens. Only seven strains of actinobacteria designed as ACG1, ACG4, ACG5, ACW9, ACW11, ACW14, and ACR17 showed good antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp., Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus uropathogens. Among them, ACG1 showed a broad range of activity against all the tested uropathogens. Furthermore, the extracellular ethyl acetate extract of ACG1 showed maximum zone of inhibition against Enterobacter sp. (23 mm). ACG1 was identified based on morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical properties, as well as the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequence, and was assigned the name S. atacamensis. It was deposited in GenBank under accession number (MW721229). Actinobacteria showed promising results so further studies are required to explore the potential as an antibiotic to cure life-threatening diseases like urinary tract infection.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44257215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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