Pub Date : 2024-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102352
Franciely da Silva Ponce, Moisés Daniel de Oliveira, Vanessa Rafaela De Carvalho, Claudia Aparecida de Lima Toledo, Santino Seabra Júnior, Regiane Cristina de Oliveira
Selection of suitable Trichogramma strain is critical in biological control programs against pests. Thus, the objective was to select the most suitable strains based on the biological and molecular analyses of five populations of T. pretiosum to develop the program of biological control of C. includens in brassica cultivation. A randomized complete block design was used, with five strains (FT, VI, VII, SBI and SBII) and 20 replicates. Endosymbionts present in the strains were identified by polymerase chain reaction. “FT” showed better longevity, a higher number of adults per egg, and a higher sex ratio compared to the other strains. It was the most indicated for the biological control of C. includens in brassicas despite failing to obtain the highest egg parasitism. Cluster analysis showed that the “FT” strain met a majority of the requirements for managing C. includens and flying pests. Among the evaluated endosymbionts, Cardinium, Carsonella, Spiroplasm, and Serratia were observed in three of the five evaluated strains, and a combination of Cardinium, Spiroplasma, and Serratia may be involved in the parasitism of the “FT” strain.
{"title":"Selection of suitable stain in Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) for the control of biological management of Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Franciely da Silva Ponce, Moisés Daniel de Oliveira, Vanessa Rafaela De Carvalho, Claudia Aparecida de Lima Toledo, Santino Seabra Júnior, Regiane Cristina de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selection of suitable <em>Trichogramma</em> strain is critical in biological control programs against pests. Thus, the objective was to select the most suitable strains based on the biological and molecular analyses of five populations of <em>T. pretiosum</em> to develop the program of biological control of <em>C. includens</em> in brassica cultivation. A randomized complete block design was used, with five strains (FT, VI, VII, SBI and SBII) and 20 replicates. Endosymbionts present in the strains were identified by polymerase chain reaction. “FT” showed better longevity, a higher number of adults per egg, and a higher sex ratio compared to the other strains. It was the most indicated for the biological control of C. includens in brassicas despite failing to obtain the highest egg parasitism. Cluster analysis showed that the “FT” strain met a majority of the requirements for managing <em>C. includens</em> and flying pests. Among the evaluated endosymbionts, <em>Cardinium, Carsonella, Spiroplasm</em>, and <em>Serratia</em> were observed in three of the five evaluated strains, and a combination of <em>Cardinium, Spiroplasma</em>, and <em>Serratia</em> may be involved in the parasitism of the “FT” strain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 1","pages":"Article 102352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102356
Naresh Dangi , Young-gyun Park , Un Taek Lim
Flonicamid a systemic insecticide acts as a feeding inhibitor against sucking insect pests. Now it is registered against soybean aphids in Korea and can be also used to control Riptortus pedestris (F.), a major pest of soybean. Here, we compared the susceptibility of R. pedestris and its two egg parasitoids, Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii and Gryon japonicum (Ashmead), to flonicamid. The median lethal concentrations for 2nd and 4th instar nymphs of R. pedestris were 0.03 and 1.3 g/L, respectively, after 48 h of feeding. The toxicity indices for 2nd and 4th instar nymphs, and adult R. pedestris fed with 0.5 g/L flonicamid were 1.8, 1.5, and 1.5 times more toxic than that of the water control, while those for O. nezarae and G. japonicum were just 1.1 and 1.2 times more toxic than that of the control, respectively. In conclusion, flonicamid is more toxic to nymphs than adult stages of R. pedestris, but it is relatively safe to its egg parasitoids, thus can be used as an effective strategy for conservation biological control against R. pedestris.
