Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9597.1000338
Alao Fo, Ololade Zs, Nkeonye Cv
This study was carried out to determine chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of extracts obtained from the leaves and seeds of Senna tora. The chemical compositions of the leaf and seed extracts were profiled using GC-MS while Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were used to test for antibacterial potentials. GC-MS analysis showed that the main components in the leaf extract of S. tora were cisoleic acid (29.4%), 1, E-11, Z-13-octadecatriene (13.4%), palmitic acid (13.3%), 1,E-8,Z-10-pentadecatriene (11.4%) and stearic acid (11.0%) while methyl-1-allyl-2-hydroxycyclopentanecarboxylate (20.0%), 6,9- pentadecadien-1-ol (20.0%), cis-oleic acid (16.2%), methyl-7-hexadecenoate (7.5%) and palmitic acid (6.5%) were the most abundant components in the seed extract. The leaves showed a higher inhibitory effect than the seeds, with a zone of inhibition mean value that ranged from 12.3-18.5 mm, while that of seeds ranged from 10-16.5 mm. Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited the highest susceptibility (18.5 mm), while Salmonella typhi showed the lowest (10 mm). The results of this study revealed that the leaves and the stems of the plant contained some medicinally active phytochemicals that may be important as antimicrobial agent.
{"title":"Phytochemical and Antibacterial Potentials of Senna tora Leaf and Seed Extracts against Some Clinically Isolated Bacteria","authors":"Alao Fo, Ololade Zs, Nkeonye Cv","doi":"10.4172/2155-9597.1000338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597.1000338","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of extracts obtained from the leaves and seeds of Senna tora. The chemical compositions of the leaf and seed extracts were profiled using GC-MS while Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were used to test for antibacterial potentials. GC-MS analysis showed that the main components in the leaf extract of S. tora were cisoleic acid (29.4%), 1, E-11, Z-13-octadecatriene (13.4%), palmitic acid (13.3%), 1,E-8,Z-10-pentadecatriene (11.4%) and stearic acid (11.0%) while methyl-1-allyl-2-hydroxycyclopentanecarboxylate (20.0%), 6,9- pentadecadien-1-ol (20.0%), cis-oleic acid (16.2%), methyl-7-hexadecenoate (7.5%) and palmitic acid (6.5%) were the most abundant components in the seed extract. The leaves showed a higher inhibitory effect than the seeds, with a zone of inhibition mean value that ranged from 12.3-18.5 mm, while that of seeds ranged from 10-16.5 mm. Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited the highest susceptibility (18.5 mm), while Salmonella typhi showed the lowest (10 mm). The results of this study revealed that the leaves and the stems of the plant contained some medicinally active phytochemicals that may be important as antimicrobial agent.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84541434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9597.1000336
Suleiman Al-Obei, Mohammed I Dahman, S. Alothmani, Saud Alrasheedi, Z. Memish
This is a report of breast abscess due to Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium from Saudi Arabia in a 54 years old lady with breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy. Applying contaminated herbal material on the wound could be the main cause of wound infection and localized abscess by Salmonella enterica. Breast abscess or wound infection due to non-typhoidal Salmonella is very rare.
{"title":"Surgical Site Infection by Salmonella Typhimurium Following Breast Cancers Surgery & Topical Herbal Medicine Use: A Case Report & Review of the Literature","authors":"Suleiman Al-Obei, Mohammed I Dahman, S. Alothmani, Saud Alrasheedi, Z. Memish","doi":"10.4172/2155-9597.1000336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597.1000336","url":null,"abstract":"This is a report of breast abscess due to Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium from Saudi Arabia in a 54 years old lady with breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy. Applying contaminated herbal material on the wound could be the main cause of wound infection and localized abscess by Salmonella enterica. Breast abscess or wound infection due to non-typhoidal Salmonella is very rare.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"277 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80064597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9597.1000337
E. Rodríguez-Cavallini, Diana López-Ureña, T. Román, C. Quesada-Gómez
Avian botulism outbreaks are frequently produced by type C neurotoxin secreted by Clostridium botulinum proliferating in decomposing bird carcasses and contaminated soils or water sediments. In this study, a botulism outbreak was diagnosed in broilers from a Costa Rican commercial farm through clinical signs, absence of postmortem histopathological lesions, and the confirmation of toxin in the serum of the birds. C. botulinum was furthered isolated from the intestine of these animals. This is the first report of avian botulism due to C. botulinum type C in Central America.
