首页 > 最新文献

Journal of Applied Physics最新文献

英文 中文
Validation of minority carrier recombination lifetimes in low-dimensional semiconductors found by analytical photoresponses 验证分析光响应发现的低维半导体中少数载流子重组寿命
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1063/5.0181306
Kai Li, Yinchu Shen, Zhijuan Su, Yaping Dan
It is a formidable challenge to find the minority carrier recombination lifetime in low-dimensional devices as low-dimensionality increases the surface recombination rate and often reduces the recombination lifetime to a scale of picoseconds. In this work, we demonstrated a simple but powerful method to quantitatively probe the minority carrier recombination lifetime in silicon nanowires or microwires by fitting the experimental photoresponses with our recently established analytical photoresponse principle of photoconductors. The nanowires were passivated with small molecules and Al2O3 to suppress surface recombination, which will increase the minority recombination lifetimes. As expected, the minority carrier recombination lifetime found by this approach increases by orders of magnitude. These wires were also made into PIN diodes, the leakage of which was reduced at least 1 order of magnitude after surface passivation by Al2O3. The minority recombination lifetime found from the leakage current of these devices is largely consistent with what we found from our analytical photoresponse principle. As a further step, we performed scanning photocurrent microscopy to find the minority diffusion length from which we found that the minority recombination lifetime is close to what we found from the analytical photoresponses. In short, this work validated that our analytical response principle is a reliable method to find the minority recombination lifetime in low-dimensional semiconductors.
在低维器件中寻找少数载流子重组寿命是一项艰巨的挑战,因为低维会增加表面重组率,通常会将重组寿命降低到皮秒级。在这项工作中,我们展示了一种简单而强大的方法,通过将实验光响应与我们最近建立的光电导体分析光响应原理进行拟合,定量探测硅纳米线或微线中的少数载流子重组寿命。用小分子和 Al2O3 对纳米线进行钝化,以抑制表面重组,从而增加少数载流子重组寿命。不出所料,这种方法发现的少数载流子重组寿命增加了几个数量级。这些导线还被制成了 PIN 二极管,经 Al2O3 表面钝化后,其漏电率至少降低了 1 个数量级。根据这些器件的泄漏电流得出的少数重组寿命与我们根据光响应原理分析得出的结果基本一致。此外,我们还通过扫描光电流显微镜找到了少子扩散长度,从而发现少子重组寿命与分析光响应的结果相近。总之,这项工作验证了我们的分析响应原理是找到低维半导体中少子重组寿命的可靠方法。
{"title":"Validation of minority carrier recombination lifetimes in low-dimensional semiconductors found by analytical photoresponses","authors":"Kai Li, Yinchu Shen, Zhijuan Su, Yaping Dan","doi":"10.1063/5.0181306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0181306","url":null,"abstract":"It is a formidable challenge to find the minority carrier recombination lifetime in low-dimensional devices as low-dimensionality increases the surface recombination rate and often reduces the recombination lifetime to a scale of picoseconds. In this work, we demonstrated a simple but powerful method to quantitatively probe the minority carrier recombination lifetime in silicon nanowires or microwires by fitting the experimental photoresponses with our recently established analytical photoresponse principle of photoconductors. The nanowires were passivated with small molecules and Al2O3 to suppress surface recombination, which will increase the minority recombination lifetimes. As expected, the minority carrier recombination lifetime found by this approach increases by orders of magnitude. These wires were also made into PIN diodes, the leakage of which was reduced at least 1 order of magnitude after surface passivation by Al2O3. The minority recombination lifetime found from the leakage current of these devices is largely consistent with what we found from our analytical photoresponse principle. As a further step, we performed scanning photocurrent microscopy to find the minority diffusion length from which we found that the minority recombination lifetime is close to what we found from the analytical photoresponses. In short, this work validated that our analytical response principle is a reliable method to find the minority recombination lifetime in low-dimensional semiconductors.","PeriodicalId":15088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139375885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modulation of the optical and transport properties of epitaxial SrNbO3 thin films by defect engineering 通过缺陷工程调节外延氧化锰酸锂薄膜的光学和传输特性
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179267
Shammi Kumar, Jibril Ahammad, Dip Das, Rakesh Kumar, Sankar Dhar, Priya Johari
The discovery of strontium niobate (SNO) as a potentially new transparent electrode has generated much interest due to its implications in various optoelectronic devices. Pristine SNO exhibits exceptionally low resistivity (∼10−4 Ω cm) at room temperature. However, this low resistivity occurs due to large number of carrier concentration in the system, which significantly affects its optical transparency (∼40%) in the visible range and hinders its practical applications as a transparent electrode. Here, we show that modulating the growth kinetics via oxygen manipulation is a feasible approach to achieve the desired optoelectronic properties. In particular, epitaxial (001) SNO thin films are grown on (001) lanthanum aluminate by pulsed laser deposition at different oxygen partial pressures and are shown to improve the optical transparency from 40% to 72% (λ = 550 nm) at a marginal cost of electrical resistivity from 2.8 to 8.1 × 10−4 Ω cm. These changes are directly linked with the multi-valence Nb-states, as evidenced by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the defect-engineered SNO films exhibit multiple electronic phases that include pure metallic, coexisting metal-semiconducting-like, and pure semiconducting-like phases as evidenced by low-temperature electrical transport measurements. The intriguing metal-semiconducting coexisting phase is thoroughly analyzed using both perpendicular and angle-dependent magnetoresistance measurements, further supported by a density functional theory-based first-principles study and the observed feature is explained by the quantum correction to the conductivity. Overall, this study shows an exciting avenue for altering the optical and transport properties of SNO epitaxial thin films for their practical use as a next-generation transparent electrode.
