Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102331
Shubhadeep Biswas , Krishna Karmakar
Two new mite species Amblydromalus mahasagaricus Karmakar & Biswas sp. nov. and Euseius jalika Karmakar & Biswas sp. nov. belonging to the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata), are described, and Proprioseiopsis nemotoi Ehara & Amano, 1998, recorded for the first time from India, is redescribed based on specimens collected from vegetation of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Amblyseius dahliae Karmakar, Bhowmik & Sherpa, 2017; Euseius tripuraensis Kar & Karmakar, 2022 and Neoseiulus pranadae Karmakar & Gupta, 2014 are reported for the first time from Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
{"title":"Two new species of phytoseiid mites (Mesostigmata: Acari) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands with complementary description of Proprioseiopsis nemotoi Ehara & Amano, 1998","authors":"Shubhadeep Biswas , Krishna Karmakar","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two new mite species <em>Amblydromalus mahasagaricus</em> Karmakar & Biswas sp. nov. and <em>Euseius jalika</em> Karmakar & Biswas sp. nov. belonging to the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata), are described, and <em>Proprioseiopsis nemotoi</em> Ehara & Amano, 1998, recorded for the first time from India, is redescribed based on specimens collected from vegetation of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. <em>Amblyseius dahliae</em> Karmakar, Bhowmik & Sherpa, 2017; <em>Euseius tripuraensis</em> Kar & Karmakar, 2022 and <em>Neoseiulus pranadae</em> Karmakar & Gupta, 2014 are reported for the first time from Andaman and Nicobar Islands.</div><div>Zoobank registration number: <span><span>www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BD671B1A-4A51-41C0-8718-55C9F68C36AC</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"27 4","pages":"Article 102331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102328
Mingzhen Zhao , Lulu Dai , Shaoyong Zhang
One of the insects that cause the most damage to Moso bamboos in the southern regions of China is Hippotiscus dorsalis (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). However, the study of molecular and growth development analysis is limited because its genetic resources are still in the blank stage. In order to improve our knowledge of the molecular traits of this insect pest, we first generated the transcriptome from H dorsalis using PacBio Iso-Seq. With an average length of 1495 bp, 207,663 nonredundant full-length reads were produced. Using five databases, we annotated 36,238 transcripts: Uniprot (24,388), GO (1160), NR (24,110), Pfam (9333), and KEGG (14,497). According to aligning of each transcript in the NR database, most of them (85.147 %) were annotated into the functional genes from Halyomorpha halys. In the meantime, we discovered 33,689 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), 4408 transcription factors (TFs), and 586 alternative splicing (AS) events, which involved in transcriptional regulation. Additionally, the candidate cathepsin genes from the bamboo pest were examined in order to comprehend how they adapted to their host. To sum up, our findings offer a fresh resource for comprehensive transcriptional data and insights into the genetics and gene expression of H dorsalis.
{"title":"Identification and phylogenetic of cysteine peptidase genes from the bamboo pest Hippotiscus dorsalis, based on RNA-seq and PacBio Iso-Seq","authors":"Mingzhen Zhao , Lulu Dai , Shaoyong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the insects that cause the most damage to Moso bamboos in the southern regions of China is <em>Hippotiscus dorsalis</em> (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). However, the study of molecular and growth development analysis is limited because its genetic resources are still in the blank stage. In order to improve our knowledge of the molecular traits of this insect pest, we first generated the transcriptome from <em>H dorsalis</em> using PacBio Iso-Seq. With an average length of 1495 bp, 207,663 nonredundant full-length reads were produced. Using five databases, we annotated 36,238 transcripts: Uniprot (24,388), GO (1160), NR (24,110), Pfam (9333), and KEGG (14,497). According to aligning of each transcript in the NR database, most of them (85.147 %) were annotated into the functional genes from <em>Halyomorpha halys</em>. In the meantime, we discovered 33,689 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), 4408 transcription factors (TFs), and 586 alternative splicing (AS) events, which involved in transcriptional regulation. Additionally, the candidate cathepsin genes from the bamboo pest were examined in order to comprehend how they adapted to their host. To sum up, our findings offer a fresh resource for comprehensive transcriptional data and insights into the genetics and gene expression of <em>H dorsalis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"27 4","pages":"Article 102328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, has become a global invasive pest in recent years, threatening agricultural production. Carvacrol (CAR) is a multifunctional plant-derived compound and exhibited significant bioactivities against many pests. Our previous study found that CAR inhibited growth and development in S. frugiperda. However, the effects of CAR on the midgut of this pest remain unknown. In this study, the actions of CAR on the larval midgut of S. frugiperda were investigated. The results found that 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg CAR treatments destroyed the structure of the larval midgut based on hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscope observation. In addition, 2.0 g/kg CAR exposure significantly altered the larval midgut bacterial community composition and structure. The results of the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis suggest that six bacterial genera contributed to the different structures of the larval bacterial community. Furthermore, PICRUSt2 analysis found that 16 bacterial function categories were altered by CAR treatment, of which 8 were significantly increased. Our results provided new insight into the toxicological mechanisms of CAR against S. frugiperda larvae and laid the foundation for the field application of S. frugiperda control.
