A. Velayudhan, L. Venugopalan, Sudhikumar Ambalaparambil Vasu, Aneesh Embalil Mathachan
Thrissur Kole wetlands fall under the category of temporary wetlands that are exceedingly ideal procreation environments for mosquitoes. A broad array of insecticides is used as a competitive weapon in mosquito restriction tactics, including organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids. Indiscriminate use of these chemicals could develop resistance in targeted and nontargeted species present in that environment. The present study is an assessment of the susceptibility status of laboratory and field strain Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes against deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and malathion employing the World Health Organization protocol. The results show that laboratory strain mosquitoes are more susceptible than the field-collected mosquitoes toward these insecticides. The field strain of Ae. albopictus showed 6.36, 11.74, and 18.36 times resistance than the laboratory strain against malathion, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae also repeated this resistance pattern like 4.54 times resistance against malathion and 13.15 times and 12.62 times resistance against deltamethrin and lambdacyhalothrin, correspondingly. The increased susceptibility of the field strain could also lead to a prospect of treating mosquitoes as an indicator species of pesticide contamination. Finding out the precise dosage of insecticide applications could furthermore help in the vector management program and diminish environmental pollution caused by these chemicals.
{"title":"Mosquitoes as pesticide pollution Indicators: A comparative susceptibility analysis of field and laboratory strains of mosquitoes against different conventional insecticides","authors":"A. Velayudhan, L. Venugopalan, Sudhikumar Ambalaparambil Vasu, Aneesh Embalil Mathachan","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.96014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.96014","url":null,"abstract":"Thrissur Kole wetlands fall under the category of temporary wetlands that are exceedingly ideal procreation environments for mosquitoes. A broad array of insecticides is used as a competitive weapon in mosquito restriction tactics, including organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids. Indiscriminate use of these chemicals could develop resistance in targeted and nontargeted species present in that environment. The present study is an assessment of the susceptibility status of laboratory and field strain Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes against deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and malathion employing the World Health Organization protocol. The results show that laboratory strain mosquitoes are more susceptible than the field-collected mosquitoes toward these insecticides. The field strain of Ae. albopictus showed 6.36, 11.74, and 18.36 times resistance than the laboratory strain against malathion, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae also repeated this resistance pattern like 4.54 times resistance against malathion and 13.15 times and 12.62 times resistance against deltamethrin and lambdacyhalothrin, correspondingly. The increased susceptibility of the field strain could also lead to a prospect of treating mosquitoes as an indicator species of pesticide contamination. Finding out the precise dosage of insecticide applications could furthermore help in the vector management program and diminish environmental pollution caused by these chemicals.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45002421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endophytic fungi are the main sources of novel bioactive compounds because of their unique inhabitation ability. This work focus on studying the diversity of fungal endophytes from eleven aromatic plants in three locations of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary i.e. Baba Budangiri, Lakkavalli, Mullayanagiri and screened for antimicrobial potential. Three hundred and forty-three endophytic fungi were isolated, and the highest colonization frequency was in Plectranthus amboinicus (60%) collected from the Baba Budangiri region. Fusarium sp., was the most prominent genus isolated from all plant samples. The relative density (RD) of isolates varied within plant parts, with leaf fragments of the Baba Budangiri region having the highest RD 42% and root segments showed the least RD value from all three locations. The ShannonWiener and species richness was highest in the Lakkavalli region. The Jaccard's similarity indices of fungal endophytes compared between the three sites ranged from 0.33-0.38. The antimicrobial activity showed that the endophyte Chaetomium globosum had maximum inhibition of 22 mm against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Also, a wide range of antifungal activity was exhibited by C. globosum, inhibiting the radial growth of Fusarium oxysporum by 74.5%. C. globosum can be further exploited for the production of bioactive compounds.