铌酸锶(SNO)作为一种潜在的新型透明电极,因其在各种光电设备中的应用而备受关注。原始的铌酸锶在室温下具有极低的电阻率(10-4 Ω cm)。然而,这种低电阻率是由于系统中存在大量载流子浓度造成的,这严重影响了其在可见光范围内的光学透明度(40%),阻碍了其作为透明电极的实际应用。在这里,我们展示了通过氧操纵来调节生长动力学是实现理想光电特性的可行方法。特别是,在不同氧分压条件下,通过脉冲激光沉积法在(001)铝酸镧上生长出外延(001)SNO 薄膜,结果表明光学透明度从 40% 提高到 72%(λ = 550 nm),而电阻率的边际成本从 2.8 提高到 8.1 × 10-4 Ω cm。X 射线光电子能谱证明,这些变化与多价铌态直接相关。此外,缺陷工程 SNO 薄膜显示出多种电子相,包括纯金属相、共存的类金属-半导体相和纯类半导体相,这在低温电传输测量中得到了证明。基于密度泛函理论的第一原理研究进一步支持了这一研究,并通过对电导率的量子修正解释了所观察到的特征。总之,这项研究为改变 SNO 外延薄膜的光学和传输特性、将其实际用作下一代透明电极提供了一条令人兴奋的途径。
{"title":"Modulation of the optical and transport properties of epitaxial SrNbO3 thin films by defect engineering","authors":"Shammi Kumar, Jibril Ahammad, Dip Das, Rakesh Kumar, Sankar Dhar, Priya Johari","doi":"10.1063/5.0179267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0179267","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of strontium niobate (SNO) as a potentially new transparent electrode has generated much interest due to its implications in various optoelectronic devices. Pristine SNO exhibits exceptionally low resistivity (∼10−4 Ω cm) at room temperature. However, this low resistivity occurs due to large number of carrier concentration in the system, which significantly affects its optical transparency (∼40%) in the visible range and hinders its practical applications as a transparent electrode. Here, we show that modulating the growth kinetics via oxygen manipulation is a feasible approach to achieve the desired optoelectronic properties. In particular, epitaxial (001) SNO thin films are grown on (001) lanthanum aluminate by pulsed laser deposition at different oxygen partial pressures and are shown to improve the optical transparency from 40% to 72% (λ = 550 nm) at a marginal cost of electrical resistivity from 2.8 to 8.1 × 10−4 Ω cm. These changes are directly linked with the multi-valence Nb-states, as evidenced by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the defect-engineered SNO films exhibit multiple electronic phases that include pure metallic, coexisting metal-semiconducting-like, and pure semiconducting-like phases as evidenced by low-temperature electrical transport measurements. The intriguing metal-semiconducting coexisting phase is thoroughly analyzed using both perpendicular and angle-dependent magnetoresistance measurements, further supported by a density functional theory-based first-principles study and the observed feature is explained by the quantum correction to the conductivity. Overall, this study shows an exciting avenue for altering the optical and transport properties of SNO epitaxial thin films for their practical use as a next-generation transparent electrode.","PeriodicalId":15088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139375837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plasma density distribution and its perturbation by probes in axially symmetrical plasma 等离子体密度分布及其在轴对称等离子体中的探测扰动
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180185
Valery Godyak, Natalia Sternberg
An analysis of plasma density distributions at arbitrary ion–atom collisionality for one-dimensional axially symmetrical cylindrical and annular plasmas is presented. Perturbations of plasma densities caused by a cylindrical probe are studied for arbitrary ion–atom collisionality. Analytical expressions for the plasma characteristics near the probe for low collisionality have been obtained. The plasma was modeled by the hydrodynamic neutral plasma equations, taking into account ionization, ion inertia, and a non-linear ion frictional force, which dominates the plasma transport at low gas pressures. Significant plasma density depletion around the probe has been observed for a wide range of ion–atom collisionality. The presented results predict underestimation of plasma density obtained from the classical Langmuir probe procedure and should provide a better understanding of electrostatic, magnetic, and microwave probes inserted into plasmas at low gas pressure.
