Amir KarimiPourSaryazdi, Pooya Tavakoli, M. Barati, F. Ghaffarifar, Ali Dalir Ghaffari, Yeganeh KarimiPourSaryazdi
Background: Toxoplasmosis is a tropical disease that is opportunistic in immunocompromised patients. Objectives: In this research, our goal was to assess the anti-parasitic effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) based on ginger extract on T. gondii tachyzoites. Methods: This study was conducted to assess the effects of various concentrations of nanoparticles on the parasite using light microscopy. The MTT assay was also conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of silver nanoparticles based on ginger extract on macrophage cells. In addition, the potential apoptosis of T. gondii by silver NPs was assessed using the flow cytometry technique. Results: Based on the tachyzoite assay using microscopic examination, it was observed that the higher the NPs concentration and the longer the parasite’s exposure to NPs, the greater the lethal effect of NPs on tachyzoites. The IC50 (inhibitory concentration) for NPs against T. gondii tachyzoites was 2 ppm. Also, according to the MTT assay, the 40 ppm concentration of nanoparticles had the most toxic impact on macrophages. Moreover, silver NPs led to apoptosis in approximately 55.22% of tachyzoites based on the flow cytometry technique. Conclusions: Based on the above results, it is concluded that silver nanoparticles based on ginger extract have a lethal effect on T. gondii and induce apoptosis in this parasite. This study encourages further studies in vivo.
{"title":"Anti-Toxoplasma Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Based on Ginger Extract: An in Vitro Study","authors":"Amir KarimiPourSaryazdi, Pooya Tavakoli, M. Barati, F. Ghaffarifar, Ali Dalir Ghaffari, Yeganeh KarimiPourSaryazdi","doi":"10.5812/jamm.104248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jamm.104248","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Toxoplasmosis is a tropical disease that is opportunistic in immunocompromised patients. Objectives: In this research, our goal was to assess the anti-parasitic effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) based on ginger extract on T. gondii tachyzoites. Methods: This study was conducted to assess the effects of various concentrations of nanoparticles on the parasite using light microscopy. The MTT assay was also conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of silver nanoparticles based on ginger extract on macrophage cells. In addition, the potential apoptosis of T. gondii by silver NPs was assessed using the flow cytometry technique. Results: Based on the tachyzoite assay using microscopic examination, it was observed that the higher the NPs concentration and the longer the parasite’s exposure to NPs, the greater the lethal effect of NPs on tachyzoites. The IC50 (inhibitory concentration) for NPs against T. gondii tachyzoites was 2 ppm. Also, according to the MTT assay, the 40 ppm concentration of nanoparticles had the most toxic impact on macrophages. Moreover, silver NPs led to apoptosis in approximately 55.22% of tachyzoites based on the flow cytometry technique. Conclusions: Based on the above results, it is concluded that silver nanoparticles based on ginger extract have a lethal effect on T. gondii and induce apoptosis in this parasite. This study encourages further studies in vivo.","PeriodicalId":15058,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archives in Military Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83328549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Eslamdoust, F. Ghazalian, M. Gholami, K. Ebrahim, B. Bazgir
Background: It has been assumed that during and after BFR exercises, many blood factors are activated and angiogenesis response is stimulated in the arteries. Objectives: Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the effect of two eccentric resistance training methods with and without blood flow restriction on serum IL6 and MMP9 levels in active young men. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 16 healthy men with a mean age of 27.8 ± 2.85 (years), the weight of 79.4 ± 12.4 (kg), and a body mass index of 25.5 ± 3.7 (kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either low-intensity eccentric group with BFR or the high-intensity eccentric without BFR. The high-intensity (70% - 80% maximum voluntary contraction MVC) eccentric exercise without BFR included 3 - 5 cycles of eccentric contraction of the quadriceps muscles, up to exhaustion, whereas low-intensity eccentric exercise executed similar exercise modality at intensity of 20% - 30% MVC with blood flow restriction up to exhaustion. Blood samples were taken from antecubital both before and after the exercise to measure serum IL6 and MMP9 values using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and analysis of variance with repeated measure test in SPSS version 22. A P value of < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. Results: High-intensity resistance per se and low-intensity resistance exercise with BFR similarly resulted in a non-significant reduction of IL-6 and elevated levels of MMP-9 serum levels in active young men. Conclusions: Overall, the results indicated that a low-intensity resistance exercise session with restricted blood flow and a high-intensity resistance exercise without blood flow restriction equally did not affect IL6 and MMP9 serum of active young men. Further studies are needed to clarify the exact exercise modality that sufficiently stimulates angiogenesis.
