Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102365
Lelei Wen, Haixin Zhang, Zhilin Zhang, Lang Hu, Baoyu Peng, Changchun Li
Spiders play a crucial role in regulating herbivorous insect populations within both agricultural and natural ecosystems, and their life-history traits are significantly influenced by the nutritional profiles of their prey. This study evaluates the effects of three prey species—midges (Tendipes sp.), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), and mealworm beetles (Tenebrio molitor)—on the growth, survival, and reproductive success of the funnel-web spider Allagelena difficilis. We found that juvenile spiders fed a diet of midges and mealworm beetle larvae exhibited accelerated development and greater maturation, resulting in enhanced growth compared to those fed fruit flies. While the type of prey did not influence mating behavior or reproductive success, a diet of midges was associated with increased female longevity. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was observed between the age at mating of male spiders and the likelihood of egg sac production by females, underscoring the importance of male age in spider reproduction. These findings enhance our understanding of spider ecology and suggest their potential role in sustainable pest management.
{"title":"Effects of prey species on the growth and reproduction of the funnel-web spider Allagelena difficilis","authors":"Lelei Wen, Haixin Zhang, Zhilin Zhang, Lang Hu, Baoyu Peng, Changchun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spiders play a crucial role in regulating herbivorous insect populations within both agricultural and natural ecosystems, and their life-history traits are significantly influenced by the nutritional profiles of their prey. This study evaluates the effects of three prey species—midges (<em>Tendipes</em> sp.), fruit flies (<em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>), and mealworm beetles (<em>Tenebrio molitor</em>)—on the growth, survival, and reproductive success of the funnel-web spider <em>Allagelena difficilis</em>. We found that juvenile spiders fed a diet of midges and mealworm beetle larvae exhibited accelerated development and greater maturation, resulting in enhanced growth compared to those fed fruit flies. While the type of prey did not influence mating behavior or reproductive success, a diet of midges was associated with increased female longevity. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was observed between the age at mating of male spiders and the likelihood of egg sac production by females, underscoring the importance of male age in spider reproduction. These findings enhance our understanding of spider ecology and suggest their potential role in sustainable pest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 1","pages":"Article 102365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102362
Jie Zou , Mengqing Zhang , Xi Wen , Yue Zhang , Zhi Li , Fang Yuan , Xiaochao Tang , Sijie Xiao , Tong Shen , Xiangrong Tian , Xinglong Huang , Li Yang
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in insects are essential biotransformation enzymes that play an important role in the degradation of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including xenobiotics, odorant molecules and many other substrates. In this study, nineteen GSTs were identified in Protegira songi, which is a monophagous pest that specifically infests the valuable medicinal and rubber producing plant Eucommia ulmoides. These PsGSTs are members of the cytosolic GST family and contain the N-terminal glutathione (GSH) binding domain and the C-terminal substrate binding domain. Expression analysis revealed that eighteen PsGSTs are expressed in the antennae of both males and females. Among them, PsGSTd2 is a signal peptide containing GST and is primarily expressed in male and female antennae. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PsGSTd2 shares close relationship with olfactory GSTs in other insects. Protein structure analysis showed that the GSH and substrate binding sites in PsGSTd2 form a reaction center in the monomer. In the catalytic assays, recombinant PsGSTd2 exhibited high degradation activity towards 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and the host plant volatile trans-beta-damascenone, but no degradation activity towards cis-geraniol and 2-furanmethanol was observed. These results suggest that PsGSTd2 is an extracellular GST primarily expressed in the olfactory tissues and may function as an odorant degrading enzyme by specifically inactivating host plant volatiles.