近年来，秋虫（Spodoptera frugiperda）已成为一种全球性入侵害虫，威胁着农业生产。香芹酚（CAR）是一种多功能植物源化合物，对多种害虫具有显著的生物活性。我们之前的研究发现，香芹酚（CAR）可抑制节肢蚜的生长和发育。然而，CAR 对该害虫中肠的影响仍然未知。本研究调查了 CAR 对节节菜幼虫中肠的作用。结果发现，根据苏木精-伊红染色和透射电子显微镜观察，1.0 和 2.0 g/kg CAR 处理破坏了幼虫中肠的结构。此外，2.0 克/千克的 CAR 会显著改变幼虫中肠细菌群落的组成和结构。线性判别分析效应大小（LEfSe）分析结果表明，有六个细菌属对幼虫细菌群落的不同结构做出了贡献。此外，PICRUSt2分析发现，16种细菌功能类别因CAR处理而改变，其中8种显著增加。我们的研究结果为了解 CAR 对节节虫幼虫的毒理机制提供了新的视角，为节节虫防治的田间应用奠定了基础。
{"title":"Carvacrol acts on the larval midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda by destroying the tissue structure and altering the bacterial community","authors":"Jingjing Zhang , Cuiting Liu , Xinyi Xie , Xuanyue Yu , Yuting Huang , Rui Tang , Jian Zeng , Benshui Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, has become a global invasive pest in recent years, threatening agricultural production. Carvacrol (CAR) is a multifunctional plant-derived compound and exhibited significant bioactivities against many pests. Our previous study found that CAR inhibited growth and development in <em>S. frugiperda</em>. However, the effects of CAR on the midgut of this pest remain unknown. In this study, the actions of CAR on the larval midgut of <em>S. frugiperda</em> were investigated. The results found that 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg CAR treatments destroyed the structure of the larval midgut based on hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscope observation. In addition, 2.0 g/kg CAR exposure significantly altered the larval midgut bacterial community composition and structure. The results of the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis suggest that six bacterial genera contributed to the different structures of the larval bacterial community. Furthermore, PICRUSt2 analysis found that 16 bacterial function categories were altered by CAR treatment, of which 8 were significantly increased. Our results provided new insight into the toxicological mechanisms of CAR against S. frugiperda larvae and laid the foundation for the field application of S. frugiperda control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"27 4","pages":"Article 102329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102330
Jelin Vilvest , M.C. John Milton , Alex Yagoo , Kedike Balakrishna
Mosquitoes are a critical global public health concern, causing millions of deaths each year due to the viral infections and diseases they spread. In recent decades, synthetic insecticides and repellents have been used to control mosquito populations and virus transmission, but they often harm the environment and non-target organisms, including humans. This research investigates the isolation, characterization, and structural elucidation of cis-13-Octadecenoic acid derived from Andrographis paniculata, and its effectiveness against the immature stages of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The extracts from A. paniculata underwent fractionation, with the most bioactive fractions being further purified and analyzed. Spectroscopic techniques were employed to confirm the structure of cis-13-Octadecenoic acid. Biological assays were then performed to evaluate its ovicidal, larvicidal, and pupicidal activities. cis-13-Octadecenoic acid exhibited notable ovicidal activity, causing 25 % mortality in Ae. aegypti eggs and 29 % mortality in Cx. quinquefasciatus eggs at a concentration of 2 ppm. Additionally, it showed strong larvicidal and pupicidal activities, with LC50 values of 2.67 ppm and 3.39 ppm for Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae, and 3.10 ppm and 2.93 ppm for Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae and pupae, respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential of cis-13-Octadecenoic acid as an effective natural compound for mosquito control, highlighting the broader importance of natural products as alternatives to synthetic insecticides in the management of vector-borne diseases.