{"title":"Differential susceptibility of Riptortus pedestris (F.) and its two egg parasitoids to flonicamid","authors":"Naresh Dangi , Young-gyun Park , Un Taek Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flonicamid a systemic insecticide acts as a feeding inhibitor against sucking insect pests. Now it is registered against soybean aphids in Korea and can be also used to control <em>Riptortus pedestris</em> (F.), a major pest of soybean. Here, we compared the susceptibility of <em>R. pedestris</em> and its two egg parasitoids, <em>Ooencyrtus nezarae</em> Ishii and <em>Gryon japonicum</em> (Ashmead), to flonicamid. The median lethal concentrations for 2nd and 4th instar nymphs of <em>R. pedestris</em> were 0.03 and 1.3 g/L, respectively, after 48 h of feeding. The toxicity indices for 2nd and 4th instar nymphs, and adult <em>R. pedestris</em> fed with 0.5 g/L flonicamid were 1.8, 1.5, and 1.5 times more toxic than that of the water control, while those for <em>O. nezarae</em> and <em>G. japonicum</em> were just 1.1 and 1.2 times more toxic than that of the control, respectively. In conclusion, flonicamid is more toxic to nymphs than adult stages of <em>R. pedestris</em>, but it is relatively safe to its egg parasitoids, thus can be used as an effective strategy for conservation biological control against <em>R. pedestris</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 1","pages":"Article 102356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102347
Anandapadmanaban Gokulanathan , Hyoung-ho Mo , Youngjin Park
The red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren, is native to South America and has been expanding its habitat in the United States, Asia, and Oceania through abiotic and international trade routes. Surveillance is a vital quarantine task at quarantine sites that can detect exotic pests before their introduction. However, subsequent intensive surveillance is essential to eradicate this invasive species. Understanding the RIFA response and attractant selection helps improve bait quality and effectiveness. This study assessed the attraction behavior of RIFA to candidate attractants (CA) including trail and alarm pheromones, farnesene mixture, 4-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, geranylgeraniol (GGOH), allofarnesene cis and trans mixture (AFA), 3-Ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine (PYZ), and 13 commercial poisoning baits (CPBs). In terms of attraction sensitivity to CA and CPB, AFA was a potential attractant. AFA showed a 68% attraction rate for RIFA at a lower concentration compared to other pheromones. Among the CPBs, borax (3%) gel bait showed the most efficient attraction. The behavioral preferences of RIFA towards CA and CPB showed a higher attraction to pheromones than CPB. Based on these results, AFA may be used as bait to support extensive surveillance and prevent RIFA infestations.
{"title":"Attraction behavior of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, to candidate attractants and poisoning baits","authors":"Anandapadmanaban Gokulanathan , Hyoung-ho Mo , Youngjin Park","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The red imported fire ant (RIFA), <em>Solenopsis invicta</em> Buren, is native to South America and has been expanding its habitat in the United States, Asia, and Oceania through abiotic and international trade routes. Surveillance is a vital quarantine task at quarantine sites that can detect exotic pests before their introduction. However, subsequent intensive surveillance is essential to eradicate this invasive species. Understanding the RIFA response and attractant selection helps improve bait quality and effectiveness. This study assessed the attraction behavior of RIFA to candidate attractants (CA) including trail and alarm pheromones, farnesene mixture, 4-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, geranylgeraniol (GGOH), allofarnesene cis and trans mixture (AFA), 3-Ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine (PYZ), and 13 commercial poisoning baits (CPBs). In terms of attraction sensitivity to CA and CPB, AFA was a potential attractant. AFA showed a 68% attraction rate for RIFA at a lower concentration compared to other pheromones. Among the CPBs, borax (3%) gel bait showed the most efficient attraction. The behavioral preferences of RIFA towards CA and CPB showed a higher attraction to pheromones than CPB. Based on these results, AFA may be used as bait to support extensive surveillance and prevent RIFA infestations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"27 4","pages":"Article 102347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102341
K. Elakkiya , M. Murugan , S.V. Krishnamoorthy , N. Senthil , D. Vijayalakshmi
