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Orthonormal and periodic levels for quantum cascade laser simulation 用于量子级联激光模拟的正交和周期电平
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1063/5.0228751
Zakaria Mohamed, D. Ekin Önder, Andreas Wacker
A Python package to evaluate Wannier, Wannier–Stark, and EZ (both energy and location Z resolved) levels for quantum cascade lasers is presented. We provide the underlying theory in detail with a focus on the orthonormality and periodicity of the generated states.
本文介绍了一个 Python 软件包,用于评估量子级联激光器的 Wannier、Wannier-Stark 和 EZ(能量和位置 Z 解析)电平。我们详细介绍了基础理论,重点是生成状态的正交性和周期性。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic and quasi-static strength of additively repaired aluminum 加成修复铝的动态和准静态强度
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1063/5.0222267
Jesse G. Callanan, Daniel T. Martinez, Sara Ricci, Nicholas K. Brewer, Benjamin K. Derby, Brandon J. Lovato, Kendall J. Hollis, Saryu J. Fensin, David R. Jones
Additive manufacturing has the potential to repair high value components, saving significant time and resources; however, the level of reliability and performance of additive repairs is still relatively unknown. In this work, the structure–property and performance of laser wire additive manufacturing repairs in 1100 aluminum are investigated. Two types of intentional damage are inflicted on the samples and subsequently repaired with pulsed laser deposition additive manufacturing. Quasi-static (10−3s−1) and high strain-rate (10−3s−1) mechanical testing is carried out with in situ diagnostics and post-mortem imaging. The results show that while the quasi-static strength and ductility of samples with a repaired region are lower than a pristine sample, the dynamic strength under shock loading is comparable. This work highlights both the potential utility of additive manufacturing for repair purposes, the significant risk of compromised performance of additive parts under specific conditions, and the need to test at varying strain rates to fully characterize material performance.
增材制造具有修复高价值部件的潜力,可节省大量时间和资源;然而,增材制造修复的可靠性和性能水平仍相对未知。在这项工作中,研究了 1100 铝的激光线材增材制造修复的结构-属性和性能。样品受到两种类型的故意损伤,随后使用脉冲激光沉积快速成型技术进行修复。通过现场诊断和死后成像进行了准静态(10-3s-1)和高应变率(10-3s-1)机械测试。结果表明,虽然带有修复区域的样品的准静态强度和延展性低于原始样品,但冲击加载下的动态强度却不相上下。这项工作突出了增材制造在修复方面的潜在用途、增材制造部件在特定条件下性能受损的重大风险,以及在不同应变速率下进行测试以全面鉴定材料性能的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Flexible memristors with low-operation voltage and high bending stability based on Cu2AgBiI6 perovskite 基于 Cu2AgBiI6 包晶的具有低操作电压和高弯曲稳定性的柔性忆阻器
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1063/5.0231148
Xinci Chen, Xiang Yin, Zicong Li, Lingyu Meng, Xiaoli Han, Zhijun Zhang, Xianmin Zhang
Cu2AgBiI6 films were prepared by a one-step spin coating method, and flexible memristors with an Ag/PMMA/Cu2AgBiI6/ITO structure were constructed. The devices showed a bipolar resistive switching behavior with low switching voltage, which is beneficial for reducing energy consumption. Furthermore, this study found that the device exhibits an endurance of about 900 cycles, a higher ON/OFF ratio of over 103, a long retention time (∼104 s), and high stabilities against mechanical stress. Remarkably, the present flexible memristor displayed extraordinary flexibility and stability, with no significant change for the resistive switching behavior even at various bending angles or after undergoing 900 bending cycles. This study establishes that the lead-free halide perovskite Cu2AgBiI6 can be used for the resistive random-access memory of flexible electronics.
