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Effect of probe structure on wave transmission spectra of microwave cutoff probe 探头结构对微波截止探头透射波谱的影响
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1063/5.0221290
Jae-Heon Lee, Hee-Jung Yeom, Gwang-Seok Chae, Jung-Hyung Kim, Hyo-Chang Lee
In this study, we examined the potential errors in plasma-density measurements using the cutoff probe method under various structural conditions, such as tip distance and length. Our studies indicate that under conditions of thin sheath thickness, the length or distance of the metal tips on the cutoff probe has a slight effect on the plasma transmission spectrum or cutoff frequency. However, under conditions with a notably thick sheath, the structure of the probe tip can cause an error of up to 2% between the measured cutoff frequency and actual plasma frequency. Consequently, for precise measurements of plasma density using the cutoff probe method, it is imperative to maintain a probe tip distance exceeding five times the sheath width and utilize a sufficiently long probe tip length. This finding is anticipated to provide essential guidelines for the design and fabrication of effective cutoff probes and enhance the accuracy of plasma-density measurements using a cutoff probe.
在这项研究中,我们研究了在不同的结构条件下(如针尖距离和长度)使用截止探针法测量等离子体密度的潜在误差。我们的研究表明,在鞘厚度较薄的条件下,截止探针上金属尖端的长度或距离对等离子体透射谱或截止频率的影响很小。然而,在鞘明显较厚的条件下,探头尖端的结构会导致测量的截止频率与实际等离子体频率之间出现高达 2% 的误差。因此,要使用截止探针法精确测量等离子体密度,必须保持探针尖端距离超过鞘宽的五倍,并使用足够长的探针尖端长度。预计这一发现将为设计和制造有效的截止探针提供重要指导,并提高使用截止探针测量等离子体密度的精度。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated magneto-photonic non-volatile multi-bit memory 集成式磁光子非易失性多位存储器
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1063/5.0221825
H. Pezeshki, P. Li, R. Lavrijsen, M. Heck, B. Koopmans
We present an integrated magneto-photonic device for all-optical switching of non-volatile multi-bit spintronic memory. The bits are based on stand-alone magneto-tunnel junctions, which are perpendicularly magnetized with all-optically switchable free layers, coupled onto photonic crystal nanobeam cavities on an indium phosphide based platform. This device enables switching of the magnetization state of the bits by locally increasing the power absorption of light at resonance with the cavity. We design an add/drop network of cavities to grant random access to multiple bits via a wavelength-division multiplexing scheme. Based on a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method, we numerically illustrate a compact device capable of switching and accessing at least eight bits in different cavities with a 5 nm wavelength spacing in the conventional (C) telecommunication band. Our multi-bit device holds promise as a new paradigm for developing an ultrafast photonically addressable spintronic memory and may also empower novel opportunities for photonically driven spintronic-based neuromorphic computing.
我们提出了一种用于全光切换非易失性多比特自旋电子存储器的集成磁光器件。这些比特基于独立的磁隧道结,与全光开关自由层垂直磁化,耦合到基于磷化铟平台的光子晶体纳米束腔上。这种装置通过局部增加与腔体共振时的光吸收功率,实现比特磁化状态的切换。我们设计了一个空腔加/减网络,通过波分复用方案对多个比特进行随机访问。基于三维有限差分时域法,我们用数值说明了一种紧凑型设备,它能够在传统(C)电信波段中以 5 nm 波长间隔在不同空腔中切换和访问至少 8 个比特。我们的多比特器件有望成为开发超快光子寻址自旋电子存储器的新范例,并为基于光子驱动的自旋电子神经形态计算带来新的机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement of memory storage capacity and prolongation of endurance/retention through H2 plasma treatment of IGZO/HZO structure 通过对 IGZO/HZO 结构进行 H2 等离子处理,提高内存存储容量并延长续航时间/保持时间
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/5.0214983
Cheng-Rui Liu, Yu-Tzu Tsai, Yu-Ting Chen, Zheng-Kai Chen, Zi-Rong Huang, Sheng-Min Wang, Chia-Shuo Pai, Ying-Tsan Tang
In this study, we integrated an Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (IGZO) channel with a superlattice of HfO2/ZrO2 (HZO) under low-thermal-budget microwave annealing to produce nearly wake-up-free ferroelectric capacitors. To eliminate the impact of trap-charges during the atomic layer deposition process, we conducted H2 plasma treatment to eliminate leak defects induced by carbon contamination and maintain neutrality to achieve high-quality IGZO/HZO interfaces, confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The H2 plasma treatment improved polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec), reaching 2Pr: 40 μC/cm2 and Ec: 2.33 MV/cm, enabling a low-power writing speed of 30 ns with eight states (three bits per cell). The defect engineering method ensures endurance of up to 108 cycles and retains ten-year data storage at 90 °C. This research provides a new avenue for improving emerging oxide interfaces controlled by ferroelectric polarization.