{"title":"The Effect of Eccentric Resistance Training with and Without Blood Flow Restriction on Serum IL6 and MMP9 Levels in Young Active Men","authors":"Mohammad Eslamdoust, F. Ghazalian, M. Gholami, K. Ebrahim, B. Bazgir","doi":"10.5812/jamm.106779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jamm.106779","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It has been assumed that during and after BFR exercises, many blood factors are activated and angiogenesis response is stimulated in the arteries. Objectives: Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the effect of two eccentric resistance training methods with and without blood flow restriction on serum IL6 and MMP9 levels in active young men. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 16 healthy men with a mean age of 27.8 ± 2.85 (years), the weight of 79.4 ± 12.4 (kg), and a body mass index of 25.5 ± 3.7 (kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either low-intensity eccentric group with BFR or the high-intensity eccentric without BFR. The high-intensity (70% - 80% maximum voluntary contraction MVC) eccentric exercise without BFR included 3 - 5 cycles of eccentric contraction of the quadriceps muscles, up to exhaustion, whereas low-intensity eccentric exercise executed similar exercise modality at intensity of 20% - 30% MVC with blood flow restriction up to exhaustion. Blood samples were taken from antecubital both before and after the exercise to measure serum IL6 and MMP9 values using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and analysis of variance with repeated measure test in SPSS version 22. A P value of < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. Results: High-intensity resistance per se and low-intensity resistance exercise with BFR similarly resulted in a non-significant reduction of IL-6 and elevated levels of MMP-9 serum levels in active young men. Conclusions: Overall, the results indicated that a low-intensity resistance exercise session with restricted blood flow and a high-intensity resistance exercise without blood flow restriction equally did not affect IL6 and MMP9 serum of active young men. Further studies are needed to clarify the exact exercise modality that sufficiently stimulates angiogenesis.","PeriodicalId":15058,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archives in Military Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90606593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The beneficial effects of pre-cooling techniques on endurance training have been proved, although few studies are conducted on the effects of pre-cooling techniques on high-intensity exercises Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the effects of 30-minute whole body pre-cooling on anaerobic performance indices in women futsal players. Methods: Twelve female subjects (age 22.5 ± 2.24, hight159 ± 0.06, weight 55.22 ± 12.73) participated in this cross-design study and were tested randomly after either 30- minute of pre-cooling using ice jackets or under control conditions (no pre-cooling) in two separate sessions with three days interval between each session. This was immediately followed by the RAST anaerobic power test. Buerer FT-70digital thermometer, polar-FT60 heart rate monitoring, micro lifeblood pressure monitoring, hp-cosmos lactometer, and ELISA technique were used to measure core body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, blood lactate, and Lactate dehydrogenase, respectively. T-independent and dependent tests were also applied to compare changes both between and within groups. Results: Data on core temperature, heart rate, maximum power output, and fatigue index after pre-cooling were significantly higher in the pre-cooling group than the control group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the groups concerning the blood lactate levels, mean and minimum power output, and blood pressure (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, the results suggest that 30-minute of whole-body pre-cooling improves repeated bouts of intensive activity through the occlusion of skin vessels to stimulate the blood flow to the active muscles.
