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Asymmetric fracture behavior in ferroelectric materials induced by flexoelectric effect 铁电材料在挠电效应诱导下的非对称断裂行为
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1063/5.0178866
Yangqin Guo, Chang Liu, Xiangyu Li
Ferroelectric materials are widely used in actuators, exciters, and memory devices due to their excellent electromechanical properties. However, the instinctive brittleness of ferroelectric materials makes them easy to fracture under external load. Since giant strain gradient can be easily generated near the crack tip, the flexoelectric effect is indispensable in the research of fracture properties of ferroelectric materials. With the combination of time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory and phase-field model, the electromechanical behavior of PbTiO3 in the vicinity of the crack tip is determined in this work. The simulation results demonstrate that the domain structure near the crack tip becomes asymmetric with the flexoelectric effect. The polarization switching-induced toughening, which is characterized by the J-integral, depends on the direction of the crack relative to the original polarization orientation. Furthermore, the longitude flexoelectric coefficient f11 has more significant impact on the fracture toughness than that of the transverse flexoelectric coefficient f12 and the shear flexoelectric coefficient f44. The results of the present work suggest that the flexoelectric effect must be considered in the reliable design of ferroelectric devices.
铁电材料因其出色的机电特性而被广泛应用于致动器、激励器和存储设备中。然而,铁电材料本能的脆性使其在外力作用下容易断裂。由于在裂纹尖端附近很容易产生巨大的应变梯度,因此在研究铁电材料的断裂特性时,挠电效应是不可或缺的。本文结合随时间变化的金兹堡-朗道理论和相场模型,确定了 PbTiO3 在裂纹尖端附近的机电行为。模拟结果表明,在挠电效应的作用下,裂纹尖端附近的畴结构变得不对称。极化切换引起的增韧以 J 积分为特征,取决于裂纹相对于原始极化方向的方向。此外,与横向挠电系数 f12 和剪切挠电系数 f44 相比,经向挠电系数 f11 对断裂韧性的影响更为显著。本研究结果表明,在铁电器件的可靠设计中必须考虑挠电效应。
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引用次数: 0
Boosting infrared absorption through surface plasmon resonance enhanced HgCdTe microcavity 通过表面等离子体共振增强碲化镉汞微腔促进红外线吸收
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1063/5.0175713
Jingting Su, Chenyu Li, Jiahui Xiao, Jincheng Kong, Pengyu Hu, Changgui Lu, Li Zhu
As one of the most widely used infrared (IR) detectors, a mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector usually requires liquid nitrogen refrigeration to suppress thermally activated noise mechanisms that are inherent to its narrow bandgap, which limits its practical applications. Therefore, it is essential to develop strategies to suppress dark current with reduced cooling demand. In this work, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) enhanced MCT microcavity was proposed to intensify optical absorption across a broadband while diminishing the thickness of the MCT layer to reduce intrinsic dark current proportional to the volume of the absorber. The microcavity is formed by sandwiching the MCT layer between a top well-designed hybrid golden-cross antenna array and a bottom golden reflector. The microcavity is employed to trap the incident light to amplify the absorption, and the golden-cross antenna array is introduced to not only significantly enhance the incident light field through the SPR effect but also to broaden the microcavity resonant mode. Numerical calculation indicated that an absorptance exceeding 95.3% can be attained at 3.4 μm with the full width at half maxima (FWHM) extending beyond 1.38 μm, which almost covers the absorption band of MCT in mid-wavelength IR (MWIR), all while the MCT layer is only 530 nm. Moreover, the prototype device unit was fabricated and tested. Measured peak absorption reached 98.7% @ 3.6 μm and FWHM was as broad as 1.12 μm. These results demonstrate that the high and wideband absorption in an ultrathin MCT layer is achieved based on the synergistic effects of SPR and microcavity resonance.