在这项研究中,我们在低热预算微波退火条件下将氧化铟镓锌 (IGZO) 沟道与 HfO2/ZrO2 (HZO) 超晶格集成在一起,生产出了几乎无唤醒的铁电电容器。为了消除原子层沉积过程中陷阱电荷的影响,我们进行了 H2 等离子体处理,以消除碳污染引起的泄漏缺陷并保持中性,从而获得高质量的 IGZO/HZO 界面,X 射线光电子能谱证实了这一点。H2 等离子体处理改善了极化(Pr)和矫顽力场(Ec),达到了 2Pr:40 μC/cm2,Ec:2.33 MV/cm,实现了 30 ns 的低功耗写入速度和八个状态(每个单元三个比特)。缺陷工程方法可确保高达 108 个循环的耐久性,并在 90 °C 下保持十年的数据存储。这项研究为改进由铁电极化控制的新兴氧化物界面提供了一条新途径。
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引用次数: 0
Recovering particle velocity and size distributions in ejecta with photon Doppler velocimetry 用光子多普勒速度测量法复原喷出岩中的粒子速度和大小分布
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/5.0220642
J. A. Don Jayamanne, R. Outerovitch, F. Ballanger, J. Bénier, E. Blanco, C. Chauvin, P. Hereil, J. Tailleur, O. Durand, R. Pierrat, R. Carminati, A. Hervouët, P. Gandeboeuf, J.-R. Burie
When a solid metal is struck, its free surface can eject fast and fine particles. Despite the many diagnostics that have been implemented to measure the mass, size, velocity, or temperature of ejecta, these efforts provide only a partial picture of this phenomenon. Ejecta characterization, especially in constrained geometries, is an inherently ill-posed problem. In this context, Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) has been a valuable diagnostic, measuring reliably particles and free surface velocities in the single scattering regime. Here, we present ejecta experiments in gas and how, in this context, PDV allows one to retrieve additional information on the ejecta, i.e., information on the particles’ size. We explain what governs ejecta transport in gas and how it can be simulated. To account for the multiple scattering of light in these ejecta, we use the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) that quantitatively describes PDV spectrograms, and their dependence not only on the velocity but also on the size distribution of the ejecta. We remind how spectrograms can be simulated by solving numerically this RTE and we show how to do so on hydrodynamic ejecta simulation results. Finally, we use this complex machinery in different ejecta transport scenarios to simulate the corresponding spectrograms. Comparing these to experimental results, we iteratively constrain the ejecta description at an unprecedented level. This work demonstrates our ability to recover particle size information from what is initially a velocity diagnostic, but more importantly it shows how, using existing simulation of ejecta, we capture through simulation the complexity of experimental spectrograms.
