The primary goal of this research was to focus on the synthesis of two complex compounds, i.e., [{Cu (Q) (2, 2ʹbipyridalBpy) (acetate)} complex 1] and [{Cu (Q) (1, 10-phenanthrolinePhen) (acetate)} complex 2], which were found soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide. Complex 1 and 2 were incorporated and secluded as sole items in significant returns (>97%) by granulating strong fixing, i.e., quercetin (Q), copper acetate supported with Bpy, and Phen without any solvent. Both the synthesized compounds were characterized spectroscopically (Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet– visible, high-resolution mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis) and biological (antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxicity, enzymatic, and nonenzymatic assay) evaluation was carried out against microbes. IC50 of synthesized complex 1 and 2 was determined as 168.97 and 125.932 μg/ml, respectively, whereas Q was found to be 38.1427 μg/ml. Minimum inhibitory concentration of both complexes (1,2) was determined as 25.83, 50.37, and 6.35, 13.74 μg/ml, respectively, in both strains (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Cell proliferation activity was carried out by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method in both microbes and MG-63 cells. Treated organisms were researched for enzymatic (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and nonenzymatic (glutathione) assays, alongside lipid peroxidation and protein leakage tests. MTT assay was carried out in both microbes and MG-63 cells (toxicity was found to be safe up to 500 ppm compared to Q).
{"title":"Green synthesis, characterizations, and in vitro biological evaluation of Cu (II) complexes of quercetin with N ^ N ligands","authors":"T. Srivastava, S. Mishra, O. Tiwari","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.96010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.96010","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of this research was to focus on the synthesis of two complex compounds, i.e., [{Cu (Q) (2, 2ʹbipyridalBpy) (acetate)} complex 1] and [{Cu (Q) (1, 10-phenanthrolinePhen) (acetate)} complex 2], which were found soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide. Complex 1 and 2 were incorporated and secluded as sole items in significant returns (>97%) by granulating strong fixing, i.e., quercetin (Q), copper acetate supported with Bpy, and Phen without any solvent. Both the synthesized compounds were characterized spectroscopically (Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet– visible, high-resolution mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis) and biological (antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxicity, enzymatic, and nonenzymatic assay) evaluation was carried out against microbes. IC50 of synthesized complex 1 and 2 was determined as 168.97 and 125.932 μg/ml, respectively, whereas Q was found to be 38.1427 μg/ml. Minimum inhibitory concentration of both complexes (1,2) was determined as 25.83, 50.37, and 6.35, 13.74 μg/ml, respectively, in both strains (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Cell proliferation activity was carried out by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method in both microbes and MG-63 cells. Treated organisms were researched for enzymatic (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and nonenzymatic (glutathione) assays, alongside lipid peroxidation and protein leakage tests. MTT assay was carried out in both microbes and MG-63 cells (toxicity was found to be safe up to 500 ppm compared to Q).","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41898295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Virtual screening for novel inhibitors of human Histone Deacetylase 6: Promising new leads for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma","authors":"S. Vijayasarathy, Jhinuk Chatterjee","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.96013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.96013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43186651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent advances in nanomedicine hail chemodynamic therapy (CDT), based on the Fe (II)-mediated Fenton reaction, as a forthcoming, potentially revolutionary, and tumor mediation strategy. Various experiments have proven the therapeutic effects of CDT in vivo as well as in diverse tumor cell lines, but most processes lack significant targeting among other hurdles, viz., the optimization of physical parameters (i.e., aggregation, organic carriers, conjugates etc.). Briefly, Fe (III) in the form of FeCl3 was conjugated with bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (NP) in order to derive a novel in vitro nano-therapeutic system against A549 cells by a chemical synthesis approach. A naturally occurring anti-tumor agent ellagic acid was conjugated to the NPs to improve their therapeutic effect and test for the anticipated increase in bioavailability and cytotoxicity of the drug. The NP system was sufficiently characterized using dynamic light scattering, UV-vis spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and cell viability was examined using an (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The results demonstrate the NP system to be within range of proper nano-delivery mechanism and cytotoxicity examinations reveal the novel drug and CDT combination to be greatly effective in reducing tumor cell proliferation, holding great promise in being extrapolated to in vivo model systems for further analysis.