作为应用最广泛的红外(IR)探测器之一,碲化镉汞(MCT)探测器通常需要液氮制冷来抑制其窄带隙固有的热激活噪声机制,这限制了其实际应用。因此,有必要开发抑制暗电流的策略,以减少制冷需求。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种表面等离子体共振(SPR)增强型 MCT 微腔,以增强宽带光吸收,同时减小 MCT 层的厚度,从而降低与吸收体体积成正比的固有暗电流。微腔是将 MCT 层夹在顶部精心设计的混合黄金十字天线阵列和底部黄金反射器之间形成的。微腔用于捕获入射光以放大吸收,而金十字天线阵列的引入不仅能通过 SPR 效应显著增强入射光场,还能拓宽微腔谐振模式。数值计算表明,在 3.4 μm 处的吸收率超过 95.3%,半最大值全宽(FWHM)超过 1.38 μm,几乎覆盖了 MCT 在中波红外(MWIR)的吸收带,而 MCT 层仅为 530 nm。此外,还制作并测试了原型装置单元。在 3.6 μm 处测得的峰值吸收率达到 98.7%,FWHM 宽达 1.12 μm。这些结果表明,基于 SPR 和微腔共振的协同效应,超薄 MCT 层实现了高宽带吸收。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Monte Carlo simulations of aerosol scattering using photon matrices 利用光子矩阵增强气溶胶散射的蒙特卡罗模拟
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176129
Zhihua Pang, Chengtian Song, Bohu Liu
Within aerosol-rich environments, efficient simulation of frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) laser detector echo characteristics is crucial. Conventional methods often need more efficiency. To address this, we propose a photon matrix-based approach for simulating intricate photon scattering processes, enhancing simulation accuracy. This study focuses on short-range FMCW laser detection under aerosol interference, assessing performance via signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We analyze the impact of amplitude modulation coefficient and photon count on SNR. Surprisingly, the photon count minimally affects SNR, while the amplitude modulation coefficient significantly influences it. These findings shed light on optimizing FMCW laser detection in aerosol-laden environments. Attention to the amplitude modulation coefficient can notably enhance SNR and overall detection efficiency.
在富含气溶胶的环境中,高效模拟频率调制连续波(FMCW)激光探测器的回波特性至关重要。传统方法往往需要更高的效率。为此,我们提出了一种基于光子矩阵的方法来模拟复杂的光子散射过程,从而提高模拟精度。本研究侧重于气溶胶干扰下的短程 FMCW 激光探测,通过信噪比 (SNR) 评估性能。我们分析了振幅调制系数和光子数对信噪比的影响。令人惊讶的是,光子数对信噪比的影响很小,而振幅调制系数对信噪比的影响却很大。这些发现为优化气溶胶环境中的 FMCW 激光探测提供了启示。关注振幅调制系数可以显著提高信噪比和整体探测效率。
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引用次数: 0
Terahertz molecular water laser using quantum cascade laser pumping 使用量子级联激光泵浦的太赫兹分子水激光器
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1063/5.0177191
L. Juppet, A. Khabbaz, J. Lampin, O. Pirali
Molecular lasers pumped by quantum cascade laser (QCL) open new possibilities for THz generation and its numerous applications, in particular, for high resolution molecular spectroscopy. In this article, a THz water laser pumped by a mid-infrared QCL was demonstrated using the broad tunability of the pump laser. Twenty D2O laser lines were measured under a continuous wave pumping regime, in a spectral range expending from 63 to 177 cm−1 (1.9–5.3 THz), and with an output power ranging from tens to hundreds of μW. This letter contains a description of the experimental setup used to produce the THz laser radiation and a comparison of the measured output power with a molecular gain factor used to sort out the most favorable laser lines. In addition to the measured laser transitions, a complete list of laser frequencies together with their corresponding molecular gain is given in the supplementary material, for both H2O and D2O isotopologues excited in their bending and stretching vibrational states.