{"title":"Identification and functional characterization of an antennal glutathione S-transferase in Protegira songi (Lepidoptera Noctuidae)","authors":"Jie Zou , Mengqing Zhang , Xi Wen , Yue Zhang , Zhi Li , Fang Yuan , Xiaochao Tang , Sijie Xiao , Tong Shen , Xiangrong Tian , Xinglong Huang , Li Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in insects are essential biotransformation enzymes that play an important role in the degradation of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including xenobiotics, odorant molecules and many other substrates. In this study, nineteen GSTs were identified in <em>Protegira songi</em>, which is a monophagous pest that specifically infests the valuable medicinal and rubber producing plant <em>Eucommia ulmoides</em>. These PsGSTs are members of the cytosolic GST family and contain the N-terminal glutathione (GSH) binding domain and the C-terminal substrate binding domain. Expression analysis revealed that eighteen PsGSTs are expressed in the antennae of both males and females. Among them, PsGSTd2 is a signal peptide containing GST and is primarily expressed in male and female antennae. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PsGSTd2 shares close relationship with olfactory GSTs in other insects. Protein structure analysis showed that the GSH and substrate binding sites in PsGSTd2 form a reaction center in the monomer. In the catalytic assays, recombinant PsGSTd2 exhibited high degradation activity towards 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and the host plant volatile <em>trans</em>-beta-damascenone, but no degradation activity towards <em>cis</em>-geraniol and 2-furanmethanol was observed. These results suggest that PsGSTd2 is an extracellular GST primarily expressed in the olfactory tissues and may function as an odorant degrading enzyme by specifically inactivating host plant volatiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 1","pages":"Article 102362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102360
Deena Husein , Serguei V. Triapitsyn , Fang-Ling Liu , Yi-Chang Liao , Christine E. Dodge , Shu-Jen Tuan , Richard Stouthamer , Paul F. Rugman-Jones
Phymastichus nudusdraco Triapitsyn & Rugman-Jones, sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) is described and illustrated based on the type series from Taiwan and reared specimens from quarantine colonies of Taiwan origin. This species, which is also known from Thailand, is a solitary parasitoid of adult shothole borers Euwallacea spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Asia. In Taiwan, its confirmed hosts are E. fornicatus (Eichhoff) and E. kuroshio Gomez & Hulcr, and as such, in the USA it is being evaluated under quarantine conditions as a potential classical biological control agent against these two invasive species in southern California. In Thailand, the known host of P. nudusdraco is a third shothole borer species, E. perbrevis (Schedl), which has invaded the U.S. states of Florida and Hawaiʻi. Unambiguous supporting molecular evidence for separation of the four named species of the genus Phymastichus LaSalle is provided. Although there is a slight but consistent difference in the coloration of legs in female P. nudusdraco specimens from Taiwan and Thailand, genetically, these are sufficiently similar to confirm conspecificity.
{"title":"Description of a new species of Phymastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasitoid of adult shothole borers Euwallacea spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Asia","authors":"Deena Husein , Serguei V. Triapitsyn , Fang-Ling Liu , Yi-Chang Liao , Christine E. Dodge , Shu-Jen Tuan , Richard Stouthamer , Paul F. Rugman-Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Phymastichus nudusdraco</em> Triapitsyn & Rugman-Jones, sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) is described and illustrated based on the type series from Taiwan and reared specimens from quarantine colonies of Taiwan origin. This species, which is also known from Thailand, is a solitary parasitoid of adult shothole borers <em>Euwallacea</em> spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Asia. In Taiwan, its confirmed hosts are <em>E. fornicatus</em> (Eichhoff) and <em>E. kuroshio</em> Gomez & Hulcr, and as such, in the USA it is being evaluated under quarantine conditions as a potential classical biological control agent against these two invasive species in southern California. In Thailand, the known host of <em>P. nudusdraco</em> is a third shothole borer species, <em>E. perbrevis</em> (Schedl), which has invaded the U.S. states of Florida and Hawaiʻi. Unambiguous supporting molecular evidence for separation of the four named species of the genus <em>Phymastichus</em> LaSalle is provided. Although there is a slight but consistent difference in the coloration of legs in female <em>P. nudusdraco</em> specimens from Taiwan and Thailand, genetically, these are sufficiently similar to confirm conspecificity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 1","pages":"Article 102360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102361
Wook Hyun Cha , In Hong Jeong , Dae-Weon Lee
Bemisia tabaci is a polyphagous pest that is distributed worldwide and transmits various viruses, including tomato yellow leaf curl virus, tomato chlorosis virus, pepper whitefly-borne vein yellows virus and so on. We analyzed the transcriptome of B. tabaci and identified pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) gene from female adults. Like other hemipterans, Bta-PBAN harbored four neuropeptides (DH-like peptide, PBAN, β-SGNP, and γ-SGNP). The artificial Bta-PBAN was injected into female adults, and compounds were extracted using hexane. Subsequently, GC–MS analysis was performed to identify putative attractants from the extracted compounds. Totally 22 compounds were up-regulated after artificial Bta-PBAN injection. Among them, 2-ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) and phytol were selected as putative attractants of B. tabaci adults. 2-EHA and phytol showed the highest attraction rate at 10% and 30% concentration, respectively. However, their attractancy did not depend on the concentration. This research is the first report on identifying attractants derived from B. tabaci. These results suggest that 2-EHA and phytol can be used as attractants for B. tabaci.