Diamides, a new class of insecticides, have been used in Indian agriculture for more than 15 years. The severe incidence of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L., and leafworm, Spodoptera litura Fab. on cabbage/cauliflower drew intensive applications of diamides in Southern India. The former is an oligophagous (specialist), while the latter is a polyphagous (generalist) pest. In India, DBM resistance to diamides has surfaced, but not for S. litura. The field populations collected from cauliflower and cabbage in Tamil Nadu’s various agro-climatic zones were tested for diamides resistance, viz., flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole. The results revealed high resistance to flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole in DBM field populations (98.32 to 54.52 mg/L, respectively) but not in S. litura (4.84 to 0.84 mg/L). Resistance fold in both pests were high for chlorantraniliprole rather than flubendiamide, and the KRI population stood top in resistance. The Resistance folds to flubendiamide (121.38) and chlorantraniliprole (227.16) got multi-folded for DBM when matched against reference susceptible population (SUS-I). Analysis of detoxifying enzymes (MFO, GST, CarE) in highly resistant DBM populations after sub lethal diamide exposures showed GST over-expression for up to 24 h, while none of the tested enzymes consistently expressed in S. litura. Further, there was a point mutation at the ryanodine receptor binding site (G4946E) in P. xylostella, which was absent in S. litura. Oligophagy seems to favour resistance build-up in DBM, while polyphagy downplays resistance development in S. litura. Populations of DBM may require effective resistance management intervention to address metabolic detoxification and point mutation.
{"title":"Susceptibility to diamides differs in the field populations of Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera litura feeding on cole crops","authors":"K. Elakkiya , M. Murugan , S.V. Krishnamoorthy , N. Senthil , D. Vijayalakshmi","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diamides, a new class of insecticides, have been used in Indian agriculture for more than 15 years. The severe incidence of diamondback moth (DBM), <em>Plutella xylostella</em> L., and leafworm, <em>Spodoptera litura</em> Fab. on cabbage/cauliflower drew intensive applications of diamides in Southern India. The former is an oligophagous (specialist), while the latter is a polyphagous (generalist) pest. In India, DBM resistance to diamides has surfaced, but not for <em>S. litura</em>. The field populations collected from cauliflower and cabbage in Tamil Nadu’s various agro-climatic zones were tested for diamides resistance, <em>viz.,</em> flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole. The results revealed high resistance to flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole in DBM field populations (98.32 to 54.52 mg/L, respectively) but not in <em>S. litura</em> (4.84 to 0.84 mg/L). Resistance fold in both pests were high for chlorantraniliprole rather than flubendiamide, and the KRI population stood top in resistance. The Resistance folds to flubendiamide (121.38) and chlorantraniliprole (227.16) got multi-folded for DBM when matched against reference susceptible population (SUS-I). Analysis of detoxifying enzymes (MFO, GST, CarE) in highly resistant DBM populations after sub lethal diamide exposures showed GST over-expression for up to 24 h, while none of the tested enzymes consistently expressed in <em>S. litura.</em> Further, there was a point mutation at the ryanodine receptor binding site (G4946E) in <em>P. xylostella</em>, which was absent in <em>S. litura.</em> Oligophagy seems to favour resistance build-up in DBM, while polyphagy downplays resistance development in <em>S. litura.</em> Populations of DBM may require effective resistance management intervention to address metabolic detoxification and point mutation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"27 4","pages":"Article 102341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102346
Ui Wook Hwang , Ashraf Akintayo Akintola
This study presents a meticulous reassessment of the phylogenetic relationships within the Hyrcanus Group of Anopheles (Anopheles) mosquitoes, a group of substantial medical and epidemiological importance. These vectors are responsible for the transmission of various diseases, including malaria, posing a significant public health challenge in many regions. This research employs advanced molecular techniques, specifically focusing on the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region, to enhance taxonomic resolution within this complex group of mosquitoes. The ITS2 region has proven to be a valuable molecular marker for differentiating closely related species and refining our understanding of their evolutionary history. A total of 857 ITS2 sequences of Hyrcanus group members were retrieved from the GenBank after using specific search keywords. 83 out of the initial retrieved sequenced were then finally selected and utilized in the analysis based on sequence quality and length. Sequences retrieved represent 22 out of the 25 members of the Hyrcanus group. This study clarified the confusion surrounding the taxonomic placement and synonymy of each member of the Hyrcanus group using the latest available molecular ITS2 sequence data through Neighbor Joining (NJ), Maximum Likelihood (ML), and Bayesian Inference (BI) phylogenetic tree analysis. The work also revised the taxonomic groupings based on morphological characters observed within the group and evaluated the limitations within the classification based on morphology and the challenges using molecular ITS2 data. A refined understanding of the Hyrcanus group phylogeny provides a foundation for more precise and tailored approaches to combat malaria and other vector-borne diseases in South Korea.
