Journal of Basic Microbiology最新文献

Sustainable agriculture represents the responsible utilization of natural resources while safeguarding the well-being of the natural environment. It encompasses the objectives of preserving the environment, fostering economic growth, and promoting socioeconomic equality. To achieve sustainable development for humanity, it is imperative to prioritize sustainable agriculture. One significant approach to achieving this transition is the extensive utilization of microbes, which play a crucial role due to the genetic reliance of plants on the beneficial functions provided by symbiotic microbes. This review focuses on the significance of rhizospheric microbial communities, also known as the rhizomicrobiome (RM). It is a complex community of microorganisms that live in the rhizosphere and influence the plant's growth and health. It provides its host plant with various benefits related to plant growth, including biocontrol, biofertilization, phytostimulation, rhizoremediation, stress resistance, and other advantageous properties. Yet, the mechanisms by which the RM contributes to sustainable agriculture remain largely unknown. Investigating this microbial population presents a significant opportunity to advance toward sustainable agriculture. Hence, this study aims to provide an overview of the diversity and applications of RM in sustainable agriculture practices. Lately, there has been growing momentum in various areas related to rhizobiome research and its application in agriculture. This includes rhizosphere engineering, synthetic microbiome application, agent-based modeling of the rhizobiome, and metagenomic studies. So, developing bioformulations of these beneficial microorganisms that support plant growth could serve as a promising solution for future strategies aimed at achieving a new green revolution.

This work aimed to isolate and characterize a novel chitin-degrading bacterium from Yok Don National Park, Vietnam, for crop production studies. Among the chitinolytic isolates, strain YSY-4.3 was selected, which grew rapidly and produced a large halo around the colony. 16S rDNA analysis indicated that the strain is a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, and an in vitro evaluation showed that the strain produced phytohormones (IAA, GA3, and zeatin), biofilms, and siderophores; possessed cellulase; and exerted antifungal activity. The whole genome of the strain was 5,628,400 bp with 49.3% GC content, 5056 coding sequences, 48 tRNA, and 1 rRNA. It shared the highest values of digital DNA–DNA hybridization (67.4%) and average nucleotide identity (89.54%) with those of Paenibacillus woosongensis B2_4 (CP126084.1), suggesting a novel species. Of the coding sequences, 4287 proteins were identified by COG, and 2561 were assigned by KEGG. The genome contained at least 51 genes involved in plant growth and resistance to heavy-metal toxicity and 359 carbohydrate-active enzymes. The chitinolytic system of the strain was composed of 15 enzymes, among them, PsChiC, which contained a GH18 catalytic domain and a GH5 catalytic domain, had not been previously reported. In addition, the genome possessed 15 gene clusters encoding antimicrobial metabolites, 10 of which are possible novel clusters. This study expands knowledge regarding novel chitinolytic bacteria from Yok Don National Park and provides a valuable gene resource for future studies.

Growing evidence suggests that the hydrochemical properties of geothermal fumaroles may play a crucial role in shaping the diversity and functions of microbial communities in various environments. In the present study, the impact of geothermal furaneols on the microbial communities and their metabolic functions across the rock-soil-plant continuum was explored considering varying distances from the fumarole source. The results revealed that bacterial phylum Proteobacteria was predominant in all sample types, except in the 10 m rock sample, irrespective of the sampling distance. Archaeal phyla, such as Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota, were more prevalent in rock and soil samples, whereas bacterial phyla were more prevalent in plant samples. Thermoacidophilic archaeons, including Picrophilus, Ferroplasma, and Thermogymnomonas were dominant in rocks and soil samples of 1 and 5 m distances; acidophilic mesophiles, including Ferrimicrobium and Granulicella were abundant in the rhizoplane samples, whereas rhizosphere-associated microbes including Pseudomonas, Pedobacter, Rhizobium, and Novosphingobium were found dominant in the rhizosphere samples. The functional analysis highlighted the higher expression of sulfur oxidative pathways in the rock and soil samples; dark iron oxidation and nitrate/nitrogen respiratory functions in the rhizosphere samples. The findings underscore microbial adaptations across the rock-soil-plant continuum, emphasizing the intricate relationship between geothermal fumaroles and microbial communities in adjacent ecosystems. These insights offer a crucial understanding of the evolution of microbial life and highlight their pivotal roles in shaping ecosystem dynamics and functions.

Pigments are widely used in food supplements envisaging attractive colors along with health benefits. The desired advancements in the nutraceutical and antioxidant properties of pigments utilized in food products necessitate the search for novel additives. The present study is the first in the field to report the pigment-producing endolichenic bacteria, Bacillus sp. LDAB-1 from Dirinaria aegilita. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization of the bacterium emphasizes that ideal pigment production occurs when utilizing sucrose and sodium nitrate. The pigment was salted out and dialyzed for further qualitative characterization using ultraviolet–visible, fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared spectra and the results corroborated the presence of betalains. The antioxidant activity of betalain is closer to the efficiency of α-tocopherol, which confers the pigment properties for antioxidant and nutraceutical significance. An optimal methodology for pigment affirmation is an issue when using an alternative methodology. Hence, the present assessment employs a comparative analysis of findings from both a spectrophotometric method and image processing technology encompassing RGB, CMYK, YCbCr, and L*a*b* color space models. Amongst these, the L*a*b* model potentially provides an effective modality for determining the pigment concentration. Bland–Altman plot analysis indicates similar consistency levels in betalain quantification by both methods at 95% confidence intervals, affirming the integrity and consistency of color image processing technology. Consequently, the present study represents novelty and innovativeness in reporting endolichenic Bacillus sp. LDAB-1 from D. aegilita and a rational image optimization protocol for pigment elucidation characteristics.