{"title":"Ellagic acid—Fe@BSA nanoparticles for preferential payload delivery and chemodynamic therapy in A549 cells","authors":"S. Menon, S. Venkatabalasubramanian","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.96018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.96018","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in nanomedicine hail chemodynamic therapy (CDT), based on the Fe (II)-mediated Fenton reaction, as a forthcoming, potentially revolutionary, and tumor mediation strategy. Various experiments have proven the therapeutic effects of CDT in vivo as well as in diverse tumor cell lines, but most processes lack significant targeting among other hurdles, viz., the optimization of physical parameters (i.e., aggregation, organic carriers, conjugates etc.). Briefly, Fe (III) in the form of FeCl3 was conjugated with bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (NP) in order to derive a novel in vitro nano-therapeutic system against A549 cells by a chemical synthesis approach. A naturally occurring anti-tumor agent ellagic acid was conjugated to the NPs to improve their therapeutic effect and test for the anticipated increase in bioavailability and cytotoxicity of the drug. The NP system was sufficiently characterized using dynamic light scattering, UV-vis spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and cell viability was examined using an (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The results demonstrate the NP system to be within range of proper nano-delivery mechanism and cytotoxicity examinations reveal the novel drug and CDT combination to be greatly effective in reducing tumor cell proliferation, holding great promise in being extrapolated to in vivo model systems for further analysis.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45720881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small plastic particles are persistent in soil and will remain in the agricultural ecosystem for a long period, so there is an urgent need to uncover their potential impacts on the agricultural ecosystem. Plastics in the agricultural ecosystem are alarming as they can accumulate in crop plants and affect consumers by directly entering through the food web. Through disintegration of plastic, microplastics and nanoplastics (NPs) are generated and accumulated in significant quantities in soil. Incidentally, plastics have been shown to alter biophysical and geochemical properties of soil. The dispersion and transport of plastics in soil could directly impact crop plants and reduce crop yield. There are limited studies on uptake and accumulation of MPs and NPs in terrestrial plants but studies reported so far have shown phytoremediation as a potential remediation technique to extract and degrade plastic particles from agricultural soils. This review discusses the impacts of MPs and NPs on terrestrial plants growth and accumulation in different plant tissues based on recent literature.
{"title":"Accumulation of plastics in terrestrial crop plants and its impact on the plant growth","authors":"Bhavika Garua, J. Sharma","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9603","url":null,"abstract":"Small plastic particles are persistent in soil and will remain in the agricultural ecosystem for a long period, so there is an urgent need to uncover their potential impacts on the agricultural ecosystem. Plastics in the agricultural ecosystem are alarming as they can accumulate in crop plants and affect consumers by directly entering through the food web. Through disintegration of plastic, microplastics and nanoplastics (NPs) are generated and accumulated in significant quantities in soil. Incidentally, plastics have been shown to alter biophysical and geochemical properties of soil. The dispersion and transport of plastics in soil could directly impact crop plants and reduce crop yield. There are limited studies on uptake and accumulation of MPs and NPs in terrestrial plants but studies reported so far have shown phytoremediation as a potential remediation technique to extract and degrade plastic particles from agricultural soils. This review discusses the impacts of MPs and NPs on terrestrial plants growth and accumulation in different plant tissues based on recent literature.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46403119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Troza, Anamae Sutacio, Al Polinar, R. Rollon
A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications on soil fertility, productivity, and rice profitability. There were five treatment combinations with four replications laid out in Randomized complete block design (RCBD). The treatments were as follows: T1: control, T2: farmer’s practice (FP), T3: recommended rate (RR), T4: organic fertilizer (OF), and T5: RR50% + OF50%. RR50% + OF50% application significantly increased soil fertility after harvest. The N and K uptake of rice was also increased under FP and RR treatments. All yield components were increased with FP, RR, and RR50% + OF50% treatments, with the consistently highest increase in the FP treatment. The highest grain yield obtained was in FP (6.68 t ha−1) followed by RR (6.28 t ha−1), RR50% + OF50% (6.12 t ha −1), and OF (5.25 t ha−1), while the lowest yield was recorded in the control treatment (4.67 t ha−1). The net income was also increased by 43% in FP, 39% in RR, and 34% in RR50% + OF50% over the control. Maximum rice productivity and profitability were both obtained under FP. However, a similar yield and profit increase were also obtained in RR and RR50% + OF50% treatments. The results highlighted the importance of combining organic and chemical fertilizers to reduce the cost of fertilizer inputs, increase soil fertility, improve rice yield, and maximize profitability in rice production.