本文分析了一维轴对称圆柱形和环形等离子体在任意离子-原子碰撞度下的等离子体密度分布。研究了任意离子原子碰撞度下圆柱探针对等离子体密度的扰动。获得了低碰撞度时探针附近等离子体特性的分析表达式。等离子体是通过流体力学中性等离子体方程建模的,其中考虑了电离、离子惯性和非线性离子摩擦力(在低气体压力下主导等离子体传输)。在广泛的离子-原子碰撞度范围内,探针周围观察到了明显的等离子体密度损耗。所提供的结果预测了根据经典的朗缪尔探针程序得到的等离子体密度的低估,应该能让人们更好地理解在低气压下插入等离子体的静电、磁性和微波探针。
{"title":"Plasma density distribution and its perturbation by probes in axially symmetrical plasma","authors":"Valery Godyak, Natalia Sternberg","doi":"10.1063/5.0180185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0180185","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of plasma density distributions at arbitrary ion–atom collisionality for one-dimensional axially symmetrical cylindrical and annular plasmas is presented. Perturbations of plasma densities caused by a cylindrical probe are studied for arbitrary ion–atom collisionality. Analytical expressions for the plasma characteristics near the probe for low collisionality have been obtained. The plasma was modeled by the hydrodynamic neutral plasma equations, taking into account ionization, ion inertia, and a non-linear ion frictional force, which dominates the plasma transport at low gas pressures. Significant plasma density depletion around the probe has been observed for a wide range of ion–atom collisionality. The presented results predict underestimation of plasma density obtained from the classical Langmuir probe procedure and should provide a better understanding of electrostatic, magnetic, and microwave probes inserted into plasmas at low gas pressure.","PeriodicalId":15088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139375907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Real-time acoustic holography with physics-reinforced contrastive learning for acoustic field reconstruction 利用物理强化对比学习进行声场重建的实时声全息技术
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174978
Chengxi Zhong, Qingyi Lu, Teng Li, Hu Su, Song Liu
Acoustic holography (AH) provides a promising technique for arbitrary acoustic field reconstruction, supporting many applications like robotic micro-nano manipulation, neuromodulation, volumetric imaging, and virtual reality. In AH, three-dimensional (3D) acoustic fields quantified with complex-valued acoustic pressures are reconstructed by virtue of two-dimensional (2D) acoustic holograms. Phase-only hologram (POH) is recently regarded as an energy-efficient way for AH, which is typically implemented by a dynamically programmable phased array of transducers (PATs). As a result, spatiotemporal precise acoustic field reconstruction is enabled by precise, dynamic, and individual actuation of PAT. Thus, 2D POH is required per arbitrary acoustic fields, which can be viewed as a physical inverse problem. However, solving the aforementioned physical inverse problem in numerical manners poses challenges due to its non-linear, high-dimensional, and complex coupling natures. The existing iterative algorithms like the iterative angular spectrum approach (IASA) and iterative backpropagation (IB) still suffer from speed-accuracy trade-offs. Hence, this paper explores a novel physics-iterative-reinforced deep learning method, in which frequency-argument contrastive learning is proposed facilitated by the inherent physical nature of AH, and the energy conservation law is under consideration. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for acoustic field reconstruction, highlighting its significant potential in the domain of acoustics, and pushing forward the combination of physics into deep learning.
声全息(AH)为任意声场重建提供了一种前景广阔的技术,支持机器人微纳操纵、神经调控、容积成像和虚拟现实等多种应用。在声全息技术中,三维(3D)声场通过二维(2D)声全息图进行量化。相位全息图(POH)最近被认为是一种高效节能的声场重建方法,通常由动态可编程相位阵列换能器(PAT)实现。因此,通过对相控阵的精确、动态和单独驱动,可以实现时空精确声场重建。因此,任意声场都需要二维 POH,这可以看作是一个物理逆问题。然而,由于其非线性、高维和复杂耦合的特性,用数值方法解决上述物理逆问题构成了挑战。现有的迭代算法,如迭代角谱法(IASA)和迭代反向传播法(IB),仍然存在速度与精度的权衡问题。因此,本文探索了一种新颖的物理迭代-强化深度学习方法,即利用 AH 固有的物理特性,考虑能量守恒定律,提出频率-参数对比学习。实验结果证明了所提方法在声场重建中的有效性,凸显了其在声学领域的巨大潜力,并推动了物理学与深度学习的结合。
{"title":"Real-time acoustic holography with physics-reinforced contrastive learning for acoustic field reconstruction","authors":"Chengxi Zhong, Qingyi Lu, Teng Li, Hu Su, Song Liu","doi":"10.1063/5.0174978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0174978","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic holography (AH) provides a promising technique for arbitrary acoustic field reconstruction, supporting many applications like robotic micro-nano manipulation, neuromodulation, volumetric imaging, and virtual reality. In AH, three-dimensional (3D) acoustic fields quantified with complex-valued acoustic pressures are reconstructed by virtue of two-dimensional (2D) acoustic holograms. Phase-only hologram (POH) is recently regarded as an energy-efficient way for AH, which is typically implemented by a dynamically programmable phased array of transducers (PATs). As a result, spatiotemporal precise acoustic field reconstruction is enabled by precise, dynamic, and individual actuation of PAT. Thus, 2D POH is required per arbitrary acoustic fields, which can be viewed as a physical inverse problem. However, solving the aforementioned physical inverse problem in numerical manners poses challenges due to its non-linear, high-dimensional, and complex coupling natures. The existing iterative algorithms like the iterative angular spectrum approach (IASA) and iterative backpropagation (IB) still suffer from speed-accuracy trade-offs. Hence, this paper explores a novel physics-iterative-reinforced deep learning method, in which frequency-argument contrastive learning is proposed facilitated by the inherent physical nature of AH, and the energy conservation law is under consideration. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for acoustic field reconstruction, highlighting its significant potential in the domain of acoustics, and pushing forward the combination of physics into deep learning.","PeriodicalId":15088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139376089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advances toward high-accuracy operation of tunable-barrier single-hole pumps in silicon 硅可调谐势垒单孔泵向高精度运行迈进
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179374
Gento Yamahata, Akira Fujiwara
Precise and reproducible current generation is the key to realizing quantum current standards in metrology. A promising candidate is a tunable-barrier single-charge pump, which can accurately transfer single charges one by one with an error rate below the ppm level. Although several measurements have shown such levels of accuracy, it is necessary to further pursue the possibility of high-precision operation toward reproducible generation of the pumping current in many devices. Here, we investigated silicon single-hole pumps, which may have the potential to outperform single-electron pumps because of the heavy effective mass of holes. Measurements on the temperature dependence of the current generated by the single-hole pump revealed that the tunnel barrier had high energy selectivity, which is a critical parameter for high-accuracy operation. In addition, we applied the dynamic gate-compensation technique to the single-hole pump and confirmed that it yielded a further performance improvement. Finally, we demonstrated gigahertz operation of a single-hole pump in which the estimated lower bound of the pump error rate was around 0.01 ppm. These results imply that single-hole pumps in silicon are capable of high-accuracy, high-speed, and stable single-charge pumping in metrological and quantum-device applications.