{"title":"Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide induces attractant production in female adults of Bemisia tabaci (MED)","authors":"Wook Hyun Cha , In Hong Jeong , Dae-Weon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bemisia tabaci</em> is a polyphagous pest that is distributed worldwide and transmits various viruses, including tomato yellow leaf curl virus, tomato chlorosis virus, pepper whitefly-borne vein yellows virus and so on. We analyzed the transcriptome of <em>B. tabaci</em> and identified pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) gene from female adults. Like other hemipterans, Bta-PBAN harbored four neuropeptides (DH-like peptide, PBAN, β-SGNP, and γ-SGNP). The artificial Bta-PBAN was injected into female adults, and compounds were extracted using hexane. Subsequently, GC–MS analysis was performed to identify putative attractants from the extracted compounds. Totally 22 compounds were up-regulated after artificial Bta-PBAN injection. Among them, 2-ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) and phytol were selected as putative attractants of <em>B. tabaci</em> adults. 2-EHA and phytol showed the highest attraction rate at 10% and 30% concentration, respectively. However, their attractancy did not depend on the concentration. This research is the first report on identifying attractants derived from <em>B. tabaci</em>. These results suggest that 2-EHA and phytol can be used as attractants for <em>B. tabaci</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 1","pages":"Article 102361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The complete mitogenome of Graphium agamemnon from Peninsular Malaysia (PM) contains 37 genes and a 177-bp control region. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial genes reveal the genus Graphium and its subgenera to be monophyletic, forming three clades: Clade A comprising the subgenus Graphium; Clade B the subgenus Pazala; and Clade C the subgenus Pathysa. The subgenera Graphium and Pazala are closer related compared to subgenus Pathysa. The PM G. agamemnon and that reported from China (OQ852718), as well as two Graphium cloanthus taxa are genetically distinct. In the subgenus Pazala, Graphium timur, Graphium eurous, and Graphium mullah chungianus may be closely related members of a species complex. An extensive taxon sampling is needed to resolve the systematic status and phylogeny of the various seemingly similar/disparate taxa.
{"title":"Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenomics of Graphium agamemnon and congeners (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae, Leptocircini)","authors":"Hoi-Sen Yong , Sze-Looi Song , Kah-Ooi Chua , Yvonne Jing Mei Liew , Kok-Gan Chan , Phaik-Eem Lim , Praphathip Eamsobhana","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complete mitogenome of <em>Graphium agamemnon</em> from Peninsular Malaysia (PM) contains 37 genes and a 177-bp control region. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial genes reveal the genus <em>Graphium</em> and its subgenera to be monophyletic, forming three clades: Clade A comprising the subgenus <em>Graphium</em>; Clade B the subgenus <em>Pazala</em>; and Clade C the subgenus <em>Pathysa</em>. The subgenera <em>Graphium</em> and <em>Pazala</em> are closer related compared to subgenus <em>Pathysa</em>. The PM <em>G. agamemnon</em> and that reported from China (OQ852718), as well as two <em>Graphium cloanthus</em> taxa are genetically distinct. In the subgenus <em>Pazala</em>, <em>Graphium timur</em>, <em>Graphium eurous</em>, and <em>Graphium mullah chungianus</em> may be closely related members of a species complex. An extensive taxon sampling is needed to resolve the systematic status and phylogeny of the various seemingly similar/disparate taxa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 1","pages":"Article 102355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102357
Javad Nazemi-Rafie, Mehdi Modaber
Apis cerana Fabricius, 1787 occurs in the Asian areas. No publication uses residual coordinates (residual data) to compare the populations of A. cerana. Therefore, the objective of the current research was a comparison of the performance efficacy of residual and Procrustes coordinates in differentiation and relationships among the populations of A. cerana in various areas of the world. The samples of honeybee species of A. cerana were prepared from their distributed areas. Residual data performed slightly better than Procrustes data. Residual data corrected some errors of images not captured using Procrustes data therefore it could be more employed in next studies.