进行了一项田间试验，以确定施用有机和无机肥料对土壤肥力、生产力和水稻盈利能力的影响。采用随机完全块设计（RCBD），共有五种治疗组合，四次重复。处理如下：T1：对照，T2：农民实践（FP），T3：推荐率（RR），T4：有机肥（OF），T5：RR50%+OF50%。RR50%+OF50%施用显著提高了收获后的土壤肥力。FP和RR处理也提高了水稻对N和K的吸收。FP、RR和RR50%+OF50%处理增加了所有产量成分，其中FP处理的产量始终最高。获得的粮食产量最高的是FP（6.68 t ha−1），其次是RR（6.28 t ha–1）、RR50%+OF50%（6.12 t ha−2）和OF（5.25 t ha−3），而对照处理的产量最低（4.67 t ha−4）。FP的净收入也比对照增加了43%，RR增加了39%，RR50%+OF50%增加了34%。在FP处理下，水稻产量和盈利能力都达到了最高水平。然而，RR和RR50%+OF50%处理也获得了类似的产量和利润增长。研究结果强调了有机肥料和化肥相结合的重要性，以降低化肥投入成本，提高土壤肥力，提高水稻产量，并最大限度地提高水稻生产的盈利能力。
{"title":"Soil nutrient status and yield of rice under organic and inorganic inputs","authors":"Michael Troza, Anamae Sutacio, Al Polinar, R. Rollon","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.96023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.96023","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications on soil fertility, productivity, and rice profitability. There were five treatment combinations with four replications laid out in Randomized complete block design (RCBD). The treatments were as follows: T1: control, T2: farmer’s practice (FP), T3: recommended rate (RR), T4: organic fertilizer (OF), and T5: RR50% + OF50%. RR50% + OF50% application significantly increased soil fertility after harvest. The N and K uptake of rice was also increased under FP and RR treatments. All yield components were increased with FP, RR, and RR50% + OF50% treatments, with the consistently highest increase in the FP treatment. The highest grain yield obtained was in FP (6.68 t ha−1) followed by RR (6.28 t ha−1), RR50% + OF50% (6.12 t ha −1), and OF (5.25 t ha−1), while the lowest yield was recorded in the control treatment (4.67 t ha−1). The net income was also increased by 43% in FP, 39% in RR, and 34% in RR50% + OF50% over the control. Maximum rice productivity and profitability were both obtained under FP. However, a similar yield and profit increase were also obtained in RR and RR50% + OF50% treatments. The results highlighted the importance of combining organic and chemical fertilizers to reduce the cost of fertilizer inputs, increase soil fertility, improve rice yield, and maximize profitability in rice production.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41288503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Meng, R. Harun, Ramizah Kamaludin, Mohd Asyraf Kassim
Microalgal carbohydrate is one of the major macromolecule metabolites, which has recently gained great attention as an alternative feedstock for wide-range sustainable biobased products. These biopolymers can act as a chemical platform for the production of biofuels through a biochemical conversion process. However, low microalgal carbohydrate productivity at a large-scale production has become a major problem for economical biofuel production. Several strategies have been proposed and the approach only increased carbohydrate content but reduced the microalgal biomass production, resulting in low microalgal carbohydrate productivity. Besides, the inappropriate pretreatments and fermentation approaches specifically with high-energy techniques could cause an increase in the cost of biofuel production. This present review gives a comprehensive discussion on microalgal carbohydrate enhancement strategies via cultivation techniques including the influence of environmental stress on the microalgal biomass and carbohydrate productivity. This paper also reviews the state of art on downstream processing of microalgal biomass prior to the hydrolysis and fermentation process. The different fine chemicals such as bioethanol, biobutanol, and biohydrogen production from microalgal carbohydrate are also discussed. The information from this review provides a framework for bioconversion of microalgal carbohydrate for biofuel and fine chemicals. This production could be beneficial for potential industrial implementation.