精确和可重现的电流产生是在计量学中实现量子电流标准的关键。可调谐势垒单电荷泵是一个很有前途的候选器件,它能精确地逐个传输单个电荷,误差率低于 ppm 级。虽然一些测量结果已经显示了这样的精度水平,但仍有必要进一步研究高精度操作的可能性,以便在许多设备中可重复地产生泵电流。在这里,我们研究了硅单孔泵,由于孔的有效质量大,它可能比单电子泵更有潜力。对单孔泵产生的电流的温度依赖性进行测量后发现,隧道势垒具有很高的能量选择性,这是高精度运行的关键参数。此外,我们还将动态栅极补偿技术应用于单孔泵,并证实该技术进一步提高了性能。最后,我们演示了单孔泵的千兆赫运行,其中泵误差率的估计下限约为 0.01 ppm。这些结果表明,硅单孔泵能够在计量和量子器件应用中实现高精度、高速和稳定的单电荷泵浦。
{"title":"Advances toward high-accuracy operation of tunable-barrier single-hole pumps in silicon","authors":"Gento Yamahata, Akira Fujiwara","doi":"10.1063/5.0179374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0179374","url":null,"abstract":"Precise and reproducible current generation is the key to realizing quantum current standards in metrology. A promising candidate is a tunable-barrier single-charge pump, which can accurately transfer single charges one by one with an error rate below the ppm level. Although several measurements have shown such levels of accuracy, it is necessary to further pursue the possibility of high-precision operation toward reproducible generation of the pumping current in many devices. Here, we investigated silicon single-hole pumps, which may have the potential to outperform single-electron pumps because of the heavy effective mass of holes. Measurements on the temperature dependence of the current generated by the single-hole pump revealed that the tunnel barrier had high energy selectivity, which is a critical parameter for high-accuracy operation. In addition, we applied the dynamic gate-compensation technique to the single-hole pump and confirmed that it yielded a further performance improvement. Finally, we demonstrated gigahertz operation of a single-hole pump in which the estimated lower bound of the pump error rate was around 0.01 ppm. These results imply that single-hole pumps in silicon are capable of high-accuracy, high-speed, and stable single-charge pumping in metrological and quantum-device applications.","PeriodicalId":15088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139376121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Voltage-controlled cryogenic Boolean logic gates based on ferroelectric SQUID and heater cryotron 基于铁电 SQUID 和加热器低温电子的电压控制低温布尔逻辑门
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1063/5.0172531
Shamiul Alam, Md Shafayat Hossain, Kai Ni, Vijaykrishnan Narayanan, Ahmedullah Aziz
The recent progress in quantum computing and space exploration led to a surge in interest in cryogenic electronics. Superconducting devices such as Josephson junction, Josephson field effect transistor, cryotron, and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) are traditionally used to build cryogenic logic gates. However, due to the superconducting nature, gate-voltage-based control of these devices is extremely difficult. Even more challenging is to cascade the logic gates because most of these devices require current bias for their operation. Therefore, these devices are not as convenient as the semiconducting transistors to design logic gates. Here, to overcome these challenges, we propose a ferroelectric SQUID (FeSQUID) based voltage-controlled logic gates. FeSQUID exhibits two different critical current levels for two different voltage-switchable polarization states of the ferroelectric. We utilize the polarization-dependent (hence, voltage-controllable) superconducting to resistive switching of FeSQUID to design Boolean logic gates such as Copy, NOT, AND, and OR gates. The operations of these gates are verified using a Verilog-A-based compact model of FeSQUID. Finally, to demonstrate the fanning out capability of FeSQUID-based logic family, we simulate a two-input XOR gate using FeSQUID-based NOT, AND, and OR gates. Together with the ongoing progress on FeSQUID-based non-volatile memory, our designed FeSQUID-based logic family will enable all FeSQUID-based cryogenic computer, ensuring minimum mismatch between logic and memory blocks in terms of speed, power consumption, and fabrication process.