通过一步旋涂法制备了 Cu2AgBiI6 薄膜,并构建了 Ag/PMMA/Cu2AgBiI6/ITO 结构的柔性忆阻器。该器件表现出低开关电压的双极电阻开关行为,有利于降低能耗。此外,该研究还发现,该器件具有约 900 次循环的耐久性、超过 103 的较高导通/关断比、较长的保持时间(∼104 秒)以及较高的抗机械应力稳定性。值得注意的是,这种柔性忆阻器显示出了非凡的柔韧性和稳定性,即使在不同的弯曲角度或经历 900 次弯曲循环后,其电阻开关行为也没有发生显著变化。这项研究证明,无铅卤化物包晶 Cu2AgBiI6 可用于柔性电子器件的电阻随机存取存储器。
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引用次数: 0
Nickel stanogermanides thin films: Phases formation, kinetics, and Sn segregation 锡锗化镍薄膜:成相、动力学和锡偏析
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1063/5.0220979
H. Khelidj, A. Portavoce, K. Hoummada, M. Bertoglio, M. C. Benoudia, M. Descoins, D. Mangelinck
Ge1−xSnx thin films with a Sn content of x ≥ 0.1 present a direct bandgap, which is very interesting for the fabrication of efficient photonic devices. The monostanogermanide phase, Ni(GeSn), is promising to form ohmic contact in GeSn-based Si photonic devices. However, the formation kinetics of Ni stanogermanides and the incorporation of Sn in Ni–GeSn phases are not fully understood. In this work, Ni thin films were deposited on Ge and Ge0.9Sn0.1 layers grown in epitaxy on an Si(100) substrate using magnetron sputtering technique. In situ x-ray diffraction measurements were performed during the solid-state reaction of Ni/Ge and Ni/Ge0.9Sn0.1. 1D finite difference simulations based on the linear parabolic model were performed to determine the kinetics parameters for phase growth. The nucleation and growth kinetics of Ni germanides are modified by the addition of Sn. A delay in the formation of Ni(GeSn) was observed and is probably due to the stress relaxation in the Ni-rich phase. In addition, the thermal stability of the Ni(GeSn) phase is highly affected by Sn segregation. A model was developed to determine the kinetic parameters of Sn segregation in Ni(GeSn).
Sn 含量 x ≥ 0.1 的 Ge1-xSnx 薄膜具有直接带隙,这对于制造高效光子器件非常有意义。单锗化物相 Ni(GeSn)有望在基于 GeSn 的硅光子器件中形成欧姆接触。然而,人们对镍晶锗化物的形成动力学以及镍-锗-锡相中锡的掺入还不完全了解。在这项研究中,使用磁控溅射技术在硅 (100) 基质上外延生长的 Ge 和 Ge0.9Sn0.1 层上沉积了镍薄膜。在 Ni/Ge 和 Ni/Ge0.9Sn0.1 的固态反应过程中进行了原位 X 射线衍射测量。根据线性抛物线模型进行了一维有限差分模拟,以确定相生长的动力学参数。锡的加入改变了锗化镍的成核和生长动力学。观察到 Ni(GeSn)的形成延迟,这可能是由于富镍相中的应力松弛造成的。此外,镍(GeSn)相的热稳定性受到锡偏析的严重影响。我们建立了一个模型来确定镍(GeSn)中锡偏析的动力学参数。
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引用次数: 0
Addressing accuracy by prescribing precision: Bayesian error estimation of point defect energetics 通过规定精度来解决准确性问题:点缺陷能量学的贝叶斯误差估计
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1063/5.0211543
Andrew Timmins, Rachel C. Kurchin
With density functional theory (DFT), it is possible to calculate the formation energy of charged point defects and in turn to predict a range of experimentally relevant quantities, such as defect concentrations, charge transition levels, or recombination rates. While prior efforts have led to marked improvements in the accuracy of such calculations, comparatively modest effort has been directed at quantifying their uncertainties. However, in the broader DFT research space, the development of Bayesian Error Estimation Functionals (BEEF) has enabled uncertainty quantification (UQ) for other properties. In this paper, we investigate the utility of BEEF as a tool for UQ of defect formation energies. We build a pipeline for propagating BEEF energies through a formation-energy calculation and test it on intrinsic defects in several materials systems spanning a variety of chemistries, bandgaps, and crystal structures, comparing to prior published results where available. We also assess the impact of aligning to a deep-level transition rather than to the VBM (valence band maximum). We observe negligible dependence of the estimated uncertainty upon a supercell size, though the relationship may be obfuscated by the fact that finite-size corrections cannot be computed separately for each member of the BEEF ensemble. Additionally, we find an increase in estimated uncertainty with respect to the absolute charge of a defect and the relaxation around the defect site without deep-level alignment, but this trend is absent when the alignment is applied. While further investigation is warranted, our results suggest that BEEF could be a useful method for UQ in defect calculations.