{"title":"Microalgal biorefinery: Challenge and strategy in bioprocessing of microalgae carbohydrate for fine chemicals and biofuel","authors":"T. Meng, R. Harun, Ramizah Kamaludin, Mohd Asyraf Kassim","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9601","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgal carbohydrate is one of the major macromolecule metabolites, which has recently gained great attention as an alternative feedstock for wide-range sustainable biobased products. These biopolymers can act as a chemical platform for the production of biofuels through a biochemical conversion process. However, low microalgal carbohydrate productivity at a large-scale production has become a major problem for economical biofuel production. Several strategies have been proposed and the approach only increased carbohydrate content but reduced the microalgal biomass production, resulting in low microalgal carbohydrate productivity. Besides, the inappropriate pretreatments and fermentation approaches specifically with high-energy techniques could cause an increase in the cost of biofuel production. This present review gives a comprehensive discussion on microalgal carbohydrate enhancement strategies via cultivation techniques including the influence of environmental stress on the microalgal biomass and carbohydrate productivity. This paper also reviews the state of art on downstream processing of microalgal biomass prior to the hydrolysis and fermentation process. The different fine chemicals such as bioethanol, biobutanol, and biohydrogen production from microalgal carbohydrate are also discussed. The information from this review provides a framework for bioconversion of microalgal carbohydrate for biofuel and fine chemicals. This production could be beneficial for potential industrial implementation.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42179284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Pham, D. Le, Khanh Pham, Xaykham Thipphavong, Mau Hoang Chu
In Vietnam, some species in the genus Stephania are being overexploited and recorded in the Red Data Book of Vietnam. In this article, we present the identification results of Stephania spp. collected in Lào Cai province using morphological characteristics and the DNA barcode method to contribute to the conservation and exploitation of genetic resources and pharmaceuticals of this species in Vietnam. The analysis of the data shows that all morphology characteristics and comparative anatomy of the petioles, stems, and leaves are typical of Stephania brachyandra Diels species. The matK gene and ITS region isolated from Stephania_ Laocai have base lengths of 879 bp and 423 bp, respectively. The (Bbasic Llocal Aalignment Ssearch Ttool) analysis of the matK gene and ITS region obtained in this study has the highest similarity, 99.37% and 98.97%, respectively, to S. brachyandra species. The matK sequences were highly conserved and had low variable sites for 747 nucleotides (84.98%) and 132 nucleotides (15.29%), respectively, whereas the short ITS region was less conserved and had variable sites for 78 (18.44%) and 345 (81.56%), respectively. The results of the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the matK gene by the maximum likelihood method for the Stephania_Laocai sample showed that the matK sequence is suggested for better phylogenetic resolution than the ITS region and the combination of the matK gene and ITS region can be used to identify S. brachyandra species. Based on the combination of the characteristics of morphology and nucleotide sequences of the matK gene and ITS region, Stephania spp. collected in Lào Cai province of Vietnam were determined as S. brachyandra Diels.
{"title":"DNA barcode of matK combined with ITS effectively distinguishes the medicinal plant Stephania brachyandra Diels collected in Laocai, Vietnam","authors":"N. Pham, D. Le, Khanh Pham, Xaykham Thipphavong, Mau Hoang Chu","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9608","url":null,"abstract":"In Vietnam, some species in the genus Stephania are being overexploited and recorded in the Red Data Book of Vietnam. In this article, we present the identification results of Stephania spp. collected in Lào Cai province using morphological characteristics and the DNA barcode method to contribute to the conservation and exploitation of genetic resources and pharmaceuticals of this species in Vietnam. The analysis of the data shows that all morphology characteristics and comparative anatomy of the petioles, stems, and leaves are typical of Stephania brachyandra Diels species. The matK gene and ITS region isolated from Stephania_ Laocai have base lengths of 879 bp and 423 bp, respectively. The (Bbasic Llocal Aalignment Ssearch Ttool) analysis of the matK gene and ITS region obtained in this study has the highest similarity, 99.37% and 98.97%, respectively, to S. brachyandra species. The matK sequences were highly conserved and had low variable sites for 747 nucleotides (84.98%) and 132 nucleotides (15.29%), respectively, whereas the short ITS region was less conserved and had variable sites for 78 (18.44%) and 345 (81.56%), respectively. The results of the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the matK gene by the maximum likelihood method for the Stephania_Laocai sample showed that the matK sequence is suggested for better phylogenetic resolution than the ITS region and the combination of the matK gene and ITS region can be used to identify S. brachyandra species. Based on the combination of the characteristics of morphology and nucleotide sequences of the matK gene and ITS region, Stephania spp. collected in Lào Cai province of Vietnam were determined as S. brachyandra Diels.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48229337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2021.96019-1
S. Saatovich
This article investigates the induction of lipid synthesis in unicellular green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda UT4, Scenedesmus armatus UT39, Ankistrodesmus falcatus UT20, and Chlorococcum macrostigmatum UT4 under the influence of various stress factors, such as nitrogen starvation, salt, and pH. In this study, the accumulation of neutral lipids of microalgae lasted up to 40 hours under incubation without a nitrogen medium, and they accounted for 39.8%–54.2% of the total dry mass of microalgae. In the presence of 400 and 600 mM NaCl, the highest lipid accumulation of C. macrostigmatum UT4 was 55.5%–65.3%, and using pH 4.0 caused the highest accumulation of microalgae lipids (30.6%–63.7%) that was observed at 18 hours of incubation. From the data obtained, we can conclude that C. macrostigmatum UT4 under study is a potential producer of lipids.