背景:预冷技术对耐力训练的有益作用已被证明，尽管很少有研究表明预冷技术对高强度运动的影响。目的:本研究旨在确定30分钟全身预冷对女子五人制足球运动员无氧性能指标的影响。方法:12名女性受试者(年龄22.5±2.24岁，身高159±0.06，体重55.22±12.73)参与本交叉设计研究，随机分为两组，每组间隔3天，分别采用冰衣预冷30分钟和对照组(无预冷)进行测试。随后立即进行RAST厌氧功率测试。采用Buerer ft -70数字体温计、polar-FT60心率监测、微生命血压监测、hp-cosmos乳酸计、ELISA技术分别测定核心体温、心率、血压、血乳酸、乳酸脱氢酶。t独立和相关检验也用于比较组间和组内的变化。结果:预冷组核心体温、心率、最大功率输出、疲劳指数均显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)，血乳酸水平、平均、最小功率输出、血压各组间差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:总之，结果表明，30分钟的全身预冷可以通过阻塞皮肤血管来刺激血液流向活动肌肉，从而改善反复剧烈运动的情况。
{"title":"The Effects of 30-minute Whole-Body Pre-Cooling on Anaerobic Performance Indices in Women Futsal Players","authors":"A. Monazzami, Hadis Maleki Sadeghi, A. Hematfar","doi":"10.5812/jamm.107135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jamm.107135","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The beneficial effects of pre-cooling techniques on endurance training have been proved, although few studies are conducted on the effects of pre-cooling techniques on high-intensity exercises Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the effects of 30-minute whole body pre-cooling on anaerobic performance indices in women futsal players. Methods: Twelve female subjects (age 22.5 ± 2.24, hight159 ± 0.06, weight 55.22 ± 12.73) participated in this cross-design study and were tested randomly after either 30- minute of pre-cooling using ice jackets or under control conditions (no pre-cooling) in two separate sessions with three days interval between each session. This was immediately followed by the RAST anaerobic power test. Buerer FT-70digital thermometer, polar-FT60 heart rate monitoring, micro lifeblood pressure monitoring, hp-cosmos lactometer, and ELISA technique were used to measure core body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, blood lactate, and Lactate dehydrogenase, respectively. T-independent and dependent tests were also applied to compare changes both between and within groups. Results: Data on core temperature, heart rate, maximum power output, and fatigue index after pre-cooling were significantly higher in the pre-cooling group than the control group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the groups concerning the blood lactate levels, mean and minimum power output, and blood pressure (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, the results suggest that 30-minute of whole-body pre-cooling improves repeated bouts of intensive activity through the occlusion of skin vessels to stimulate the blood flow to the active muscles.","PeriodicalId":15058,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archives in Military Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84070935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inam Danish Khan, Akanksha Yadav, U. Kapoor, I. Joshi, R. Pandey, A. Naik, J. Prakash, A. Chowdhury, M. Brijwal, G. Gonimadatala, N. Bhuttay, Anuradha Makkar
Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) includes infections occurring after 48 hours of any surgery and accounts for most of the healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in surgical centers. Surgical site infections can result in pain, discomfort, prolonged hospital stay, increased exposure to antimicrobials, and consequentially, increased healthcare costs. Objectives: The study intended to characterize the incidence, etiology, and emerging resistance of SSI in a 1000-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital in New Delhi. Methods: The ambispective study was conducted in a 1000-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital in New Delhi. Clinical, laboratory, and environmental surveillance and screening of health care providers (HCPs) were conducted using the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions and methods given by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Results: With 3,541 patients admitted to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Ward and General Surgical Ward of the hospital, the total episodes of SSI were 80 (2.26%). The mean rates of superficial, deep, and organ space SSI were 46.25%, 47.5%, and 6.25%, respectively. The most common organisms isolated were Acinetobacter baumannii (23.75%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.5%), Escherichia coli (15%), and Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%). Conclusions: The rate of SSI in our study was comparable to the unadjusted rates in India, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income countries worldwide. Patients with pre-existing medical illness, prolonged operation time, and wound contamination are strongly predisposed to surgical site infection.