利用密度泛函理论(DFT)可以计算带电点缺陷的形成能,进而预测一系列与实验相关的量,如缺陷浓度、电荷转移水平或重组率。虽然之前的努力已经显著提高了此类计算的准确性,但在量化其不确定性方面所做的努力相对较少。然而,在更广阔的 DFT 研究领域,贝叶斯误差估计函数(BEEF)的发展使其他性质的不确定性量化(UQ)成为可能。在本文中,我们研究了贝叶斯误差估计函数作为缺陷形成能量不确定性量化工具的实用性。我们建立了一个通过形成能计算传播 BEEF 能量的管道,并在跨越各种化学性质、带隙和晶体结构的多个材料系统中对其内在缺陷进行了测试,同时与之前公布的结果(如有)进行了比较。我们还评估了对准深层跃迁而非价带最大值(VBM)的影响。我们观察到估计的不确定性与超级电池尺寸的关系可以忽略不计,不过这种关系可能会因为无法单独计算 BEEF 集合中每个成员的有限尺寸修正而变得模糊不清。此外,我们发现在没有深层配准的情况下,估计不确定性会随着缺陷的绝对电荷和缺陷点周围的弛豫而增加,但在应用配准时则没有这种趋势。虽然还需要进一步研究,但我们的结果表明 BEEF 可以成为缺陷计算中 UQ 的有用方法。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic behavior and stability control of skyrmionium in periodic PMA/damping gradient nanowires 周期性 PMA/阻尼梯度纳米线中天铱的动态行为和稳定性控制
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1063/5.0223052
Luowen Wang, Sunan Wang, Wenjin Li, Xiaoping Gao, Ziyang Yu, Qingbo Liu, Lun Xiong, Zhihong Lu, Yue Zhang, Rui Xiong
Magnetic skyrmioniums—with a composite structure comprising two skyrmions with opposite topological charges, exhibit unique dynamic behaviors that are crucial for technological advancements and have application potential for high-density and nonvolatile memory. This study explores the impact of periodic perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and damping gradients on skyrmioniums. Utilizing the object oriented micromagnetic framework for detailed simulations, the effective control and enhancement of the skyrmionium stability and mobility through the periodic modulation of PMA and damping gradients is demonstrated. The results demonstrate the dynamic behavior and stability control of skyrmioniums in periodic PMA/damping gradient nanowires. Moreover, the critical influence of the periodic gradient on the skyrmionium motion and stability is highlighted. The results present new avenues for developing advanced memory technologies, leveraging skyrmionium's unique nonlinear behaviors to improve the device performance and reliability.
磁性 skyrmioniums(由两个拓扑电荷相反的 skyrmions 组成的复合结构)表现出独特的动态行为,这对技术进步至关重要,并具有应用于高密度和非易失性存储器的潜力。本研究探讨了周期性垂直磁各向异性(PMA)和阻尼梯度对天葱的影响。利用面向对象的微磁框架进行了详细模拟,证明了通过周期性调制 PMA 和阻尼梯度,可以有效控制和增强天青铵的稳定性和流动性。结果证明了周期性 PMA/阻尼梯度纳米线中天鎓的动态行为和稳定性控制。此外,还强调了周期梯度对天铱运动和稳定性的关键影响。这些结果为开发先进的存储器技术提供了新的途径,利用天铱独特的非线性行为提高了器件的性能和可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Neutron-producing gas puff Z-pinch experiments on a fast, low-impedance, 0.5 MA linear transformer driver 在快速、低阻抗、0.5 MA 线性变压器驱动器上进行中子产生气体噗嗤 Z-pinch 实验
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1063/5.0218390
F. Conti, A. Williams, H. U. Rahman, V. Fadeev, D. P. Higginson, A. Youmans, N. Aybar, E. Ruskov, F. N. Beg
A study on the neutron production from single and double gas puff Z-pinches on the CESZAR linear transformer driver with ∼0.45 MA current and 170 ns rise time is presented. Total neutron yield measurements made with a LaBr activation detector are compared for three configurations, using a double nozzle setup. When a single, hollow, deuterium gas shell was used, reliable implosions could only be attained at higher load mass than the optimal value to match implosion time with the driver rise time, with neutron yields of ∼106 per pulse. The use of a double gas puff configuration with a deuterium center jet allowed a reduction in the shell density and operation closer to machine-matched conditions, recording up to (4.1 ± 0.3) × 107 neutrons/pulse when either Kr or D2 was used in the shell. For a comparable mass and implosion time, using a higher atomic-number gas in the outer shell results in more unstable plasma surface and smaller plasma radius at the location of instability bubbles, which, however, do not seem to consistently correlate with a higher neutron yield. Comparing implosion dynamics with models and neutron yields with literature scaling suggests that the machine current is not well coupled to the plasma during the final stages of compression. Optimizing current and energy coupling to the pinched plasma is critical to improving performance, particularly in low-impedance drivers.