{"title":"Investigation on the mosquitocidal property of cis-13-Octadecenoic acid isolated from Andrographis paniculata against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"Jelin Vilvest , M.C. John Milton , Alex Yagoo , Kedike Balakrishna","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mosquitoes are a critical global public health concern, causing millions of deaths each year due to the viral infections and diseases they spread. In recent decades, synthetic insecticides and repellents have been used to control mosquito populations and virus transmission, but they often harm the environment and non-target organisms, including humans. This research investigates the isolation, characterization, and structural elucidation of <em>cis</em>-13-Octadecenoic acid derived from Andrographis paniculata, and its effectiveness against the immature stages of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The extracts from A. paniculata underwent fractionation, with the most bioactive fractions being further purified and analyzed. Spectroscopic techniques were employed to confirm the structure of <em>cis</em>-13-Octadecenoic acid. Biological assays were then performed to evaluate its ovicidal, larvicidal, and pupicidal activities. <em>cis</em>-13-Octadecenoic acid exhibited notable ovicidal activity, causing 25 % mortality in Ae. aegypti eggs and 29 % mortality in Cx. quinquefasciatus eggs at a concentration of 2 ppm. Additionally, it showed strong larvicidal and pupicidal activities, with LC<sub>50</sub> values of 2.67 ppm and 3.39 ppm for Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae, and 3.10 ppm and 2.93 ppm for Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae and pupae, respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential of <em>cis</em>-13-Octadecenoic acid as an effective natural compound for mosquito control, highlighting the broader importance of natural products as alternatives to synthetic insecticides in the management of vector-borne diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"27 4","pages":"Article 102330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102327
Ashok K. Sau , Mukesh K. Dhillon , Sandeep Kumar , Aditya K. Tanwar
Chilo partellus undergo hibernation to survive under harsh winter conditions. We investigated changes in lipophilic profiles of larval and pupal whole body and tissues (haemolymph, fat bodies and integument) of hibernation and non-hibernation C. partellus strains. Significantly higher amount of lipids was found in whole body of pre-hibernation and hibernation larvae than non-hibernation larvae. At tissue level, total lipids were significantly higher in haemolymph and fat bodies of pre-hibernation, and integument of non-hibernation larvae. In whole body of larvae and pupae of hibernation and non-hibernation strains, most abundant fatty acids were oleic acid (16.4%–23%), palmitic acid (14.6%–19.3%), linoleic acid (9.3%–11.6%), palmitoleic acid (3.7%–7.3%) and stearic acid (1.7%–2.8%). Further, at tissue level, myristic, palmitoleic, palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids in fat bodies; and stearic acid in the integument of hibernation larvae were higher as compared to other body parts and larval stages of C. partellus. In pupal tissues, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids were higher in the haemolymph and fat bodies of non-hibernation pupae than post-hibernation pupae. Among the unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), the palmitoleic acid significantly increased in all the larval tissues, and linoleic acid in fat bodies and integument, while oleic acid significantly decreased in integument of hibernation as compared to non-hibernation larvae of C. partellus. These information on adaptive remodelling of lipids at tissue level might help in future physiological, molecular, ecological and pest management studies on C. partellus.