由量子级联激光器(QCL)泵浦的分子激光器为太赫兹产生及其众多应用,特别是高分辨率分子光谱开辟了新的可能性。本文利用泵浦激光器的宽调谐性,演示了由中红外量子级联激光器泵浦的太赫兹水激光器。在连续波泵浦机制下测量了 20 条 D2O 激光线,光谱范围从 63 厘米到 177 厘米-1(1.9-5.3 太赫兹),输出功率从几十微瓦到几百微瓦不等。这封信描述了用于产生太赫兹激光辐射的实验装置,并比较了测得的输出功率和用于筛选出最有利激光线的分子增益因子。除了测量到的激光跃迁外,补充材料中还列出了在弯曲和伸展振动状态下激发的 H2O 和 D2O 同素异形体的激光频率及其相应的分子增益的完整列表。
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引用次数: 0
Modulation of insulator metal transition of VO₂ films grown on Al2O3 (001) and TiO2 (001) substrates by the crystallization of capping Ge2Sb2Te5 layer 封盖 Ge2Sb2Te5 层的结晶对生长在 Al2O3 (001) 和 TiO2 (001) 基质上的 VO₂ 薄膜绝缘体金属转变的调制
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176810
Takuto Ohnuki, K. Okimura, Reki Nakamoto, Yuji Muraoka, Joe Sakai, Masashi Kuwahara
We demonstrate modulation of insulator metal transition (IMT) of VO2 films grown on single crystalline substrates through the effect of in-plane compression with crystallization of capping chalcogenide layer on the targeted VO2 films. Chalcogenide germanium–antimony–telluride (Ge2Sb2Te5: GST), which shows large volume reduction of 6.8% with its phase change from amorphous to crystal, was deposited on VO2 films grown on Al2O3 (001) and TiO2 (001) substrates, where V–V atoms along the cR-axis in the tetragonal VO2 phase align parallel and perpendicular to the substrate surfaces, respectively. As a result, counter shifts in temperature-dependence of resistance characteristics, to lower and higher directions, were observed for VO2 films on Al2O3 (001) and TiO2 (001), consistent with the lattice modulation of VO2 films by the in-plane compression introduced by GST crystallization. The obtained results open a way to realize large resistance change of IMT under constant temperature by controlling GST phases.
我们展示了在单晶基底上生长的 VO2 薄膜的绝缘体金属转变(IMT)的调制过程,其方法是在目标 VO2 薄膜上进行面内压缩并使覆盖的锗锑碲化物层结晶。在 Al2O3 (001) 和 TiO2 (001) 基底上生长的 VO2 薄膜上沉积了卤化锗-锑-碲化物(Ge2Sb2Te5:GST),该化合物在从非晶到晶体的相变过程中体积缩小了 6.8%,其中四方 VO2 相中沿 cR 轴的 V-V 原子分别平行和垂直于基底表面排列。因此,在 Al2O3 (001) 和 TiO2 (001) 上的 VO2 薄膜上观察到电阻特性的温度依赖性向低方向和高方向反向移动,这与 GST 结晶带来的面内压缩对 VO2 薄膜的晶格调节是一致的。这些结果为通过控制 GST 相来实现恒温条件下 IMT 的大电阻变化开辟了一条途径。
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引用次数: 0
Improved measurement of the light attenuation length of a high-quality linear alkylbenzene for the JUNO experiment 为 JUNO 实验改进高质量线性烷基苯光衰减长度的测量方法
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169963
Guojun Yu, Jialiang Zhang, Shuo Li, Zifeng Xu, Lei Zhang, Aizhong Huang, Ming Qi
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment is the next-generation neutrino experiment that aims at exploring the neutrino mass hierarchy problem. Located 700m underground in Jiangmen, China, JUNO’s central detector is an acrylic sphere filled with 20kt of liquid scintillator with linear alkylbenzene (LAB) as solvent. To achieve the unprecedented energy resolution of σE/E⩽3%, the LAB used in JUNO is required for excellent transparency at the wavelength around 430nm. In cooperation with Jinling Petrochemical (Nanjing), the newly developed LAB shows an improved attenuation length. The resulting transparency of the LAB requires higher sensitivity in measurement. We have, therefore, upgraded the apparatus and the analysis method for higher precision. In this article, we present the upgraded apparatus and the analysis on improving the measurement error. Among the many new samples, the type NJ66 yields an attenuation length of approximately 30m. The analysis has applied statistical methods with Monte Carlo simulations. A new model is proposed to account for the deviations between data and the Beer–Lambert model. The long attenuation length of LAB observed in this study suggests feasibility to reach the goal on energy resolution required by JUNO.