{"title":"Diversity and antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi from aromatic plants of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, Karnataka","authors":"Jagadish Rajeshwari, C. Srinivas","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9501","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic fungi are the main sources of novel bioactive compounds because of their unique inhabitation ability. This work focus on studying the diversity of fungal endophytes from eleven aromatic plants in three locations of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary i.e. Baba Budangiri, Lakkavalli, Mullayanagiri and screened for antimicrobial potential. Three hundred and forty-three endophytic fungi were isolated, and the highest colonization frequency was in Plectranthus amboinicus (60%) collected from the Baba Budangiri region. Fusarium sp., was the most prominent genus isolated from all plant samples. The relative density (RD) of isolates varied within plant parts, with leaf fragments of the Baba Budangiri region having the highest RD 42% and root segments showed the least RD value from all three locations. The ShannonWiener and species richness was highest in the Lakkavalli region. The Jaccard's similarity indices of fungal endophytes compared between the three sites ranged from 0.33-0.38. The antimicrobial activity showed that the endophyte Chaetomium globosum had maximum inhibition of 22 mm against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Also, a wide range of antifungal activity was exhibited by C. globosum, inhibiting the radial growth of Fusarium oxysporum by 74.5%. C. globosum can be further exploited for the production of bioactive compounds.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44912630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rao Garisala Mallikarjunara, T. Sathish, Eswaraiah Maram Chinna
Typhoid fever is one of the prevalent pandemics across many developing countries caused by Salmonella typhi. Vi capsular polysaccharide obtained from S. typhi has been licensed for use as a vaccine for children aged 2 years and above to prevent typhoid fever. Production and purification of Vi polysaccharide play a vital role in the immunogenicity and cost of vaccines. Four critical parameters, cetrimide concentration (% w/v), sodium acetate concentration (% w/v), alcohol concentration (% w/v), and operational temperature (°C), were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Doehlert design matrix, with 22 experimental runs, was used to optimize the selected parameters. All parameters were studied at different levels. With the help of RSM, by optimizing the selected variable conditions, onefold yield increased and the final purified Vi polysaccharide has noncompliance with the World Health Organization’s standards.
{"title":"Doehlert Matrix-assisted optimization of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide purification parameters","authors":"Rao Garisala Mallikarjunara, T. Sathish, Eswaraiah Maram Chinna","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9519","url":null,"abstract":"Typhoid fever is one of the prevalent pandemics across many developing countries caused by Salmonella typhi. Vi capsular polysaccharide obtained from S. typhi has been licensed for use as a vaccine for children aged 2 years and above to prevent typhoid fever. Production and purification of Vi polysaccharide play a vital role in the immunogenicity and cost of vaccines. Four critical parameters, cetrimide concentration (% w/v), sodium acetate concentration (% w/v), alcohol concentration (% w/v), and operational temperature (°C), were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Doehlert design matrix, with 22 experimental runs, was used to optimize the selected parameters. All parameters were studied at different levels. With the help of RSM, by optimizing the selected variable conditions, onefold yield increased and the final purified Vi polysaccharide has noncompliance with the World Health Organization’s standards.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42744053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mattison Christopher P., Mack Brian M., Cary Jeffrey W.
Enzymes from the Aspergillus species have been used in food processing applications for decades. To identify peptidases and other enzymes capable of aiding the metabolism of peanut and tree nut allergens, Aspergillus niger was grown in three different nut-flour containing media and RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis were used to identify differentially expressed genes. Transcript profiles from A. niger grown on media containing peanut or cashew nut flours were compared to growth on media containing glucose as the sole carbon source. Several highly upregulated genes encoding proteins likely involved in peanut and cashew nut metabolism were identified. When compared to the glucose media control, 2,423 genes were upregulated in media containing nut flour. Among these, there were many uncharacterized genes encoding putative peptidases such as gene_8419, gene_6678, gene_724, and gene_920 as well as previously characterized peptidases, such as oryzin and the aspartic endopeptidase aspergillopepsin. Similarly, several genes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates including fructose, mannose, galactose, and starch were also upregulated. The peptidases and other enzymes encoded by the genes highlighted here may be useful as future food/food allergen processing enzymes to attenuate nut allergens, and may enable the development of dietary aids to assist in digestion and nutrient uptake.
{"title":"Comparative transcriptomic analysis of Aspergillus niger cultured in peanut or cashew nut flour based media","authors":"Mattison Christopher P., Mack Brian M., Cary Jeffrey W.","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9508","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymes from the Aspergillus species have been used in food processing applications for decades. To identify peptidases and other enzymes capable of aiding the metabolism of peanut and tree nut allergens, Aspergillus niger was grown in three different nut-flour containing media and RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis were used to identify differentially expressed genes. Transcript profiles from A. niger grown on media containing peanut or cashew nut flours were compared to growth on media containing glucose as the sole carbon source. Several highly upregulated genes encoding proteins likely involved in peanut and cashew nut metabolism were identified. When compared to the glucose media control, 2,423 genes were upregulated in media containing nut flour. Among these, there were many uncharacterized genes encoding putative peptidases such as gene_8419, gene_6678, gene_724, and gene_920 as well as previously characterized peptidases, such as oryzin and the aspartic endopeptidase aspergillopepsin. Similarly, several genes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates including fructose, mannose, galactose, and starch were also upregulated. The peptidases and other enzymes encoded by the genes highlighted here may be useful as future food/food allergen processing enzymes to attenuate nut allergens, and may enable the development of dietary aids to assist in digestion and nutrient uptake.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47910701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patil Aravind Gouda G., Kote Naganagouda V., Manjula A. C., V. T
Aravind Gouda G. Patil1, Naganagouda V. Kote2*, A. C. Manjula3, T. Vishwanatha4 1Department of Allied Health Sciences, BLDE Deemed to be University, Vijayapura, India. 2Department of Biochemistry, Maharanis Science College for Women, Bangalore, India. 3Department of Sericulture, Maharanis Science College for Women, Bangalore, India. 4Department of Microbiology, Maharanis Science College for Women, Bangalore, India.