量子计算和太空探索领域的最新进展引发了人们对低温电子学的浓厚兴趣。约瑟夫森结、约瑟夫森场效应晶体管、低温电子管和超导量子干涉器件(SQUID)等超导器件传统上被用于构建低温逻辑门。然而,由于其超导特性,对这些器件进行基于门电压的控制极为困难。更具挑战性的是级联逻辑门,因为这些器件大多需要电流偏置才能工作。因此,这些器件不像半导体晶体管那样便于设计逻辑门。在这里,为了克服这些挑战,我们提出了一种基于铁电 SQUID(FeSQUID)的电压控制逻辑门。铁电 SQUID 在两种不同的电压可切换极化态下表现出两种不同的临界电流水平。我们利用 FeSQUID 的极化依赖性(因此是电压可控的)超导到电阻开关来设计布尔逻辑门,如 Copy、NOT、AND 和 OR 门。使用基于 Verilog-A 的 FeSQUID 紧凑型模型对这些门的操作进行了验证。最后,为了展示基于 FeSQUID 的逻辑门系列的扩展能力,我们使用基于 FeSQUID 的 NOT、AND 和 OR 门模拟了一个两输入 XOR 门。结合目前在基于 FeSQUID 的非易失性存储器方面取得的进展,我们设计的基于 FeSQUID 的逻辑系列将支持所有基于 FeSQUID 的低温计算机,确保逻辑块和存储器块在速度、功耗和制造工艺方面的最小不匹配。
{"title":"Voltage-controlled cryogenic Boolean logic gates based on ferroelectric SQUID and heater cryotron","authors":"Shamiul Alam, Md Shafayat Hossain, Kai Ni, Vijaykrishnan Narayanan, Ahmedullah Aziz","doi":"10.1063/5.0172531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0172531","url":null,"abstract":"The recent progress in quantum computing and space exploration led to a surge in interest in cryogenic electronics. Superconducting devices such as Josephson junction, Josephson field effect transistor, cryotron, and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) are traditionally used to build cryogenic logic gates. However, due to the superconducting nature, gate-voltage-based control of these devices is extremely difficult. Even more challenging is to cascade the logic gates because most of these devices require current bias for their operation. Therefore, these devices are not as convenient as the semiconducting transistors to design logic gates. Here, to overcome these challenges, we propose a ferroelectric SQUID (FeSQUID) based voltage-controlled logic gates. FeSQUID exhibits two different critical current levels for two different voltage-switchable polarization states of the ferroelectric. We utilize the polarization-dependent (hence, voltage-controllable) superconducting to resistive switching of FeSQUID to design Boolean logic gates such as Copy, NOT, AND, and OR gates. The operations of these gates are verified using a Verilog-A-based compact model of FeSQUID. Finally, to demonstrate the fanning out capability of FeSQUID-based logic family, we simulate a two-input XOR gate using FeSQUID-based NOT, AND, and OR gates. Together with the ongoing progress on FeSQUID-based non-volatile memory, our designed FeSQUID-based logic family will enable all FeSQUID-based cryogenic computer, ensuring minimum mismatch between logic and memory blocks in terms of speed, power consumption, and fabrication process.","PeriodicalId":15088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139376030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Silicon implantation and annealing in β-Ga2O3: Role of ambient, temperature, and time β-Ga2O3中的硅植入和退火:环境、温度和时间的作用
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1063/5.0184946
Katie R. Gann, Naomi Pieczulewski, Cameron A. Gorsak, Karen Heinselman, Thaddeus J. Asel, Brenton A. Noesges, Kathleen T. Smith, Daniel M. Dryden, Huili Grace Xing, Hari P. Nair, David A. Muller, Michael O. Thompson
Optimizing thermal anneals of Si-implanted β-Ga2O3 is critical for low resistance contacts and selective area doping. We report the impact of annealing ambient, temperature, and time on the activation of room temperature ion-implanted Si in β-Ga2O3 at concentrations from 5 × 1018 to 1 × 1020 cm−3, demonstrating full activation (>80% activation, mobilities >70 cm2/V s) with contact resistances below 0.29 Ω mm. Homoepitaxial β-Ga2O3 films, grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on Fe-doped (010) substrates, were implanted at multiple energies to yield 100 nm box profiles of 5 × 1018, 5 × 1019, and 1 × 1020 cm−3. Anneals were performed in an ultra-high vacuum-compatible quartz furnace at 1 bar with well-controlled gas compositions. To maintain β-Ga2O3 stability, pO2 must be greater than 10−9 bar. Anneals up to pO2 = 1 bar achieve full activation at 5 × 1018 cm−3, while 5 × 1019 cm−3 must be annealed with pO2 ≤ 10−4 bar, and 1 × 1020 cm−3 requires pO2 < 10−6 bar. Water vapor prevents activation and must be maintained below 10−8 bar. Activation is achieved for anneal temperatures as low as 850 °C with mobility increasing with anneal temperatures up to 1050 °C, though Si diffusion has been reported above 950 °C. At 950 °C, activation is maximized between 5 and 20 min with longer times resulting in decreased carrier activation (over-annealing). This over-annealing is significant for concentrations above 5 × 1019 cm−3 and occurs rapidly at 1 × 1020 cm−3. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (channeling) suggests that damage recovery is seeded from remnant aligned β-Ga2O3 that remains after implantation; this conclusion is also supported by scanning transmission electron microscopy showing retention of the β-phase with inclusions that resemble the γ-phase.