本研究介绍了在 CESZAR 线性变压器驱动器上使用 0.45 MA 电流和 170 ns 上升时间的单气体喷嘴和双气体喷嘴 Z 形针产生中子的情况。使用双喷嘴设置,比较了用 LaBr 激活探测器对三种配置进行的总中子产率测量。当使用单个空心氘气壳时,只有在负载质量高于使内爆时间与驱动器上升时间相匹配的最佳值时,才能实现可靠的内爆,每个脉冲的中子产率为~106。使用带有氘中心射流的双气蓬配置可以降低外壳密度,使运行更接近于机器匹配条件,在外壳中使用 Kr 或 D2 时,每脉冲可记录多达 (4.1 ± 0.3) × 107 个中子。在质量和内爆时间相当的情况下,在外壳中使用原子序数更高的气体会导致更不稳定的等离子体表面和不稳定气泡位置处更小的等离子体半径,但这似乎与更高的中子产率并不一致。将内爆动力学与模型进行比较,将中子产率与文献比例进行比较,表明在压缩的最后阶段,机器电流与等离子体的耦合并不理想。优化与挤压等离子体的电流和能量耦合对提高性能至关重要,特别是在低阻抗驱动器中。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between the induced voltage of a rotor bar and the rotation characteristics of a high-temperature superconducting induction motor 转子棒感应电压与高温超导感应电动机旋转特性之间的关系
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1063/5.0219918
T. Nakamura, Y. Ogama
Although high-temperature superconducting induction motors have a simple structure, they are distinguished by their high efficiency and high power density. However, an accurate theoretical model that defines the primary electrical characteristics controlling the motor has not been established because of the nonlinear characteristics of high-temperature superconducting squirrel-cage rotor winding. As part of establishing such a model, an experiment was conducted to analyze the relationship between the induced voltage of the rotor bar in a high-temperature superconducting squirrel-cage rotor winding and stator-side quantities (voltage and transport current), as well as its rotation characteristics. A subject was a 1.5 kW class induction motor using Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O high-temperature superconducting rotor bars and the experiment was performed at a temperature and a frequency of 77 K and 60 Hz, respectively. The induced voltages of the rotor bars were measured by applying a rotating magnetic field and exhibited a distorted waveform characterized by a third-order harmonic in a magnetic flux flow state. Despite the distorted voltage waveform of the rotor bar, the stator transport current responsible for driving the induction motor remained unaffected and the motor initiated rotation in a slip rotation mode. From the above results, it was experimentally clarified that a stator voltage exceeding the critical current of the rotor bar must be applied when starting the induction motor. It was also shown that the rotor bar can be regarded as a constant resistance for a constant effective value of the stator current when transitioning the motor into a slip rotation state.
高温超导感应电机虽然结构简单,但却具有高效率和高功率密度的特点。然而,由于高温超导鼠笼式转子绕组的非线性特性,目前还没有建立一个精确的理论模型来定义控制电机的主要电气特性。为了建立这样一个模型,我们进行了一项实验,分析高温超导鼠笼式转子绕组中转子杆的感应电压与定子侧数量(电压和传输电流)之间的关系,以及其旋转特性。实验对象是一台使用 Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O 高温超导转子棒的 1.5 千瓦级感应电机,实验温度和频率分别为 77 K 和 60 Hz。转子棒的感应电压是通过施加旋转磁场测量的,在磁通流状态下呈现出以三阶谐波为特征的畸变波形。尽管转子磁栅的电压波形发生了畸变,但负责驱动感应电机的定子传输电流仍未受到影响,电机以滑移旋转模式启动旋转。根据上述结果,实验证明,在启动感应电机时,必须施加超过转子线棒临界电流的定子电压。实验还表明,当电机过渡到滑差旋转状态时,转子杆可被视为定子电流有效值恒定的恒定电阻。
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引用次数: 0
Stress field measurements using quantitative schlieren 利用定量离层仪测量应力场
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1063/5.0223560
S. M. Torres, J. Kimberley, M. J. Hargather
Quantitative schlieren analysis is extended here to optically transparent solids in quasi-static and dynamic experiments to measure stress distributions. The quasi-static experiments in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) compared refraction angles and stress gradients calculated from schlieren images to the analytical Flamant solution of a line load on a half-space. The quantitative schlieren measurements of the stress field in the thin sample with a load compared well to the analytical solution. The analysis method was then extended to explosive induced shock waves in PMMA. The explosive induced response of PMMA was experimentally studied using high-speed schlieren to visualize the shock propagation in conjunction with Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) to record surface velocity histories. The stress state estimated from the schlieren images was compared to the stress calculated from the PDV measurements. High-speed imaging limitations caused the shock wave to not be fully resolved in the images, but was resolved in the PDV measurement. The stress state behind the shock calculated from the high-speed images followed a similar trend to the stress calculated from the PDV measurements.