The recent results showed that the cluster analysis derived from Procrustes data could not indicate a reliable relationship between the Papua New Guinea population and other populations of A. cerana. The cluster analysis derived from residual data could indicate a more reliable relationship between A. cerana populations of Papua New Guinea and Sumatra. Moreover, in the present study, the cluster analysis derived from residual data showed more reliable findings than Procrustes data between A. cerana populations of Sulawesi and Indonesia (Laboan Bajo, Flores).
{"title":"Residual data reveals greater efficacy than Procrustes data in differentiation and relationships between the populations of Apis cerana (Hym., Apidae)","authors":"Javad Nazemi-Rafie, Mehdi Modaber","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Apis cerana</em> Fabricius, 1787 occurs in the Asian areas. No publication uses residual coordinates (residual data) to compare the populations of <em>A. cerana</em>. Therefore, the objective of the current research was a comparison of the performance efficacy of residual and Procrustes coordinates in differentiation and relationships among the populations of <em>A. cerana</em> in various areas of the world. The samples of honeybee species of <em>A. cerana</em> were prepared from their distributed areas. Residual data performed slightly better than Procrustes data. Residual data corrected some errors of images not captured using Procrustes data therefore it could be more employed in next studies.</div><div>The recent results showed that the cluster analysis derived from Procrustes data could not indicate a reliable relationship between the Papua New Guinea population and other populations of <em>A. cerana</em>. The cluster analysis derived from residual data could indicate a more reliable relationship between <em>A. cerana</em> populations of Papua New Guinea and Sumatra. Moreover, in the present study, the cluster analysis derived from residual data showed more reliable findings than Procrustes data between <em>A. cerana</em> populations of Sulawesi and Indonesia (Laboan Bajo, Flores).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 1","pages":"Article 102357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102358
Yoo-Hee Kim , Jong Woo Park , Thi Dung Do , Amirhassan Taghavian , Dogen Yoon , Sang-Kuk Kang , Seong-Ryul Kim , Kee-Young Kim , Young Ho Koh
HongJam (HJ) is a natural food made by steaming mature silkworms, known for its health benefits. The correct type and age of silkworms are essential for its production. This study established standard operating protocols to identify silkworm varieties and ages for making steamed and freeze-dried silkworm powders (SSP) or HJ. By comparing the color of powders made from three silkworm types—White Jade (WJ), Golden-silk (GS), and Juhwang-silk—significant differences in color measurements (ΔE*ab values) were found. Silkworms of WJ and GS varieties were harvested daily from the 3rd day of the 5th instar stage to maturity, and the color of their powders was analyzed. The color differences (ΔE*ab) were smallest on the 7th day for GS-SSP and the 9th day for WJ-SSP compared to their HJ counterparts. The ΔE*ab values were the lowest on the GS-SSP produced with the 7th day of the 5th instar silkworm and the WJ-SSP produced with 9th day of the 5th instar silkworm when compared to GS- or WJ-HJ, respectively. The age of silkworms for GS-SSP/HJ production was further determined by analyzing antioxidant activity and the levels of specific plant-based compounds in their extracts. Age identification was also possible by measuring light absorption (200–800 nm) of the extracts and by studying the expression of a gene associated with mature silkworms. In summary, this study offers practical methods to determine the variety and age of silkworms for HJ production, supporting its quality control as a functional food.