优化 Si-implanted β-Ga2O3 的热退火对低电阻接触和选择性面积掺杂至关重要。我们报告了退火环境、温度和时间对室温离子注入硅在浓度为 5 × 1018 至 1 × 1020 cm-3 的 β-Ga2O3 中的活化的影响,证明了完全活化(>80% 活化,迁移率>70 cm2/V s),接触电阻低于 0.29 Ω mm。通过等离子体辅助分子束外延技术在掺铁(010)基底上生长的同外延β-Ga2O3 薄膜在多种能量下被植入,以产生 5 × 1018、5 × 1019 和 1 × 1020 cm-3 的 100 nm 框轮廓。退火在 1 bar 的超高真空兼容石英炉中进行,气体成分控制良好。要保持 β-Ga2O3 的稳定性,pO2 必须大于 10-9 巴。退火至 pO2 = 1 巴时,可在 5 × 1018 cm-3 的条件下实现完全活化,而 5 × 1019 cm-3 必须在 pO2 ≤ 10-4 巴的条件下退火,1 × 1020 cm-3 则需要 pO2 < 10-6 巴。水蒸气会阻止活化,必须保持在 10-8 巴以下。退火温度低至 850 °C时即可实现活化,流动性随退火温度的升高而增加,最高可达 1050 °C,但有报道称硅扩散温度高于 950 °C。在 950 ℃ 时,5 至 20 分钟的活化时间最大,时间越长,载流子活化越低(过度退火)。这种过度退火在浓度超过 5 × 1019 cm-3 时非常明显,在 1 × 1020 cm-3 时迅速发生。卢瑟福反向散射光谱法(沟道法)表明,损伤恢复的种子来自植入后残留的排列整齐的β-Ga2O3;扫描透射电子显微镜也支持这一结论,该显微镜显示了β相的保留和类似γ相的夹杂物。
{"title":"Silicon implantation and annealing in β-Ga2O3: Role of ambient, temperature, and time","authors":"Katie R. Gann, Naomi Pieczulewski, Cameron A. Gorsak, Karen Heinselman, Thaddeus J. Asel, Brenton A. Noesges, Kathleen T. Smith, Daniel M. Dryden, Huili Grace Xing, Hari P. Nair, David A. Muller, Michael O. Thompson","doi":"10.1063/5.0184946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0184946","url":null,"abstract":"Optimizing thermal anneals of Si-implanted β-Ga2O3 is critical for low resistance contacts and selective area doping. We report the impact of annealing ambient, temperature, and time on the activation of room temperature ion-implanted Si in β-Ga2O3 at concentrations from 5 × 1018 to 1 × 1020 cm−3, demonstrating full activation (>80% activation, mobilities >70 cm2/V s) with contact resistances below 0.29 Ω mm. Homoepitaxial β-Ga2O3 films, grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on Fe-doped (010) substrates, were implanted at multiple energies to yield 100 nm box profiles of 5 × 1018, 5 × 1019, and 1 × 1020 cm−3. Anneals were performed in an ultra-high vacuum-compatible quartz furnace at 1 bar with well-controlled gas compositions. To maintain β-Ga2O3 stability, pO2 must be greater than 10−9 bar. Anneals up to pO2 = 1 bar achieve full activation at 5 × 1018 cm−3, while 5 × 1019 cm−3 must be annealed with pO2 ≤ 10−4 bar, and 1 × 1020 cm−3 requires pO2 < 10−6 bar. Water vapor prevents activation and must be maintained below 10−8 bar. Activation is achieved for anneal temperatures as low as 850 °C with mobility increasing with anneal temperatures up to 1050 °C, though Si diffusion has been reported above 950 °C. At 950 °C, activation is maximized between 5 and 20 min with longer times resulting in decreased carrier activation (over-annealing). This over-annealing is significant for concentrations above 5 × 1019 cm−3 and occurs rapidly at 1 × 1020 cm−3. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (channeling) suggests that damage recovery is seeded from remnant aligned β-Ga2O3 that remains after implantation; this conclusion is also supported by scanning transmission electron microscopy showing retention of the β-phase with inclusions that resemble the γ-phase.","PeriodicalId":15088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139375884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intelligent programmable metasurface for vibration field sensing and electromagnetic reflection modulation 用于振动场传感和电磁反射调制的智能可编程元表面
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1063/5.0175769
Wu Wei Zhou, Fu Ju Ye, Xiao Qi Li, Hao Yang Cui, Lei Chen
While existing research has explored control strategies in multi-dimensional fields, the interconnectedness between electromagnetic and vibrational fields remains relatively uncharted. To explore this intersection and harness its potential, we propose an intelligent programmable metasurface that modulates electromagnetic fields based on vibration intensity information. This paper introduces a groundbreaking approach that synergizes the physical fields of mechanical (vibrational) waves with electromagnetic waves, facilitating the detection and manipulation of information from both fields. By combining a programmable metasurface, vibration sensors, and microcontroller units, we have achieved regulation of the electromagnetic field through utilization of vibration intensity information. In this work, we have introduced six coding patterns that facilitate dual-beam scanning with variable deflection angles. A 20 × 20 metasurface is fabricated and measured, and the measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results. This research opens a new avenue for manipulating electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, the findings have the potential to impact a wide range of fields, including building structuralhealth monitoring, industrial production, mechanical equipment monitoring, and earthquake monitoring.