江门地下中微子观测站(JUNO)实验是旨在探索中微子质量层次问题的新一代中微子实验。JUNO 的中心探测器位于中国江门地下 700 米处,是一个以线性烷基苯(LAB)为溶剂、装有 20kt 液体闪烁体的丙烯酸球体。为了达到前所未有的 σE/E⩽3% 能量分辨率,JUNO 使用的 LAB 需要在波长 430nm 左右具有极佳的透明度。通过与金陵石化(南京)公司合作,新开发的 LAB 显示出更长的衰减长度。LAB 的透明度要求更高的测量灵敏度。因此,我们对仪器和分析方法进行了升级,以获得更高的精度。在本文中,我们将介绍升级后的仪器以及对改善测量误差的分析。在众多新样品中,NJ66 型样品的衰减长度约为 30 米。分析采用了蒙特卡罗模拟统计方法。提出了一个新模型来解释数据与 Beer-Lambert 模型之间的偏差。本研究中观测到的 LAB 的长衰减长度表明,达到 JUNO 所要求的能量分辨率目标是可行的。
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引用次数: 0
Reduction of thermal conductivity in carbon nanotubes by fullerene encapsulation from machine-learning molecular dynamics simulations 从机器学习分子动力学模拟看富勒烯封装对碳纳米管热导率的影响
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176338
Yimu Lu, Yongbo Shi, Junyuan Wang, Haikuan Dong, Jie Yu
The carbon nano-peapod is a representative structure with interlayer van der Waals (vdW) interactions, in which encapsulated fullerene molecules play a critical role in modulating the transport properties of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In particular, their influence on the thermal transport characteristics has been the focal point of considerable attention. In this study, we trained an accurate machine learning potential for fullerene-encapsulated CNTs based on the efficient NEP model to investigate their thermal properties. Using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation along with the spectral decomposition method for thermal conductivity, we find that the thermal conductivity of fullerene-encapsulated CNTs is roughly 55% lower than that of empty CNTs, aligning with experimental observations for CNT bundles with fullerene encapsulation [Kodama et al., Nat. Mater. 16, 892 (2017)]. The research suggests that weak vdW interactions between both the fullerene and CNTs, as well as between fullerene molecules themselves, hinder phonon propagation. The encapsulated fullerene contributes to an increase in phonon scattering within the CNTs, ultimately leading to a reduction in thermal conductivity. We utilized machine learning potential to investigate the structure of fullerene-encapsulated CNTs and their heat transport property. This approach provides valuable insights for performance research of complex systems featuring interlayer vdW interactions.
碳纳米管是一种具有层间范德华(vdW)相互作用的代表性结构,其中封装的富勒烯分子在调节碳纳米管(CNT)的传输特性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。其中,富勒烯分子对热传输特性的影响一直是备受关注的焦点。在本研究中,我们基于高效的 NEP 模型,为富勒烯封装的 CNT 训练了精确的机器学习势能,以研究它们的热特性。利用平衡分子动力学模拟以及热导率的光谱分解法,我们发现富勒烯包封的 CNTs 的热导率比空 CNTs 低约 55%,这与富勒烯包封 CNT 束的实验观察结果一致[Kodama 等人,Nat. Mater. 16, 892 (2017)]。研究表明,富勒烯和 CNT 之间以及富勒烯分子本身之间微弱的 vdW 相互作用阻碍了声子的传播。被包裹的富勒烯会增加 CNT 内的声子散射,最终导致热导率降低。我们利用机器学习潜能研究了富勒烯封装 CNT 的结构及其热传输特性。这种方法为具有层间 vdW 相互作用的复杂系统的性能研究提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Ferroelectric/antiferroelectric phase coexistence or domain structure? Transmission electron microscopy study of PbZrO3-based perovskite oxides 铁电/铁电相共存还是畴结构?基于 PbZrO3 的包晶氧化物的透射电子显微镜研究
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176914
Bing Han, Zhengqian Fu, Tengfei Hu, Xuefeng Chen, Genshui Wang, Fangfang Xu
Antiferroelectric and ferroelectric materials are prominent non-linear dielectric materials with significant applications across various fields. To fully understand their electrical properties, it is crucial to accurately discriminate the two phases, especially in compositions with the coexistence of antiferroelectric and ferroelectric phases. In this study, we propose an easy method for differentiating domain structures from phase coexistence based on split outskirt reflections. The proposed method addresses existing limitations in the spatial phase distribution and lays the groundwork for understanding their structure–property relationships.