{"title":"Surgical Site Infection in a 1000-Bed Tertiary-Care Teaching Hospital in New Delhi, India","authors":"Inam Danish Khan, Akanksha Yadav, U. Kapoor, I. Joshi, R. Pandey, A. Naik, J. Prakash, A. Chowdhury, M. Brijwal, G. Gonimadatala, N. Bhuttay, Anuradha Makkar","doi":"10.5812/jamm.107492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jamm.107492","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) includes infections occurring after 48 hours of any surgery and accounts for most of the healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in surgical centers. Surgical site infections can result in pain, discomfort, prolonged hospital stay, increased exposure to antimicrobials, and consequentially, increased healthcare costs. Objectives: The study intended to characterize the incidence, etiology, and emerging resistance of SSI in a 1000-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital in New Delhi. Methods: The ambispective study was conducted in a 1000-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital in New Delhi. Clinical, laboratory, and environmental surveillance and screening of health care providers (HCPs) were conducted using the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions and methods given by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Results: With 3,541 patients admitted to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Ward and General Surgical Ward of the hospital, the total episodes of SSI were 80 (2.26%). The mean rates of superficial, deep, and organ space SSI were 46.25%, 47.5%, and 6.25%, respectively. The most common organisms isolated were Acinetobacter baumannii (23.75%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.5%), Escherichia coli (15%), and Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%). Conclusions: The rate of SSI in our study was comparable to the unadjusted rates in India, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income countries worldwide. Patients with pre-existing medical illness, prolonged operation time, and wound contamination are strongly predisposed to surgical site infection.","PeriodicalId":15058,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archives in Military Medicine","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81468185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Implementing the post-activation potentiation phenomenon before a competition in the warm-up section may be better than performing the usual warm-up. Objectives: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of type and intensity of muscle contraction with different recovery periods on anaerobic power and peak torque in young trained girls. Methods: Twelve female subjects (age: 22 ± 2.95 years; height: 165.42 ± 5.35 cm; weight: 57.33 ± 9.15 kg) who had at least two years of continuous training experience were randomly selected. The subjects performed the contraction protocols (isometric (3×70/7s), concentric (3 × 90/4), and eccentric (3 × 110/5)) or control conditions in eight sessions with at least 48 hours intervals between the sessions. In this study, the countermovement jump test and Biodex isokinetic device (60°.S-1) model (ISO-1) were used for measuring anaerobic power and maximum peak torque, respectively. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA and one-way independent ANOVA were used for analyzing the data (P < 0.05). Results: The between-group comparisons showed that the highest anaerobic power and peak torque values in immediate and three-minute recovery periods were seen in the concentric protocol, and the highest values in seven-minute recovery periods were seen in the eccentric protocol (P < 0.05). These variables were also significant in concentric and eccentric contractions in within-group comparisons (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Eccentric contraction, similar to other contractions, can produce PAP. It seems that eccentric contractions due to a higher intensity of contractions can maintain more consistency of PAP than do other contractions.