{"title":"Hibernation changes tissue specific lipophilic profile of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)","authors":"Ashok K. Sau , Mukesh K. Dhillon , Sandeep Kumar , Aditya K. Tanwar","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Chilo partellus</em> undergo hibernation to survive under harsh winter conditions. We investigated changes in lipophilic profiles of larval and pupal whole body and tissues (haemolymph, fat bodies and integument) of hibernation and non-hibernation <em>C. partellus</em> strains. Significantly higher amount of lipids was found in whole body of pre-hibernation and hibernation larvae than non-hibernation larvae. At tissue level, total lipids were significantly higher in haemolymph and fat bodies of pre-hibernation, and integument of non-hibernation larvae. In whole body of larvae and pupae of hibernation and non-hibernation strains, most abundant fatty acids were oleic acid (16.4%–23%), palmitic acid (14.6%–19.3%), linoleic acid (9.3%–11.6%), palmitoleic acid (3.7%–7.3%) and stearic acid (1.7%–2.8%). Further, at tissue level, myristic, palmitoleic, palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids in fat bodies; and stearic acid in the integument of hibernation larvae were higher as compared to other body parts and larval stages of <em>C. partellus</em>. In pupal tissues, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids were higher in the haemolymph and fat bodies of non-hibernation pupae than post-hibernation pupae. Among the unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), the palmitoleic acid significantly increased in all the larval tissues, and linoleic acid in fat bodies and integument, while oleic acid significantly decreased in integument of hibernation as compared to non-hibernation larvae of <em>C. partellus</em>. These information on adaptive remodelling of lipids at tissue level might help in future physiological, molecular, ecological and pest management studies on <em>C. partellus.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"27 4","pages":"Article 102327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102326
Han Soo Kim , Jin Myeong Kim , Weiyue Qiu , Hyung Joo Yoon , Kyeong Yong Lee , Kwang Sik Lee , Byung Rae Jin
Climate change can negatively impact the morphology and behavior of bumblebees. In particular, it can decrease the body size of workers, thereby reducing foraging activity. However, the morphological impacts of higher developmental temperatures on different castes of bumblebees remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of elevated developmental temperatures on the morphological traits of different castes of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris). We reared queens that emerged from hibernation at different developmental temperatures: optimal (constant temperature of 27 °C), moderately high (constant temperature of 32 °C), and high (35 °C; by transferring the colony from 32 °C to 35 °C after the emergence of 10 workers). The body weight, head capsule width, body width, body length, and wing length of different castes of bumblebees significantly differed at elevated developmental temperatures. The highest impact was noted on the body width and body weight of workers, body width and wing length of queens, and body length, head capsule width, and wing length of males. Among the different castes of bumblebees, workers were most impacted by elevated developmental temperatures, followed by queens and then males. In contrast, the relative ratio of wing length to body length suggested the allometry of wing length in bumblebee castes at elevated developmental temperatures. These findings indicate that elevated developmental temperatures resulting from climate change may negatively affect the morphological traits of different castes of bumblebees.
{"title":"Negative relationships between elevated developmental temperatures and morphological traits of different castes of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris)","authors":"Han Soo Kim , Jin Myeong Kim , Weiyue Qiu , Hyung Joo Yoon , Kyeong Yong Lee , Kwang Sik Lee , Byung Rae Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change can negatively impact the morphology and behavior of bumblebees. In particular, it can decrease the body size of workers, thereby reducing foraging activity. However, the morphological impacts of higher developmental temperatures on different castes of bumblebees remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of elevated developmental temperatures on the morphological traits of different castes of bumblebees (<em>Bombus terrestris</em>). We reared queens that emerged from hibernation at different developmental temperatures: optimal (constant temperature of 27 °C), moderately high (constant temperature of 32 °C), and high (35 °C; by transferring the colony from 32 °C to 35 °C after the emergence of 10 workers). The body weight, head capsule width, body width, body length, and wing length of different castes of bumblebees significantly differed at elevated developmental temperatures. The highest impact was noted on the body width and body weight of workers, body width and wing length of queens, and body length, head capsule width, and wing length of males. Among the different castes of bumblebees, workers were most impacted by elevated developmental temperatures, followed by queens and then males. In contrast, the relative ratio of wing length to body length suggested the allometry of wing length in bumblebee castes at elevated developmental temperatures. These findings indicate that elevated developmental temperatures resulting from climate change may negatively affect the morphological traits of different castes of bumblebees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"27 4","pages":"Article 102326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102325
Jin Hyeok Choi , Soon-Il Kim , Woohyung Lee , Yong Hwan Lee , Kil Won Kim , Myeong-Lyeol Lee , Hyung Wook Kwon
Honey bees are commonly used for pollination in apple orchards. This study aimed to develop a bee-vectoring scheme whereby honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) deliver microbial agents (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI600) against fire blight from a dispenser at the entrance of the beehive to apple flowers. The efficiency of disseminating phosphorescent microbial agents (PMA) by honey bees was compared across four apple orchards; (A) with installed insect nets, (B) isolated on an island, (C) adjacent to other apple orchards and apiaries, and (D) near C within 50 m and without beehives. The average detection ratio of PMA on bees visiting flowers was 100 % in orchard (A) and (B), whereas in (C) and (D) it was 54.5 % and 40.0 %, respectively. Detection of PMA on apple blossoms was also 100 % in (A) and (B), but significantly low in (C) and (D) at 52.8 % and 12.9 %. In orchards (A) and (B), PMA adhered to pistils at high ratios of 98.0 % and 96.3 %, while in orchard (C), it was significantly lower at 9.3 %. Phosphorescence intensity in flowers and the proportion of apple pollen loads collected from incoming bees were also investigated. Finally compared to the orchard (A) and (B), open orchard (C) and (D) showed significantly lower microbial agent spread efficiency by honey bee vectoring. For open orchards, supplemental strategy to enhance bee vectoring could include increasing the number of hives in the orchard and temporarily relocating neighbor’s beehives during flowering, or supplying additional dispensers to nearby apiaries.