{"title":"Revised Hyrcanus group phylogeny based on ITS2 resolution","authors":"Ui Wook Hwang , Ashraf Akintayo Akintola","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a meticulous reassessment of the phylogenetic relationships within the Hyrcanus Group of <em>Anopheles</em> (Anopheles) mosquitoes, a group of substantial medical and epidemiological importance. These vectors are responsible for the transmission of various diseases, including malaria, posing a significant public health challenge in many regions. This research employs advanced molecular techniques, specifically focusing on the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region, to enhance taxonomic resolution within this complex group of mosquitoes. The ITS2 region has proven to be a valuable molecular marker for differentiating closely related species and refining our understanding of their evolutionary history. A total of 857 ITS2 sequences of Hyrcanus group members were retrieved from the GenBank after using specific search keywords. 83 out of the initial retrieved sequenced were then finally selected and utilized in the analysis based on sequence quality and length. Sequences retrieved represent 22 out of the 25 members of the Hyrcanus group. This study clarified the confusion surrounding the taxonomic placement and synonymy of each member of the Hyrcanus group using the latest available molecular ITS2 sequence data through Neighbor Joining (NJ), Maximum Likelihood (ML), and Bayesian Inference (BI) phylogenetic tree analysis. The work also revised the taxonomic groupings based on morphological characters observed within the group and evaluated the limitations within the classification based on morphology and the challenges using molecular ITS2 data. A refined understanding of the Hyrcanus group phylogeny provides a foundation for more precise and tailored approaches to combat malaria and other vector-borne diseases in South Korea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"27 4","pages":"Article 102346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102350
Yi-Bo Guo, Zi-Jian Liu, Ying-Ying Ye, You-Yang Chen, Zheng-Wei Wu
The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, is a destructive invasive pest that threatens ecological security in China. This study aimed to assess the bioactivity of ethanol crude extracts from 10 plants (Plectranthus hadiensis, Cnidium monnieri, Kaempferia galanga, Alpinia galanga, Perilla frutescens, Melia toosendan, Rosmarinus officinalis, Tripterygium wilfordii, Illicium verum, Scutellaria baicalensis) against S. invicta. The crude extract of K. galanga exhibited the strongest non-selective antifeedant activity at 50 mg/mL with an antifeedant rate reaching 52.67 % after 1 d of treatment. Additionally, the crude extract of R. officinalis showed the best selective antifeedant activity at 50 and 10 mg/mL with selective antifeedant rates of 69.33 % and 56.33 %, respectively. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that T. wilfordii exhibited excellent contact toxicity activity against S. invicta, with corrected mortality rates reaching 91.33 % and 98.00 % at 30 mg/mL after 1 and 2 d, respectively, and reaching 100 % mortality at 50 mg/mL. In conclusion, the crude extracts of K. galanga and R. officinalis displayed promising antifeedant activities against S. invicta while T. wilfordii showed potential as an alternative method for controlling this pest through its contact toxicity activity.