当固体金属受到冲击时,其自由表面会喷射出快速而细小的颗粒。尽管已经采用了许多诊断方法来测量喷出物的质量、尺寸、速度或温度,但这些工作只能提供这一现象的部分图像。喷出物的特征描述,尤其是在受限几何条件下的特征描述,本质上是一个难以解决的问题。在这种情况下,光子多普勒测速仪(PDV)一直是一种有价值的诊断方法,它可以在单散射机制下可靠地测量粒子和自由表面速度。在这里,我们将介绍气体中的喷出物实验,以及在这种情况下,多普勒测速仪如何能够获取喷出物的额外信息,即颗粒大小的信息。我们解释了气体中喷出物传输的原理,以及如何对其进行模拟。为了解释这些喷出物中光的多重散射,我们使用了辐射传输方程(RTE),该方程定量描述了 PDV 光谱图,以及它们不仅与速度而且与喷出物大小分布的关系。我们提醒了如何通过数值求解 RTE 来模拟光谱图,并展示了如何在流体力学喷出物模拟结果中这样做。最后,我们将这一复杂机制用于不同的喷出物传输场景,模拟出相应的谱图。将这些结果与实验结果相比较,我们在前所未有的水平上对喷出物的描述进行了迭代约束。这项工作展示了我们从最初的速度诊断中恢复粒度信息的能力,但更重要的是,它展示了我们如何利用现有的喷出物模拟,通过模拟来捕捉实验频谱图的复杂性。
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引用次数: 0
Tuning bandgap and controlling oxygen vacancy in BiFeO3 via Ba(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 substitution for enhanced bulk ferroelectric photovoltaic response in Al/BFO–BFN/Ag solar cell 通过 Ba(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 取代调谐带隙并控制 BiFeO3 中的氧空位,增强 Al/BFO-BFN/Ag 太阳能电池中的体铁电性光电响应
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/5.0219513
L. Venkidu, N. Raja, Vasundharadevi Venkidu, B. Sundarakannan
The generation of above-bandgap photovoltage, referred to as the anomalous photovoltaic effect (APV), is an extraordinary characteristic sought after property in bulk ferroelectric photovoltaic devices. Despite the fact that the relatively narrow bandgap of BiFeO3 (BFO) (2.7 eV) induces a comparatively larger generation of photocurrent than other ferroelectric photovoltaic, it falls short in producing an anomalous photovoltage (Eg ≪ Voc) and exhibits leaky ferroelectric hysteresis due to unavoidable oxygen vacancies. This work revealed a reduction in oxygen vacancies through the substitution of Ba(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 in BFO, leading to improved structural, morphological, synchrotron XPS, and electrical properties. This reduction in oxygen vacancies has resulted in an impressive above-bandgap photovoltage (APV) of 4.41 V for 80BFO–20BFN with greater ferroelectric polarization (Pr = 20.45 μC/cm2) observed at the co-existence of polar and non-polar phases. Moreover, both theoretical and experimental optical analyses have demonstrated a significant decrease in the bandgap to 1.92 eV, effectively extending the visible region close to 653 nm. As a result, a larger population of photoexcited charge carriers is generated, enabling the attainment of a high current density (Jsc) of 0.75 μA/cm2 under 100 mW/cm2 light irradiation.