{"title":"Effects of Type and Intensity of Voluntary Contractions With Different Recovery Periods on Anaerobic Power and Maximum Torque in Young Trained Girls","authors":"Fariba Momeni Sheykheh, A. Monazzami","doi":"10.5812/jamm.109872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jamm.109872","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Implementing the post-activation potentiation phenomenon before a competition in the warm-up section may be better than performing the usual warm-up. Objectives: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of type and intensity of muscle contraction with different recovery periods on anaerobic power and peak torque in young trained girls. Methods: Twelve female subjects (age: 22 ± 2.95 years; height: 165.42 ± 5.35 cm; weight: 57.33 ± 9.15 kg) who had at least two years of continuous training experience were randomly selected. The subjects performed the contraction protocols (isometric (3×70/7s), concentric (3 × 90/4), and eccentric (3 × 110/5)) or control conditions in eight sessions with at least 48 hours intervals between the sessions. In this study, the countermovement jump test and Biodex isokinetic device (60°.S-1) model (ISO-1) were used for measuring anaerobic power and maximum peak torque, respectively. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA and one-way independent ANOVA were used for analyzing the data (P < 0.05). Results: The between-group comparisons showed that the highest anaerobic power and peak torque values in immediate and three-minute recovery periods were seen in the concentric protocol, and the highest values in seven-minute recovery periods were seen in the eccentric protocol (P < 0.05). These variables were also significant in concentric and eccentric contractions in within-group comparisons (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Eccentric contraction, similar to other contractions, can produce PAP. It seems that eccentric contractions due to a higher intensity of contractions can maintain more consistency of PAP than do other contractions.","PeriodicalId":15058,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archives in Military Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91190621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Afsahi, Hamidreza Ahmadi Ashtiani, Amir Hosein Askari Pour, E. Hazrati
: Chronic wound healing remains a complicated issue in the world's scientific health society. Alterations in the human body conditions such as biochemical, immunological, and physiological states may lead to non-healing wounds, making the treatment an insurmountably long and expensive procedure. Diabetes mellitus disposes the body to many complicated conditions while preventing diabetic wounds away from the normal wound-healing process. As topical administration is a favorable route of treating wounds, here, in this article, different topical materials and their roles are briefly reviewed.
{"title":"Diabetic Wound Care: A Concise Review of Diabetic Wound and Skincare Ingredients","authors":"M. Afsahi, Hamidreza Ahmadi Ashtiani, Amir Hosein Askari Pour, E. Hazrati","doi":"10.5812/jamm.107178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jamm.107178","url":null,"abstract":": Chronic wound healing remains a complicated issue in the world's scientific health society. Alterations in the human body conditions such as biochemical, immunological, and physiological states may lead to non-healing wounds, making the treatment an insurmountably long and expensive procedure. Diabetes mellitus disposes the body to many complicated conditions while preventing diabetic wounds away from the normal wound-healing process. As topical administration is a favorable route of treating wounds, here, in this article, different topical materials and their roles are briefly reviewed.","PeriodicalId":15058,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archives in Military Medicine","volume":"54 65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91336684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sachin Saini, R. Pandey, Navdeep Singh, S. Pandey, Inam Danish Khan
Background: Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) is a condition in which gastric content reflux into the larynx and pharynx. It is one of the extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), involving the laryngeal regio. The laryngopharyngeal epithelium is more susceptible to reflux-related tissue injury than the esophageal epithelium. Objectives: This study aimed to test the hypothesis of whether severe vitamin D deficiency results in increased Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms in Indian females. The objective was to find out the prevalence of LPR in the severe vitamin D deficient Indian female population. Methods: A descriptive observational study was done at a multispecialty polyclinic in New Delhi, India, over a period of one year. Based on a pilot study, a sample size of 185 individuals was taken. All females referring to the general outpatient department (OPD) with vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml were included. The frequency of LPR symptoms in the study participants was assessed using the reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS) given for all symptomatic patients using a validated scoring system. The data were analyzed descriptively with Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 21 using appropriate tests. Results: In this study, 92% of the subjects aged more than 25 years, and the mean vitamin D level was 9.87 (± 3.425) ng/ml. Moreover, 74% of study participants had severe vitamin D deficiency (≤ 10 ng/ml). The mean RSI for our study participants was 14.54 (± 10.353). Also, the mean RFS was 1.77 (± 3.069). No significant correlation was established between the severity of vitamin D deficiency and RSI as well as RFS. The prevalence of LPR was 43%. Conclusions: Hypovitaminosis D does not have any effect on LPR in the Indian female population.