{"title":"Antifeedant and contact toxicity activity of crude extracts from 10 plants to red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","authors":"Yi-Bo Guo, Zi-Jian Liu, Ying-Ying Ye, You-Yang Chen, Zheng-Wei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The red imported fire ant, <em>Solenopsis invicta,</em> is a destructive invasive pest that threatens ecological security in China. This study aimed to assess the bioactivity of ethanol crude extracts from 10 plants (<em>Plectranthus hadiensis</em>, <em>Cnidium monnieri</em>, <em>Kaempferia galanga</em>, <em>Alpinia galanga</em>, <em>Perilla frutescens</em>, <em>Melia toosendan</em>, <em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em>, <em>Tripterygium wilfordii</em>, <em>Illicium verum</em>, <em>Scutellaria baicalensis</em>) against <em>S. invicta</em>. The crude extract of <em>K. galanga</em> exhibited the strongest non-selective antifeedant activity at 50 mg/mL with an antifeedant rate reaching 52.67 % after 1 d of treatment. Additionally, the crude extract of <em>R. officinalis</em> showed the best selective antifeedant activity at 50 and 10 mg/mL with selective antifeedant rates of 69.33 % and 56.33 %, respectively. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that <em>T. wilfordii</em> exhibited excellent contact toxicity activity against <em>S. invicta,</em> with corrected mortality rates reaching 91.33 % and 98.00 % at 30 mg/mL after 1 and 2 d, respectively, and reaching 100 % mortality at 50 mg/mL. In conclusion, the crude extracts of <em>K. galanga</em> and <em>R. officinalis</em> displayed promising antifeedant activities against <em>S. invicta</em> while <em>T. wilfordii</em> showed potential as an alternative method for controlling this pest through its contact toxicity activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 1","pages":"Article 102350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102348
Jin Hyeok Choi , Na Hyeon Kim , Woohyung Lee , Soon-Il Kim , Kil Won Kim , Myeong-Lyeol Lee , Hyung Wook Kwon
The bee vectoring technology, which utilizes the pollination behavior of bees to control pests and diseases of crops, has been demonstrated in various studies. Bee vectoring using honey bees has primarily focused on European honey bee, Apis mellifera. This study aims to compare the activity and dissemination efficiency of A. mellifera and A. cerana in apple flowers. To observe and track the dissemination process by honey bees, the microbial agent (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI600 against fire blight) mixed with the phosphorescent pigment (MAMP) was used. A. cerana began foraging earlier (5:36 AM) and continued longer (13.39 h) than A. mellifera (6:27 AM and 12.45 h). As the temperature increased, A. cerana showed higher foraging activity than A. mellifera. At 9 a.m., A. mellifera spent more time on flowers (9.2 ± 5.4 sec) compared to A. cerana (7.0 ± 7.8 sec). The detection rate of phosphorescent pigment on apple flowers was 100 % for both species. On the stigma, the detection rates were similar, with A. mellifera at 98.0 % and A. cerana at 96.0 %. Both species showed 100 % detection rates on the anther. After two supplies of MAMP, A. mellifera delivered an average of 6.6 µg of phosphorescent pigment per flower, while A. cerana delivered 4.9 µg. However, there was no significant difference between the two species. While it is known that one A. cerana worker delivers a smaller amount on its body than A. mellifera, the amount delivered to a single flower during the release period of the honey bees was similar between the two species. This is presumed to result from differences in their foraging behaviors and activities. As a result, A. cerana could be an alternative vectoring bee in small-scale orchards. It could also be used in orchard environments where the use of A. mellifera is restricted, such as under low-temperature conditions.