产生高于带隙的光电压,即反常光伏效应(APV),是块状铁电光伏器件所追求的非凡特性。尽管 BiFeO3(BFO)的带隙相对较窄(2.7 eV),与其他铁电光伏器件相比能产生更大的光电流,但它在产生反常光电电压(Eg ≪ Voc)方面仍有不足,并且由于不可避免的氧空位而表现出漏铁电滞后。这项研究发现,通过在 BFO 中取代 Ba(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 可以减少氧空位,从而改善结构、形态、同步辐射 XPS 和电学特性。由于氧空位的减少,80BFO-20BFN 的带隙以上光电电压(APV)达到了惊人的 4.41 V,并且在极性相和非极性相共存时观察到了更大的铁电极化(Pr = 20.45 μC/cm2)。此外,理论和实验光学分析表明,带隙显著下降到 1.92 eV,有效地将可见光区域扩展到 653 nm 附近。因此,产生了更多的光激发电荷载流子,在 100 mW/cm2 的光照射下可达到 0.75 μA/cm2 的高电流密度(Jsc)。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of static disorder and dynamic disorder on the thermal conductivity of sodium superoxide (NaO2) 静态无序和动态无序对超氧化钠(NaO2)热导率的影响
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/5.0219222
Hariharan Ramasubramanian, Cheng Shao, Alan J. H. McGaughey
The pyrite phase of sodium superoxide, NaO2, is studied using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and lattice dynamics calculations to understand the impacts of static disorder and dynamic disorder on its thermal conductivity. Three structural regimes are observed based on the rotational dynamics and orientations of O2− ions. At low temperatures, where the O2− ions librate and the system is fully ordered, thermal conductivity exhibits a crystal-like temperature dependence, decreasing with increasing temperature. As temperature increases, the static disorder regime emerges, where the O2− ions transition between different orientations on a time scale larger than the librational period. In this regime, the thermal conductivity continues to decrease and then becomes temperature independent. At higher temperatures, where the O2− ions freely rotate, the system is dynamically disordered and the thermal conductivity is temperature independent, as in an amorphous solid. Using instantaneous normal mode analysis and Allen–Feldman theory, 80% of the thermal conductivity in the dynamic disorder regime is attributed to diffusons, vibrational modes that are non-propagating and non-localized. When increasing the lattice constant at a constant temperature, transitions from librations to static disorder to dynamic disorder are also observed, with the thermal conductivity decreasing monotonically. The presented methodology can be applied to other crystals with rotational degrees of freedom, offering strategies for the design of thermal conductivity switches that are responsive to external stimuli.
利用平衡分子动力学模拟和晶格动力学计算研究了超氧化钠(NaO2)的黄铁矿相,以了解静态无序和动态无序对其热导率的影响。根据 O2- 离子的旋转动力学和取向,观察到三种结构状态。在低温条件下,O2- 离子发生排列,系统完全有序,热导率表现出类似晶体的温度依赖性,随温度升高而降低。随着温度的升高,出现了静态无序状态,在这种状态下,O2- 离子在不同取向之间转换的时间尺度大于自由度周期。在这种情况下,热导率继续下降,然后变得与温度无关。在更高温度下,O2- 离子自由旋转,系统动态无序,热导率与温度无关,就像在无定形固体中一样。利用瞬时法向模式分析和艾伦-费尔德曼理论,动态无序体系中 80% 的热导率归因于扩散子,即非传播和非定位的振动模式。当在恒定温度下增大晶格常数时,也能观察到从自由度到静态无序再到动态无序的转变,导热率单调地下降。所提出的方法可应用于其他具有旋转自由度的晶体,为设计对外部刺激做出反应的导热开关提供策略。
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引用次数: 0
Multipacting mitigation by atomic layer deposition: The case study of titanium nitride 通过原子层沉积缓解多重压实:氮化钛案例研究
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/5.0221943
Y. Kalboussi, S. Dadouch, B. Delatte, F. Miserque, D. Dragoe, F. Eozenou, M. Baudrier, S. Tusseau-Nenez, Y. Zheng, L. Maurice, E. Cenni, Q. Bertrand, P. Sahuquet, E. Fayette, G. Jullien, C. Inguimbert, M. Belhaj, T. Proslier
This study investigates the use of atomic layer deposition (ALD) to mitigate multipacting phenomena inside superconducting radio frequency cavities used in particle accelerators while preserving high quality factors in the 1010 range. The unique ALD capability to control the film thickness down to the atomic level on arbitrary complex shape objects enables the fine-tuning of TiN film resistivity and total electron emission yield (TEEY) from coupons to devices. This level of control allows us to adequately choose a TiN film thickness that provides both high resistivity to prevent Ohmic losses and a low TEEY to mitigate multipacting for the application of interest. The methodology presented in this work can be scaled to other domains and devices subject to RF fields in vacuum and sensitive to multipacting or electron discharge processes with their own requirements in resistivities and TEEY values.