{"title":"Avian Botulism Type C in a Commercial Poultry Farm: First Report in Central America","authors":"E. Rodríguez-Cavallini, Diana López-Ureña, T. Román, C. Quesada-Gómez","doi":"10.4172/2155-9597.1000337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597.1000337","url":null,"abstract":"Avian botulism outbreaks are frequently produced by type C neurotoxin secreted by Clostridium botulinum proliferating in decomposing bird carcasses and contaminated soils or water sediments. In this study, a botulism outbreak was diagnosed in broilers from a Costa Rican commercial farm through clinical signs, absence of postmortem histopathological lesions, and the confirmation of toxin in the serum of the birds. C. botulinum was furthered isolated from the intestine of these animals. This is the first report of avian botulism due to C. botulinum type C in Central America.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"14 7 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78307882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9597.1000340
C. D. Fashina, G. Babalola, Michael Omofowa Osunde
Water is one of the crucial necessities of man since it is needed for almost all of his activities. With increase in population growth, quality water needed for consumption by man is on the decline because of environmental pollution. Thus the main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence level of E. coli O157:H7 in water bodies in Ile-Ife and its environs which are the sources of water for man’s consumption. Four hundred and fifty-one samples were investigated from five major sources of water namely; well, stream, borehole, bottled and sachet. The water samples were screened for E. coli and serologically characterized for E. coli O157:H7. The E. coli O157:H7 isolates obtained were further characterized for stx 1, stx 2 and eaeA genes. The result revealed that well water and stream water had a prevalence of 8.74% and 4.59% respectively. Antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli isolates showed that both sources harboured isolates that are resistant to three classes of antibiotics. The virulence gene distribution shows that stx 1 and stx 2 were present in all the E. coli O157:H7 investigated. In conclusion, it appears that the gastroenteritis outbreaks experienced in the study area may be due to the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in water samples.
{"title":"Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of E. coli O157:H7 Isolated from Water Bodies in Ile-Ife and Environs","authors":"C. D. Fashina, G. Babalola, Michael Omofowa Osunde","doi":"10.4172/2155-9597.1000340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597.1000340","url":null,"abstract":"Water is one of the crucial necessities of man since it is needed for almost all of his activities. With increase in population growth, quality water needed for consumption by man is on the decline because of environmental pollution. Thus the main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence level of E. coli O157:H7 in water bodies in Ile-Ife and its environs which are the sources of water for man’s consumption. Four hundred and fifty-one samples were investigated from five major sources of water namely; well, stream, borehole, bottled and sachet. The water samples were screened for E. coli and serologically characterized for E. coli O157:H7. The E. coli O157:H7 isolates obtained were further characterized for stx 1, stx 2 and eaeA genes. The result revealed that well water and stream water had a prevalence of 8.74% and 4.59% respectively. Antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli isolates showed that both sources harboured isolates that are resistant to three classes of antibiotics. The virulence gene distribution shows that stx 1 and stx 2 were present in all the E. coli O157:H7 investigated. In conclusion, it appears that the gastroenteritis outbreaks experienced in the study area may be due to the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in water samples.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76303476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9597.1000347
B. Kika, E. Abazaj, Oltiana Petri, A. Koraqi
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogen in human medicine. The prevalence of S. aureus varies between age, gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and body niche. S. aureus is very well adapted to colonize the nares, throat, perineum skin and the intestine also. So the human body and skin probably provide favorite condition for this species. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of S. aureus, and also to describe observational result of the influence bacterial-host and environmental/modifiable factors might have on the relationship with humans. Method: This study was carried out from October 2016 to December 2017 across hospitalized patients from different units of Mother Theresa Hospital Center. About 258 Clinical specimens were collected based on infection type such as wound, pus/exudates, blood, urine, sputum and indwelling medical devices. We isolated and identified S. aureus using standard tests like catalase, coagulase, and growth on mannitol salt agar. Results: Over all 258 specimens tested, the prevalence of S. aureus was found in 36% patients. Out of all 93 cases isolated with S. aureus, 25% were from urine infections; 24.6 % from skin and soft-tissue infections cases; 20.4 from vaginal and urethral swab; 15% from nasal and ear swab cases and 15% from blood stream, indwelling medical devices and catheter-associated infections. We did find statistically significant differences between Infection and sex, residence area, wards and place where the samples were collected. In all cases the p value was<0.05. Conclusions: The rate of S. aureus in hospitalized patients in this study was high. These results indicated that this type of infection is a significant concern for health services and patients. The highest percentage of S. aureus found in surgical and non-surgical wounds suggests that further investigation should be implemented. A screening of all hospitalized cases can lead to reduce the incidence of this infection in the hospital environment and control the risk factors.