{"title":"Dissemination of phosphorescent microbial agents by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in apple orchards","authors":"Jin Hyeok Choi , Soon-Il Kim , Woohyung Lee , Yong Hwan Lee , Kil Won Kim , Myeong-Lyeol Lee , Hyung Wook Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honey bees are commonly used for pollination in apple orchards. This study aimed to develop a bee-vectoring scheme whereby honey bees (<em>Apis mellifera</em> L.) deliver microbial agents (<em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em> MBI600) against fire blight from a dispenser at the entrance of the beehive to apple flowers. The efficiency of disseminating phosphorescent microbial agents (PMA) by honey bees was compared across four apple orchards; (A) with installed insect nets, (B) isolated on an island, (C) adjacent to other apple orchards and apiaries, and (D) near C within 50 m and without beehives. The average detection ratio of PMA on bees visiting flowers was 100 % in orchard (A) and (B), whereas in (C) and (D) it was 54.5 % and 40.0 %, respectively. Detection of PMA on apple blossoms was also 100 % in (A) and (B), but significantly low in (C) and (D) at 52.8 % and 12.9 %. In orchards (A) and (B), PMA adhered to pistils at high ratios of 98.0 % and 96.3 %, while in orchard (C), it was significantly lower at 9.3 %. Phosphorescence intensity in flowers and the proportion of apple pollen loads collected from incoming bees were also investigated. Finally compared to the orchard (A) and (B), open orchard (C) and (D) showed significantly lower microbial agent spread efficiency by honey bee vectoring. For open orchards, supplemental strategy to enhance bee vectoring could include increasing the number of hives in the orchard and temporarily relocating neighbor’s beehives during flowering, or supplying additional dispensers to nearby apiaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"27 4","pages":"Article 102325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102322
Jun-li Lv , Wen-qing Lai , Lei Pang , Xiao-ying Zhang , Kai-yi Zheng , Qiang Zhang , Zhan-peng Lu , Zhi-sheng Wang , Fasihul Lisan , Xue-yang Wang , Lu-feng Hu , Ming-jie Deng
Camptothecin (CPT) is derived from Camptotheca acuminate and its main action is the inhibition of the DNA topoisomerase I (Top I) complex. Therefore, CPT and its derivatives are always used as antitumor and antimicrobial agents and also have some insecticidal effects. However, the mode of action underlying the toxicity of CPT to the virulence of pests is still not fully understood. In this study, the effects of CPT on Spodoptera frugiperda (S. frugiperda) were determined by performing toxicity assessments, metabolomics, and mechanism analysis. The results showed that CPT increased the efficiency of inhibition of larval weight in a dose and time-dependent manner. In addition, the metabolomics of 5th-instar larval hemolymph was determined by UPLC-MS/MS and 1H NMR analysis. UPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that the energy metabolic pathway was more important than the amino acid pathway for the resistance of S. frugiperda to CPT. Furthermore, metabolites involved in the energy metabolic pathway were analyzed using 1H NMR, and fumarate and pyruvate were identified as interesting metabolites. Bioassays confirmed that they play a key role in enhancing the resistance of S. frugiperda larvae to CPT. Finally, the underlying mechanisms were found to be related to the restorative effects of the two metabolites on metabolic pathways associated with the TCA cycle. In a word, CPT is a potential biological insecticide that exhibits a strong toxicological effect against S. frugiperda by inhibiting the TCA cycle, which provides theoretical support for applying CPT in the control of pests.