这项研究探讨了如何利用原子层沉积 (ALD) 技术来减轻粒子加速器中使用的超导射频腔内的多压强现象,同时保持 1010 范围内的高质量系数。独特的 ALD 功能可将任意复杂形状物体上的薄膜厚度控制到原子级别,从而实现从试样到设备的 TiN 薄膜电阻率和总电子发射率 (TEEY) 的微调。这种控制水平使我们能够充分选择 TiN 薄膜厚度,既能提供高电阻率以防止欧姆损耗,又能提供低 TEEY 以减轻相关应用中的多孔性。这项工作中介绍的方法可扩展到其他领域和器件,这些领域和器件在真空中会受到射频场的影响,并对电阻率和 TEEY 值有自己的要求,对多压制或电子放电过程敏感。
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引用次数: 0
Shock compression of single-crystal austenitic FeCr18Ni12.5 stainless steel to 60 GPa 将单晶奥氏体 FeCr18Ni12.5 不锈钢冲击压缩至 60 GPa
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1063/5.0226622
Nathan P. Brown, Christopher R. Johnson, Paul E. Specht
We measured the austenitic FeCr18Ni12.5 stainless steel Hugoniot as a function of crystallographic direction to approximately 60 GPa. We shock-compressed FeCr18Ni12.5 samples oriented along ⟨100⟩, ⟨110⟩, and ⟨111⟩ to mean stresses ranging 30.5–58.1 GPa via Ta plate impact in a large-bore powder gun and measured the free-surface velocities with laser interferometry. We unambiguously observed the largest post-shock free-surface velocity along ⟨100⟩ in each experiment, which consequently produced the lowest shock velocity along that orientation. However, the propagation of experimental uncertainties through the impedance matching scheme used to compute the shock velocity produced sufficient uncertainty overlap to preclude definitive conclusion of Hugoniot anisotropy.
我们测量了奥氏体 FeCr18Ni12.5 不锈钢在约 60 GPa 下的休格尼奥特随晶体学方向的变化。我们通过大口径粉末喷枪中的 Ta 板冲击,将沿 ⟨100⟩、⟨110⟩ 和 ⟨111⟩取向的 FeCr18Ni12.5 样品冲击压缩至 30.5-58.1 GPa 的平均应力,并用激光干涉仪测量了自由表面速度。在每次实验中,我们都明确地观测到了⟨100⟩方向最大的冲击后自由表面速度,因此该方向的冲击速度最低。然而,通过用于计算冲击速度的阻抗匹配方案传播的实验不确定性产生了足够的不确定性重叠,从而排除了休格诺各向异性的明确结论。
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引用次数: 0
Anomalous photo-thermoelectric effects of platinum and tungsten trioxide bilayers 铂和三氧化钨双层膜的反常光热电效应
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1063/5.0220952
Takeru Ito, Chihiro Hanioka, Hiroshi Irie
We attempted to deposit a platinum (Pt) layer onto a tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin film (Pt/WO3). The Pt layer deposited on WO3 was oxidized by calcining Pt/WO3 in air to form PtOx/WO3. An n-type anomalous photo-thermoelectric (photo-TE) effect was confirmed for Pt/WO3 and Pt/HyWO3−x. HyWO3−x is a protonated WO3 after the gaschromic (GC) reaction of WO3 in Pt/WO3. The anomalous photo-TE effect was that both the electrical conductivity (σphoto) and the absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient (Sphoto) increased under UV light or visible light irradiation. After stopping the irradiation, σphoto and Sphoto decreased. In contrast, an n-type normal photo-TE effect was observed for PtOx/HyWO3−x after the GC reaction of PtOx/WO3, in which σphoto increased and the absolute value of Sphoto decreased under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, and vice versa after stopping the irradiation. These findings indicate that Pt was responsible for the anomalous photo-TE effect due to the electron accumulation capability of Pt, to which electrons were transferred from the conduction band of HyWO3−x. In contrast, electrons could not energetically transfer from HyWO3−x to PtO2, which existed in PtOx particles at the surface. Therefore, PtOx/HyWO3−x behaved similar to sole HyWO3−x, indicating the normal photo-TE effect.