反铁电材料和铁电材料是突出的非线性介电材料,在各个领域都有重要应用。要全面了解它们的电学特性,准确区分这两种相至关重要,尤其是在反铁电和铁电相共存的组合物中。在本研究中,我们提出了一种基于分裂外侧反射的简便方法,用于从相共存中区分畴结构。所提出的方法解决了空间相分布方面的现有限制,为理解它们的结构-性质关系奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Coherent and incoherent phonon transport in periodic nitrogen-doped graphene 周期性掺氮石墨烯中的相干和非相干声子输运
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174005
Xin Li, Yingguang Liu, Hengxuan Li
Nitrogen-doped graphene materials hold significant promise for diverse applications owing to their exceptional electrical properties and the tunability of thermal conductivity. Therefore, the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the phonon transport properties of nitrogen-doped graphene nanoribbons. The findings indicate that periodic doping with a small quantity of nitrogen atoms can induce coherent phonon transport, thereby resulting in a substantial reduction in thermal conductivity. Our analysis delves into various phonon and energy transport parameters, including the phonon dispersion relation, group velocity, state density, participation rate, and spectral heat flow. Through this examination, we have elucidated the coexistence and transformation mechanisms of both coherent and incoherent phonon transport under different conditions. Furthermore, our findings revealed a notable trend: once the concentration of nitrogen atoms in the doped atomic layer reaches 37.5%, the reduction in thermal conductivity attains its maximum effectiveness. Beyond this concentration, further increases in the nitrogen atom concentration result in diminishing returns, rendering the reduction in thermal conductivity ineffective.
掺氮石墨烯材料具有优异的电学特性和可调的热导率,因此在各种应用领域大有可为。因此,我们利用非平衡分子动力学模拟来探索掺氮石墨烯纳米带的声子传输特性。研究结果表明,周期性掺入少量氮原子可诱导相干声子输运,从而导致热导率大幅降低。我们的分析深入研究了各种声子和能量传输参数,包括声子色散关系、群速度、态密度、参与率和光谱热流。通过这些研究,我们阐明了相干和非相干声子传输在不同条件下的共存和转换机制。此外,我们的研究结果还揭示了一个显著的趋势:一旦掺杂原子层中的氮原子浓度达到 37.5%,热导率的降低就会达到最大效果。超过这一浓度后,氮原子浓度的进一步增加会导致收益递减,使热导率的降低失效。
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引用次数: 0
Surface acoustic wave confinement inside uncorrelated distributions of subwavelength scatterers 亚波长散射体不相关分布内部的表面声波约束
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1063/5.0173970
Thibault Deletang, Adnane Noual, B. Bonello, Roman Buisine, Y. Pennec, Bahram Djafari-Rouhani
We report an experimental study of surface acoustic wave (SAW) localization and propagation in random metasurfaces composed of Al scatters using pump–probe spectroscopy. Thanks to this technique, wideband high frequency acoustic modes are generated, and their dynamical propagation directly from inside of the media with a high (micrometric) spatial resolution is enabled. During SAW propagation, part of the acoustic wavefront energy is trapped within free areas between the scatterers, acting as cavities. The spectral content of the localized modes of a few GHz is found to depend on the shape and size of the cavities but also on the landscape seen by the wave during its propagation before arriving inside them. The experimental results are supported by numerical simulations using the finite element method. This study is the phononic part of a more global research on the co-localization of elastic and optical waves on random metasurfaces, with the main objective of enhancing the photon–phonon interaction. Applications could range from the design of acousto-optic modulators to ultrasensitive sensors.
我们报告了利用泵探光谱学对由铝散射组成的随机元表面中的表面声波(SAW)定位和传播进行的实验研究。由于采用了这种技术,宽带高频声学模式得以产生,并能直接从介质内部以高(微米)空间分辨率进行动态传播。在声表面波传播过程中,部分声波波前能量被截留在散射体之间的自由区域内,起到空腔的作用。研究发现,几千兆赫局部模式的频谱内容不仅取决于空腔的形状和大小,还取决于声波在传播过程中到达空腔之前所看到的地貌。实验结果得到了使用有限元法进行的数值模拟的支持。这项研究是关于随机元表面上弹性波和光波共定位的更全面研究的声波部分,主要目的是增强光子-声子相互作用。其应用范围包括设计声光调制器和超灵敏传感器。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Applied Physics
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