{"title":"Mode of action underlying toxicity of Camptothecin to Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera) larvae","authors":"Jun-li Lv , Wen-qing Lai , Lei Pang , Xiao-ying Zhang , Kai-yi Zheng , Qiang Zhang , Zhan-peng Lu , Zhi-sheng Wang , Fasihul Lisan , Xue-yang Wang , Lu-feng Hu , Ming-jie Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Camptothecin (CPT) is derived from <em>Camptotheca acuminate</em> and its main action is the inhibition of the DNA topoisomerase I (Top I) complex. Therefore, CPT and its derivatives are always used as antitumor and antimicrobial agents and also have some insecticidal effects. However, the mode of action underlying the toxicity of CPT to the virulence of pests is still not fully understood. In this study, the effects of CPT on <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (<em>S. frugiperda</em>) were determined by performing toxicity assessments, metabolomics, and mechanism analysis. The results showed that CPT increased the efficiency of inhibition of larval weight in a dose and time-dependent manner. In addition, the metabolomics of 5th-instar larval hemolymph was determined by UPLC-MS/MS and <sup>1</sup>H NMR analysis. UPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that the energy metabolic pathway was more important than the amino acid pathway for the resistance of <em>S. frugiperda</em> to CPT. Furthermore, metabolites involved in the energy metabolic pathway were analyzed using <sup>1</sup>H NMR, and fumarate and pyruvate were identified as interesting metabolites. Bioassays confirmed that they play a key role in enhancing the resistance of <em>S. frugiperda</em> larvae to CPT. Finally, the underlying mechanisms were found to be related to the restorative effects of the two metabolites on metabolic pathways associated with the TCA cycle. In a word, CPT is a potential biological insecticide that exhibits a strong toxicological effect against <em>S. frugiperda</em> by inhibiting the TCA cycle, which provides theoretical support for applying CPT in the control of pests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"27 4","pages":"Article 102322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The megachilid bees of Ladakh are documented based on the collections deposited in the National Zoological Collection and the collections made from Leh district by S. Angmo during 2020–2023. Accounts of sixteen species known from this region belonging to three tribes viz., Anthidiini (03 species), Megachilini (09 species) and Osmiini (01 species) are provided. Thirteen species have been detected among which seven species, Stelis scutellaris Morawitz, Coelioxys conoideus (Illiger), Coelioxys rufescens Lepeletier and Serville, Megachile creutzburgi (Tkalců), Megachile leachella Curtis, Megachile lagopoda (Linnaeus) and Megachile maritima (Kirby) are new to India, while three among the remaining six species are new to Ladakh. Floral associations for the recently collected specimens are provided. The Mitochondrial COI sequences of 09 species are deposited in BOLD/NCBI among which sequences for 03 species are novel deposits. Based on the COI sequences already available in the database and the sequences deposited, a phylogenetic tree for the studied specimens has been included.
{"title":"Megachilid bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Megachilidae) of Ladakh: A morphological and molecular approach","authors":"Spalzin Angmo , Sayan Sardar , Tsering Stobdan , Archana Chauhan , S.I. Kazmi , A. Rameshkumar","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The megachilid bees of Ladakh are documented based on the collections deposited in the National Zoological Collection and the collections made from Leh district by S. Angmo during 2020–2023. Accounts of sixteen species known from this region belonging to three tribes viz., Anthidiini (03 species), Megachilini (09 species) and Osmiini (01 species) are provided. Thirteen species have been detected among which seven species, <em>Stelis scutellaris</em> Morawitz, <em>Coelioxys conoideus</em> (Illiger), <em>Coelioxys rufescens</em> Lepeletier and Serville, <em>Megachile creutzburgi</em> (Tkalců), <em>Megachile leachella</em> Curtis, <em>Megachile lagopoda</em> (Linnaeus) and <em>Megachile maritima</em> (Kirby) are new to India, while three among the remaining six species are new to Ladakh. Floral associations for the recently collected specimens are provided. The Mitochondrial COI sequences of 09 species are deposited in BOLD/NCBI among which sequences for 03 species are novel deposits. Based on the COI sequences already available in the database and the sequences deposited, a phylogenetic tree for the studied specimens has been included.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"27 4","pages":"Article 102324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102321
Abarna V.P. , Muthuswami M. , Jeyarajan Nelson S , Johnson Thangaraj Edward Y.S. , Manikanda Boopathi N. , Anita B. , Jeya Sundara Sharmila D.