{"title":"Stress factors’ effects on the induction of lipid synthesis of microalgae","authors":"S. Saatovich","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.96019-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.96019-1","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the induction of lipid synthesis in unicellular green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda UT4, Scenedesmus armatus UT39, Ankistrodesmus falcatus UT20, and Chlorococcum macrostigmatum UT4 under the influence of various stress factors, such as nitrogen starvation, salt, and pH. In this study, the accumulation of neutral lipids of microalgae lasted up to 40 hours under incubation without a nitrogen medium, and they accounted for 39.8%–54.2% of the total dry mass of microalgae. In the presence of 400 and 600 mM NaCl, the highest lipid accumulation of C. macrostigmatum UT4 was 55.5%–65.3%, and using pH 4.0 caused the highest accumulation of microalgae lipids (30.6%–63.7%) that was observed at 18 hours of incubation. From the data obtained, we can conclude that C. macrostigmatum UT4 under study is a potential producer of lipids.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47890299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azo dyes constitute around 70% of the total dyes in the world. Almost 10%–15% of dye is released in wastewater during manufacture of the dye and its application, and is a prime source of pollution. Various physiochemical methods available for their decolorization have some or the other disadvantages like cost or time inefficiency. Hence, bacterial decolorization has been studied for cheap and efficient decolorization. In this study, Citrobacter sp. strain EBT-2 was isolated from a textile industry dumping site and used to optimize dye decolorization conditions for three Azodyes: methyl orange (MO), congo red (CR), and Eriochrome Black T (EBT). Decolorization was measured by UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis. The strain showed 100% decolorization for all the three dyes up to 100 mg/l concentration in 96–120 hours. It was able to decolorize till 300, 500, and 500 mg/l of dye concentration for MO, CR, and EBT, respectively. Decolorization efficiency was independent of initial dye concentration. Optimum pH for decolorization was 7, 7, and 9 for MO, CR, and EBT, respectively. The effect of agitation on decolorization was studied under static and agitated (200 rpm) condition. About 90% decolorization was observed at static condition and about 20% decolorization was observed under agitated condition in all the three dyes in 96 hours. Complete decolorization was obtained for MO and EBT at 35°C and 45°C, respectively. CR showed complete decolorization only at 35°C. The results conclude that Citrobacter sp. can be used for the successful dye decolorization of Azo dyes, primarily MO, CR, and EBT under optimum physiochemical conditions.