{"title":"Purification, characterization of α-galactosidase from a novel Bacillus megaterium VHM1, and its applications in the food industry","authors":"Patil Aravind Gouda G., Kote Naganagouda V., Manjula A. C., V. T","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9502","url":null,"abstract":"Aravind Gouda G. Patil1, Naganagouda V. Kote2*, A. C. Manjula3, T. Vishwanatha4 1Department of Allied Health Sciences, BLDE Deemed to be University, Vijayapura, India. 2Department of Biochemistry, Maharanis Science College for Women, Bangalore, India. 3Department of Sericulture, Maharanis Science College for Women, Bangalore, India. 4Department of Microbiology, Maharanis Science College for Women, Bangalore, India.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45853263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
icrobes associated with plant and soil plays several significant roles for the environment and without them the existence of life is quite impossible. They have been known to exist in every habitat type of the earth even harsh and interact with other organism and plant-microbes. Phytomicrobiomes are microbes allied with plant i.e. epiphytic (above ground plant surface), endophytic (internal tissues) and rhizospheric (root associated soil) region tends to benefits its host (Figure 1). The microbial community associated with plants interacts with them helps in boosting the growth and development of plant by controlling the pathogens. Plant growth promoting microbiomes could be used as bioinoculants in term of biopesticides and biofertilizers for agro-environmental sustainability. In agriculture sector they have been known to utilize as bioinoculants, an alternative source of agro-chemicals. On the other hand, in environment, phytomicrobiomes could be helpful in the bioremediation the environmental contaminant caused by the anthropogenic activities of humans. The phytomicrobiomes play a noteworthy role in plant growth promotion, plant protection and nutrient cycling in agroenvironmental systems. The term epiphytic or phyllosphere is used not only for the leaves of the plants but also used for all aerial plant parts including stalks, fruits, flower, bark, and pollens. The phyllosphere harbors diverse and complex microbial community including bacteria, fungi, yeast, protists, algae, bacteriophages and among which bacteria is the most dominant colonizer [1]. The culturable phyllospheric microbial communities with cereal crops belong to diverse genera such as Bacillus, Exiguobacterium, Janthinobacterium, Methylobacterium, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus [2]. The microbial diversity present on the above ground parts of plant may be parasitic, commensal or mutualistic. The colonist of phyllosphere has both deleterious and beneficial impact on the plants. Plant surface microbiota plays a crucial role for its host by protecting them from the stresses such as harmful ultraviolet radiations and oxidative stresses and in return plant provides the leaf surface, nutrients and minerals. Ajar Nath Yadav Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India. Email: ajarbiotech@gmail.com
{"title":"Phytomicrobiomes for agro-environmental sustainability","authors":"Yadav Ajar Nath","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.95ed","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.95ed","url":null,"abstract":"icrobes associated with plant and soil plays several significant roles for the environment and without them the existence of life is quite impossible. They have been known to exist in every habitat type of the earth even harsh and interact with other organism and plant-microbes. Phytomicrobiomes are microbes allied with plant i.e. epiphytic (above ground plant surface), endophytic (internal tissues) and rhizospheric (root associated soil) region tends to benefits its host (Figure 1). The microbial community associated with plants interacts with them helps in boosting the growth and development of plant by controlling the pathogens. Plant growth promoting microbiomes could be used as bioinoculants in term of biopesticides and biofertilizers for agro-environmental sustainability. In agriculture sector they have been known to utilize as bioinoculants, an alternative source of agro-chemicals. On the other hand, in environment, phytomicrobiomes could be helpful in the bioremediation the environmental contaminant caused by the anthropogenic activities of humans. The phytomicrobiomes play a noteworthy role in plant growth promotion, plant protection and nutrient cycling in agroenvironmental systems. The term epiphytic or phyllosphere