{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Hospitalized Patient in Tirana","authors":"B. Kika, E. Abazaj, Oltiana Petri, A. Koraqi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9597.1000347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597.1000347","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogen in human medicine. The prevalence of S. aureus varies between age, gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and body niche. S. aureus is very well adapted to colonize the nares, throat, perineum skin and the intestine also. So the human body and skin probably provide favorite condition for this species. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of S. aureus, and also to describe observational result of the influence bacterial-host and environmental/modifiable factors might have on the relationship with humans. Method: This study was carried out from October 2016 to December 2017 across hospitalized patients from different units of Mother Theresa Hospital Center. About 258 Clinical specimens were collected based on infection type such as wound, pus/exudates, blood, urine, sputum and indwelling medical devices. We isolated and identified S. aureus using standard tests like catalase, coagulase, and growth on mannitol salt agar. Results: Over all 258 specimens tested, the prevalence of S. aureus was found in 36% patients. Out of all 93 cases isolated with S. aureus, 25% were from urine infections; 24.6 % from skin and soft-tissue infections cases; 20.4 from vaginal and urethral swab; 15% from nasal and ear swab cases and 15% from blood stream, indwelling medical devices and catheter-associated infections. We did find statistically significant differences between Infection and sex, residence area, wards and place where the samples were collected. In all cases the p value was<0.05. Conclusions: The rate of S. aureus in hospitalized patients in this study was high. These results indicated that this type of infection is a significant concern for health services and patients. The highest percentage of S. aureus found in surgical and non-surgical wounds suggests that further investigation should be implemented. A screening of all hospitalized cases can lead to reduce the incidence of this infection in the hospital environment and control the risk factors.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76023700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9597.1000344
EL-Kordy Ea, M. AlKhzindar, Sayed Eta
Potato crop is one of the most economically important crops, and is considered as the fourth main food crop in the world. One of the most important serious diseases of potato is bacterial soft rot disease. In our study, soil samples were collected from potato rhizosphere from a potato cultivated field in Giza, Egypt. Two bacteriophages were isolated on Kosakonia sacchari as a host, causing potato soft rot disease. Based on the genome characterization and electron microscopy, the two phages were named as vB_KsaM-C1 belonging to Myoviridae and vB_KsaO-C2 belonging to Microviridae. Both phages sustained their activity more than 20 months with a remarkable decrease in phage titre. In addition both recorded the same TIP at 65°C and showed the optimum activity at pH 7. The DEP of vB_KsaM-C1 was 10-7, while that of phage vB_KsaO-C2 was 10-9. A small scale application of the two isolated bacteriophages on infected potato tubers discs, in the lab, successfully inhibited bacterial soft rot caused by Kosakonia sacchari.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Two Bacteriophages Infecting Kosakonia sacchari Bacterium Causing Potato Soft Rot Disease","authors":"EL-Kordy Ea, M. AlKhzindar, Sayed Eta","doi":"10.4172/2155-9597.1000344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597.1000344","url":null,"abstract":"Potato crop is one of the most economically important crops, and is considered as the fourth main food crop in the world. One of the most important serious diseases of potato is bacterial soft rot disease. In our study, soil samples were collected from potato rhizosphere from a potato cultivated field in Giza, Egypt. Two bacteriophages were isolated on Kosakonia sacchari as a host, causing potato soft rot disease. Based on the genome characterization and electron microscopy, the two phages were named as vB_KsaM-C1 belonging to Myoviridae and vB_KsaO-C2 belonging to Microviridae. Both phages sustained their activity more than 20 months with a remarkable decrease in phage titre. In addition both recorded the same TIP at 65°C and showed the optimum activity at pH 7. The DEP of vB_KsaM-C1 was 10-7, while that of phage vB_KsaO-C2 was 10-9. A small scale application of the two isolated bacteriophages on infected potato tubers discs, in the lab, successfully inhibited bacterial soft rot caused by Kosakonia sacchari.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80603865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9597.1000E129
Suhail Ahmad
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease and increasing incidence of drug-resistant-TB is a serious threat to global TB control. Active TB disease in humans is caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some disease cases are also caused by Mycobacterium africanum (mainly in Africa) and Mycobacterium bovis (due to consumption of unpasteurized milk), two other species belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex [1]. The infection is mainly acquired by inhalation of tubercle bacilli expectorated by pulmonary TB patients (open TB) during close human contact [1]. Primary infection either leads to clinically active TB disease or the host immune response arrests multiplication of M. tuberculosis. However, complete sterilization is achieved in some individuals only while few bacilli in other individuals escape killing, become dormant and persist in granulomatous lesions (latent TB infection) [1]. The latent infection may remain dormant for a long time or resuscitates to cause active TB, years to decades later, often due to weakening of the host immune response [1]. Nearly 25% of the world population is latently infected with tubercle bacilli and 5%-10% of the infected individuals will eventually develop active TB disease during their life-time [2]. Reactivation of latent infection is more frequent in people with immunodeficiencies, diabetes, other immunosuppressive conditions or co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [1]. Active TB disease in low TB incidence/high income countries mostly occurs in foreign-born individuals due to reactivation of latent infection while recent infection/re-infection is common in TB endemic countries [1,3].