{"title":"Comparison of phosphorescent pigment dissemination for bee vectoring by Apis cerana and Apis mellifera on apple flowers","authors":"Jin Hyeok Choi , Na Hyeon Kim , Woohyung Lee , Soon-Il Kim , Kil Won Kim , Myeong-Lyeol Lee , Hyung Wook Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bee vectoring technology, which utilizes the pollination behavior of bees to control pests and diseases of crops, has been demonstrated in various studies. Bee vectoring using honey bees has primarily focused on European honey bee, <em>Apis mellifera</em>. This study aims to compare the activity and dissemination efficiency of <em>A. mellifera</em> and <em>A. cerana</em> in apple flowers. To observe and track the dissemination process by honey bees, the microbial agent (<em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em> MBI600 against fire blight) mixed with the phosphorescent pigment (MAMP) was used. <em>A. cerana</em> began foraging earlier (5:36 AM) and continued longer (13.39 h) than <em>A. mellifera</em> (6:27 AM and 12.45 h)<em>.</em> As the temperature increased, <em>A. cerana</em> showed higher foraging activity than <em>A. mellifera</em>. At 9 a.m., <em>A. mellifera</em> spent more time on flowers (9.2 ± 5.4 sec) compared to <em>A. cerana</em> (7.0 ± 7.8 sec). The detection rate of phosphorescent pigment on apple flowers was 100 % for both species. On the stigma, the detection rates were similar, with <em>A. mellifera</em> at 98.0 % and <em>A. cerana</em> at 96.0 %. Both species showed 100 % detection rates on the anther. After two supplies of MAMP, <em>A. mellifera</em> delivered an average of 6.6 µg of phosphorescent pigment per flower, while <em>A. cerana</em> delivered 4.9 µg. However, there was no significant difference between the two species. While it is known that one <em>A. cerana</em> worker delivers a smaller amount on its body than <em>A. mellifera</em>, the amount delivered to a single flower during the release period of the honey bees was similar between the two species. This is presumed to result from differences in their foraging behaviors and activities. As a result, <em>A. cerana</em> could be an alternative vectoring bee in small-scale orchards. It could also be used in orchard environments where the use of <em>A. mellifera</em> is restricted, such as under low-temperature conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 1","pages":"Article 102348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intensive agriculture and monoculture lead to significant reduction, or loss, of the initial biodiversity. This reduction or loss of biodiversity, can be mitigated by the presence of windbreaks around the fields that serve not only as natural barrier against adverse weather conditions but also as refuge for critical organisms. The aim of this study was to determine the role of natural windbreaks in the conservation of ants at the Experimental Station of the Centre de Recherche Agronomique de la Savane Humide in Kolokopé (Togo). Ants’ diversity was assessed in two cotton fields and their surrounding natural windbreaks using pitfall traps and monolith method in 100 m x 2 m transects. In total, 58 ant species belonging to 22 genera in six subfamilies (Dolichoderinae, Dorylinae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae and Proceratinae) were identified. The species richness of ants was higher in the windbreaks (43 and 36 species) than the cotton fields (15 and 19). The occurrence of ants was also higher in the windbreaks (35.65 % and 36.24 %) than the cotton fields (11.69 % and 16.42 %). Thirty-four out of the 58 species were sampled exclusively in the windbreaks, compared to only two species exclusively sampled in the cotton fields (Crematogaster sp.3 and Lepisiota sp.3), while only three species were common for all the habitats (Camponotus flavomarginatus Mayr, 1862, Tetramorium sp.1 and Tetramorium simillimum (Smith, 1851)). The study shows that ants were more diversified and active in the windbreaks than the cotton fields. Windbreaks, characterized by less anthropic disturbance, could function as refuge for ants within this agroecosystem.