is used not only for the leaves of the plants but also used for all aerial plant parts including stalks, fruits, flower, bark, and pollens. The phyllosphere harbors diverse and complex microbial community including bacteria, fungi, yeast, protists, algae, bacteriophages and among which bacteria is the most dominant colonizer [1]. The culturable phyllospheric microbial communities with cereal crops belong to diverse genera such as Bacillus, Exiguobacterium, Janthinobacterium, Methylobacterium, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus [2]. The microbial diversity present on the above ground parts of plant may be parasitic, commensal or mutualistic. The colonist of phyllosphere has both deleterious and beneficial impact on the plants. Plant surface microbiota plays a crucial role for its host by protecting them from the stresses such as harmful ultraviolet radiations and oxidative stresses and in return plant provides the leaf surface, nutrients and minerals. Ajar Nath Yadav Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India. Email: ajarbiotech@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45796592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biodegumming is the process of degradation of sericin and its subsequent removal from the surface of silk fibers using microorganisms. Two proteins, viz., fibroin and sericin, make up the silk fiber. Fibroin is the fiber whereas sericin is the glue-like protein coat present on the surface of the fiber that needs to be removed. During the conventional degumming process, chemicals such as soap and soda are used for the removal of sericin from the fiber. This treatment requires a large quantity of water for the removal of the chemicals used. Also, the waste water released into the environment can lead to water pollution. In the following study, a microbiological degumming process was used for the silk fiber, using various bacterial cultures. Nine isolates were checked for their degumming activity. The biologically treated silk was found to be shinier, smoother, softer, and lustrous as compared to the chemically treated silk. Two promising isolates were identified. The treated silk was also tested for parameters like tensile strength and elongation. Silk was also tested for color fastness after dyeing with turmeric. As compared to the chemical process, the microbiological process was found to be more efficient, cost-effective, rapid, and most importantly, environment friendly.
{"title":"Bacterial degradation of sericin for degumming of silk fibers–A green approach","authors":"Pandya Bhavna, Shetty Soniya","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9513","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegumming is the process of degradation of sericin and its subsequent removal from the surface of silk fibers using microorganisms. Two proteins, viz., fibroin and sericin, make up the silk fiber. Fibroin is the fiber whereas sericin is the glue-like protein coat present on the surface of the fiber that needs to be removed. During the conventional degumming process, chemicals such as soap and soda are used for the removal of sericin from the fiber. This treatment requires a large quantity of water for the removal of the chemicals used. Also, the waste water released into the environment can lead to water pollution. In the following study, a microbiological degumming process was used for the silk fiber, using various bacterial cultures. Nine isolates were checked for their degumming activity. The biologically treated silk was found to be shinier, smoother, softer, and lustrous as compared to the chemically treated silk. Two promising isolates were identified. The treated silk was also tested for parameters like tensile strength and elongation. Silk was also tested for color fastness after dyeing with turmeric. As compared to the chemical process, the microbiological process was found to be more efficient, cost-effective, rapid, and most importantly, environment friendly.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71218725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joel Enoch Banbilbwa, Mafulul Simon Gabriel, Jeremiah Ezra Adams, A. Adepeju, Adeoye Raphael Idowu, Goje Lazarus Joseph, Igunnu Adedoyin, Malomo Sylvia Omonirume
Enoch Banbilbwa Joel1*, Simon Gabriel Mafulul1, Ezra Adams Jeremiah1, Adepeju Aberuagba2, Raphael Idowu Adeoye2, Lazarus Joseph Goje3, Adedoyin Igunnu2, Sylvia Omonirume Malomo2 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria. 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Science, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria.