背景:喉咽反流(LPR)是胃内容物反流到喉部和咽部的一种疾病。它是胃食管反流病(GERD)的食管外表现之一，累及喉区。喉咽上皮比食管上皮更容易受到反流相关组织损伤。目的:本研究旨在验证严重维生素D缺乏是否会导致印度女性喉咽反流(LPR)症状增加的假设。目的是找出LPR在严重缺乏维生素D的印度女性人群中的患病率。方法:在印度新德里的一家多专科综合医院进行了为期一年的描述性观察研究。在一项初步研究的基础上，研究人员选取了185人作为样本。所有维生素D水平低于20 ng/ml的普通门诊(OPD)女性均被纳入研究。研究参与者中LPR症状的频率使用反流症状指数(RSI)和反流发现评分(RFS)进行评估，使用经过验证的评分系统对所有有症状的患者进行评分。采用Microsoft Excel和SPSS version 21对数据进行描述性分析，并进行相应的检验。结果:92%的受试者年龄大于25岁，平均维生素D水平为9.87(±3.425)ng/ml。此外，74%的研究参与者有严重的维生素D缺乏症(≤10 ng/ml)。我们研究参与者的RSI平均值为14.54(±10.353)。平均RFS为1.77(±3.069)。维生素D缺乏的严重程度与RSI和RFS之间没有明显的相关性。LPR患病率为43%。结论:维生素D缺乏症对印度女性人群的LPR无影响。
{"title":"Prevalence and Correlation of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux in Females with Vitamin D Deficiency in a Multi-Specialty Polyclinic in New Delhi, India","authors":"Sachin Saini, R. Pandey, Navdeep Singh, S. Pandey, Inam Danish Khan","doi":"10.5812/jamm.109716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jamm.109716","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) is a condition in which gastric content reflux into the larynx and pharynx. It is one of the extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), involving the laryngeal regio. The laryngopharyngeal epithelium is more susceptible to reflux-related tissue injury than the esophageal epithelium. Objectives: This study aimed to test the hypothesis of whether severe vitamin D deficiency results in increased Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms in Indian females. The objective was to find out the prevalence of LPR in the severe vitamin D deficient Indian female population. Methods: A descriptive observational study was done at a multispecialty polyclinic in New Delhi, India, over a period of one year. Based on a pilot study, a sample size of 185 individuals was taken. All females referring to the general outpatient department (OPD) with vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml were included. The frequency of LPR symptoms in the study participants was assessed using the reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS) given for all symptomatic patients using a validated scoring system. The data were analyzed descriptively with Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 21 using appropriate tests. Results: In this study, 92% of the subjects aged more than 25 years, and the mean vitamin D level was 9.87 (± 3.425) ng/ml. Moreover, 74% of study participants had severe vitamin D deficiency (≤ 10 ng/ml). The mean RSI for our study participants was 14.54 (± 10.353). Also, the mean RFS was 1.77 (± 3.069). No significant correlation was established between the severity of vitamin D deficiency and RSI as well as RFS. The prevalence of LPR was 43%. Conclusions: Hypovitaminosis D does not have any effect on LPR in the Indian female population.","PeriodicalId":15058,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archives in Military Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89812728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: The COVID-19 pandemic emerged in China and spread to the majority of countries worldwide, causing numerous health problems and restrictions on the people’s lifestyles. The complications of this disease can be much more severe in patients who have a weakened immune system or a chronic disease. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder in which the immune system is impaired. Exposure to COVID-19 will have severe consequences in the sickle cell disease patients. In this study aimed to investigate the relationship between this disease with the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence Acquisition: Embase, Scopus, Pub Med databases were reviewed. Keywords were combined as (“COVID19” OR “Coronavirus” AND “Anemia sickle Cell” OR “Sickle cell disease”). The results of related articles were used. Results: At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, chronic patients and those with weakened immune systems need to be more socially inclined to be less exposed to the COVID-19 virus. Conclusions: When producing the COVID vaccine, high-risk groups such as sickle cell anemia patients should be given priority.