{"title":"Antituberculosis Drug Reclassification for Proper Management of Rifampicin-resistant and Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis","authors":"Suhail Ahmad","doi":"10.4172/2155-9597.1000E129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597.1000E129","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease and increasing incidence of drug-resistant-TB is a serious threat to global TB control. Active TB disease in humans is caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some disease cases are also caused by Mycobacterium africanum (mainly in Africa) and Mycobacterium bovis (due to consumption of unpasteurized milk), two other species belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex [1]. The infection is mainly acquired by inhalation of tubercle bacilli expectorated by pulmonary TB patients (open TB) during close human contact [1]. Primary infection either leads to clinically active TB disease or the host immune response arrests multiplication of M. tuberculosis. However, complete sterilization is achieved in some individuals only while few bacilli in other individuals escape killing, become dormant and persist in granulomatous lesions (latent TB infection) [1]. The latent infection may remain dormant for a long time or resuscitates to cause active TB, years to decades later, often due to weakening of the host immune response [1]. Nearly 25% of the world population is latently infected with tubercle bacilli and 5%-10% of the infected individuals will eventually develop active TB disease during their life-time [2]. Reactivation of latent infection is more frequent in people with immunodeficiencies, diabetes, other immunosuppressive conditions or co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [1]. Active TB disease in low TB incidence/high income countries mostly occurs in foreign-born individuals due to reactivation of latent infection while recent infection/re-infection is common in TB endemic countries [1,3].","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84532952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9597.1000339
M. Yameen, E. David, H. Nzelibe, M. Shuaibu, R. Magaji, Amakaeze Jude Odugu, Ogamdi Sunday Onwe
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)-induced diarrhea on fecal nitric oxide (NO) and intestinal inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in rats. E. coli isolates were gotten from infants diarrheal samples. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of eltA gene for heat-stable (ST) enterotoxigenic E. coli and eltB for heat-labile (LT) enterotoxigenic E. coli. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the organisms. Biofilm formation was detected by thiazoylblue tetrazolium bromide dye in a 96-well plate. Fecal NO was measured using standard griess reaction system. Reverse transcription PCR was used to investigate the expression of iNOS expression. Although none of the ETECs isolated in this study belonged to the classic serotype, serogroup O6 and O8 were found to be associated with ETECs. Among the three ETECs, two were found to be multidrug resistant. The biofilm production abilities of all the ETECs were found to exist between weak and moderate biofilm producers. Fecal NO was found to be elevated in both LT and ST-induced diarrheal groups but there was no corresponding intestinal iNOS expression. This suggests that the elevated NO could be as a result of up-regulation of constitutive NOS rather than iNOS.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli : Effect on Intestinal Nitric Oxide in Diarrheal Disease","authors":"M. Yameen, E. David, H. Nzelibe, M. Shuaibu, R. Magaji, Amakaeze Jude Odugu, Ogamdi Sunday Onwe","doi":"10.4172/2155-9597.1000339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597.1000339","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to investigate the effect of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)-induced diarrhea on fecal nitric oxide (NO) and intestinal inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in rats. E. coli isolates were gotten from infants diarrheal samples. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of eltA gene for heat-stable (ST) enterotoxigenic E. coli and eltB for heat-labile (LT) enterotoxigenic E. coli. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the organisms. Biofilm formation was detected by thiazoylblue tetrazolium bromide dye in a 96-well plate. Fecal NO was measured using standard griess reaction system. Reverse transcription PCR was used to investigate the expression of iNOS expression. Although none of the ETECs isolated in this study belonged to the classic serotype, serogroup O6 and O8 were found to be associated with ETECs. Among the three ETECs, two were found to be multidrug resistant. The biofilm production abilities of all the ETECs were found to exist between weak and moderate biofilm producers. Fecal NO was found to be elevated in both LT and ST-induced diarrheal groups but there was no corresponding intestinal iNOS expression. This suggests that the elevated NO could be as a result of up-regulation of constitutive NOS rather than iNOS.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83736487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-02DOI: 10.4172/2155-9597.1000332