虽然现有研究已经探索了多维场的控制策略,但电磁场和振动场之间的相互联系仍相对未知。为了探索这一交叉点并利用其潜力,我们提出了一种智能可编程元表面,可根据振动强度信息调节电磁场。本文介绍了一种开创性的方法,它将机械(振动)波的物理场与电磁波协同起来,促进了对两个场信息的检测和操纵。通过结合可编程元表面、振动传感器和微控制器单元,我们利用振动强度信息实现了对电磁场的调节。在这项工作中,我们引入了六种编码模式,便于以可变偏转角度进行双光束扫描。我们制作并测量了一个 20 × 20 的元表面,测量结果与模拟结果非常吻合。这项研究为操纵电磁波开辟了一条新途径。此外,该研究成果还有可能对建筑结构健康监测、工业生产、机械设备监测和地震监测等广泛领域产生影响。
{"title":"Intelligent programmable metasurface for vibration field sensing and electromagnetic reflection modulation","authors":"Wu Wei Zhou, Fu Ju Ye, Xiao Qi Li, Hao Yang Cui, Lei Chen","doi":"10.1063/5.0175769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0175769","url":null,"abstract":"While existing research has explored control strategies in multi-dimensional fields, the interconnectedness between electromagnetic and vibrational fields remains relatively uncharted. To explore this intersection and harness its potential, we propose an intelligent programmable metasurface that modulates electromagnetic fields based on vibration intensity information. This paper introduces a groundbreaking approach that synergizes the physical fields of mechanical (vibrational) waves with electromagnetic waves, facilitating the detection and manipulation of information from both fields. By combining a programmable metasurface, vibration sensors, and microcontroller units, we have achieved regulation of the electromagnetic field through utilization of vibration intensity information. In this work, we have introduced six coding patterns that facilitate dual-beam scanning with variable deflection angles. A 20 × 20 metasurface is fabricated and measured, and the measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results. This research opens a new avenue for manipulating electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, the findings have the potential to impact a wide range of fields, including building structuralhealth monitoring, industrial production, mechanical equipment monitoring, and earthquake monitoring.","PeriodicalId":15088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139105295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microwave absorption properties of oriented Sm2Fe14BHx/polyurethane with planar anisotropy 具有平面各向异性的定向 Sm2Fe14BHx/聚氨酯的微波吸收特性
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1063/5.0185465
Shengyu Yang, Yanfei Sheng, Wei Wu, Zhibiao Xu, Peng Wu, Yiwen Dong, Tao Wang, Fashen Li, Liang Qiao
Realization of microwave-absorbing materials with “small thickness, light weight, broad bandwidth, and low reflectivity” is an invariable topic. In this paper, Sm2Fe14BHx/polyurethane (SFBH/PU) composites with planar anisotropy were prepared by reduction–diffusion (R/D) and water bath hydrogenation (WBH) process. A minimum reflection loss (RL) value reaches −59.7 dB at the perfect matching frequency of 13.79 GHz with a thickness of only 1.035 mm. Compared with unhydrogenated SFB, the bandwidth and reflectivity are significantly improved. It is mainly attributed to the fact that introduction of hydrogen atoms effectively modulates the electromagnetic parameters and increases the Snoek limit ((μi−1)fr), which leads to the improvement of the high-frequency microwave absorption performance. In addition, the bandwidth equation is derived and simplified from the perspective of the reflected wave at the interface, which is in good agreement with the measured results.