我们尝试在三氧化钨(WO3)薄膜(Pt/WO3)上沉积铂(Pt)层。通过在空气中煅烧 Pt/WO3,在 WO3 上沉积的铂层被氧化,形成 PtOx/WO3。Pt/WO3 和 Pt/HyWO3-x 的 n 型反常光热电(photo-TE)效应得到了证实。HyWO3-x 是 WO3 在 Pt/WO3 中发生气致变色(GC)反应后的质子化 WO3。在紫外光或可见光照射下,电导率(σphoto)和塞贝克系数(Sphoto)的绝对值都会增加,这就是反常的光电效应。停止照射后,σphoto 和 Sphoto 会下降。相比之下,PtOx/WO3 的 GC 反应后,PtOx/HyWO3-x 出现了 n 型正常光-TE 效应,在紫外线(UV)照射下,σphoto 增加,Sphoto 的绝对值降低,停止照射后则相反。这些发现表明,由于铂的电子积累能力,电子从 HyWO3-x 的导带转移到铂上,从而产生了反常的光-TE 效应。相反,电子不能从 HyWO3-x 向 PtO2 发生能量转移,而 PtO2 存在于表面的 PtOx 粒子中。因此,PtOx/HyWO3-x 的表现与单独的 HyWO3-x 相似,表明存在正常的光-TE 效应。
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引用次数: 0
Adjustable stereo path design method based on pin-sculpture acoustic topological insulator with Z-dislocation defect immunity 基于针状雕刻声学拓扑绝缘体的可调立体路径设计方法与 Z 位错缺陷抗扰性
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1063/5.0213045
Peng Liu, Hangyu Li, Zengyao Lv, Yongmao Pei
The field of topological protected wave engineering, inspired by quantum mechanics, has generated significant interest. Acoustic analogs of electronic topological insulators provide new opportunities for manipulating sound propagation with unconventional acoustic edge modes that are immune to backscattering. Numerous reports have been published on the design of two-dimensional acoustic topological insulators (ATIs). However, the sound path of a two-dimensional design is simple, and its ability to control sound waves is limited. On the other hand, the design of 3D ATIs is relatively complex, making it difficult to manufacture and limiting its versatility. Based on the design idea of the 2D ATIs, inspired by the art named 3D pin-sculpture, an adjustable structure of a finite size consisting of spindle-shaped units with a variable cross section is designed to realize flexible path transformation. Furthermore, unlike two-dimensional structural defects, such as cavities and disorder, the analysis of vertical dislocation defects in finite-sized structures allows for the design of local sound propagation along the z-direction, providing a concept for constructing a stereo path. The designed structure also serves two functions: acoustic switch and delay. This idea offers an alternative approach to designing complex sound transmission paths.
受量子力学的启发,拓扑保护波工程领域引起了人们的极大兴趣。电子拓扑绝缘体的声学类似物为利用不受反向散射影响的非传统声学边缘模式操纵声音传播提供了新的机遇。关于二维声学拓扑绝缘体(ATIs)的设计已经发表了大量报告。然而,二维设计的声道比较简单,控制声波的能力有限。另一方面,三维声学拓扑绝缘体的设计相对复杂,难以制造,限制了其多功能性。基于二维 ATI 的设计理念,受三维针雕艺术的启发,我们设计了一种由横截面可变的纺锤形单元组成的有限尺寸可调结构,以实现灵活的路径转换。此外,与空洞和无序等二维结构缺陷不同,通过分析有限尺寸结构中的垂直位错缺陷,可以设计沿 Z 方向的局部声音传播,从而提供构建立体路径的概念。所设计的结构还具有两种功能:声学开关和延迟。这一想法为设计复杂的声音传播路径提供了另一种方法。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Applied Physics
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