{"title":"Role of windbreaks on ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) conservation in a cotton-growing agroecosystem of the humid savannah in Togo","authors":"Titati Bassouo N’tie , Boris Dodji Kasseney , Mondjonnesso Gomina , Panawé Tozoou , Eyabana Mollong , Adjovi Djifa Amoudji , Essohouna Bassaï Bodjona , Pikassélé Komlan Akantetou , Wouter Dekoninck , Yaovi Nuto , Panopèndou Wiyao Poutouli , Abdoulaye Baïla Ndiaye , Kolo Yeo , Adolé Isabelle Glitho","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intensive agriculture and monoculture lead to significant reduction, or loss, of the initial biodiversity. This reduction or loss of biodiversity, can be mitigated by the presence of windbreaks around the fields that serve not only as natural barrier against adverse weather conditions but also as refuge for critical organisms. The aim of this study was to determine the role of natural windbreaks in the conservation of ants at the Experimental Station of the <em>Centre de Recherche Agronomique de la Savane Humide</em> in Kolokopé (Togo). Ants’ diversity was assessed in two cotton fields and their surrounding natural windbreaks using pitfall traps and monolith method in 100 m x 2 m transects. In total, 58 ant species belonging to 22 genera in six subfamilies (Dolichoderinae, Dorylinae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae and Proceratinae) were identified. The species richness of ants was higher in the windbreaks (43 and 36 species) than the cotton fields (15 and 19). The occurrence of ants was also higher in the windbreaks (35.65 % and 36.24 %) than the cotton fields (11.69 % and 16.42 %). Thirty-four out of the 58 species were sampled exclusively in the windbreaks, compared to only two species exclusively sampled in the cotton fields (<em>Crematogaster</em> sp.3 and <em>Lepisiota</em> sp.3), while only three species were common for all the habitats (<em>Camponotus flavomarginatus</em> Mayr, 1862, <em>Tetramorium</em> sp.1 and <em>Tetramorium simillimum</em> (Smith, 1851)). The study shows that ants were more diversified and active in the windbreaks than the cotton fields. Windbreaks, characterized by less anthropic disturbance, could function as refuge for ants within this agroecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 1","pages":"Article 102349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102351
Shanshan Gao , Kui Liu , Shuang Xue , Can Zhou , Guangyan Zhang , Mengyi Guo , Yizhuo Cao
Aldehyde oxidase (AOX) is a class of metabolic enzymes, which can make T. castaneum resistant to aldehyde insecticides and thus increase the difficulty of control. In this study, we first examined the killing effect of benzaldehyde, one of the main active components of mugwort essential oil, to T. castaneum and demonstrated the involvement of TcAOX2 in regulating the sensitivity of T. castaneum to benzaldehyde. Subsequently, we identified a total of 105 differentially expressed genes relative to controls by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of T. castaneum late larvae injected with dsTcAOX2, including 67 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated expressed genes. Analysis and functional annotation of differentially expressed genes using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The results showed that the expression of apolipoprotein D, carboxypeptidase A, serine protease P40, pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase, and other genes related to immunity and metabolism, their expression also decreased with the decrease of TcAOX2 expression. The down-regulation of the expression of these genes may make T. castaneum less immune and less able to cope with stressful environments. This suggests that changes in TcAOX2 gene expression may affect the expression of these metabolism- or immunity-related genes, which in turn affects T. castaneum sensitivity to external toxicants. In conclusion, our results provide a theoretical basis for exploring the detoxification mechanism of aldehyde oxidase in T. castaneum and for screening target genes in response to external stimuli.
{"title":"RNA sequencing analysis uncovers the role of aldehyde oxidase TcAOX2 in regulating toxic substance susceptibility in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum","authors":"Shanshan Gao , Kui Liu , Shuang Xue , Can Zhou , Guangyan Zhang , Mengyi Guo , Yizhuo Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aldehyde oxidase (AOX) is a class of metabolic enzymes, which can make <em>T. castaneum</em> resistant to aldehyde insecticides and thus increase the difficulty of control. In this study, we first examined the killing effect of benzaldehyde, one of the main active components of mugwort essential oil, to <em>T. castaneum</em> and demonstrated the involvement of TcAOX2 in regulating the sensitivity of <em>T. castaneum</em> to benzaldehyde. Subsequently, we identified a total of 105 differentially expressed genes relative to controls by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of <em>T. castaneum</em> late larvae injected with ds<em>TcAOX2</em>, including 67 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated expressed genes. Analysis and functional annotation of differentially expressed genes using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The results showed that the expression of <em>apolipoprotein D</em>, <em>carboxypeptidase A</em>, <em>serine protease P40</em>, <em>pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase</em>, and other genes related to immunity and metabolism, their expression also decreased with the decrease of <em>TcAOX2</em> expression. The down-regulation of the expression of these genes may make <em>T. castaneum</em> less immune and less able to cope with stressful environments. This suggests that changes in <em>TcAOX2</em> gene expression may affect the expression of these metabolism- or immunity-related genes, which in turn affects <em>T. castaneum</em> sensitivity to external toxicants. In conclusion, our results provide a theoretical basis for exploring the detoxification mechanism of aldehyde oxidase in <em>T. castaneum</em> and for screening target genes in response to external stimuli.