Enoch Banbilbwa Joel1*， Simon Gabriel Mafulul1, Ezra Adams Jeremiah1, Adepeju Aberuagba2, Raphael Idowu Adeoye2, Lazarus Joseph Goje3, Adedoyin Igunnu2, Sylvia Omonirume malom2 1尼日利亚乔斯大学健康科学学院基础医学学院生物化学系，乔斯，尼日利亚2伊洛林大学生命科学学院生物化学系，伊洛林，尼日利亚3贡贝州立大学生物化学系，科学学院，贡贝，尼日利亚
{"title":"Characterization of Calotropis procera root peroxidase and its potential to mediate remediation of phenolic pollutant from petroleum refinery effluent","authors":"Joel Enoch Banbilbwa, Mafulul Simon Gabriel, Jeremiah Ezra Adams, A. Adepeju, Adeoye Raphael Idowu, Goje Lazarus Joseph, Igunnu Adedoyin, Malomo Sylvia Omonirume","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9515","url":null,"abstract":"Enoch Banbilbwa Joel1*, Simon Gabriel Mafulul1, Ezra Adams Jeremiah1, Adepeju Aberuagba2, Raphael Idowu Adeoye2, Lazarus Joseph Goje3, Adedoyin Igunnu2, Sylvia Omonirume Malomo2 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria. 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Science, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42849441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is one of the hereditary hemoglobin disorders in Indian populations. An exceptionally high prevalence of SCA is observed in the populations of Chhattisgarh. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) haplotypes of the beta globin (HBB) gene cluster are important as population data, anthropological purpose for tracing migration of SCA allele and predicting the severity of SCA disease. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the HBB haplotypes and their correlation with clinical and hematological profile of SCA patients of Chhattisgarh population. The HBB gene cluster haplotypes were determined in 190 SCA patients by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Medical records of patients were reviewed to obtain pertinent clinical features, hemoglobin fractions, and other biochemical variables. Among the analyzed patients, 74% had Arab-Indian (AI) haplotype, followed by 21% atypical haplotypes. Senegal, Benin, and Cameroon types of HBB haplotypes represented 3%, 1%, and 1% of the patients, respectively. Comparison of various biochemical and hematological variables and clinical complications among various haplotypes did not reveal significant differences. The high frequency of atypical haplotypes observed may have been generated by single and double crossing-over between AI haplotype and normal HBB haplotype. Considering the Indian population’s genetic structure and diversity, the results of our study should be considered as introductory, and our study can serve as a possible tool for additional studies of SCA in India.
{"title":"HBB gene cluster haplotype diversity in sickle cell anemia patients of Chhattisgarh, India","authors":"Lakkakula Bhaskar V. K. S., Pattnaik Smaranika","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2021.9509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2021.9509","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is one of the hereditary hemoglobin disorders in Indian populations. An exceptionally high prevalence of SCA is observed in the populations of Chhattisgarh. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) haplotypes of the beta globin (HBB) gene cluster are important as population data, anthropological purpose for tracing migration of SCA allele and predicting the severity of SCA disease. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the HBB haplotypes and their correlation with clinical and hematological profile of SCA patients of Chhattisgarh population. The HBB gene cluster haplotypes were determined in 190 SCA patients by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Medical records of patients were reviewed to obtain pertinent clinical features, hemoglobin fractions, and other biochemical variables. Among the analyzed patients, 74% had Arab-Indian (AI) haplotype, followed by 21% atypical haplotypes. Senegal, Benin, and Cameroon types of HBB haplotypes represented 3%, 1%, and 1% of the patients, respectively. Comparison of various biochemical and hematological variables and clinical complications among various haplotypes did not reveal significant differences. The high frequency of atypical haplotypes observed may have been generated by single and double crossing-over between AI haplotype and normal HBB haplotype. Considering the Indian population’s genetic structure and diversity, the results of our study should be considered as introductory, and our study can serve as a possible tool for additional studies of SCA in India.","PeriodicalId":15032,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43206113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abua Mary N., Iwo Godfrey A., Ittah Macauley A., Obok Ekemini E., Edugbo Richmond E.
A field evaluation on growth and yield performances of 15 mutant lines and two landraces of Zingiber officinale (Rosc.) was conducted in Cross River State, Nigeria, in 2016 and 2017. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in each of the three locations, Calabar, Ikom, and Ogoja. Combined analysis of variance showed significant (p < 0.05) growth and yield differences among the 17 ginger genotypes. Nine mutant lines, UG1-5-04, UG1-5-35, UG2-9-01, UG1-13-02, UG1-7-24, UG1-5-38, UG1-5-31, UG2-11-03, and UG1-5-18, had superior rhizome yield ranging from 18.44 to 22.06 t/ ha and were significantly different (p > 0.05) from the two landraces, UG1 (14.39 t/ha) and UG2 (14.72 t/ha). Mutant UG2-9-01 had the highest average number of rhizomes per plant (21.44) and the longest rhizomes (20.46 cm). Mutant UG1-5-04 had the highest total rhizome yield per hectare (22.06 t/ha). The overall performance of the nine mutant ginger lines across the 2 years was superior and similar (p < 0.05) in Ogoja and Ikom locations in comparison with Calabar location. The two locations, Ikom and Ogoja, were recommended as the most suitable environments for the cultivation of the nine promising mutant lines of ginger in Cross River State.
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