{"title":"Sickle Cell Disease and COVID-19","authors":"L. Moradi","doi":"10.5812/JAMM.109727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/JAMM.109727","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The COVID-19 pandemic emerged in China and spread to the majority of countries worldwide, causing numerous health problems and restrictions on the people’s lifestyles. The complications of this disease can be much more severe in patients who have a weakened immune system or a chronic disease. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder in which the immune system is impaired. Exposure to COVID-19 will have severe consequences in the sickle cell disease patients. In this study aimed to investigate the relationship between this disease with the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence Acquisition: Embase, Scopus, Pub Med databases were reviewed. Keywords were combined as (“COVID19” OR “Coronavirus” AND “Anemia sickle Cell” OR “Sickle cell disease”). The results of related articles were used. Results: At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, chronic patients and those with weakened immune systems need to be more socially inclined to be less exposed to the COVID-19 virus. Conclusions: When producing the COVID vaccine, high-risk groups such as sickle cell anemia patients should be given priority.","PeriodicalId":15058,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archives in Military Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84933071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Challenge of Learning and Teaching During the Outbreak of COVID-19 (COVID Challenge) Problem or Opportunity","authors":"Malahat Shabani Minnabadi","doi":"10.5812/JAMM.103455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/JAMM.103455","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":15058,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archives in Military Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75068662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cumulative dose of ovary as a radiosensitive organ during abdominal and pelvic CT scan imaging is still a controversial challenge that requires practical dose reduction strategies. Although bismuth shields can reduce the dose in the right proportions, their use is controversial due to the reduced image quality. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a new combination of X-ray absorber structures that have less effect on image quality parameters. Methods: First, various shields with different weight percentages of Cu and Bi were made, then the percentage of dose reduction and image quality were evaluated via phantoms. Finally, Shield with the least effect on image quality was evaluated for clinical evaluation on 20 patients. Results: Shielding with thicknesses of 1T and 3T reduced the Entrance skin dose of ovarian by about 52% and 73%, respectively. Shields with 90% cu-10% Bi and 100% Bi structures had the least and most destructive effects on image quality, respectively, and also have the same image quality. The 10% Bi-90% Cu shield provided a 21% greater dose reduction than the bismuth shield. Also, this 1T thick shield did not create an artifact in the reconstructed images. Conclusions: Shields are flexible, inexpensive, and user-friendly for ovarian shielding in abdominal and pelvic CT scans. Unlike bismuth shields, shields do not have the detrimental effects of image quality degradation.
{"title":"Reduction of Ovarian Radiation Dose and Image Quality Disruptive Effects: New Constructed Shields for CT Scanning of Abdomen and Pelvis","authors":"Mehran Bagheri, Mohammad Reza Azimi Aval","doi":"10.5812/JAMM.109023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/JAMM.109023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cumulative dose of ovary as a radiosensitive organ during abdominal and pelvic CT scan imaging is still a controversial challenge that requires practical dose reduction strategies. Although bismuth shields can reduce the dose in the right proportions, their use is controversial due to the reduced image quality. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a new combination of X-ray absorber structures that have less effect on image quality parameters. Methods: First, various shields with different weight percentages of Cu and Bi were made, then the percentage of dose reduction and image quality were evaluated via phantoms. Finally, Shield with the least effect on image quality was evaluated for clinical evaluation on 20 patients. Results: Shielding with thicknesses of 1T and 3T reduced the Entrance skin dose of ovarian by about 52% and 73%, respectively. Shields with 90% cu-10% Bi and 100% Bi structures had the least and most destructive effects on image quality, respectively, and also have the same image quality. The 10% Bi-90% Cu shield provided a 21% greater dose reduction than the bismuth shield. Also, this 1T thick shield did not create an artifact in the reconstructed images. Conclusions: Shields are flexible, inexpensive, and user-friendly for ovarian shielding in abdominal and pelvic CT scans. Unlike bismuth shields, shields do not have the detrimental effects of image quality degradation.","PeriodicalId":15058,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archives in Military Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74719615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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