本文将定量裂隙分析扩展到光学透明固体的准静态和动态实验中,以测量应力分布。在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中进行的准静态实验中,比较了通过 Schlieren 图像计算出的折射角和应力梯度与半空间上的线载荷的弗拉芒分析法。对带有负载的薄样品中应力场的定量 Schlieren 测量结果与分析解决方案进行了很好的比较。然后,分析方法扩展到 PMMA 中的爆炸诱导冲击波。实验研究了 PMMA 的爆炸诱导响应,使用高速离散仪观察冲击波的传播,并结合光子多普勒测速仪(PDV)记录表面速度历史。将从 Schlieren 图像中估算出的应力状态与从 PDV 测量中计算出的应力进行了比较。由于高速成像的限制,冲击波在图像中无法完全分辨,但在 PDV 测量中得到了分辨。从高速图像中计算出的冲击波后的应力状态与从 PDV 测量中计算出的应力趋势相似。
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引用次数: 0
Magnetic properties, critical behavior, and magnetocaloric effect of Nd1−xSrxMnO3 (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.5): The role of Sr doping concentration Nd1-xSrxMnO3 (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) 的磁性能、临界行为和磁致效应:Sr掺杂浓度的作用
IF 3.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1063/5.0229032
Haiou Wang, Fuxiao Dong, Haochen Wang, Bojun Zhao, Yan Wang, Weishi Tan
Magnetic characteristics, magnetocaloric effect, and critical behavior of Nd1−xSrxMnO3 compounds by Sr doping (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) were studied. All samples maintained orthorhombic structures, but the space group changed from Pnma (No. 62) for x = 0.2, 0.3 to Imma (No. 74) for x = 0.4, 0.5. As Sr doping increased, the Curie temperature (TC), Curie–Weiss temperature (TCW), and magnetization increased, attributed to the double exchange (DE) interaction. A discrepancy between TCW and TC was observed due to the competition between polarons and DE interaction. The critical behavior was investigated systematically using the self-consistent (modified Arrott plots, MAP) method and the Kouvel–Fisher (KF) relation. The KF relation was suitable for the samples with x = 0.2 and 0.5, while the MAP method was suitable for the samples with x = 0.3 and 0.4. Among the Ising, XY, Heisenberg, and mean-field models, the samples with x = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 aligned more closely with the mean-field model, except for the x = 0.5 sample. Entropy change (−ΔSM) of Nd1−xSrxMnO3 (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) increased with the applied field, with the maximum value observed around TC. For the sample with x = 0.3, (−ΔSM) reached 4.315 J/kg K at μ0ΔH = 50 kOe, corresponding to a relative cooling power (RCP) of 280.48 J/kg. Remarkably, the x = 0.4 sample displayed (−ΔSM) of 3.298 J/kg K at μ0ΔH = 50 kOe near room temperature, with the RCP of 283.64 J/kg. These findings underscore the role of Sr doping in tuning the magnetic properties, critical behavior, and magnetocaloric effect of NdMnO3.
研究了掺杂 Sr(x = 0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5)的 Nd1-xSrxMnO3 化合物的磁特性、磁致效应和临界行为。所有样品都保持正方体结构,但空间群从 x = 0.2、0.3 时的 Pnma(62 号)变为 x = 0.4、0.5 时的 Imma(74 号)。随着锶掺杂量的增加,居里温度(TC)、居里-韦斯温度(TCW)和磁化率也随之增加,这归因于双交换(DE)相互作用。由于极子和 DE 相互作用之间的竞争,观察到 TCW 和 TC 之间存在差异。利用自洽(修正阿罗特图,MAP)方法和库维尔-费舍(KF)关系对临界行为进行了系统研究。KF 关系适用于 x = 0.2 和 0.5 的样品,而 MAP 方法适用于 x = 0.3 和 0.4 的样品。在 Ising、XY、Heisenberg 和均场模型中,除 x = 0.5 样本外,x = 0.2、0.3 和 0.4 样本更接近均场模型。Nd1-xSrxMnO3(0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.5)的熵变(-ΔSM)随施加的磁场而增加,在 TC 附近观察到最大值。对于 x = 0.3 的样品,在 μ0ΔH = 50 kOe 时,(-ΔSM) 达到 4.315 J/kg K,相当于 280.48 J/kg 的相对冷却功率 (RCP)。值得注意的是,x = 0.4 样品在接近室温的 μ0ΔH = 50 kOe 时显示出 3.298 J/kg K 的 (-ΔSM),相对冷却功率为 283.64 J/kg。这些发现强调了掺杂硒在调整 NdMnO3 的磁性能、临界行为和磁致效应方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Applied Physics
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