The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, poses a significant threat to cruciferous crops due to its resistance to conventional insecticides. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), such as Metarhizium anisopliae offer a promising solution for the management of P. xylostella. When exposed to lethal or sub-lethal doses of microbial insecticides especially EPF, insects often mount various immune responses as a survival mechanism, including the activation of detoxification and protective enzymes. In this study, M. anisopliae (Ma1) isolated from soil resulted in 94.00 ± 0.245 percent mortality of DBM at a conidial load of 1 x 109 conidia/ml, with an LC50 value of 2.70 x 106 conidia/ml. The activity of various detoxifying and free radical scavenging enzymes was assessed in whole-body samples of P. xylostella at varying time intervals after inoculation with the entomopathogenic fungi. The results showed that the activity of the enzymes increased after 48 h of inoculation, reaching a maximum at 96 h after inoculation. After 96 h, the activity of these enzymes started to decline significantly. In conclusion, the M. anisopliae isolate Ma1 was found to be highly effective against P. xylostella. Therefore, it could be formulated using appropriate carrier material and used as a component in Integrated pest management programs. Elevated levels of detoxification and free radical scavenging enzyme expression helps in understanding the immune mechanisms in P. xylostella in response to M. anisopliae infection.
由于菱纹夜蛾（DBM）对传统杀虫剂具有抗药性，它对十字花科作物构成了严重威胁。昆虫病原真菌（EPF），如Metarhizium anisopliae，为管理木蠹蛾提供了一种很有前景的解决方案。昆虫暴露于致死或亚致死剂量的微生物杀虫剂（尤其是 EPF）时，通常会产生各种免疫反应作为生存机制，包括激活解毒酶和保护酶。在这项研究中，从土壤中分离出的 M. anisopliae（Ma1）在分生孢子量为 1 x 109 个分生孢子/毫升时，可使 DBM 的死亡率达到 94.00 ± 0.245%，半致死浓度为 2.70 x 106 个分生孢子/毫升。在接种昆虫病原真菌后的不同时间间隔内，对木虱全身样本中各种解毒酶和自由基清除酶的活性进行了评估。结果表明，接种 48 小时后，酶的活性增加，在接种 96 小时后达到最大值。96 小时后，这些酶的活性开始明显下降。总之，研究发现 M. anisopliae 分离物 Ma1 对木虱非常有效。因此，可以使用适当的载体材料对其进行配制，并将其用作害虫综合治理计划的一个组成部分。解毒酶和自由基清除酶表达水平的提高有助于了解木虱对 M. anisopliae 感染的免疫机制。
{"title":"Investigating the enzymatic response of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) Infection: A Comprehensive study","authors":"Abarna V.P. , Muthuswami M. , Jeyarajan Nelson S , Johnson Thangaraj Edward Y.S. , Manikanda Boopathi N. , Anita B. , Jeya Sundara Sharmila D.","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diamondback moth (DBM), <em>Plutella xylostella</em>, poses a significant threat to cruciferous crops due to its resistance to conventional insecticides. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), such as <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> offer a promising solution for the management of <em>P. xylostella</em>. When exposed to lethal or sub-lethal doses of microbial insecticides especially EPF, insects often mount various immune responses as a survival mechanism, including the activation of detoxification and protective enzymes. In this study, <em>M. anisopliae</em> (Ma1) isolated from soil resulted in 94.00 ± 0.245 percent mortality of DBM at a conidial load of 1 x 10<sup>9</sup> conidia/ml, with an LC<sub>50</sub> value of 2.70 x 10<sup>6</sup> conidia/ml. The activity of various detoxifying and free radical scavenging enzymes was assessed in whole-body samples of <em>P. xylostella</em> at varying time intervals after inoculation with the entomopathogenic fungi. The results showed that the activity of the enzymes increased after 48 h of inoculation, reaching a maximum at 96 h after inoculation. After 96 h, the activity of these enzymes started to decline significantly. In conclusion, the <em>M. anisopliae</em> isolate Ma1 was found to be highly effective against <em>P. xylostella.</em> Therefore, it could be formulated using appropriate carrier material and used as a component in Integrated pest management programs. Elevated levels of detoxification and free radical scavenging enzyme expression helps in understanding the immune mechanisms in <em>P. xylostella</em> in response to <em>M. anisopliae</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"27 4","pages":"Article 102321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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