Sissinto Savi de Tove Y, Ogouyemi Hounto A, Alao Mj, Hounkpatin A, Hounsou M, K. D., Bankole P, Adeothy A, F. C., Adomahou D, Adisso L, Nama Medoua G, El Kouri K, Amoussou Guenou K, Massougbodji A, Kinde Gazard D
Exclusive breastfeeding would reduce susceptibility to malaria according to several studies. The objective of this study was to assess Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) parasitaemia in children under 6 months exclusively breastfed in southern Benin. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 from February to August. We randomly selected 106 exclusively breastfed children aged from 0 to 6 months in the Ouidah-Kpomasse-Tori-Bossito health region (OKT) in southern Benin. 24 h recall method was used to identify exclusively breastfed children. Plasmodium was detected by a thick drop, blood smear and a real time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The children average age was 2.2 months. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1. The prevalence of P. falciparum malaria was 0.9%. One child had fever and positive parasitaemia with gametocytes confirmed by qPCR at 27 Cycle threshold (Ct). This child was 4.2 months old and slept under mosquito bed net. There was no asymptomatic parasitaemia among all the children. The prevalence of P. falciparum parasitaemia in exclusively breastfed children, that was lower than the average prevalence in southern Benin, the practice of breastfeeding should be encouraged and strengthened. Future studies with objective measure of breast milk could help to better classify exclusive breastfeeding.
{"title":"Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Parasitaemia in Exclusively Breastfed Children Aged 0-6 Month in the Ouidah Kpomassè-Tori-Bossito Health Region in Benin","authors":"Sissinto Savi de Tove Y, Ogouyemi Hounto A, Alao Mj, Hounkpatin A, Hounsou M, K. D., Bankole P, Adeothy A, F. C., Adomahou D, Adisso L, Nama Medoua G, El Kouri K, Amoussou Guenou K, Massougbodji A, Kinde Gazard D","doi":"10.4172/2155-9597.1000332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9597.1000332","url":null,"abstract":"Exclusive breastfeeding would reduce susceptibility to malaria according to several studies. The objective of this study was to assess Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) parasitaemia in children under 6 months exclusively breastfed in southern Benin. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 from February to August. We randomly selected 106 exclusively breastfed children aged from 0 to 6 months in the Ouidah-Kpomasse-Tori-Bossito health region (OKT) in southern Benin. 24 h recall method was used to identify exclusively breastfed children. Plasmodium was detected by a thick drop, blood smear and a real time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The children average age was 2.2 months. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1. The prevalence of P. falciparum malaria was 0.9%. One child had fever and positive parasitaemia with gametocytes confirmed by qPCR at 27 Cycle threshold (Ct). This child was 4.2 months old and slept under mosquito bed net. There was no asymptomatic parasitaemia among all the children. The prevalence of P. falciparum parasitaemia in exclusively breastfed children, that was lower than the average prevalence in southern Benin, the practice of breastfeeding should be encouraged and strengthened. Future studies with objective measure of breast milk could help to better classify exclusive breastfeeding.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75098201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-13DOI: 10.4172/2155-9597.1000329
Mitiku Bajiro, S. Tesfaye
Background: Human Schistosomiasis caused by mansoni is among the chronic neglected tropical parasitic disease. Water bodies harboring intermediate host and infested with infective Cercaria is risk factor for getting infection and contact with it for different domestic purposes. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine mansoni infections prevalence and associated determinant factors among School Children in Manna District, Southwest, Ethiopia. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among the school children aged between 6-19 years from March to May 2015. For diagnosis of mansoni, stool sample was obtained from each child and processed using Kato Katz and examined using light microscope. A questionnaire was used to collect Socio-demographic information of the school children participated and risk factors for mansoni infections in the study area. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The prevalence of mansoni was found to be 27.6%, which was 28.6% and 26.7% among male and female, respectively. Majority of infection intensity was low with maximum 1968EPG. Bathing in river/ponds (AOR=0.088, 95% CI, 0.002-0.099, P=0.039), washing clothes in open water sources (AOR=0.075, 95% CI, 0.006-0.101, P=0.002) and crossing rivers on bare foots (AOR=0.058, 95% CI, 0.05-0.087, P=0.002) were independent predictors for mansoni infection (P-value 10% and <50% according to WHO threshold); hence a biannual MDA with PZQ is required and bathing in open water sources, washing clothes in rivers/ponds and crossing river on bare foot were independent predictors of S.mansoni infections.
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