实现 "厚度小、重量轻、带宽宽、反射率低 "的微波吸收材料是一个永恒的话题。本文采用还原-扩散(R/D)和水浴氢化(WBH)工艺制备了具有平面各向异性的 Sm2Fe14BHx/聚氨酯(SFBH/PU)复合材料。在 13.79 GHz 的完美匹配频率下,厚度仅为 1.035 mm 的复合材料的最小反射损耗 (RL) 值达到了 -59.7 dB。与未氢化的 SFB 相比,带宽和反射率都有显著提高。这主要归功于氢原子的引入有效地调节了电磁参数,提高了斯诺克极限((μi-1)fr),从而改善了高频微波吸收性能。此外,还从界面反射波的角度推导并简化了带宽方程,这与测量结果十分吻合。
{"title":"Microwave absorption properties of oriented Sm2Fe14BHx/polyurethane with planar anisotropy","authors":"Shengyu Yang, Yanfei Sheng, Wei Wu, Zhibiao Xu, Peng Wu, Yiwen Dong, Tao Wang, Fashen Li, Liang Qiao","doi":"10.1063/5.0185465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0185465","url":null,"abstract":"Realization of microwave-absorbing materials with “small thickness, light weight, broad bandwidth, and low reflectivity” is an invariable topic. In this paper, Sm2Fe14BHx/polyurethane (SFBH/PU) composites with planar anisotropy were prepared by reduction–diffusion (R/D) and water bath hydrogenation (WBH) process. A minimum reflection loss (RL) value reaches −59.7 dB at the perfect matching frequency of 13.79 GHz with a thickness of only 1.035 mm. Compared with unhydrogenated SFB, the bandwidth and reflectivity are significantly improved. It is mainly attributed to the fact that introduction of hydrogen atoms effectively modulates the electromagnetic parameters and increases the Snoek limit ((μi−1)fr), which leads to the improvement of the high-frequency microwave absorption performance. In addition, the bandwidth equation is derived and simplified from the perspective of the reflected wave at the interface, which is in good agreement with the measured results.","PeriodicalId":15088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139105292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of gamma-irradiation on the superconducting properties of FeTe0.55Se0.45 single crystals grown by self-flux method 伽马辐照对自流法生长的 FeTe0.55Se0.45 单晶超导特性的影响
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1063/5.0177897
Himanshu Chauhan, G. D. Varma
We have investigated the effect of gamma (γ)-irradiation on the structural and superconducting properties of FeTe0.55Se0.45 single crystals grown by the self-flux method. The impact of γ-irradiation on the superconducting transition temperature (TC), critical current density (JC), and vortex pinning mechanism has been systematically studied. The x-ray diffraction study reveals the growth of single crystals along the c-axis. The superconductivity has been confirmed in pristine and γ-irradiated samples through temperature-dependent resistivity (ρ(T)) and magnetization [M(T)] measurements. After irradiation, a slight improvement is observed in the upper critical field Hc2(0) values. The values of thermally activated energy have been calculated and a crossover from a single to collective vortex pinning regime is observed. Additionally, we have analyzed the vortex phase diagrams, revealing a transition from vortex liquid to vortex glass state. Furthermore, the presence of second magnetization peak (SMP) or fishtail effect has been noticed in the M(H) loops, and with increasing temperature, the position of SMP (Hsp) shifts toward lower magnetic field regions. The critical current density has been estimated by Bean's critical state model at different magnetic fields [JC(H)] and temperatures [JC(T)]. The defects through gamma-irradiation lead to a significant threefold increase in JC compared to pristine samples in self-field and at 2 K. The pinning mechanisms have been explained using collective pinning theory and the Dew-Hughes model by analyzing the normalized pinning force density. Our analysis indicates that δl-pinning is dominant and point defects are present in all the samples.
我们研究了伽马(γ)辐照对自流式方法生长的 FeTe0.55Se0.45 单晶的结构和超导特性的影响。系统研究了γ-辐照对超导转变温度(TC)、临界电流密度(JC)和涡旋钉扎机制的影响。X 射线衍射研究表明,单晶体沿 c 轴生长。通过随温度变化的电阻率(ρ(T))和磁化率[M(T)]测量,证实了原始样品和γ辐照样品的超导性。辐照后,观察到上临界磁场 Hc2(0) 值略有改善。我们计算了热激活能量值,并观察到从单涡旋到集体涡旋钉扎机制的交叉。此外,我们还分析了涡旋相图,发现了从涡旋液态到涡旋玻璃态的过渡。此外,我们还注意到 M(H)环中存在第二磁化峰(SMP)或鱼尾效应,而且随着温度的升高,第二磁化峰(Hsp)的位置会向低磁场区域移动。在不同磁场[JC(H)]和温度[JC(T)]下,临界电流密度是通过 Bean 临界态模型估算出来的。通过伽马辐照产生的缺陷导致自磁场和 2 K 时的 JC 比原始样品显著增加了三倍。我们的分析表明,δl 引脚占主导地位,所有样品中都存在点缺陷。
{"title":"Effects of gamma-irradiation on the superconducting properties of FeTe0.55Se0.45 single crystals grown by self-flux method","authors":"Himanshu Chauhan, G. D. Varma","doi":"10.1063/5.0177897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0177897","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated the effect of gamma (γ)-irradiation on the structural and superconducting properties of FeTe0.55Se0.45 single crystals grown by the self-flux method. The impact of γ-irradiation on the superconducting transition temperature (TC), critical current density (JC), and vortex pinning mechanism has been systematically studied. The x-ray diffraction study reveals the growth of single crystals along the c-axis. The superconductivity has been confirmed in pristine and γ-irradiated samples through temperature-dependent resistivity (ρ(T)) and magnetization [M(T)] measurements. After irradiation, a slight improvement is observed in the upper critical field Hc2(0) values. The values of thermally activated energy have been calculated and a crossover from a single to collective vortex pinning regime is observed. Additionally, we have analyzed the vortex phase diagrams, revealing a transition from vortex liquid to vortex glass state. Furthermore, the presence of second magnetization peak (SMP) or fishtail effect has been noticed in the M(H) loops, and with increasing temperature, the position of SMP (Hsp) shifts toward lower magnetic field regions. The critical current density has been estimated by Bean's critical state model at different magnetic fields [JC(H)] and temperatures [JC(T)]. The defects through gamma-irradiation lead to a significant threefold increase in JC compared to pristine samples in self-field and at 2 K. The pinning mechanisms have been explained using collective pinning theory and the Dew-Hughes model by analyzing the normalized pinning force density. Our analysis indicates that δl-pinning is dominant and point defects are present in all the samples.","PeriodicalId":15088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139105465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Applied Physics
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1