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 1","pages":"Article 102351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102345
José Romário de Carvalho , Luis Moreira Araujo Junior , Alixelhe Pacheco Damascena , Pedro Hiroshi Passos Ikuno , Regiane Cristina de Oliveira , José Salazar Zanuncio Junior , Dirceu Pratissoli , José Cola Zanuncio
Reducing the diversification of agroecosystems has minimized the occurrence of natural enemies and favored that of pest insects. Spodoptera eridania (CRAMER) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a cosmopolitan insect-pest that has a high range of economically important crops as hosts. In order to suppress the population increase of this pest, biological control becomes an interesting alternative. The objective of this study was to verify the predatory performance of Podisus nigrispinus (DALLAS) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on S. eridania caterpillars as a function of predator age, aiming to understand their potential for your use as a biological control agent in pest management programs. The performance bioassay was carried out using the methodology of functional response with measures repeated in the time, seeking to understand the influence of the age of the predator and the density of prey on its potential. The sphericity between the ages and predation of the predator was verified. A survival analysis was performed to verify if the number of preys would affect the predator’s longevity. The functional response of type II was observed, with the Holling model better fitted to the data. The parameters, search efficiency (a) and handling time (Th), were affected by the age of the predator. The efficiency tended to decrease, while the handling time increased, as the predator’s age increased. However, P. nigrispinus was estimated to consume 145 caterpillars up to the age of 17 days. Younger predators have the greatest estimation of the maximum number of S. eridania caterpillars consumed. The predator’s survival curves according to number of preys were similar. Moreover, the predation habit occurs throughout the adult age of the predator.
{"title":"Predation performance of Podisus nigrispinus (DALLAS) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in caterpillars of Spodoptera eridania (CRAMER) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"José Romário de Carvalho , Luis Moreira Araujo Junior , Alixelhe Pacheco Damascena , Pedro Hiroshi Passos Ikuno , Regiane Cristina de Oliveira , José Salazar Zanuncio Junior , Dirceu Pratissoli , José Cola Zanuncio","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing the diversification of agroecosystems has minimized the occurrence of natural enemies and favored that of pest insects. <em>Spodoptera eridania</em> (CRAMER) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a cosmopolitan insect-pest that has a high range of economically important crops as hosts. In order to suppress the population increase of this pest, biological control becomes an interesting alternative. The objective of this study was to verify the predatory performance of <em>Podisus nigrispinus</em> (DALLAS) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on <em>S. eridania</em> caterpillars as a function of predator age, aiming to understand their potential for your use as a biological control agent in pest management programs. The performance bioassay was carried out using the methodology of functional response with measures repeated in the time, seeking to understand the influence of the age of the predator and the density of prey on its potential. The sphericity between the ages and predation of the predator was verified. A survival analysis was performed to verify if the number of preys would affect the predator’s longevity. The functional response of type II was observed, with the Holling model better fitted to the data. The parameters, search efficiency (<em>a</em>) and handling time (<em>Th</em>), were affected by the age of the predator. The efficiency tended to decrease, while the handling time increased, as the predator’s age increased. However, <em>P. nigrispinus</em> was estimated to consume 145 caterpillars up to the age of 17 days. Younger predators have the greatest estimation of the maximum number of <em>S. eridania</em> caterpillars consumed. The predator’s survival curves according to number of preys were similar. Moreover, the predation habit occurs throughout the adult age of the predator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 1","pages":"Article 102345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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