{"title":"Determining the variety and ages of 5th instar silkworms for a functional food production through color, phytochemicals, antioxidant activities, absorbance spectra, and gene expression analysis","authors":"Yoo-Hee Kim , Jong Woo Park , Thi Dung Do , Amirhassan Taghavian , Dogen Yoon , Sang-Kuk Kang , Seong-Ryul Kim , Kee-Young Kim , Young Ho Koh","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>HongJam (HJ) is a natural food made by steaming mature silkworms, known for its health benefits. The correct type and age of silkworms are essential for its production. This study established standard operating protocols to identify silkworm varieties and ages for making steamed and freeze-dried silkworm powders (SSP) or HJ. By comparing the color of powders made from three silkworm types—White Jade (WJ), Golden-silk (GS), and Juhwang-silk—significant differences in color measurements (ΔE<sub>*ab</sub> values) were found. Silkworms of WJ and GS varieties were harvested daily from the 3rd day of the 5th instar stage to maturity, and the color of their powders was analyzed. The color differences (ΔE*ab) were smallest on the 7th day for GS-SSP and the 9th day for WJ-SSP compared to their HJ counterparts. The ΔE<sub>*ab</sub> values were the lowest on the GS-SSP produced with the 7th day of the 5th instar silkworm and the WJ-SSP produced with 9th day of the 5th instar silkworm when compared to GS- or WJ-HJ, respectively. The age of silkworms for GS-SSP/HJ production was further determined by analyzing antioxidant activity and the levels of specific plant-based compounds in their extracts. Age identification was also possible by measuring light absorption (200–800 nm) of the extracts and by studying the expression of a gene associated with mature silkworms. In summary, this study offers practical methods to determine the variety and age of silkworms for HJ production, supporting its quality control as a functional food.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 1","pages":"Article 102358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102352
Franciely da Silva Ponce, Moisés Daniel de Oliveira, Vanessa Rafaela De Carvalho, Claudia Aparecida de Lima Toledo, Santino Seabra Júnior, Regiane Cristina de Oliveira
Selection of suitable Trichogramma strain is critical in biological control programs against pests. Thus, the objective was to select the most suitable strains based on the biological and molecular analyses of five populations of T. pretiosum to develop the program of biological control of C. includens in brassica cultivation. A randomized complete block design was used, with five strains (FT, VI, VII, SBI and SBII) and 20 replicates. Endosymbionts present in the strains were identified by polymerase chain reaction. “FT” showed better longevity, a higher number of adults per egg, and a higher sex ratio compared to the other strains. It was the most indicated for the biological control of C. includens in brassicas despite failing to obtain the highest egg parasitism. Cluster analysis showed that the “FT” strain met a majority of the requirements for managing C. includens and flying pests. Among the evaluated endosymbionts, Cardinium, Carsonella, Spiroplasm, and Serratia were observed in three of the five evaluated strains, and a combination of Cardinium, Spiroplasma, and Serratia may be involved in the parasitism of the “FT” strain.
{"title":"Selection of suitable stain in Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) for the control of biological management of Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Franciely da Silva Ponce, Moisés Daniel de Oliveira, Vanessa Rafaela De Carvalho, Claudia Aparecida de Lima Toledo, Santino Seabra Júnior, Regiane Cristina de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selection of suitable <em>Trichogramma</em> strain is critical in biological control programs against pests. Thus, the objective was to select the most suitable strains based on the biological and molecular analyses of five populations of <em>T. pretiosum</em> to develop the program of biological control of <em>C. includens</em> in brassica cultivation. A randomized complete block design was used, with five strains (FT, VI, VII, SBI and SBII) and 20 replicates. Endosymbionts present in the strains were identified by polymerase chain reaction. “FT” showed better longevity, a higher number of adults per egg, and a higher sex ratio compared to the other strains. It was the most indicated for the biological control of C. includens in brassicas despite failing to obtain the highest egg parasitism. Cluster analysis showed that the “FT” strain met a majority of the requirements for managing <em>C. includens</em> and flying pests. Among the evaluated endosymbionts, <em>Cardinium, Carsonella, Spiroplasm</em>, and <em>Serratia</em> were observed in three of the five evaluated strains, and a combination of <em>Cardinium, Spiroplasma</em>, and <em>Serratia</em> may be involved in the parasitism of the “FT” strain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology","volume":"28 1","pages":"Article 102352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2024.102356
Naresh Dangi , Young-gyun Park , Un Taek Lim
Flonicamid a systemic insecticide acts as a feeding inhibitor against sucking insect pests. Now it is registered against soybean aphids in Korea and can be also used to control Riptortus pedestris (F.), a major pest of soybean. Here, we compared the susceptibility of R. pedestris and its two egg parasitoids, Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii and Gryon japonicum (Ashmead), to flonicamid. The median lethal concentrations for 2nd and 4th instar nymphs of R. pedestris were 0.03 and 1.3 g/L, respectively, after 48 h of feeding. The toxicity indices for 2nd and 4th instar nymphs, and adult R. pedestris fed with 0.5 g/L flonicamid were 1.8, 1.5, and 1.5 times more toxic than that of the water control, while those for O. nezarae and G. japonicum were just 1.1 and 1.2 times more toxic than that of the control, respectively. In conclusion, flonicamid is more toxic to nymphs than adult stages of R. pedestris, but it is relatively safe to its egg parasitoids, thus can be used as an effective strategy for conservation biological control against R. pedestris.
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