{"title":"Decolorization of azo dyes by newly isolated Citrobacter sp. strain EBT-2 and effect of various parameters on decolourization","authors":"I. Thapa, S. Gaur","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.96011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.96011","url":null,"abstract":"Azo dyes constitute around 70% of the total dyes in the world. Almost 10%–15% of dye is released in wastewater during manufacture of the dye and its application, and is a prime source of pollution. Various physiochemical methods available for their decolorization have some or the other disadvantages like cost or time inefficiency. Hence, bacterial decolorization has been studied for cheap and efficient decolorization. In this study, Citrobacter sp. strain EBT-2 was isolated from a textile industry dumping site and used to optimize dye decolorization conditions for three Azodyes: methyl orange (MO), congo red (CR), and Eriochrome Black T (EBT). Decolorization was measured by UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis. The strain showed 100% decolorization for all the three dyes up to 100 mg/l concentration in 96–120 hours. It was able to decolorize till 300, 500, and 500 mg/l of dye concentration for MO, CR, and EBT, respectively. Decolorization efficiency was independent of initial dye concentration. Optimum pH for decolorization was 7, 7, and 9 for MO, CR, and EBT, respectively. The effect of agitation on decolorization was studied under static and agitated (200 rpm) condition. About 90% decolorization was observed at static condition and about 20% decolorization was observed under agitated condition in all the three dyes in 96 hours. Complete decolorization was obtained for MO and EBT at 35°C and 45°C, respectively. CR showed complete decolorization only at 35°C. The results conclude that Citrobacter sp. can be used for the successful dye decolorization of Azo dyes, primarily MO, CR, and EBT under optimum physiochemical conditions.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44080874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of the Nisargruna biogas plant is an efficient approach for solid waste management (SWM) with the simultaneous production of digestate and bioenergy. Monitoring of total solids and biodegraded metabolites of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats at different stages of digestion can provide comprehensive information about the efficiency of biogas plants. The current study was carried out to characterize the generation of solids and degraded biomolecules in the raw, predigested, and digestate (completely digested) slurry during the different stages of the two-phase Nisargruna biogas plant. It was conducted based on standard gravimetric techniques and biochemical assays. Our results indicated a significant reduction in total solids (40%–45%), carbohydrates (60%–65%), proteins (40%–45%), lipids (15%–20%), sugars, and free amino acids (65%–70%) in the predigested slurry, as compared to the raw slurry. In addition, only formic acid (2–2.5μl/ml) was detected in the raw slurry, whereas a significant amount of acetic acid (25–30 μl/ml) and small quantity of butyric acid (1 μl/ml) was detected in the predigested slurry. Furthermore, the digestate slurry showed the absence of volatile fatty acids indicating that they were efficiently utilized for methane formation in the main digester. The specific gravity and oxygen consumption rate in the predigester was estimated to be 1.0190 and 11.22 mg/l/minute, respectively. Lastly, the recyclable water obtained after dewatering the digestate slurry showed the absence of coliforms and a biological oxygen demand of 100 ppm, suggesting its suitability for disposal in the sewerage system. Based on the above chemical analysis of raw and processed slurry, the Nisargruna biogas plant thus proves to be highly efficient for SWM.
{"title":"Estimation of solids and biodegraded metabolites in the raw and processed slurry of the two-phase Nisargruna biogas plant","authors":"S. Nayak, S. Kale","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.96012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.96012","url":null,"abstract":"The use of the Nisargruna biogas plant is an efficient approach for solid waste management (SWM) with the simultaneous production of digestate and bioenergy. Monitoring of total solids and biodegraded metabolites of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats at different stages of digestion can provide comprehensive information about the efficiency of biogas plants. The current study was carried out to characterize the generation of solids and degraded biomolecules in the raw, predigested, and digestate (completely digested) slurry during the different stages of the two-phase Nisargruna biogas plant. It was conducted based on standard gravimetric techniques and biochemical assays. Our results indicated a significant reduction in total solids (40%–45%), carbohydrates (60%–65%), proteins (40%–45%), lipids (15%–20%), sugars, and free amino acids (65%–70%) in the predigested slurry, as compared to the raw slurry. In addition, only formic acid (2–2.5μl/ml) was detected in the raw slurry, whereas a significant amount of acetic acid (25–30 μl/ml) and small quantity of butyric acid (1 μl/ml) was detected in the predigested slurry. Furthermore, the digestate slurry showed the absence of volatile fatty acids indicating that they were efficiently utilized for methane formation in the main digester. The specific gravity and oxygen consumption rate in the predigester was estimated to be 1.0190 and 11.22 mg/l/minute, respectively. Lastly, the recyclable water obtained after dewatering the digestate slurry showed the absence of coliforms and a biological oxygen demand of 100 ppm, suggesting its suitability for disposal in the sewerage system. Based on the above chemical analysis of raw and processed slurry, the Nisargruna biogas plant thus proves to be highly efficient for SWM.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49283929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：